中国财政科学研究院2020年《英语》考博专业课真题试卷

You can choose one topic from the following two topics，and write a composition. You are allowed an hour (or 60 minutes) to write, and you should write no less than 300 words.

Topic 1: Deglobalization Will Hurt Economic Growth

Directions: The post-pandemic world economy seems likely to be a far less globalized economy, with political leaders and publics rejecting openness in a manner unlike anything seen since the tariff wars and competitive devaluations of the 1930s. And the byproduct will be not just slower growth, but a significant fall in national incomes for all but perhaps the largest and most diversified economies.

You can make comments to the dangers of deglobalization or anti-globalization bias, etc. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.

Topic 2: Fiscal Deficits Monetized

Directions: Over the last decade, the world economy has experienced a steady build-up of debt, now amounting to 230 percent of global GDP. According to the World Bank’s data, emerging economies, which have amassed a record debt-to-GDP ratio of 170%, are particularly vulnerable.

Financier George Soros’s proposal for EU perpetual bonds, or Consols, would alleviate this problem, but it would not solve it. Others, including mainstream economists such as Adair Turner, the former chairman of the UK Financial Services Authority, have called for “helicopter drops”: direct cash transfers to consumers through central-bank-financed fiscal deficits.

In China, we are also having debt issues, the question of whether China needs more expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to achieve an adequate level of growth will return to the agenda. As recently debated, fiscal deficits monetized by central banks should be used to issue Special Treasury Bonds.

You can make comments to the proposal of fiscal deficits monetized. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.