中科院考博英语历年真题必背固定搭配
2011年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In swimming it is necessary to______the movement of the arms and legs.A．coordinateB．harmonizeC．collaborateD．mediate正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词的含义。
A协调，调节；B使和谐；C合作；D调停，调解。
句子的意思是：游泳时手臂与腿部动作要协调。
2．Beijing’s private cars will be banned from the roads ______for one day a week during a six-month trial period.A．incidentallyB．occasionallyC．randomlyD．alternately正确答案：D解析：本题考查副词的含义。
A附带地，顺便提及地；B有时候，偶尔；C 随机地，任意地；D交替地，轮流地。
句子的意思是：北京的私家车将每周轮流一次禁止上路，试行6个月。
3．Joe puts too much______on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor.A．applianceB．defianceC．relianceD．compliance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的含义。
A用具，器具；B挑战，挑衅，蔑视；C依赖；D遵从，依从。
句子的意思是：乔过于依赖药店里的药，不听医生的话。
4．Among 169 cases, the smokers______85.79% , and the ratio between males and females is 3.7 to 1.A．answer forB．account forC．take upD．sum up正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词词组的含义。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题I am prepared to make some（） on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals. 问题1选项A.confessionB.concessionC.concordD.consent【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
confession “忏悔；告解”；concession “让步；特许（权）”；concord “和谐；和睦；一致”；consent “准许；同意”。
句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些______，但是在原则上我不会妥协。
根据句意可知选项B符合题意。
2.单选题（） we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.As soon asB.As far asC.So long asD.So far as【答案】C【解析】考察固定搭配。
as soon as 一…就；as far as至于；so far as到目前为止； so long as “只要”，句意：我们只要继续努力工作，就能在计划之前完成工作。
选项C符合句意。
3.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。
only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The computer can be programmed to________a whole variety of tasks.A．assignB．tackleC．realizeD．solve正确答案：B解析：四个选项中，只有tackle(应付，处理，解决)可与task搭配。
2．The team’s efforts to score were________by the opposing goalkeeper.A．frustratedB．preventedC．discouragedD．accomplished正确答案：A解析：frustrate“挫败，破坏”，常与表示“计划、努力、企图”等的名词搭配。
如：The weather frustrated ourplans．天气破坏了我们的计划。
3．I only know the man by________but I have never spoken to him.A．chanceB．heartC．sightD．experience正确答案：C解析：四个词均可与by连用。
其中，by chance表示“偶然地，意外地”; by heart指“熟记”；by sight意为“见过面，面熟，仅熟悉”；by／from experience 是指“凭经验，从经验中”。
从后半句看，显然C项符合要求。
4．Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a________between red and greeaA．differenceB．distinctionC．comparisonD．division正确答案：B解析：make／draw a distinction between是固定搭配，表示“对……加以区别”，为正确答案。
2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature ______ to protect the dolphins.A．reservationB．rescueC．reserveD．refugee正确答案：A解析：考形近词与同义词的辨析。
reservation是“保留地，专用地，禁猎地”，指动物保护区；rescue是“援救，营救”；reserve是“储备物，收藏；自我克制”，如：reserve of food(食物储备)；refugee指“逃亡者，难民”。
根据句子大意，要发展一个海洋自然______来保护海豚，应该选择reservation。
句子大意是：“海洋生物学家正在呼吁要将Cardigan海湾重新发展成一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。
”2．Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will ______ the memory of the passers-by.A．keepB．easeC．jogD．enhance正确答案：C解析：考动词搭配。
难点在于熟悉动词的不熟悉用法。
keep是“保持”，ease 是“使悠闲；减轻，放松”；jog做不及物动词是“慢跑”，做及物动词是“摇动；唤起，提醒”，这是一个不太熟悉的用法；enhance是“提高，增强”。
中科院考博英语历年真题必背固定搭配
中科院考博英语历年真题必背固定搭配in question讨论中的;谈及的;争论中的in/with respect of/to关于in return回报;付给in search of寻找;搜寻;查究in secret/private/public私下;暗地/不公开;私下;秘密地/当众;公开地in short/brief/sum简言之;总之in spite of虽然;不管;不顾;纵使in support of维护…;支持…;证实…in that因为in/under the circumstances在这种情况下;考虑到这种情况in the course of在…期间;在…的过程中in the end最后;最终;结果;终归in the face of面临;不顾(反对等)in the first place起初;首先;早先(not)in the least/the least bit一点(也不);丝毫(不);(常用于强调否定)in the long/short run结果;最后/暂时：目前in the name of在…的名下;以…的名义;为…的缘故in no/good time立刻;马上，一转眼工夫;迅速地;恰好in vain徒劳;无益in view of鉴于;考虑到independent of独立于…之外;不依赖…的;不受…支配的inform of告诉;报告;通知insist(on/upon)坚决主张;坚决要求;坚持认为;定要;坚持要instead of代替;而不是interfere with干涉;干预;妨碍;干扰;影响involve in涉及;卷入;陷入;使进入;使连累join in参加;加入jump to a conclusion草率决定;贸然断定keep down控制，限制，;低下;蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压;忍住了呕吐;缩减keep from隐瞒，瞒住;避开;使免于keep off驱散;避开;防止，挡住;不接近keep on继续…;不停地…keep to恪守;遵守;遵循;按…办;坚持(做)keep to the(a)minimum控制到最低限度;尽可能短(少)keep under control控制(监视等)keep up(with)跟上;赶上;保持;不落在后面;及时了解(情况)knock down拆除;拆卸;打倒，撞倒;使减价knock off下班，停止工作;减低，扣掉;匆忙做完(写完)knock out敲出;击倒;击昏;使失效;匆匆做好;(药物)使入睡knock over打翻know of/about知道;听说lack of不够;不足;没有laugh off一笑置之;把…当儿戏lay down放下;放弃(想法态度等);拟订(计划等);兴建;规定;制定lay off暂时解雇;休息;休养lay out展开;铺开;摆开;说明，表达(想法等);设计;布置;准备人殓lead the way向导;领路;引路lead to领;带;导向;通向;通往;导致;造成leak out走漏(消息等);(水，煤气等)泄露lean on对…施加压力;讹诈;逼迫;倚靠;依靠leave behind抛弃;忘记带;把…拉下;落后leave out遗漏;省去;删去;不考虑lead to把…借给;把钱贷给;使…增添了…,使…有了let alone更不用说;更别提let down使(人)失望;放下;放(长)衣服;不支持let off免除;放过;放掉(气);放(枪);引爆(炸弹);准许…暂时停止工作let out释放;放走;放(水，气);出租(房屋);把(衣服)放大level off/out稳定;持平;整平;弄平;水平飞行line up排队;列队;整顿;排列整齐;排成行;安排妥当;与…站在一起live on/by继续活着;靠…生活;以食…为生/按照或遵循…(准则)而生活;靠…过活live through渡过;熬过live up to配得上。
中科院考博英语 培训资料(作文) 作文常用句型
中科院考博英语培训资料（作文）作文常用句型
作文常用句型一、引出话题的句式
二、分析原因的句式
三、说明事物优点的常用句式
四、说明事物缺点的常用句式
列举事物的词：
1）first, second, third, last（俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally （俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand
10）for one thing, for another thing
五、表明事物利大于弊的常用句式
六、提出解决方案的句式（建议）
七、结束语
对立观点型作文
一、点明主题、具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式
二、陈述自己观点的常用句式。
(精品)中科院06-16博士英语十年真题
中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷构成试卷一：小计110分钟65分Ⅰ 词汇15分钟10分Ⅰ 完形填空15分钟15分Ⅰ 阅读80分钟40分试卷二：小计70分钟35分Ⅰ 英译汉30分钟15分Ⅰ 写作40分钟20分2006年3月PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)1. The problem is that most local authorities lack the to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise2. Awards provide a(n) for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive3. The profit motive is inherently with principles of fairness and equity.A. in lineB. in tradeC. at timesD. at odds4. Oil is derived from the of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. leftovers5. Successful students sometimes become so with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed6. Apparently there were between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions7. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse into unconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing8. The 12-year-old civil war had 1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted9. The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net to charitable activities in the county.A. expensesB. revenuesC. budgetsD. payments10. This will make schools more directly and effectively to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.A. accountableB. submittedC. subjectedD. available11. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never from the highest standards of honor.A. deviateB. escapeC. deriveD. refrain12. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed in the glossary.A. in sumB. in totalC. in generalD. in full13. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a for more.A. scarcityB. commandC. hungerD. request14. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam , surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things.A. at peaceB. at leisureC. at restD. at speed15. The closest to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils.A. equalityB. equationC. equivalentD. equity16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was_____ revised.A. consecutivelyB. consequentlyC. successivelyD. subsequently17. He us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about.A. confusesB. regardsC. strikesD. knocks18. The water was so clear that it the trees on the river bank.A. shadowedB. shadedC. representedD. reflected19. Some 121 countries may be designated“developing”, and of this 121, seventeen countries_______more than four-fifths of energy consumption.A. amount toB. account forC. add upD. take away20. The researchers found the age at which young people first fall to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them.A. sacrificeB. shortC. witnessD. victimPART Ⅰ CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for his schoolwork, Andy Klise admits he would probably 21 for the latter. It’s not that he doesn’t like to have fun; it’s just that his desire to excel 22 drives his decision-making process.A 2001 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise acknowledges that he may someday have 23 thoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spent 24 , but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. “If things had not 25 out as well as they have, I would have had some regrets,” says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. “But spending the extra time studying has been well worth the 26 . I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certain27 .”28 the origin of his intense motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. “I’ve always been goal 29 ,” he says. “This internal drive has caused me to give my all 30 pretty much everything I do.”Klise 31 Wooster’s nationally recognized Independent Study (I.S.) program with preparing him for his next 32 in life: a research position with the National Institute of Health (NIH).“I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me 33 a research position with NIH,” says Klise. “The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nation’s 34 scientists while making the 35 from undergraduate to graduate studies or a career in the medical field.”21. A. intend B. prefer C. opt D. search22.A. academically B. professionally C. socially D. technically23.A. different B. certain C. second D. other24.A. entertaining B. socializing C. enjoying D. sporting25.A. developed B. appeared C. occurred D. worked26.A. investment B. reward C. payment D. compensation27.A. devotions B. concessions C. sacrifices D. attempts28. A. Besides B. As for C. Out of D. Despite29.A. directed B. oriented C. conducted D. guided30.A. about B. with C. at D. in31.A. credits B. registers C. selects D. observes32. A. run B. step C. pace D. leap33.A. hold B. occupy C. anchor D. land34.A. leading B. advanced C. nominated D. marvelous35. A. achievement B. transition C. position D. vocationPART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Passage OneShe’s cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years old—entering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. It’s just so extraordinary,” says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation.The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the changes wrought by Johnston’s software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a“hyper-female”. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find“feminized”versions of averaged faces more beautiful.Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the underpinnings of human attractiveness.The research results so far are surprising—and humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitrary cultural artifact. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berry’s flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us that she is parasite-free.Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious field—the allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debated—but those on its front lines agree on one point: We won’t conquer “looks-ism” until we understand its source. As psychologist Nancy Etcoff puts it:“The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.”36.The woman described in the very beginning of the text is .A. in fact in her late twentiesB. Johnston’s ideal girlfriendC. a stunning beautyD. is a professional prostitute37. Victor Johnston synthesized a new face by combining the features of 16 .A. beautiful European womenB. different women around the worldC. casually chosen white womenD. ordinary western women38. Through a few tiny changes made by Johnston, the synthesized face became even more .A. masculineB. averageC. feminineD. neutral39.Victor Johnston has produced such an attractive face in order to .A. give his computer a beautiful screenB. study the myth of human attractivenessC. prove the human capacity to create beautiesD. understand why Caucasian faces are special40. Paragraph 4 suggests that human beauty may be .A. culturally differentB. a disease-free idolC. individual-dependentD. a world agreed value41.It’s a consensus among the researchers that humans are still unconscious of .A. why they look attractiveB. when attractiveness is importantC. how powerful beauty isD. what constitutes beautyPassage TwoIt’s becoming something of a joke along the Maine-Canada border. So many busloads of retired people crisscross the line looking for affordable drugs that the roadside stands should advertise, “Lobsters. Blueberries. Lipitor. Coumalin.” Except, of course, that such a market in prescription drugs would be illegal.These senior long-distance shopping sprees fall in a legal gray zone. But as long as people cross the border with prescriptions from a physician and have them filled for no more than a three-month supply for personal use, customs and other federal officials leave them alone. The trip might be tiring, but people can save an average of 60 percent on the cost of their prescription drugs. For some, that’s the difference between taking the drugs or doing without. “The last bus trip I was on six months ago had 25 seniors,” says Chellie Pingree, former Maine state senator and now president of Common Cause.“Those 25 people saved $19,000 on their supplies of drugs.” Pingree sponsored Maine RX, which authorizes a discounted price on drugs for Maine residents who lack insurance coverage. The law was challenged by drug companies but recently upheld by the U.S.Supreme Court. It hasn’t yet taken effect.Figuring out ways to spend less on prescription drugs has become a multifaceted national movement of consumers, largely senior citizens. The prescription drug bill in America is $160 billion annually, and people over 65 fill five times as many prescriptions as working Americans on average.“But they do it on health benefits that are half as good and on incomes that are half as large,” says Richard Evans, senior analyst at Sanford C.Bernstein, an investment research firm. What’s more, seniors account for 20 percent of the voting public.It’s little wonder that the May 19 Supreme Court ruling got the attention of drug manufacturers and politicians across the country. The often-over-looked state of 1.3 million tucked in the northeast comer of the country became David to the phar-maceutical industry’s Goliath. The face-off began three years ago when state legislators like Pingree began questioning why Maine’s elderly population had to take all those bus trips.42.The elderly Americans cross the Maine-Canada border in order to get drugs that are .A. sold wholesaleB. over the counterC. less expensiveD. tax-free43.We can learn from the second paragraph that .A. people can buy as many drugs for personal useB. the cross-border drug shopping has been out of the federal controlC. Chellie Pingree used to be one of the cross-border shoppers for drugsD. the cross-border shopping is the only way for some Americans to get drugs44. Maine Rx mentioned in Paragraph Two is a .A. billB. drug companyC. customs officeD. seniors society45. Most cross-border shoppers are retired people, rather than working Americans, because the former .A.have more leisure timeB.fill more prescriptionsC.mostly enjoy long tripsD.are fond of street shopping46. Politicians were interested in the May 19 Supreme Court ruling because .A. they couldn’t improve the well-being of the elderlyB. they couldn’t afford to ignore the elderly’s votesC. they saw the elderly as the greatest contributorsD. they saw the elderly as deserving a special care47. David and Goliath are names used to describe a situation in which_____.A. the two groups are evenly matched in strengthB. a more powerful group is fighting a less powerful groupC. a less powerful group is fighting a more powerful groupD. both of the two groups are losersPassage ThreeIt’s navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual ritual of introspection, we would do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good?The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter:“Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse.” As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one that’s supported by a growing body of controlled psychological studies.In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how satisfied they were with the relationship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions.It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfaction ratings would thus do the best job of predicting the outcome of their relationships.In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the“gut feeling”group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ratings did not predict the outcome of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel.Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research by Susan Nolen Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse.For years it was believed that emergency workers like police officers and firefighters should undergo a debriefing process to focus on and relive their experiences; the idea was that this would make them feel better and prevent mental health problems down the road. But did it do any good? In an extensive review of the research, a team led by Richard McNally, a clinical psychologist at Harvard, concluded that debriefing procedures have little benefit and might even hurt by interrupting the normal healing process. People often distract themselves from thinking about painful events right after they occur, and this may be better than mentally reliving the events.48.According to the author, why do people tend to look inward at the end of a year?A. They want to know if they get prepared for the future.B. They consider it beneficial to their future lives.C. They pay too much attention to their self-improvement.D. They overemphasize their progress in the past year.49.The author agrees with Theodore Roethke on that_____.A. people need self-reflection when they feel blueB. people are reluctant to confide in romantic partnersC. people may be more depressed by recalling the painful pastD. people would become sober when clearing up the confusions50.The findings of the study on the satisfaction ratings in romantic relationship reveal that_____.A. meditation can keep the relationship at its peakB. retrospection helps people feel satisfied with the partnerC. specific analysis can foretell the future of the relationshipD. thinking about details makes one uncertain about the relationship51.The phrase“the navel gazers”in Paragraph 5 refers to people who_____.A. boast of their own successB. hesitate in romantic relationshipsC. worry about their futureD. focus on their past52. Which of the following is the best way to help firefighters relieve their trauma?A. Leave them alone to adjust their emotions.B. Provide them with consultation about their jobs.C. Help them figure out what has happened.D. Discuss with them how to do it better next time.53.According to the passage, _____can help people get over a painful experience.A. pouring out their feelings about itB. distracting their attention from itC. discussing it with specialistsD. recalling the specificsPassage FourPublic speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If parents, teachers or peers mocked your foibles as a child, you fear a repeat. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written screeds to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally, a script rarely works and it is used as a crutch by most people. But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist RD Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of“flow”, as psychologists call it, is very satisfying. Whether in normal life or making speeches, the key is to remind yourself that, contrary to what your teachers or parents may have implied, your best is good enough. In the zone, a strange place of authentic falsehood and shallow depth, play is possible.54.For most people the biggest fear for public speaking is_____.A. looking foolishB. failing in wordsC. not attracting attentionD. appearing pressurized55.According to the passage shy people_____A. have greater difficulty than extrovert onesB. are not good at actingC. may well do a good job in a speechD. are better speakers in the public eye56.A successful speech maker is usually one who_____.A. can act naturallyB. makes careful preparationsC. rehearses adequatelyD. can get across easily57.The example of the British psychiatrist in Paragraph 6 shows a failure in_____.A. showing modesty in publicB. talking about one’s own tradeC. presenting the topic logicallyD. communicating with the audience58.“Shallow depth” in the last paragraph implies_____.A. being yourself in the performanceB. trying to look seriousC. pretending to be well-preparedD. being seemingly knowledgeable59.From the passage, we get the impression that public speaking is something_____.A. hard to do wellB. scary but manageableC. tough but rewardingD. worthwhile to challengePassage FiveAfrican American women’s search for societal acceptance often encompasses struggle between natural and socially constructed ideas of beauty. As an essential component in traditional African societies, cosmeticmodification is ritualized to emphasize natural features of blackness. Defined by social occasion such as childhood development to maturity, indicators of marital status or the group to which you belong, beautification of the hair and body play an essential role. In our racially conscious society, presenting a physical image and being accepted is a complex negotiation between two different worlds.Hair is an outward expression of culture and heritage. It also represents a sense of personal style. In the search for the African American identity, blacks have undergone many different changes in hairstyle. Hairstyles are cultural classifiers of what African Americans consider beautiful. Hairstyles are a representation of the African American soul, all of their confidence and dignity show in how they present themselves on Sundays and on a daily basis.“During the sixties, white American youth used their hair to make a variety of political and philosophical statements,”young blacks joined thereafter.“The natural hairstyle not only was easier to care for, but also gave African Americans a closer tie to their heritage. Natural style serves as a visible imprimatur of blackness; a tribute to group unity; a statement of self-love and personal significance.”By rejecting the white standards of beauty, black Americans halted the processes of using chemical straighteners or hot irons.A woman talks about her struggle.“I remember battling with the idea of going natural for several years. I never had the courage because every time I pictured myself with my natural hair, I never saw beauty. Now my hair is natural, thick and healthy.”African American women are finding confidence within themselves to wear their hair naturally and feel beautiful about it. Many contemporary African Americans are avoiding high maintenance and feeling confident in their natural beauty.It was a different story in the past. African Americans were pressed. Shame was the motivation behind blacks losing their roots and ethnic identity. By being brainwashed into believing black people are“inferior”and white people are“superior”African Americans have mutilated and adjusted their bodies to try to look“pretty”by white standards.Hair is as different as the people it belongs to. People are finally recognizing that beauty is what helps to create our individual identities. Ultimately, individual confidence shapes and strengthens the culture of the African American community.60.The first paragraph tells us that African Americans_____.A. have been trying hard to be socially acceptedB. have been changing their value about beautyC. have maintained their identity of traditional AfricansD. have modified their hairstyles to fit into the society61. What kind of problem do African Americans face in society?A. They would look ugly if they don’t change their hairstyles.B. Their natural image may not be accepted by white Americans.C. They would never find a suitable hairstyle in the hair salons.D. Their cultural heritage may risk being abandoned by themselves.62.The word“imprimatur”in Paragraph 2 most probably means_____.A. dislikeB. betrayalC. approvalD. suspicion63. African Americans stopped using chemical straighteners or hot irons because_____.A. they reversed the attitude the white people had towards themB. they started to see beauty in their thick curly hairC. they feel good and comfortable in being differentD. they accepted the white standards of beauty64.Why did some African Americans accept the white standards of beauty?A. Because they tried to keep socially fashionable.B. Because they did not have their own standards of beauty.C. Because they were not well educated as white Americans.D. Because they wanted to become part of the mainstream.65.To African Americans, hair is a significant indicator of_____.A. their cultural identityB. their aesthetic tasteC. their social recognitionD. their challenge against the societySection B (20 minutes, 10 points)Passage OneFrancois Jacob wrote that“an age or culture is characterized less by the extent of its knowledge than by the nature of the questions it puts forward.” 66 .Admittedly, the most brilliant cultures are developed during the days of knowledge acquirement. 67 . Many convincing examples can be given when looking back to the cultural development of these countries. The most influential Chinese culture flourished during Tang Dynasty, which was established a thousand years ago. This influence can be traced by the word“Tang Street”, another name for Chinatown. And it was during the same time that the Chinese acquired more knowledge than they had before.68 However, when compared with the knowledge people have acquired and are acquiring today, the knowledge of the ancient Tangs and Arabs is unquestionably limited. But in all history books, the cultures of the Tang Dynasty and the ancient Arab are introduced in detail, while the cultures of the People’s Republic of China and the Arab League are seldom mentioned.69 . For instance, the ancient Greeks and Romans’knowledge about nature was definitely insufficient, but they are still recognized as the founders of the most magnificent ages and cultures in human history because the questions put forward and thought about by them were profound and meaningful. In the works of the Greeks and Romans represented by The Iliad, The Odyssey and The Aeneid, the questions concerning life and death, love and hatred, benevolence and malevolence and individual and society are raised. People can always draw inspirations from Achilles’s different attitudes towards death in the Iliad and the Odyssey and Aeneas’s choice from love and glory. 70 .The importance of an era or civilization can never be diminished because of its lack of knowledge. The essence of an age or culture should be the exploration in the spiritual world and the thoughtful questions posed.A. The Arabian culture thrived when the Arabians learnt the application of arithmetic and created Arabic numbers.B. These remain the questions people face, contemplate and discuss till today.C. In general, cultures are developed during the time of knowledge acquirement.D. This statement reveals that the nature of an epoch or civilization is decided by the things that are thought about, rather than the things that are already known.E. This is probably a universal truth for all countries and nations that boast impressive histories.F. Compared with knowledge, the questions put forward are more significant in an age or culture.Passage TwoOver the past two decades, the lives of American women have undergone unparalleled change. The Virginia Slims Opinion Poll has chronicled that change in national surveys conducted six times since 1970. 71 .One of the most striking findings of the 1990 Virginia Slims Opinion Poll is the degree of consensus—rather than conflict—in women’s and men’s attitudes about the changing roles of women. In many respects, the two sexes agree. Men express strong and consistent support for women’s improved status in society. 72 And they agree that the most tangible way in which they could help women balance jobs and family is to take on more household work.But men are also a major cause of resentment and stress for American women. 73 Now, a generation of sweeping change later, women’s expectations have outpaced the change in men’s behavior. Token help with the dishes or the children no longer inspires women’s gratitude. 74 .Increasingly, the kitchen table has become that bargaining table. 75 Next to money, “how much my mate helps around the house”is the single biggest cause of resentment among women who are married or living as if married, with 52 percent citing this as a problem. Improvement in this area is one of the top things women。
中科院考博英语 培训资料 完形填空
2007年考博辅导完型填空命题特点和考查点•对英语综合实力的考查，所选材料的内容和形式多样，议论或说明文居多。
考点分布•1. 无需上下文即可选出正确答案，固定搭配。
2-3个•2. 根据上下文连接关系推测。
4-5个•3. 根据全文褒贬色彩选择。
1-2个•4. 词语辨析及搭配。
5-8个重复率较高的词汇•other than•rather than•more than•less than•As重复率较高的语法虚拟语气：与现在事实相反（条件从句过去式If…did；结果主句should/would + v.）与过去事实相反（条件从句If…had + past participle；结果主句should/would + have + past participle）与将来事实相反（条件从句过去式；结果主句should/would + v.）定语从句关联词(关系副词)when, where, why 可做时间、地点、原因等状语关联词(关系代词)who, whom, whose, that, which可做主语、宾语、定语等As, than, but作关系代词All, everything, nothing, little, much, first, last, next, only当一个先行词后面出现两个定语从句时，第二个关系代词用‘wh-’状语从句•时间状语从句•地点状语从句•原因状语从句•since, for, because, as等•结果状语从句•with the result that, so that等•程度状语从句•so… that, such that, s o long as•目的状语从句•so that,in order that•让步状语从句•although, for all that,no matter…•条件状语从句（真实条件）•if,unless, given。
答题需注意处1. 通读全文，从整体角度掌握文章大意2. 结合上下文内容的合理性及句子之间的逻辑关系选择最佳答案完形填空练习中，有些解题信息并非以词的形式出现，而是要从上文或下文的部分句子或整个句子甚至几个句子去捕捉。
中国科学院考博英语-7
中国科学院考博英语-7(总分：99.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：11.50)1.Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.（分数：0.50）A.incentive √B.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive解析：incentive刺激，诱因，动机；initiative主动，首创精神，进取心，如：take the initiative(采取主动)；fugitive逃亡者；captive指“俘虏”。
根据句子大意，正确选项应是incentive。
2.While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ______ some important museums and buildings. （分数：0.50）A.visiting √B.travelingC.watchingD.touting解析：[解析] visit指“访问，参观、拜访人、参观地方或事物的行为或例子”。
如I visited museums and sat in public gardens．我参观了博物馆，还在公园里坐过。
travel和tour表示“旅行”；watch意为“观看，注视”。
因此，根据句意应选A。
3.The profession fell into ______, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.（分数：0.50）A.harmonyB.turmoil √C.distortionD.accord解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：这个领域陷入了混乱：一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些则提出了大爆炸理论。
中科院历年2004-考博英语真题答案
20XX年3月试题答案21.A provide, satisfy和offer三个动词之后都不跟动词不定式。
只有equip可用于equipsomebody to do something，表示“给某人做某事所需的信息或技能”。
22.D 此句是一个强调句型。
disposition配置，安排；distinction区分，差异；distribution分配，销售；disruption分裂；破裂。
显然只有D符合句子的意思。
23.B stick to坚持；turn to(注意力)转向；lead to 导致；take to喜欢，开始从事。
句子意思为“最后，让我们转向一个很重要的问题，……”，所以B是正确答案。
24.C pertinent相关的，贴切的；fruitful多产的，有收获的；detrimental有害的；casual偶然的，随便的。
显然只有detrimental符合本句的语境。
25.C 该句意思为“在法律规定的范围内”。
只有constraint(约束，强制)具有此意。
guideline指导性原则；definition定义；identity身份。
26.D 由according to the age and sixe of the child 可知equally（平均地）、sufficiently（充足地）可被排除；individually（单独地，个别地）显然也不合题意。
只有proportionally （按比例地，均衡地）适合本句的意思。
27.A 由句意可知此处应填有“包含”意义的词。
四个选项中只有embrace（包括，包含）符合。
encourage鼓励；exaggerate夸张，夸大；elaborate详细阐述。
28.A by virtue of 由于；in addition to 除此之外；for the sake of 为了；as opposed to相对于。
可以看出只有A符合句意。
29.B contribute to有助于;account for解释，说明；identify with使等同于，认为……一致；leave out 省去，不考虑。
2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．In a materialistic and______society people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.A．adaptiveB．addictiveC．acquisitiveD．arrogant正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：adaptive适应的；addictive上瘾的；acquisitive想获得的，有获得可能性的，可学到的；arrogant傲慢的，自大的。
2．Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live______.A．subtlyB．frugallyC．explicitlyD．cautiously正确答案：B解析：各项的意思是：subtly敏锐地，精细地，巧妙地；frugally节约地，节省地；explicitly明白地，明确地；cautiously慎重地。
3．Doctors must inform______parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.A．protectiveB．respectiveC．prospectiveD．perspective正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：protective给予保护的，保护的；respective分别的，各自的；prospective预期的；perspective透视面法，透视图。
2016年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Google is not the only search utility in town, but it comes with such a(n) ______collection of tools to focus your search that it is the engine of choice for many of us.A．comparableB．formidableC．innumerableD．compatible正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词的语义。
A可比较的；B强大的；C无数的；D兼容的。
该句的大意为：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它强大的工具集合能够专注搜索，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。
2．The defect in David’s character has______him from advancement in his career.A．exemptedB．forbiddenC．underminedD．hindered正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词的语义。
A免除；B禁止；C破坏；D阻碍。
该句的大意为：大卫性格上的缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。
3．The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a (n) ______.A．allusionB．seclusionC．illusionD．confusion正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词的语义。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．This is only a______agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far.A．tentativeB．localC．decisiveD．kidding正确答案：A解析：形容词词义辨析。
tentative“试验性的，尝试的，暂定的”；local“地方的，当地的”；decisive“决定性的”；kidding“戏弄的，玩笑的”。
题中所填的词修饰的是agreement，后文中对这个协议做了说明：真正的还未达成。
显然所填的词应当与“真正的”表达的意思相反。
故答案为A。
2．Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of______.A．radiationB．cancerC．microwavesD．high temperature正确答案：A解析：名词词义辨析。
radiation“辐射，放射线，放射物”；cancer“癌症”；microwaves“微波”；hightemperature“高温”。
根据句中the nuclear power station 提供的语境，只有radiation符合句意。
故答案为A。
3．A______refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not form an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A．mammothB．penguinC．mosquitoD．mammal正确答案：D解析：上下文语义。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：49
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. (1) Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgment or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, and they are subject to sudden accesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. (2) The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. (3) They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist’s stock in trade. Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. (4) Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification. (5) There are no grays in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be even partially right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or, if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. The morally squeamish intellectual may be shocked by this kind of thing. But the masses are always convinced that right is on the side of the active aggressor.”【答案】【参考译文】（1）群体具有与其组成成员同等水平的道德和智慧；然而人群是混乱的，没有自己的目标，除了理智的行动和现实的思考之外，它什么都能做。
2007年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but______ and more gradually than now seems desirable.A．reluctantlyB．unwittinglyC．impulsivelyD．anxiously正确答案：A解析：A项的意思是“不情愿地”，B项的意思是“无意地”，C项的意思是“有推动力地”，D项的意思是“焦虑地”。
句子的意思是“海外政府不情愿地减少了支出，而且逐步减少才比较合理”，所以答案是A。
2．In fear for their lives and in______of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.A．wayB．viewC．visionD．pursuit正确答案：D解析：A项way意为“方法”，B项view意为“观点”，C项vision意为“光景，视野”，D项pursuit意为“追求”，in pursuit of their freedom意为“追求他们的自由”，所以答案是D。
3．If I could envisage a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis in Iraq, I would not have entitled my speech “The______Problem”.A．InstantB．InverseC．InsolubleD．Intact正确答案：C解析：本句用的是虚拟语气，意思是“如果我能找到一个合理的、全面快速解决伊拉克危机的方法，我就不会把演讲的题目定为……”，言下之意是目前解决的方法还没有找到。
中科院博士题历年难点词汇汇总
1
2
词组
5
形近词
12
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13
词组
14 15
副词 固定搭配
16
形容词
17
词组
hold up，举起，阻挡，拦截；keep off，让开，不接近； take back，拿回，撤销；put off，推迟，扔掉，阻止。 marginal，边缘的，末端的，临界的； minor，较小的，次要的；eccentric，古怪的，反常的； distinctive，有特色的，与众不同的。 sexist，性别主义者；ethnic，种族的，人种的； gracious，和蔼的，亲切的；classic，古典的，传统的。 with regard to，关于，至于； by virtue of，由于，凭借； on account of，由于，因为。
题号
考察内容 或出错原因 动词
分析说明 ignore，忽视；deny，拒不给予某人，阻止某人获得； refuse，拒绝，回绝；neglect，忽视，忽略。 against the will of，违背意愿； in the way of，阻挡，阻碍； at the mercy of，受…支配； in terms of，以…的观点，以…的方式。 respecting，关于，说到；respected，受尊敬的； respectful，尊敬的；respective，各自的。 at will，随意；at ease，自在，不拘束； at times，有时，不时；at odds，不一致。 subject to，服从某事物，受某人或某事支配； susceptible to，易受某事物影响； accountable for，负责； crazy about，狂热，热衷。 consequently，最后，因此；accordingly，相应地； successfully，成功地；excessively，过度地。 take a fancy to，喜欢上，爱上。 pessimistic，悲观的；complacent，自满的； perplexed，困惑的，不知所措的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：22
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Toyota said on Tuesday that it will（） its annual year-end sales event early.问题1选项A.give awayB.fix onC.kick offD.bring up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
give away “放弃，分发”；fix on “确定，固定”；kick off “开始”；bring up“提出，养育”。
句意：星期二，丰田汽车公司宣布将提前开展其一年一度的年终促销活动。
选项C符合句意。
2.单选题I looked at Mum and thought（） she was as nice as she looked maybe all our lives would have been better.问题1选项A.only ifB.if onlyC.even ifD.even though【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。
only if只有；even if = even though即使；if only “要是……就”；句意为：我注视着母亲，心想：要是她像看上去那么和蔼可亲就好了，这样我们的生活也许会变得更好。
选项B符合句意。
3.单选题Mist steals silently in, turns familiar landscapes strange, dampens sounds, ________ vision—then clears suddenly and without warning.问题1选项A.spoilsB.blowsC.tearsD.blurs【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. spoils 破坏，糟蹋B. blows 吹，刮C. tears 撕裂，撕开D. blurs 视线模糊，看不清【考查点】动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：47
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a （）.问题1选项A.allusionB.seclusionC.illusionD.confusion【答案】C【解析】考察名词辨析。
allusion “暗示”；seclusion “与世隔绝”；illusion “幻想；错觉”；confusion“混乱；困惑”。
句意：认为商业运营能够完全脱离政府援助的这种观点是一种幻想。
选项C 符合句意。
2.单选题The closer one can get to reality, the easier the learning by the student,（） that the necessary knowledge has been given previously to facilitate comprehension.问题1选项A.soB.despiteC.suchD.provided【答案】D【解析】考察连词辨析。
so 因此，despite 尽管，such 如此；provided that “如果，假设”;句意：如果先前已经学习了能够帮助理解的必要知识，那么距离现实越近，学习就会越容易。
选项D符合句意。
3.单选题The Egyptians used to believe that literacy was divine. Scholars no longer ________ that theory, but why ancient civilizations developed writing was a mystery for a long time.问题1选项A.embraceB.involveC.formulateprehend【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. embrace 接受，采纳B. involve 包含，牵涉C. formulate 制订，规划D. comprehend 理解，领悟【考查点】动词辨析。
2012年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．John made______keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.A．facilitatedB．sophisticatedC．duplicateD．intricate正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词的语义，同时也是一道语境题。
A便利的；B老于世故的，复杂的、精密的；C复制的，完全一样的；D错综复杂的。
该句的大意为：约翰配了两把完全一样的家里钥匙：一把给他太太；另一把他自己留着。
2．It’s difficult to be great without being ______: a doctor should never belittle a patient’s concerns, regardless of how trivial they may seem to the doctor.A．patheticB．compassionateC．fussyD．sentimental正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词的语义。
A引起怜悯的，可怜的；B有同情心的；C 易激怒的，爱挑剔的；D感情用事的。
该句的大意为：伟大的人都具有同情心：医生绝不应该轻视病人所担心的事，不管他们担心的事在医生看来有多么的不重要。
3．Marriage is based upon the complete willingness of the two parties. Neither party shall use ______and no third party is allowed to interfere.A．collisionB．compensationC．compulsionD．collaboration正确答案：C解析：本题考查题干中两句话的逻辑关系和名词语义，是一道语境题。
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中科院考博英语历年真题必背固定搭配in question讨论中的;谈及的;争论中的in/with respect of/to关于in return回报;付给in search of寻找;搜寻;查究in secret/private/public私下;暗地/不公开;私下;秘密地/当众;公开地in short/brief/sum简言之;总之in spite of虽然;不管;不顾;纵使in support of维护…;支持…;证实…in that因为in/under the circumstances在这种情况下;考虑到这种情况in the course of在…期间;在…的过程中in the end最后;最终;结果;终归in the face of面临;不顾(反对等)in the first place起初;首先;早先(not)in the least/the least bit一点(也不);丝毫(不);(常用于强调否定)in the long/short run结果;最后/暂时：目前in the name of在…的名下;以…的名义;为…的缘故in no/good time立刻;马上，一转眼工夫;迅速地;恰好in vain徒劳;无益in view of鉴于;考虑到independent of独立于…之外;不依赖…的;不受…支配的inform of告诉;报告;通知insist(on/upon)坚决主张;坚决要求;坚持认为;定要;坚持要instead of代替;而不是interfere with干涉;干预;妨碍;干扰;影响involve in涉及;卷入;陷入;使进入;使连累join in参加;加入jump to a conclusion草率决定;贸然断定keep down控制，限制，;低下;蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压;忍住了呕吐;缩减keep from隐瞒，瞒住;避开;使免于keep off驱散;避开;防止，挡住;不接近keep on继续…;不停地…keep to恪守;遵守;遵循;按…办;坚持(做)keep to the(a)minimum控制到最低限度;尽可能短(少)keep under control控制(监视等)keep up(with)跟上;赶上;保持;不落在后面;及时了解(情况)knock down拆除;拆卸;打倒，撞倒;使减价knock off下班，停止工作;减低，扣掉;匆忙做完(写完)knock out敲出;击倒;击昏;使失效;匆匆做好;(药物)使入睡knock over打翻know of/about知道;听说lack of不够;不足;没有laugh off一笑置之;把…当儿戏lay down放下;放弃(想法态度等);拟订(计划等);兴建;规定;制定lay off暂时解雇;休息;休养lay out展开;铺开;摆开;说明，表达(想法等);设计;布置;准备人殓lead the way向导;领路;引路lead to领;带;导向;通向;通往;导致;造成leak out走漏(消息等);(水，煤气等)泄露lean on对…施加压力;讹诈;逼迫;倚靠;依靠leave behind抛弃;忘记带;把…拉下;落后leave out遗漏;省去;删去;不考虑lead to把…借给;把钱贷给;使…增添了…,使…有了let alone更不用说;更别提let down使(人)失望;放下;放(长)衣服;不支持let off免除;放过;放掉(气);放(枪);引爆(炸弹);准许…暂时停止工作let out释放;放走;放(水，气);出租(房屋);把(衣服)放大level off/out稳定;持平;整平;弄平;水平飞行line up排队;列队;整顿;排列整齐;排成行;安排妥当;与…站在一起live on/by继续活着;靠…生活;以食…为生/按照或遵循…(准则)而生活;靠…过活live through渡过;熬过live up to配得上。
不愧于;不负;按，…行事;使行为和…相符live with接(忍)受(令人不快的事物等)long for渴望;向往look after照看;照管look at看;查看;考虑;对待look down on/upon小看…;蔑视…look for寻找;寻求;期望;指望look forward to盼望;期待look into调查;深入了解;研究look like看上去像;似将;好像要look out当心;注意;警惕;查出;找出;挑选look over检阅;检查look to求助;有赖于;注意;照顾;look up to尊敬lose contact/touch(with)失去联系;联络中断lose/save one’s face丢脸;失去自尊与别人的信任/保全名声;留面子lose/keep one’s head发怒;慌张;失去理智，(头脑)发昏/保持镇静;不慌不忙lose/keep trace/track(of)不知下落;失去联系/跟踪;密切注视…的动向major in主修;专攻make away/off with携…而逃;干掉。
杀死;(钱)挥霍掉make(a/an)effort/face/friends/fuss/living/move/no difference/noise努力;尽力/做鬼脸;与…交朋友/大吵大闹/谋生/动身;采取行动;无所谓：没关系/嚷嚷，胡搅make for往…走去;向…前进;有助于;促进make good成功;兑现诺言;实现;补偿;消除不良影响make light/little of不放在眼里;等闲视之/轻视;贬抑make out理解;看清楚;辨认;起草(文件等);假装;填写;开(票等)make room/way(for)给…让出(地方，路)make sense(love/money/peace/use)有意义;讲得通;有道理(做爱/挣钱/讲和/使用)make sure/certain确保;确实;务必make the best/most of善于处理…;充分利用(使用)make up化妆;配制;调制;整理床铺(房间);组成;构成;编造，捏造;和解，言归于好;弥补;补偿many(of)(…中的)许多mark out划出边线;标出界线may/might as well不妨…;还是…的好;最好…meet/satisfy the need满足需要mix up把…搞混，混淆;搞乱more often than not通常;多半no matter+what-word不管…;无论…no/none other than不是别人，正是…;恰恰是no wonder难怪;不足为奇not nearly远非;远不及;相差很远not to mention/speak of更不用说;更不必说now that既然object to反对;抗议;不支持occur to突然想到(一个主意等)off and on时而;断断续续地on a large/small scale大批量;大规模川、批量;小规模on account of因为on(an/the)average平均;平均说来on behalf of代表某人;为某人;以某人名义on condition that若…则;在…的条件下;只要…就on earth究竟;到底;全然，一点也(强调否定);世界上on end竖立着;立;连续不断on guard/the watch值班警戒;看守/密切注视;守候on purpose故意;意欲on/for sale出售;上市;廉价出售/出售(尤指私房，私车等物)on show/view展览;展出/公展on the basis/grounds/understanding that基于…;以…为基础/因为/以…为条件,如果on the contrary正相反;然而;可是;相反地on the point of正要…(的时候);正打算on the side/part of支持;在…一边/代表…;就…而言on the spot在现场;当场;立即on the whole总体上;从整体来看;基本上on trail受审;在试验中;试行;试用once and for all最后一次;无疑地;彻底地;永远地once in a while b时而;有时one...after another/after the other一个接一个;接连;挨次or else否则;要不然or rather毋宁说;更确切地说or so大约，差不多other than除…之外;不同于;非out of(breath/condition/date/the question/work)呼吸急促/身体欠佳/过时的/不可能的/失业over and over(again)一次又一次;反复owing to由于，因为pass away去世;死;消失;消磨(时间);停止;结束pass by从旁经过;忽略;回避;不予理会pass for被认为是，被当作…;冒充…pass off逐渐消失;不加理会，回避;顺利;进行;把…冒充为，假称是pass on传给;传下去;转入，往下谈;去世pass out失去知觉.晕倒：死掉pass over不管.略而不谈：不计较，不追究;过去;去世pass through穿过，通过;经历，经受;上完(大学)pass the way(for)为铺平道路;为…做好准备;使…更易pay back偿还;报复pay for付…的钱，赔偿;为…付代价;得到报应pay off偿还掉，付掉;把工钱付掉;付掉工资加以解雇;有利可图;有报偿;是值得的，合算pay up偿还(欠款)，全部付清pick out认出;辨出;选择;挑出pick up拾起;拿起;慢慢爬起身来;(开车)去接;逮捕;偶然学得;得(病);恢复(健康等);挣一笔钱pile up堆集;成堆;积累;增集play a part/role(in)在…方面起作用play down使(某事)显得不重要;贬低;缩小play on/upon利用(别人的情绪等以达到自己的目的)play out演完，做完;用光;使破产;使精疲力竭;输光play a trick(joke)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。