中国财政科学研究院2020年《英语》考博专业课真题试卷
财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业吕旺实投资经济与财政考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业吕旺实投资经济与财政考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业计划招收博士生43人，下设4个研究方向，分别为财政理论与政策、财政理论与税收、宏观调控与财政、投资经济与财政。
二、考试的科目专业代码、名称及研究方向指导教师招生人数考试科目14投资经济与财政吕旺实2 1.英语、日语、俄语、法语、德语任选一。
2.专业基础知识：经济学综合（包括政治经济学和西方经济学）。
3.专业知识：投资经济与财政（包括财政基础理论、投资理论与政策）。
三、导师介绍吕旺实，男，1954年10月出生。
博士学位。
博导、研究员职称。
现任财政部财政科学研究所外国财政研究室主任。
学术兼职：财政学会外国财政研究委员会秘书长。
主要研究领域：外国财政。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：8
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.问题1选项A.shall stayB.have stayedC.will have stayedD.have been staying【答案】C【解析】考查时态。
句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲待两个星期了。
将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作；其结构为主语+shall/will have been+表语。
根据语境，动作在将来某一时间前已经完成，C选项will have stayed符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.翻译题46. 当有人对我说，他们喜爱动物是因为动物有感情，然后又虐待动物，我就对他们说，幸亏他们不喜欢我。
(4 points)47. 贫困国家转变富裕国家靠的是投资开发自然资源，并借助教育和技术的转移项目提高人力资源和技术资源。
(5 points)48. 有一些人，他们之所以关心经济发展，或是因为他们认为发展经济是发展中国家人民需要实现的目标，或是因为他们认为只有经济增长率达到令人满意的程度才能保证政治稳定。
(5 points)49. 失去理想是人们可能会犯的一个重大错误，这就是为什么我们应该奋力向前并且相信我们自己，无论选定的目标看起来多么遥不可及，我们都应争取实现。
(6 points) 【答案】46. When people tell me that they love animals because animals have feelings, but torture them, I tell them it’s a good thing they don’t like me.47. The transition from poor to rich countries is achieved by investment in the development of natural resources and the promotion human and technological resources through education and technology transfer projects.48. There are those who are concerned about economic development, either because they believe that economic development is a goal that people in developing countries need to achieve, or because they believe that political stability can be ensured only if the economic growth rate reaches a satisfactory level.49. Losing our ideals is a big mistake people can make, which is why we should push forward and believe in ourselves. No matter how reachless the chosen goal may seem, we should strive to achieve it.3.翻译题Section B: Chinese to English (20 points)Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET. 41. 最近，国际货币基金组织的负责人申明，面对各国政府保护主义上升势头，各国领导人之间的全球合作和互相理解，对提升目前的经济复苏是必须的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第1期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device ______ in Congress.问题1选项A.for counting votesB.that counting votesC.counts votesD.counted votes【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。
句意：托马斯•爱迪生的第一个专利发明是在国会计算选票的装置。
A选项for counting votes表明了装置的目的，放在句子里作后置定语，符合逻辑和语法，故正确。
B选项that counting votes用that引导定语从句应该使用谓语动词counts而不是表示主动语态的非谓语动词counting，故错误；同理，C选项counts votes应该添加that，故错误。
D选项counted votes的被动语态不符合装置主动发出计票动作的语境，故错误。
因此A选项正确。
2.翻译题40. 地球快速变暖到了非常严峻的程度，而世界上最贫穷的国家成了极端气候的最大受害者。
未来的气候变化可能带来更频繁和更严重的洪涝、旱灾和其他极端气候事件，发展中国家至今还没有良好的能力对付它们。
41. 即使现在，地球上最贫穷的十亿人口所产生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十亿人口占了全球排放的50%。
全球还有16亿人口无法获得现代能源，没有能源，国家就不能繁荣。
富国只有采取强有力的行动以腾出一些大气层的“污染空间”，当低收入国家在将来开始更多排放时，才可能使全球排放达到重新平衡。
42. 未来十年发生的事情将深刻影响可供我们后代进行的选择。
延迟或不采取行动的代价是非常高的，我们必须现在就行动，必须用全人类的聪明才智和合作精神，来对付气候危机。
43. 虽然越来越多的人都知道气候变暖，相信需要采取行动，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在机会面前并没有采取行动。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：7
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题______ he gave up the speech.问题1选项A.At a loss for a wordB.While at a loss for a wordC.When at a loss for a wordD.If at a loss for a word【答案】A【解析】考查原因状语。
句意：他想不出一个词来，只好放弃演讲。
横线部分是原因状语。
根据选项内容可知横线部分不是从句而是短语，句子还原成：He gave up the speech at a loss for a word. A选项At a loss for a word符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题What do you think of Tom’s proposal that ______ put on the play at tonight’s ceremony?问题1选项A.we will notB.we notC.we hadn’tD.we wouldn’t 【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order, command）、三个建议（advise, suggest, propose）、四个要求（demand, require, request, ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项we not符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题Their signing of the treaty was regarded as conspiracy against the British Crown.问题1选项A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题(36) For many, the global financial and economic crisis has confirmed existing anti-globalization sentiments and is being reflected in opposition to more liberalized trade. Under the dislocation caused by the financial crisis, many countries are attempting to curtail imports or impose other restrictions on trade. At both the G-20 Leaders’ Summit and the meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors, participants agreed to fight all forms of protectionism and maintain open trade. However, in March 2009, World Trade Organization Director-General Pascal Lamy stated that members of the WTO were showing a “worrying tendency toward increased trade protectionism as a result of the deepening global economic crisis.”(37) The overt forms of protectionism or beggar-thy-neighbor policies are limited by rules countries have agreed to as members of the WTO. However, there is ample scope, for increases in trade barriers that are consistent with WTO rules and obligations, including increases in applied tariffs to higher bound levels. If all WTO members raised their currently applied tariff to today’s WTO bound rates, tariffs worldwide would double. The WTO has said that such increases in trade barriers could cause world trade to shrink by up to 8% and reduce global welfare by up to $350 billion.Almost any government intervention into economic activity affects international trade and capital flows. Since government intervention generally is influenced by political considerations and may involve tax dollars, it usually favors domestic constituencies at the expense of foreign constituencies. (38) A danger in the process of recovering from the global financial crisis is that countries may try to capture a larger share of a declining volume of international trade rather than attempt to induce recovery in trade flows by helping their macro-economies return to health. In the United States, the “BUY American” provision in the February 2009 stimulus package has been characterized by some as a step down the slippery slope leading to protectionism and a sign, worrying to many, that the United States may not be a leader of the free-trade initiatives in the years ahead. The European Union has raised questions about whether its provisions are compatible with U.S. international trade commitments even though the provision applies only to steel, iron, and manufactured goods used in construction projects and language was included that the provision “shall be applied in a manner consistent with United States obligations under internatio nal agreements.” (39) The criticism from other nations of this provision appears to be based on both its presumed effects and the fear that even a relatively small “Buy American” provision at this time could set a precedent that could open the floodgates and provide the excuse for a cycle of “creeping protectionism” by other nations.【答案】36. 对许多人来说，全球金融和经济危机证实了现有的反全球化情绪，并且反映在反对更加自由化的贸易。
中国财政科学研究院-2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试-英语试题
中国财政科学研究院-2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试-英语试题中国财政科学研究院2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part One: Structure and Writing Expression (15 points):Directions:There are 15 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. None of these students, including the one who passed today’s test ________ is thestandard of last year’s students.A. toB. up toC. withD. on2. The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period on recoveryfrom a recession, but the conditions that conspired to cause the recession were also ________.A. hearteningB. fascinatingC. ambiguousD. atypical3. The stock market declined sharply, and rampant business investment slumped.Then an ensuing spate on scandals ________ public trust in the way companies were run.A. consolidatedB. illuminatedC. weakenedD. celebrated4. And yet, despite these powerful ________ to growth, the recession provedsurprisingly mild.A.CounterforceB. stimulantsC. concomitantsD. manipulation5. The governor might conceivably find a genuine resolution to the budgetarydilemma, but she may be tempted to engage in a deception: a ________ exercise in fiscal prudence.A. rigorousB. blatantC. speciousD. convincing6. While the company’s CEO professes to be confident and urges the deal forward,its investors are unlikely to be so ________ about its prospects. Many were uncomfortable at the way the corporation was forced to spend much of its capitalin last year’s expansion, and this new venture is potentially even more risky.A. apatheticB. sanguineC. apprehensiveD. anxious7. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily ________:each may, and usually does, possess features of the other.A. subversiveB. efficaciousC. untenableD. dichotomous8. The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to itscounterparts in other nations. It retains this potency partly because its contr ol of the nation’s banking system is unencumbered by governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely ________.A. discretionaryB. bureaucraticC. compulsoryD. lucrative9. Although the insistence on balancing spending against tax revenues hascontributed to the economy’s stagnation, unfortunately, the government does not seem likely to ________ this rigid policy.A. persist inB. initiateC. repudiateD. continue10. You cannot be ________ careful when you drive a car.A. veryB. tooC. soD. enough11. You have nothing to ________ by refusing to listen to our advice.A. gainB. graspC. seizeD. earn12. We have planned an exciting publicity ______ with our advertisers.A. struggleB. conflictC. battleD. campaign13. Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to ________the sum of minutes in a person’s life (over 52 million, optimistically assuming a life expectancy of 100 years), so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.A. augmentB. quantifyC. enrichD. justify14. Many innovative breakthroughs come about when people venture beyond theirown areas of expertise, because often it takes an outsider to ask the na?ve question that may yield _______ solution.A. a constructiveB. an unconventionalC. an agreeableD. a practical15. People tend to ________ how distinct their own lives are,so the commonalitythey enjoy with other people seem to them a series of small miracles.A. denyB. overlookC. exaggerateD. ignorePart Two: Reading Comprehension (20 Points)Directions:In this section there are 4 passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1 (5 points)One of the principal themes of Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer's case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of "a radical redistribution of wealth" is presented in a widely cited essay entitled "In Defense of Equality.”The most striking feature of Walzer's critique is that, far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities----"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creativity, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work----even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion." Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet, under capitalism, the ability to make money ("the green thumb ofbourgeois society") enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good," such as the respect and esteem of others.The centerpiece of Walzer’s argument is the invocation of a quotation from Pascal's Pensees, which concludes: "Tyranny is the wish to obtain by one means what can only be had by another." Pascal believes that we owe different duties to different qualities. So we might say that infatuation is the proper response to charm, and awe the proper response to strength. In this light, Walzer characterizes capitalism as the tyranny of money (or of the ability to make it). And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality "the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere". What Walzer envisions is a society in which wealth is no longer convertible into social goods with which it has no intrinsic connection. Walzer’s argument is a puzzling one. After all, why should those qualities unrelated to the production of material goods be rewarded with material goods? Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal’s sense, to insist that those who excel in "sensitivity” or "the ability to express compassion" merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as "the capacity for hard work") essential in producing wealth? Yet Walzer's argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism----namely, that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable: in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental inproducing the increase in its wealth.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.问题1选项A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。
句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。
C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Bankers have been blaming themselves for their trouble in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives”. Yet ban k shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls “the use of judgment by managers.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McGreevy, a European commissioner, warmed the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” an d that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.31. Bankers complained that they were forced to ________.32. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in ________.33. According to Paragraph 4, McGreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to ________.34. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they ________.35. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is the one of ________.A.follow unfavorable asset evaluation rulesB.collect payments from third partiesC.cooperate with the price managersD.reevaluate some of their assets问题2选项A.the diminishing role of managementB.the revival of the banking systemC.the banks’ long-term asset lossesD.the weakening of its independence问题3选项A.keep away from political influencesB.evade the pressure from their peersC.act on their own in rule-settingD.take gradual measures in reform问题4选项A.misinterpreted marked price indicatorsB.exaggerated the real value of their assetsC.neglected the likely existence of bad debtsD.denied booking losses in their sale of assets问题5选项A.satisfactionB.skepticismC.objectivenessD.sympathy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31.事实细节题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第83期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。
42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。
43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。
44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。
45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。
【答案】41. In order to invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure, we must comprehensively deepen reform.42. Despite the slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, we must continue to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living.43. Efforts should be made to promote Public-Private-Partnership in infrastructure, public utilities and other areas.44. We will fully promote the law-based governance of the country; move more swiftly to build an innovative, clean, service-oriented rule of law government.45. There is enormous potential in China’s market for energy conservation and environmental protection; energy conservation and environmental protection industry can develop into a new pillar of the economy.2.单选题We held a meeting to sum up our experience ______ we finish the work.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.whileC.immediatelyD.before【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第43期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题41.人类社会中的战争大体源于两方面的缺乏。
第一是资源的缺乏：争夺对国家安全和经济发展至关重要的稀缺战略资源往往是一国发动战争的重要动因。
第二是信任的缺乏：这种缺乏常常导致国家在宗教、文化、意识形态等方面的持续对抗，并由此引发军事冲突。
42.一方面，投资的滞后牵制了经济的增长，而另一方面，持续的消费热在一定程度上缓解了经济的衰退。
43.大学里学到的知识还相当粗浅，研究生阶段才开始研究学问，但在这个时期也只能算是初涉学术，更加注重的应是领悟研究的方法。
【答案】41. Wars in human society arise largely from two deficiencies. The first is the lack of resources: the scramble for scarce strategic resources, which are vital to national security and economic development, is often an important motivation for a country to launch a war. The second is a lack of trust: this lack has often led to ongoing rivalries between countries over religion, culture, ideology, etc., which leads to military conflicts.42. On the one hand, the lag of investment has held back economic growth, while on the other, the sustained consumption boom has alleviated the economic recession to a certain extent.43. What you are imparted during university is something quite superficial, and the research institutes of universities are just the places where knowledge is primarily studied. But even there you get only the first taste of learning where emphasis is on research methodology and practice.2.单选题______ divorce ourselves from the masses of the people.问题1选项A.In no time we shouldB.In no time should weC.At no time we shouldD.At no time should we【答案】D【解析】考查部分倒装和固定搭配。
2001年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2001年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解Part I: Select the best choice for each sentence（15 points）Example:I have been to Shanghai three times ______ 1995.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. from1. It is up to the government to tackle the air pollution problem and ______ measures in line with the council’s suggestions.A. set aboutB. work outC. fill upD. bring over【答案】B【解析】句意：处理空气污染问题，并根据委员会的提议采取措施是政府的责任。
work out 算出，制订出。
set about开始，散布（谣言等）。
fill up填补，装满。
bring over把…带来，使某人转变。
2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ______ there.A. not to goB. not goC. hadn’t goneD. wouldn’t go【答案】B【解析】suggest引导的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为（should）+do。
3. People throughout the world are eating ______ meat per person as they did in 1950.A. more than twiceB. twice much asC. twice as muchD. twice more【答案】C【解析】固定用法，倍数+as much/many as表示“几倍”。
4. In spite of the ______ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A. gloomyB. miserableC. shadowyD. obscure【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管经济预期不景气，制造业的产出仍有轻微上升。
财政部财科所考博英语历年试题题型分析
财政部财科所考博英语历年试题分析导言：考博英语真题的重要性全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。
1.考博英语试题的独特性众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。
而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。
首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。
并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方面而引起的错误和争议。
其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。
因其题目来源的独特性，我们研究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。
如果考生在考前了解了这一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。
所以考生考前精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
2.考博英语试题的作用考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。
指导作用。
通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。
规划作用。
考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第5期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The sculptural legacy that new United States ______ its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculptures as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople.问题1选项A.inherited fromB.inherited inC.adapted toD.adopted to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
A选项inherited from“从……继承……”；B选项inherited in非固定搭配；C选项adapted to“适应于”；D选项adopted to“采用”。
句意：新美洲从其殖民前辈那里______的雕塑遗产远不是丰富的，事实上，在1776年，雕塑作为一种艺术形式仍然在工匠和手艺人手中。
根据语境，A选项inherited from“从……继承……”搭配legacy“遗产”比较合理，意指从先辈那里继承的雕塑艺术遗产，符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题______ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.问题1选项A.He was deprived ofB.That he was deprived ofC.Although he was deprived ofD.Deprived of【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：由于没有了维持独立的经济来源，托马斯•爱迪生不得不去找个夜间电报员的工作。
2004~2006年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2004年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解Part I: Vocabulary (15 points):Directions:In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out yourchoice.1. The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt.A. controlB. shareC. grantD. segment【答案】A【解析】monopoly垄断，独占，专利。
control控制，支配。
share分享。
grant同意给予或允许，正式或依法给予某物。
segment切片，部分，片段。
2. It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.A. protectB. relieveC. conserveD. free【答案】A【解析】shield保护，防护。
protect保护。
relieve减轻，解除，救济。
conserve使（某物）不变质，保存。
free使自由。
3. During his lifetime he was lucky to accumulate quite a fortune.A. overtakeB. confrontC. gatherD. demonstrate【答案】C【解析】accumulate积累。
gather聚集。
overtake追上，赶上，压倒。
confront使面对，使对证。
demonstrate说明，论证，表述。
4. More and more people nowadays are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-conscious.A. given inB. giving outC. giving awayD. giving up【答案】D【解析】quit停止做某事。
2015年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解PART ONE: Grammar (15 points)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in thesentence or that best completes the sentence. Please write thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _____ the students’ potentiality is developed.A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which【答案】D【解析】句意：教学质量应以学生潜力发展的程度来衡量。
本题考查介词+which引导定语从句。
应该根据先行词来选择合适的介词。
由to some degree（某种程度上）固定搭配可知to which符合要求，答案选D。
2. Another food crop raised by Indians _____ strange to the European was called Indian corn.A. who wereB. that wereC. that wasD. who was【答案】C【解析】句意：另外一种印第安人培育的庄稼对欧洲人来说有点陌生，被称为印第安玉米。
本题考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知another food crop是主语，谓语动词是was called，raised by Indians过去分词短语做后置定语修饰主语，因此空白处引导一个定语从句。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第71期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Between 1897 and 1919, at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed ______.问题1选项A.has producedB.have been producedC.would have producedD.had been produced【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。
句意：1897年至1919年间，至少29部出现人造生命的电影被制作出来。
根据主语motion pictures和谓语动词produce的关系确定用被动语态，根据事件发生在过去以及were portrayed确定用过去完成时，D选项had been produced符合题意。
因此D选项正确。
2.单选题______ the First World War, the United States became the dominant force in the motion-picture, industry.问题1选项A.It was during the advent underB.With the advent ofC.To follow the advent inD.Upon the advent at【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。
句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。
advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项With the advent of“随着……的出现”符合语境。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题The profession fell into _______, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.问题1选项A.harmonyB.turmoilC.distortionD.accord【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
财政部财政科学研究所考博英语2013年试题及解析
2013年财科所博士研究生入学考试英语试题PART ONE: Grammar (10 points)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence or that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. ________ I have already mentioned, cardio surgery is one of the amazing new surgical techniques that have been developed in recent years.A. WhichB. WhatC. AsD. This2. We held a meeting to sum up our experience ________ we finish the work.A. incidentallyB. whileC. immediatelyD. before3. _________ that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.A. The truthB. It is trueC. If trueD. To be true4. Our modem civilization must not be thought of as _______ in a short period of time.havingcreatedcreated B.A.beingC. having been createdD. creating5. Sometimes _________ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.A. that is difficultB. is difficultC. it is difficultD. that is difficult6. The teacher said that he wouldn't tolerate ________ late every day.A. for me to arriveB. me arrivedC. me to arriveD. my arriving7. __________ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.A. He was deprived ofB. That he was deprived ofC. Although he was deprived ofD. Deprived of8. What do you think of Tom's proposal that ________ put on the play at tonight's ceremony?A. we will notB. we notC. we hadn'tD. we wouldn't9. In the last few years, intensive design and development effort _______ to the introduction of electronic exchanges.A. have been appliedB. has been appliedC. is being appliedD. would be applied10. Among the first plans to grow the land regions of Earth ________, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscriptionPART TWO: Cloze (5 points)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Please write your answer on the Answer SheetA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it 11 of a book, and, if a parent can produce 12 in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousinghis sadistic impulses. To prove the 13 , one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has had,_ 14 on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be Father a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children _15_dangerously terrified by some fairy stow. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the stow once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear 16 the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds 17 they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies 18 fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case 19_ sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick 20 covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy stow ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no same child has ever believed that it was.PART THREE: Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetPassage 1 (5 points)The word for "The Da Vinci Code" is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport of soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember), hi this gleefully erudite suspense novel. Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new book's prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that tiffs one gallery's length is three times that of the Washington Monument.) It embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. That's scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museum's alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardo's most famous drawing, "The Vitruvian Man." And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonacci's famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as "Harrison Ford in Harris tweed." Langdon's latest manuscript, which "proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial," is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the author's earlier prototypes: "Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence." Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old taking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to churn up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like. "And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?""The Da Vinci Code" is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters' own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. "Actually," Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, "that depends on how often you dust under your couch."21. Why does the author use the word "wow" to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?A. Became the word reads the same backwards.B. Became it is also linked to the sport of football.C. Became the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D. Became the novel is a bestseller22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Dan Brown, author of "The Da Vinci Code" has published so far four novels.B. The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Luvre.C. In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Spohie Neveu.D. The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women became Dan Brown is a fervent feminist.23. It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT______A. It is also a bestseller around the worldB. It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC. It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plotsD. It has achieved immense popularity with readers24. The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code isA. the engrossing prologueB. the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC. the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD. the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters25. The author's attitude towards "The Da Vince Code" isA. criticalB. indifferentC. affirmativeD. sarcasticPassage 2 (5 points)Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories,supervision have been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modem methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both public and private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.The manager's a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The tip manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All managers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers' efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial mangers employ specialists to keep machines working properly and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilities--even when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic devices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industry--not only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There are planning systems, organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.26. From the first paragraph, we know that______.A. industrial management depends on the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economiesB. industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.C. the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to do with industrial managementD. industrial management did not develop until the last fifty years27. The top manager________.A. is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficientlyB. gets other managers to choose and train themselvesC. manages other managers' operationsD. learns new techniques from other managers28. All managers employ_______.A. various methods to solve their practical and complex problemsB. specialists to keep machines working properlyC. workers who give on-the-j ob trainingD. advisers to handle practical and complex problems29.Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc._______.A. because the labor unions demand themB. just to improve the workers' moraleC. to obtain greater efficiency from workersD. to ensure the good working conditions30. The essence of all management functions is_______.A. to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterpriseB. the coordination of the functions of managementC. the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement of individual objectivesD. to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and controlPassage 3 (5 points)Millionaires can breathe a bit easier. While President Barack Obama says he wants to let income tax cuts that benefit only the wealthiest Americans expire in 2013, several states are rolling back tax increases for top earners.New York's highest tax rates on incomes exceeding $500,000 will fall back to 7.85 percent, from 8.97 percent, this year. Maryland's 6.25 percent tax on incomes above $1 million expired at the end of 2010, while California's top tax rate for Millionaires has dropped to 10.3 percent from 10.55 percent.At least seven states instituted temporary so-called millionaire taxes during the recession Those levies are becoming harder to justify now that state revenues are rebounding. Overall, state tax revenue grew 12 percent in April compared with a year earlier, which may trim $20 billion from estimated states budget shortfall, according to a recent Goldman Sachs (GS) report. The soak-the-rich drive "just petered out", says Joseph Henchman, vice president for legal and state projects at the Tax Foundation in Washington, a group focused on lowering taxes. "All of these states are backing away now."Business groups have been vocal opponents of the temporary hikes. The Business Council of New York State has opposed efforts to maintain the tax increase on the grounds that such measures are an indirect tax on business income. More business owners who are paid by partnerships or S corporations report business income on their individual returns. Kenneth J. Pokalsky, the Business Council's' senior director of government affairs, says 25 percent of revenue generated from the state's tax on higher earners came from business income. In California. the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, whose members include Bank of America (BAC), Apple (AAPL), and Microsoft (MSFT), along with 12 other business groups, have told lawmakers that tax increases should be extended only if lawmakers agree to "structural reform" of the budget.Republicans, who typically oppose tax hikes, now hold a majority of governorships-29-and many were elected last year after campaigning against tax increases. New Jersey governor Chris Christie, a Republican, received national attention after vetoing a bill that would have extended a tax on millionaires in the state.Some Democrats are also fighting the higher taxes. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo sparked a battle with fellow party members in the legislature earlier this year by opposing legislation that would maintain the higher rates on individuals earning more than $1 million. Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, a Democrat, didn't push to extend his State's millionaire tax last year. "I would like to think it's because these are not very good policies," Henchman says, "Ifyou're a conservative, you don't really like these taxes. If you're a liberal, these services should be so important that everyone should have to pay for them".The American public is almost evenly divided on the questions of whether the wealthy should shoulder a higher tax burden. A Gallup poll released on June 2 found 49 percent respondents opposed higher taxes on the rich, while 47 percent supported them.31. Barack Obama wants to________A. cut income tax in 2013B. extend millionaire tax to 2013C. benefit the wealthiest Americans by cutting income taxD. roll back tax increases for top earners32. ______is one of the possible reasons why state revenues revived?A. Initiating temporary millionaire taxes during the depressionB. Levying tax on at least seven states institutionsC. Trimming $20 billion from state budgetD. Estimating state budget shortfalls33. What can be inferred from Joseph Henchman's words?A. The state that instituted millionaire taxes are going to abolish it.B. All of these sates are focusing on the soak-the-rich drive now.C. The soak-the-rich drive has just started out.D. Only a handful of these states are focusing on lowering taxes.34. Which of the following statements about the Silicon Valley Leadership Group is correct?A. It was 15 members in total.B. It agrees to extend tax increase.C. It proposed to make a "structural reform" of the budget.D. It would agree the extension of tax increase provided that lawmakers agree to "structural reform" of the budget.35. Which is probably the best title for this passage?A. The Wealthy Are Willing to Shoulder a Higher Tax BurdenB. Obama Is Proposing an Income Tax CutC. Obama Is Proposing an Income Tax Cut ExtensionD. States Are Rejecting Millionaire TaxesPassage 4 (5 points)For a large number of young adults in Britain homeownership has become increasingly difficult to achieve, viewed as a distant goal attainable only later in life, if at all.That is a significant shift in Britain. For years owners occupy a higher percentage of homes in Britain than in the United States, France, or Germany. One reason homeownership is so attractive in Britain is because property values dropped less drastically than in the United States, in part because of a shortage in housing. Prices in some large cities, including London, have even increased recently. People still perceive a home to be a better and safer investment than a pension fund, said Andrew Hull, research fellow at the Institute for Public Policy Research. "Homeownership is also culturally entrenched," he said. "Owning a home is the main way of showing you made it."The big shift toward homeownership came in the 1980s when Mrs. Thatcher issued right-to-buy policy, which allowed many in rented government housing to buy their homes. Abouttwo million homes were sold, earning the government tens of billions of pounds. At the same time, the rental market became increasingly unattractive. Unlike Germany and other Continental European countries, Britain's private rental market is highly fragmented, with many landlords and laws that generally favor the property owner. Most leases are for six months only, with landlords rarely agreeing to commit to longer terms; this makes renting highly insecure.But as the pain of government-imposed austerity sinks in disposable income has shrunk and loan requirement have toughened, forcing more and more Britons into renting rather than buying. Over the last 10 years the number of people who owned homes here dropped to 67 percent from 70 percent. Meanwhile, the number of people in private rented house rose to 16 percent from 10 percent over the same period, according to the Office for National Statistics. Rising demand has pushed up rents by. an average of 4.4 percent over the last year, according to LSL Property Service. In London rents increased 7.8 percent."A growing number of young would-be buyers are preparing for lifelong-renting .... by necessity rather than choice,' said Jonathan Moore, director of easy roommate, co. uk, a property Web site. Charlotte Ashton, 30, has lived in rented accommodations ever since she left her parent's home to attend university. She said she was saving for a down payment to buy her own home. "I do believe in the fundamentals of owning bricks and mortar as security for the future, more than leaving my money in the banks as a low interest rate", said Ms. Ashton, who works in public relations. "But now it seems unless you have a very well paid job and are willing to save every penny, it's unfeasible to buy without the help of the bank of Mum and Dad."Some economists are concerned that as more people are forced to wait to buy a home, it could open up a widening of the wealth gap that already exists between homeowners and non homeowners, endangering the retirement prospects for a swelling group of young adults they call "generation rent." It could also have implications for the cohesion of neighborhoods, Alison Blackwell, a research director at the National Center for Social Research and author of the Halifax report said. Renters tend to be less involved in local communities because they are forced to move more often. And the economy as a whole may suffer because renters tend to curb spending to save for a deposit.36. For British people, buying house is__________.A. a distant goalB. a symbol of successC. a compulsory choiceD. nothing but an investment37. Mrs. Thatcher's right-to-buy policy has lead to_______A. the homeownership bustB. the economic recoveryC. the homeownership boomD. the economic recession38. Which of the following statements about Generation Rent is true?A. They consider renting as a lifelong plan rather than a temporary choiceB. They are in face of economic downturn and a risk of early retirementC. They despise the idea of asking parents for money to buy houseD. They still believe in the blessing of house just like their previous generation39. It can be inferred from the passage that_______.A. the rental market and the buying market always develop in reverse directionB. It is impossible for the first-time buyers to get a mortgage under current economic situationC. buying house is a more profitable investment than buying fund under current economic situationD. Britain's real estate market is less volatile than that of other European countries40. More people's inclination to rent rather than buy a house will not_____.A. enlarge the wealth disparity between the haves and have notsB reduce the renter's commitment to the communityC. slow the recovery of economyD. curb social mobilityPART FOUR (20 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.Human beings: in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.41 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus Subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversify in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth."Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of." By its very name, Anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind, Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 42. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.43. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropology analysis rests heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 44. Tylor defined culture as "....that complex whole which includes belief, art .morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." So profound in its simplicity, this insight opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.45. Thus, the Anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.PART FIVE (20 points)Directions: Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. Your translation must be written on the Answer Sheet.46．当有人对我说，他们喜爱动物是因为动物有感情，然后又虐待动物，我就对他们说，幸亏他们不喜欢我。
2020中科院博士英语
2020中科院博士英语English Answer:In the realm of scientific research, collaboration plays a pivotal role in driving innovation and accelerating progress. Through partnerships and interdisciplinary approaches, researchers can pool their expertise, share resources, and tackle complex challenges that may be beyond the reach of any individual.One of the most notable examples of successfulscientific collaboration is the Human Genome Project, an international effort that involved scientists from over 20 countries. By working together, they were able to decode the entire human genome in just 13 years, a feat that would have been impossible for any single laboratory to accomplish in such a short time frame.Another compelling example of collaboration is the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider.This groundbreaking achievement was the result of decadesof collaboration among thousands of scientists from over100 institutions. The massive scale of the experiment andthe complex data analysis required the collective effortsof a global team.Moreover, collaboration fosters an environment where diverse perspectives and ideas can be exchanged and challenged, leading to innovative breakthroughs. By working with colleagues with different backgrounds and expertise, researchers can gain new insights, identify new research directions, and approach problems from novel angles.Furthermore, collaboration facilitates the sharing of resources, such as equipment, data, and funding. This can significantly reduce the cost and time required forresearch projects, making it possible to pursue ambitious endeavors that would otherwise be financially orlogistically infeasible.In conclusion, scientific collaboration is an indispensable aspect of modern research, driving innovation,accelerating progress, fostering a diverse and challenging environment, and facilitating the sharing of resources. By working together, scientists can overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges and achieve scientific advancements that would be impossible through individual efforts alone.中文回答：在科学研究领域，合作在推动创新和加速进步方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Sometimes ______ to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.问题1选项A.that is difficultB.is difficultC.it is difficultD.that is difficult【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。
句意：有时很难把物理和化学分成不同类别。
It is difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很困难”，所以C选项it is difficult符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Teachers complain that children _______ these tests without being able to write a decent essay, solve a multi-step math problem or construct a framework.问题1选项A.look throughB.carry throughC.sail throughD.put through 【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。
A选项look through“浏览；仔细查看”；B选项carry through“（常指不顾困难）完成”；C选项sail through“轻易完成；顺利通过”；D选项put through“给……接通电话；使……遭受”。
句意：老师们抱怨说，孩子们没有写出一篇像样的文章、解决一个多步骤的数学问题或构建一个框架，在这种情况下_______这些测试。
根据语境，sail through“顺利通过”搭配tests“测试”比较合理，意指学生不做什么努力就通过测试了。
因此C选项正确。
3.单选题Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, ______ move about freely.问题1选项A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。
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You can choose one topic from the following two topics，and write a composition. You are allowed an hour (or 60 minutes) to write, and you should write no less than 300 words.
Topic 1: Deglobalization Will Hurt Economic Growth
Directions: The post-pandemic world economy seems likely to be a far less globalized economy, with political leaders and publics rejecting openness in a manner unlike anything seen since the tariff wars and competitive devaluations of the 1930s. And the byproduct will be not just slower growth, but a significant fall in national incomes for all but perhaps the largest and most diversified economies.
You can make comments to the dangers of deglobalization or anti-globalization bias, etc. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.
Topic 2: Fiscal Deficits Monetized
Directions: Over the last decade, the world economy has experienced a steady build-up of debt, now amounting to 230 percent of global GDP. According to the World Bank’s data, emerging economies, which have amassed a record debt-to-GDP ratio of 170%, are particularly vulnerable.
Financier George Soros’s proposal for EU perpetual bonds, or Consols, would alleviate this problem, but it would not solve it. Others, including mainstream economists such as Adair Turner, the former chairman of the UK Financial Services Authority, have called for “helicopter drops”: direct cash transfers to consumers through central-bank-financed fiscal deficits.
In China, we are also having debt issues, the question of whether China needs more expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to achieve an adequate level of growth will return to the agenda. As recently debated, fiscal deficits monetized by central banks should be used to issue Special Treasury Bonds.
You can make comments to the proposal of fiscal deficits monetized. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.。