企业会计准则第21号——租赁

Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 21 - Leases
企业会计准则第21号——租赁
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章总则
Article 1 With a view to regulating the recognition and measurement of leases, as well as the presentation of relevant information, the present Standards are formulated according to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises – Basic Standard.
第一条为了规范租赁的确认、计量和相关信息的列报，根据《企业会计准则——基本准则》，制定本准则。

Article 2 The term "lease" refers to an agreement under which the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for rent the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time.
第二条租赁，是指在约定的期间内，出租人将资产使用权让与承租人，以获取租金的协议。

Article 3 The following items shall be subject to other accounting standard:
(1) The land use right and buildings rented out by a lessor by way of operating lease shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 3 -Investment Real Estates;
(2) The licensing agreements for the use of items such as films, video recordings, plays, manuscripts, patents and copyrights shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 6 - Intangible Assets; and
(3) The impairment of long-term credits formed by the financing leases of a lessor shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. 22 -Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments.
第三条下列各项适用其他相关会计准则：
（一）出租人以经营租赁方式租出的土地使用权和建筑物，适用《企业会计准则第3号——投资性房地产》。

（二）电影、录像、剧本、文稿、专利和版权等项目的许可使用协议，适用《企业会计准则第6号——无形资产》。

（三）出租人因融资租赁形成的长期债权的减值，适用《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》。

Chapter II Classification of Leases
第二章租赁的分类
Article 4 A lessee and a lessor shall classify a lease as a financing lease or an operating lease on the lease beginning date.
The lease beginning date shall refer to the earlier one of the date of lease agreement or the date on which the parties to the lease make commitments on the key terms of lease.
第四条承租人和出租人应当在租赁开始日将租赁分为融资租赁和经营租赁。

租赁开始日，是指租赁协议日与租赁各方就主要租赁条款作出承诺日中的较早者。

Article 5 The "finance lease" shall refer to a lease that has transferred in substance all the risks and rewards related to the ownership of an asset. The ownership of it may or may not eventually be transferred.
第五条融资租赁，是指实质上转移了与资产所有权有关的全部风险和报酬的租赁。

其所有权最终可能转移，也可能不转移。

Article 6 Where a lease satisfies one or more of the following criteria, it shall be recognized as a finance lease:
(1) The ownership of the leased asset is transferred to the lessee when the term of lease expires;
(2) The lessee has the option to buy the leased asset at a price which is expected to be far lower than the fair value of the leased asset at the date when the option becomes exercisable. Thus, on the lease beginning date, it can be reasonably determined that the option will be exercised;
(3) Even if the ownership of the asset is not transferred, the lease term covers the major part of the use life of the leased asset;
(4) In the case of the lessee, the present value of the minimum lease payments on the lease beginning date amounts to substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset on the lease beginning date; in the case of the lessor, the present value of the minimum lease receipts on the lease beginning date amounts to substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset on the lease beginning date; and
(5) The leased assets are of a specialized nature that only the lessee can use them without making major modifications.
第六条符合下列一项或数项标准的，应当认定为融资租赁：
（一）在租赁期届满时，租赁资产的所有权转移给承租人。

（二）承租人有购买租赁资产的选择权，所订立的购买价款预计将远低于行使选择权时租赁资产的公允价值，因而在租赁开始日就可以合理确定承租人将会行使这种选择权。

（三）即使资产的所有权不转移，但租赁期占租赁资产使用寿命的大部分。

（四）承租人在租赁开始日的最低租赁付款额现值，几乎相当于租赁开始日租赁资产公允价值；出租人在租赁开始日的最低租赁收款额现值，几乎相当于租赁开始日租赁资产公允价值。

（五）租赁资产性质特殊，如果不作较大改造，只有承租人才能使用。

Article 7 The "lease term" shall refer to the period as specified in the lease agreement, during which the lease may not be canceled. Once a lease contract is signed, generally it may not be canceled except for the following circumstances:
(1) With the consent of the lessor;
(2) Where the lessee enters into a new lease for the same asset or asset of the same kind with the same lessor;
(3) Where the lessee makes an additional payment of a sufficiently large amount;
(4) Upon the occurrence of some remote contingency.
If the lessee has the option to continue to lease the asset for any further period, and it is reasonably certain on the lease beginning date that the lessee will exercise the option, the renewed period shall be included in the lease term,no matter whether rents will be paid again or not.
第七条租赁期，是指租赁合同规定的不可撤销的租赁期间。

租赁合同签订后一般不可撤销，但下列情况除外：
（一）经出租人同意。

（二）承租人与原出租人就同一资产或同类资产签订了新的租赁合同。

（三）承租人支付一笔足够大的额外款项。

（四）发生某些很少会出现的或有事项。

承租人有权选择续租该资产，并且在租赁开始日就可以合理确定承租人将会行使这种选择权，不论是否再支付租金，续租期也包括在租赁期之内。

Article 8 The term "minimum lease payment" shall refer to the payments(excluding contingent rents and execution costs) that the lessee shall, or may be required to make, for the term of lease, plus the residual values guaranteed by the lessee or a party related to the lessee.
Where the lessee has an option to buy the leased asset at a price which is expected to be far lower than the fair value on the date when the option becomes exercisable, and thus it is reasonably certain that the lessee will exercise the option on the lease beginning date, the payment required to exercise this purchase option shall be included in the minimum lease payments.
The term "contingent rent" shall refer to the rent which is not fixed in amount and calculated on the basis of factors other than the length of time, such as the sale quantity, amount of usage, price indices.
The term "execution cost" shall refer to costs incurred during the lease term for using the leased asset, such as the fees for technical consultation and services, training, maintenance and insurance.
第八条最低租赁付款额，是指在租赁期内，承租人应支付或可能被要求支付的款项（不包括或有租金和履约成本），加上由承租人或与其有关的第三方担保的资产余值。

承租人有购买租赁资产选择权，所订立的购买价款预计将远低于行使选择权时租赁资产的公允价值，因而在租赁开始日就可以合理确定承租人将会行使这种选择权的，购买价款应当计入最低租赁付款额。

或有租金，是指金额不固定、以时间长短以外的其他因素（如销售量、使用量、物价指数等）为依据计算的租金。

履约成本，是指租赁期内为租赁资产支付的各种使用费用，如技术咨询和服务费、人员培训费、维修费、保险费等。

Article 9 The term "minimum lease receipt" shall refer to the minimum lease payments plus the residual values guaranteed to the lessor by a third party independent from the lessor or the lessee.
第九条最低租赁收款额，是指最低租赁付款额加上独立于承租人和出租人的第三方对出租人担保的资产余值。

Article 10 The term "operating lease" shall refer to a lease other than a financing lease.
第十条经营租赁是指除融资租赁以外的其他租赁。

Chapter III Accounting Treatments of Lessees in Finance Leases
第三章融资租赁中承租人的会计处理
Article 11 On the lease beginning date, a lessee shall record the lower one of the fair value of the leased asset and the present value of the minimum lease payments on the lease beginning date as the entering value in an account,recognize the amount of the minimum lease payments as the entering value in an account of long-term account payable, and treat the balance between the recorded amount of the leased asset and the long-term account payable as unrecognized financing charges.
The initial direct costs such as commissions, attorney's fees and traveling expenses, stamp duties directly attributable to the leased item incurred during the process of lease negotiating and signing the leasing agreement shall be recorded in the asset value of the current period.
The lease beginning date shall refer to the date on which the lessee begins to have the right to use the leased asset.
第十一条在租赁期开始日，承租人应当将租赁开始日租赁资产公允价值与最低租赁付款额现值两者中较低者作为租入资产的入账价值，将最低租赁付款额作为长期应付款的入账价值，其差额作为未确认融资费用。

承租人在租赁谈判和签订租赁合同过程中发生的，可归属于租赁项目的手续费、律师费、差旅费、印花税等初始直接费用，应当计入租入资产价值。

租赁期开始日，是指承租人有权行使其使用租赁资产权利的开始日。

Article 12 When a lessee calculates the present value of the minimum lease payments, if it can obtain the lessor's interest rate implicit in the lease,it shall adopt the interest rate implicit in the lease as the discount rate.
Otherwise, it shall adopt the interest rate provided in the lease agreement as the discount rate. In case the lessee cannot obtain the lessor's interest rate implicit in the lease and no interest rate is provided in the lease agreement, the lessee shall adopt the borrowing interest rate of the bank for the same period as the discount rate.
第十二条承租人在计算最低租赁付款额的现值时，能够取得出租人租赁内含利率的，应当采用租赁内含利率作为折现率；否则，应当采用租赁合同规定的利率作为折现率。

承租人无法取得出租人的租赁内含利率且租赁合同没有规定利率的，应当采用同期银行贷款利率作为折现率。

Article 13 The expression " interest rate implicit in the lease" shall refer to the discount rate that, on the lease beginning date, makes the aggregate present value of the minimum lease payments and the unguaranteed residual values equal to the sum of the fair value of the leased asset and the initial direct costs of the lessor.
第十三条租赁内含利率，是指在租赁开始日，使最低租赁收款额的现值与未担保余值的现值之和等于租赁资产公允价值与出租人的初始直接费用之和的折现率。

Article 14 The term "guaranteed residue value" shall refer to, in the case of a lessee, the residual value of the asset which is guaranteed by the lessee or by a third party related to the lessee; and in the case of a lessor, the guaranteed residual value from the standpoint of the lessee plus the residual value of the asset which is guaranteed by a third party independent from both the lessor and the lessee.
The term "residual value of the asset" shall refer to the fair value of the leased asset when the term of lease expires as estimated on the lease beginning date.
The term "unguaranteed residue value" shall refer to the residual value of the leased asset minus the guaranteed residual value of the lessor.
第十四条担保余值，就承租人而言，是指由承租人或与其有关的第三方担保的资产余值；就出租人而言，是指就承租人而言的担保余值加上独立于承租人和出租人的第三方担保的资产余值。

资产余值，是指在租赁开始日估计的租赁期届满时租赁资产的公允价值。

未担保余值，是指租赁资产余值中扣除就出租人而言的担保余值以后的资产余值。

Article 15 The unrecognized financing charge shall be amortized to each period during the lease term.
The lessee shall adopt the effective interest rate method to calculate and recognize the financing charge in the current period.
第十五条未确认融资费用应当在租赁期内各个期间进行分摊。

承租人应当采用实际利率法计算确认当期的融资费用。

Article 16 In calculating the depreciation of a leased asset, the lessee should adopt a depreciation policy for leased assets consistent with that for depreciable assets which are owned by the lessee.
If it is reasonable to be certain that the lessee will obtain the ownership of the leased asset when the lease term expires, the leased asset shall be fully depreciated over its useful life.
If it is not reasonable to be certain that the lessee will obtain the ownership of the leased asset at the expiry of the lease term, the leased asset shall be fully depreciated over the shorter one of the lease term or its useful life.
第十六条承租人应当采用与自有固定资产相一致的折旧政策计提租赁资产折旧。

能够合理确定租赁期届满时取得租赁资产所有权的，应当在租赁资产使用寿命内计提折旧。

无法合理确定租赁期届满时能够取得租赁资产所有权的，应当在租赁期与租赁资产使用寿命两者中较短的期间内计提折旧。

Article 17 Contingent rents shall be recognized as an expense in the period in which they are actually incurred.
第十七条或有租金应当在实际发生时计入当期损益。

Chapter IV Accounting Treatments of Lessors in Finance Leases
第四章融资租赁中出租人的会计处理
Article 18 On the beginning date of the lease term, a lessor shall recognize the sum of the minimum lease receipts on the lease beginning date and the initial direct costs as the entering value in an account of the financing lease values receivable, and record the unguaranteed residual value at the same time. The balance between the sums of the minimum lease receipts, the initial direct costs and the unguaranteed residual value, and the sum of their present values shall be recognized as unrealized financing income.
第十八条在租赁期开始日，出租人应当将租赁开始日最低租赁收款额与初始直接费用之和作为应收融资租赁款的入账价值，同时记录未担保余值；将最低租赁收款额、初始直接费用及未担保余值之和与其现值之和的差额确认为未实现融资收益。

Article 19 The unrealized financing income shall be allocated to each period during the lease term.
The lessor shall calculate the financing income at the current period by adopting the effective interest rate method.
第十九条未实现融资收益应当在租赁期内各个期间进行分配。

出租人应当采用实际利率法计算确认当期的融资收入。

Article 20 The lessor shall, at least at the end of each year, reexamine the unguaranteed residual values.
No adjustment may be made if the unguaranteed residual value increases.
Where there is evidence showing a reduction in the unguaranteed residual value, the interest rate implicit in the lease shall be re-calculated and the associated reduction of the net investment in the lease shall be recognized as a loss for the current period. The financing incomes for subsequent periods shall be recognized on the basis of the revised net investment in the lease and the recalculated implicit interest rate.
The net investment in the lease shall be the difference between the sum of the minimum lease receipts and the unguaranteed residual value in a finance lease and unrealized financing incomes.
Where the unguaranteed residual value for which a loss has been recognized previously is subsequently recovered, the reversal of the loss shall be limited to the amount of the loss recognized, and the interest rate implicit in the lease shall be recalculated. The financing incomes for subsequent periods shall be determined based on the revised net investment in the lease and the re-calculated implicit interest rate.
第二十条出租人至少应当于每年年度终了，对未担保余值进行复核。

未担保余值增加的，不作调整。

有证据表明未担保余值已经减少的，应当重新计算租赁内含利率，将由此引起的租赁投资净额的减少，计入当期损益；以后各期根据修正后的租赁投资净额和重新计算的租赁内含利率确认融资收入。

租赁投资净额是融资租赁中最低租赁收款额及未担保余值之和与未实现融资收益之间的差额。

已确认损失的未担保余值得以恢复的，应当在原已确认的损失金额内转回，并重新计算租赁内含利率，以后各期根据修正后的租赁投资净额和重新计算的租赁内含利率确认融资收入。

Article 21 Contingent rents shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the period in which they actually arise.
第二十一条或有租金应当在实际发生时计入当期损益。

Chapter V Accounting Treatments of Lessees in Operating Leases
第五章经营租赁中承租人的会计处理
Article 22 The rents from operating leases shall be recorded by the lessee in the relevant asset costs or the profits and losses of the current period by using the straight-line method over each period of the lease term, unless there are other more reasonable methods.
第二十二条对于经营租赁的租金，承租人应当在租赁期内各个期间按照直线法计入相关资产成本或当期损益；其他方法更为系统合理的，也可以采用其他方法。

Article 23 The initial direct costs incurred by a lessee shall be recognized as the profits and losses of the current period.
第二十三条承租人发生的初始直接费用，应当计入当期损益。

Article 24 The contingent rents shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period in which they actually arise.
第二十四条或有租金应当在实际发生时计入当期损益。

Chapter VI Accounting Treatments of Lessors in Operating Leases
第六章经营租赁中出租人的会计处理
Article 25 A lessor shall include the assets subject to operating leases in relevant items of its balance sheets in light of the nature of the asset.
第二十五条出租人应当按资产的性质，将用作经营租赁的资产包括在资产负债表中的相关项目内。

Article 26 The rents from operating leases shall be recorded in the profits and losses of the current period by using the straight-line method over each period of the lease term, unless there are other more reasonable methods.
第二十六条对于经营租赁的租金，出租人应当在租赁期内各个期间按照直线法确认为当期损益；其他方法更为系统合理的，也可以采用其他方法。

Article 27 The initial direct costs incurred to a lessor shall be recorded into the profits and losses of the current period.
第二十七条出租人发生的初始直接费用，应当计入当期损益。

Article 28 As for the fixed assets subject to operating leases, the lessor shall calculate the depreciation of it by adopting depreciation policy for similar assets. As for other leased assets, systematic and reasonable methods shall be adopted for its amortization.
第二十八条对于经营租赁资产中的固定资产，出租人应当采用类似资产的折旧政策计提折旧；对于其他经营租赁资产，应当采用系统合理的方法进行摊销。

Article 29 The contingent rents shall be recorded in the profits and losses of the period in which they actually arise.
第二十九条或有租金应当在实际发生时计入当期损益。

Chapter VII Sale and Leaseback Transactions
第七章售后租回交易
Article 30 A lessor and a lessee shall recognize a sale and leaseback transaction as a financing lease or an operating lease according to Chapter II of the present Standard.
第三十条承租人和出租人应当根据本准则第二章的规定，将售后租回交易认定为融资租赁或经营租赁。

Article 31 Where a sale and leaseback transaction is determined as a financing lease, any balance between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset shall be deferred and amortized as an adjustment to depreciation in light of the depreciation pattern of the leased asset.
第三十一条售后租回交易认定为融资租赁的，售价与资产账面价值之间的差额应当予以递延，并按照该项租赁资产的折旧进度进行分摊，作为折旧费用的调整。

Article 32 Where a sale and leaseback transaction is determined as an operating lease, any balance between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset shall be deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the lease payments in light of the proportion of the lease payments during the lease term. However, in case any evidence shows that the sale and leaseback transaction is based
on the fair value, the balance between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset shall be recorded in the profits and losses of the current period.
第三十二条售后租回交易认定为经营租赁的，售价与资产账面价值之间的差额应当予以递延，并在租赁期内按照与确认租金费用相一致的方法进行分摊，作为租金费用的调整。

但是，有确凿证据表明售后租回交易是按照公允价值达成的，售价与资产账面价值之间的差额应当计入当期损益。

Chapter VIII Presentation
第八章列报
Article 33 A lessee shall, in its balance sheet, present the balances between the long-term accounts payable minus the unrecognized financing charges related to the financing leases, long-term liabilities and long-term liabilities due within 1 year respectively.
第三十三条承租人应当在资产负债表中，将与融资租赁相关的长期应付款减去未确认融资费用的差额，分别长期负债和一年内到期的长期负债列示。

Article 34 A lessee shall, in its notes, disclose the following information related to the financing leases:
(1) the originally recorded carrying amounts at the beginning and the end of the period of each class of leased fixed assets, and the accumulated depreciation amount;
(2) the minimum lease payment for each of the next 3 accounting years subsequent to the balance sheet date and the aggregate minimum lease payment thereafter; and
(3) The unamortized balance of unrecognized financing charges and the method used to allocate the unrecognized financing charges.
第三十四条承租人应当在附注中披露与融资租赁有关的下列信息：
（一）各类租入固定资产的期初和期末原价、累计折旧额。

（二）资产负债表日后连续三个会计年度每年将支付的最低租赁付款额，以及以后年度将支付的最低租赁付款额总额。

（三）未确认融资费用的余额，以及分摊未确认融资费用所采用的方法。

Article 35 A lessor shall, in its balance sheet, present the balances between the financing lease accounts receivable minus the unrealized finance incomes as longterm liabilities.
第三十五条出租人应当在资产负债表中，将应收融资租赁款减去未实现融资收益的差额，作为长期债权列示。

Article 36 A lessor shall, in its notes disclose the following information related to the financing leases:
(1) the minimum lease receipt for each of the next 3 accounting years subsequent to the balance sheet date and the aggregate minimum lease receipt thereafter; and
(2) the unamortized balance of unrealized financing income and the method used to allocate the unrealized financing income.
第三十六条出租人应当在附注中披露与融资租赁有关的下列信息：
（一）资产负债表日后连续三个会计年度每年将收到的最低租赁收款额，以及以后年度将收到的最低租赁收款额总额。

（二）未实现融资收益的余额，以及分配未实现融资收益所采用的方法。

Article 37 As for an important operating lease, the lessee shall, in its notes, disclose the following information:
(1) the minimum lease payment for the irrevocable operating lease for each of the next 3 accounting years subsequent to the balance sheet date; and
(2) the aggregate minimum lease payment thereafter for the irrevocable operating lease.
第三十七条承租人对于重大的经营租赁，应当在附注中披露下列信息：
（一）资产负债表日后连续三个会计年度每年将支付的不可撤销经营租赁的最低租赁付款额。

（二）以后年度将支付的不可撤销经营租赁的最低租赁付款额总额。

Article 38 A lessor shall disclose the carrying amount of each class of leased assets in the operating leases.
第三十八条出租人对经营租赁，应当披露各类租出资产的账面价值。

Article 39 A lessee and a lessor shall disclose each sale and leaseback transaction as well as the significant items in the contract on the sale and leaseback transaction.
第三十九条承租人和出租人应当披露各售后租回交易以及售后租回合同中的重要条款。