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location
• Manhattan, NewYork • As we know, NewYork is the most famous city in the world, and we can also say that, Manhattan is the symbol of NewYork.The famous tourist attractions include uptown's Central park, Madison Avenue,Broadway,Greenwich village,and located in downtown free island——statue of libe1、课程是严谨的。从细心装订、印发的讲 义,学生意愿调查来看,程序很严谨。当 然,讲义的印刷,是由系里的教学秘书负 责的,因为我中午在的时候,她一直在复 印机前,虽然不是在为这门课准备,但可 以看到她在开学时的工作任务是很重的。 从讲义的内容,尤其是课程大纲,每一节 课的教学内容来看,这是很细致的一份工 作。
• 2、内容是充实的。以前有人说美国的课就 是形式好看,不停地讨论,但事实上讨论 的都是是最基本的内容。从这堂课来看, 不是这样的,因为在哲理诗基础上的讨论 ,一下子提到了一个很高的境界和水平。 老师在开场时讲的那么长,居然把两个学 生讲跑了,让他们放弃了这门课。以后每 次课前都要完成读书心得,这样,讨论就 会在一个很高的水平上进行,在大家有问 题的地方集中。
location
• In 1897, the university moved from Fortyninth Street and Madison Avenue, where it had stood for fifty years, to its present location on Morningside Heights at 116th Street and Broadway.

《保罗·策兰诗选》译后记

《保罗·策兰诗选》译后记

《保罗·策兰诗选》译后记杨子评论Comments2012年,我的三首短诗和策兰那首大名鼎鼎的《死亡赋格》英文版一同发表在美国加州大学英语系《Arroyo文学评论》杂志春季号“翻译”版块———这期只有我们两个外国诗人。

我知道这只是一次巧合,没有任何命定的意味。

只能说,得益于我诗歌的三位英译者———叶春、Melissa Tuckey和Fiona Sze-Lorrain出色的翻译,《Arroyo文学评论》抬举了我一回,让我做梦般和我热爱的这位诗人邂逅。

实际上这也是两位策兰译者的一次邂逅:早在2003年我就初译了一百三十多首策兰诗歌,而这期《Arroyo 文学评论》上《死亡赋格》的英译者恰恰是约翰·费尔斯蒂纳(John Felstiner),英语世界著名的策兰诗文译者和策兰传记作者,我的这部《策兰诗选》最需感谢的人就是他———一些作品转译自他的英译或借助他的英译解决了疑难,而他的《保罗·策兰传》(李尼译)更是我翻译过程中一部重要的参考书,也可以说是一根重要的拐杖。

精神上我似乎可与策兰息息相通绝无窒碍———他倾注大量心血翻译的诗人恰好都是我所热爱的———从叶赛宁、曼德尔施塔姆到阿波利奈尔和勒内·夏尔。

他引为精神上的兄弟的曼德尔施塔姆更是我经常想起的诗人———巧合的是,策兰是德语世界第一位曼德尔施塔姆诗选译者,我是中文世界第一部较全面的曼德尔施塔姆诗选译者(第一部曼德尔施塔姆诗选中文译者是智量先生,遗憾的是他翻译得太少),尽管那部译诗集我一直不满意,但曼德尔施塔姆的声音在策兰那儿有着怎样的回响,我已经能直觉到,也能找到部分直接的凭证。

但这绝不意味着我在翻译策兰时会有什么优势。

实际上没有谁敢说自己与策兰息息相通,可以绝对领会他诗中深藏的含义———那种既是声音的、又是空间的,既是历史的、又是当下的,既是政治的、又用卓绝诗艺摒除政治痕迹的,既有刹那的一口气、又蕴含广袤之永恒的,并且时常浮现出六边形大卫之星和意第绪语与希伯来语的伟大诗篇。

Lecture 24 on R.Lowell& E. Bishop & T.Roethke 2

Lecture 24 on R.Lowell& E. Bishop & T.Roethke 2

Lecture 24On 20th-Century American Poets (II.1-3)I. Robert Lowell(1917 – 1977)罗伯特·洛威尔1. His Life and Major WorksAmerican poet, considered the founder of the confessional poetry movement (which emphasizes the intimate, and sometimes unflattering, information about details of the poet’s personal life, such as in poems about mental illness, sexuality, and despondence. The confessionalist label was applied to a number of poets of the 1950s and 1960s. John Berryman, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath, Theodore Roethke, Anne Sexton, and William De Witt Snodgrass have all been called “Confessional Poets”). He was appointed the sixth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1946 and won the Pulitzer Prize in both 1947 and 1974.Born in Boston with an ancestry stretching back to the Mayflower, the Robert Lowell family included Harvard President A. Lawrence Lowell and poets James Russell Lowell and Amy Lowell. When preparing for college at St. Marks School in Southborough, Massachusetts, he was encouraged to write poetry by a young teacher, Richard Eberhart. After two years at Harvard College, he lived in a tent on the Tennessee lawn of poetic mentor Alan Tate before moving on, for reasons of health, to Kenyon College to study with John Crowe Ransom, the poet and critic.Then, after marrying novelist Jean Stafford, Lowell studied at Louisiana State University. Poems he wrote, revised and published as Lord Weary’s Castle(1946), won a Pulitzer Prize in the next year.As a conscientious objector protesting against Allied bombing of civilian populations, Lowell was sentenced to a year in prison. Prison memories were shared in his Memories of West Street and Lepke. His volume Life Studies(1959) helped foster the confessional school of poetry and was immediately recognized by a National Book Award. It was a collection of poetry and prose. Its subjects became explicitly autobiographical.Throughout his life, Robert Lowell experienced various manic-depressive episodes which required hospitalization. After his divorce from Jean Stafford, he married writer Elizabeth Hardwick. William Carlos Williams became his new mentor. Beginning in 1954, Lowell taught at Boston University. Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton were among his students. Then, while teaching half-time at Harvard from 1963 until his death in 1977, he was actively engaged in opposition to America’s role in the Vietnam War. He protested with Norman Mailer and publicly declined an invitation from President Lyndon Johnson to participate in a White House Festival of Arts, stating that, “We may even be drifting on our way to the last nuclear ruin.”Finally, the last work in Lowell’s sonnet sequence, The Dolphin, which won the 1974 Pulitzer Prize, includes poems about his daughter, his ex-wife, and his new wife Caroline Blackwood whom he’d affectionately nicknamed “Dolphin.”Lowell’s sudden death at the age of sixty by heart attack, occurred in a taxi when he was returning to his second wife, Elizabeth Hardwick, after breaking from his third wife, Lady Caroline Blackwood.Robert Lowell was a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 1962 until his death in 1977. He was personally acquainted with most of the major poets of his time and much respected by T. S. Eliot. His Life Studies has been compared to Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself and Eliot’s The Waste Land as a turning point in American Poetry.Lowell’s Collected Poems, edited by Frank Bidart and David Gewanter, were published in 2003. The Letters of Robert Lowell, edited by Saskia Hamilton, was published in 2005. Both volumes received overwhelmingly positive critical responses from the mainstream press, and their publication has since led to a renewed interest in Lowell’s writing.2. A Brief Analysis of “Skunk Hour”“Skunk Hour” is included in Lowell’s 1959 Life Studies.It epitomizes the poet’s predicament of living out an existential malaise.Nothing lives forever.It’s out of natural instinct for human beings and animals to seek love and food.The speaker longs for love and marriage from his lover.It’s a partial reflection of the society of the USA in the 1950s.3. Suggested Answers to Questions in the textbook1)It’s the time of indulgence in corporal desires to seek love and food.2)No. People are hedonistic in the narrator’s eye. They’re indulged in the pursuit ofmaterial and sexual desires.3)He feels low-spirited and extremely sad and isolated about the decadent life of theyoung peopleII. Elizabeth Bishop (1911 – 1979)1. Her Life and Major WorksElizabeth Bishop was one of the most important and distinguished American poets of the 20th century. She was the Poet Laureate of the United States from 1949 to 1950, a Pulitzer Prize winner in 1956 and a National Book Award Winner for Poetry in 1970. Bish op’s style of writing is particularly known for its objective, distant point of view.Elizabeth Bishop was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1911, but spent part of her childhood with her Canadian maternal grandparents after her father’s death and mother’shospitalization. A poet of observation, not of personal relationships, Bishop paints minutia of nature visible on land and sea. Her power to see was not the fruit of a life without pain. Her father died but mere months after her own birth in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1911. Her mother was confined to a mental hospital when Elizabeth was only five, and she never saw her again. Of her childhood she noted, “My relatives all felt so sorry for this child that they tried to do their very best. And I think they did. I lived with my grandparents in Nova Scotia, then with the ones in Worcester, in Massachusetts, very briefly and got terribly sick. This was when I was six and seven.... Then I lived with my mother’s older sister in Boston, she was devoted to me -- she had no children. My relationship with my relatives -- I was always sort of a guest, and I think I’ve always felt like that.”Bishop was independently wealthy in early adulthood as a result of an inheritance from her deceased father that didn’t run out until the end of her life. With this inheritance, Bishop was able to travel widely without worrying about employment and lived in many cities and countries which are described in her poems.E. Bishop traveled extensively in Europe and lived in New York, Key West, Florida, and, for seventeen years, in Brazil. She taught briefly at the University of Washington, at Harvard for seven years, at New York University, and just prior to her death in 1979, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.After living with her father’s parents, Bishop met Marianne Moore, who encouraged publication of her early poems written when she studied at Vassar College. Later, when living in New York, she became a close friend of Robert Lowell. Of her work, Robert Lowell remarked, “Elizabeth Bishop is the contemporary poet that I admire most .... There’s a beautiful completeness to all of Bishop’s poetry. I don’t think anyone alive has a better eye than she had: The eye that sees things and the mind behind the eye that remembers.” Then Bishop was a consultant in poetry at the Library of Congress. When she lived in Florida for seven years, Bishop completed her first book of poems, North and South (1955). It won the Pulitzer Prize.Elizabeth Bishop won virtually every poetry prize in the country although she insisted, “They don’t mean too much.” Her first book,North & South, won the Houghton Mifflin Poetry Award for 1946. In 1955, she received the Pulitzer Prize for a volume containing North & South and A Cold Spring. Her next book of poetry, Questions of Travel(1965), won the National Book Award and was followed by The Complete Poems (1969). Geography III (1976) received the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 1976, Miss Bishop became both the first American and the first woman to win the Books Abroad/Neustadt Prize for LiteratureFollowing her life-steadying lesbian love relation with Lota de Macedo Soares throughout their years together in Bra zil, Bishop returned to America after Lota’s suicide. She became poet-in-residence at Harvard in 1969. Her Complete Poems won the National Book Award in 1970.A new source of strength for the rest of Bishop’s life was her new partner, Alice Methfessel. Elizabeth Bishop taught at Harvard until death in her Boston apartment of a cerebral aneurism (动脉瘤) in 1979.2. Suggested Answers to Questions in the textbook1)In three more days, she would be seven years old.2)Yes. Her aunt gave out a painful cry in the den tist’s room while at that time WW Iwas still going on, with heavy casualties and destruction occurring in the world. Incomparison with those cries of deadly pain on the battlefield, it was not very loud or long.3)On National Geographic of February 1918, as the narrator looks at those pictures ofa live volcano, explorers, a dead man slung on the pole with the caption of “LongPig” under it, babies of pointed heads, black, naked women with necks wound with wire and with horrifying breasts, she utters an exclamation of surprise.4)Because they’re all human beings, with so many similarities both physical andemotional.5)Herself.6)Because she feels herself daydreaming—as if she were falling off the earth into cold,blue-black space.7)The dark night might symbolize the savage war—WWI, which still went on in theworld then.III. Theodore Roethke(pronounced RET-kə)西奥多·罗特克(1908 – 1963)1. His Life and Major WorksTheodore Roethke was an American poet, who published several volumes of poetry characterized by its rhythm and natural imagery. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1954 for his book, The Waking.Theodore Roethke was born in Saginaw(萨吉诺), Michigan, in 1908. As a child, he spent much time in the greenhouse owned by his German grandfather and father and uncle for a living. His impressions of the natural world contained there would later profoundly influence the subjects and imagery of his verse. “I was born under a glass heel and have always lived there,”he was to remark. He was haunted not only by the ordered, protected world of the paternal greenhouse and its cultivated flowers, but also by the desolate landscape of that part of Michigan. “The marsh, the mire, the Void, is always there, immediate and terrifying. It is a splendid place for schooling the spirit. It is American.”His poetry often re-enacted this “schooling” of the spirit by revisiting the landscapes of his childhood: the nature poems which make up the largest part of his early work try to bridge the distance between a child’s consciousness and the adult mysterious presided over by his father. Roethke arranged and rearranged these poems to give the sense of a spiritual autobiography, especially in preparing the volumes The Lost Son (1948), Praise to the End! (1951), and The Waking (1953).Roethke graduated magna cum laude(以优等成绩)from the University of Michigan in 1929. He later took a few graduate classes at Michigan and Harvard, but was unhappy in school. His first book, Open House(1941), took ten years to write and was critically acclaimed upon its publication. He went on to publish sparingly but his reputation grew with each new collection, including The Waking(1953) which was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1954.His later love poems show him in periods of release and monetary pleasure. Many of them included in Words of the Wind (1958), which won posthumously a National Book Award and Bollingen Prize and The Far Field (1964), which won posthumously a National Book Award, are among the most appealing in recent American verse.He admired the writing of such poets as Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman, Blake, and Wordsworth, as well as Yeats and Dylan Thomas. Stylistically his work ranged from witty poems in strict meter and regular stanzas to free verse poems full of mystical and surrealistic imagery. At all times, however, the natural world in all its mystery, beauty, fierceness, and sensuality, is close by, and the poems are possessed of an intense lyricism. Roethke had close literary friendships with fellow poets W. H. Auden, Louise Bogan, Stanley Kunitz, and William Carlos Williams. He taught at various colleges and universities, including Lafayette, Pennsylvania State, and Bennington, and worked last at the University of Washington, where he was mentor to a generation of Northwest poets that included David Wagoner, Carolyn Kizer, and Richard Hugo. Theodore Roethke died of heart failure in 1963.2. A Brief Analysis of “The Waking”The waking in the poem is pun, which, besides its literal meaning, refers metaphorically to a gradual understanding of oneself and the world.Theme: Life is like a journey. We learn by doing and feeling. It takes time for us to become wise.3. Suggested Answers to Questions in the textbook1)Although I wake up in the morning, there are always things which puzzle me, whichmake me feel that I seem to be still asleep.2)Great Nature is the teacher of the speaker and the reader. He reveals that life is ajourney in which one becomes wise gradually while pursuing his or her goal.3)It may mean that time flies, and there will always be tomorrow. Changes in life areconstant4. Assignments1)Who was Allen Ginsberg and what are his major works?2)Who was Sylvia Plath and what are her major works?3)Who was Robert Hayden and what are his major works?4)Try to answer the questions below each poem.。

屈原后期的心境障碍及其沉江结局

屈原后期的心境障碍及其沉江结局

屈原后期的心境障碍及其沉江结局陈桐生【摘要】屈原在作品中反复抒发了抑郁、焦虑、烦闷、愁苦、寂寞、孤独、悲伤、失眠等种种精神心理苦痛,多次表示要效法彭咸,以投水自杀作为自己的人生结局.两千多年来,楚辞研究者都把屈原描述的精神心理症状看成是一个健康人遭受打击之后的精神痛苦.从精神心理的科学角度来看,屈原在遭谗被疏之后,应该是患上了严重的心境障碍,这个病症整整折磨了屈原的后半生,它多方面地影响到屈原的认知、行为及其楚辞创作,导致他最终选择自杀作为自己的人生结局.指出屈原后期罹患心境障碍这一事实,有助于更深刻地认识屈原其人其作.【期刊名称】《铜仁学院学报》【年(卷),期】2016(018)001【总页数】6页(P10-15)【关键词】屈原;心境障碍;沉江【作者】陈桐生【作者单位】广东外语外贸大学中文学院,广东广州 235000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I206.2本文以沉痛的笔墨,讨论一个非常痛苦的话题:屈原在遭谗被疏之后患上了严重的心境障碍。

心境障碍(mood disorder)又称“情感性精神障碍”,是一种以心境紊乱作为原发性决定因素或者成为其核心表现的病理心理状态,心境障碍是指悲伤或情绪高涨显得十分强烈且持久,其症状表现超过了对生活事件应激反应的程度。

心境障碍有双相(抑郁、躁狂)及单相(抑郁)两种。

这个病症多方面地影响到屈原的情感、认知、行为及其楚辞创作,并导致他最终选择自杀作为自己的人生结局。

楚辞作品中有大量描写屈原心情抑郁、焦虑、愁苦、悲伤、烦闷的诗句,但从司马迁写《史记·屈原贾生列传》起,历代楚辞学者都是以健康人的目光来看待屈原,他们把楚辞中那些描述屈原郁闷、愁苦、悲伤、焦虑症状的诗句看成是健康人遭受挫折之后的精神痛苦,将屈原的自杀简单地理解为以身殉国的理性行为。

古今学者这样解读屈原是可以理解的,因为中国传统医学中没有心境障碍这一概念,古人的心境障碍在巫师那里被看作是邪魔缠身,中医则将其诊断为肝火扰心。

每日一诗·“思与诗”--西方哲理诗系列

每日一诗·“思与诗”--西方哲理诗系列

《独涉者的歌》每日一诗·“思与诗”--西方哲理诗系列前言本期主持:西门小醉这个春天将有些冷。

《非理性的人》、《论语今读》两本书,将让我们不再像读哲学史那样身在看台,而是走进书籍深处,拿我们生命的意义和哲人的思考进行对话。

这种对答,从第一个人仰望星空,问自己是谁的时候就已经开始。

在此之后,有一些人从迷雾弥漫的河流中独涉而出,披荆斩棘,带着被俗尘流放般的苦痛,沿着历史的时间寻求答案。

旅途之中,歌声渐起。

有的浪漫低吟,有的悲凉高亢,有的沉郁怅然,有的铿锵激越…..他们记录下这种音符,于是,有了诗。

在西方、在东方,这样的诗歌以各种旋律飘扬在大地之上。

这是一群在神圣的黑夜中走遍大地的人们,他们边走边歌唱出了心中的热爱、犹豫、期盼、思索和痛楚。

他们拒绝肤浅的视觉语言,抗拒修辞的迷惑,沉浸于自我的生命思索中,让笔下的诗行成为烈火,成为潮汐,成为精神的安静的神秘的中心。

这些神秘,隐藏在普通的语言之下,如一场原始的海,只在潮水退去大地真实地浮现之时,我们才可以赤脚接触到那一种力量----来自文明深处,来自我们的本原。

因为他们是孤寂的,是艰难的,甚至是绝望的,才有了一种改变生命的力量。

正如,只有雪来,透骨的寒才会带来大地的纯净一样。

在接下来的两周内,我将选择西方诗歌中的一些经典逐一推出。

聆听着这些曾经走在大地上的独涉者们的歌声,我们在清晨的微寒中抖擞自己,开始又一天的前行。

2010年3月1日夸西莫多:《转瞬即是夜晚》每个人孤立在大地心上被一线阳光刺穿:转瞬即是夜晚。

诗人简介:塞尔瓦多·S·夸西莫多(1901-1968)生于西西里岛。

原在罗马大学学工程,后辍学从事社会工作,当过绘图员及技师,后又担任编辑工作。

1929年,他结识了隐逸派主要代表人物蒙塔莱。

1930年,他的诗集《水与土》问世,声名大振,以后又陆续发表了许多诗集,成为隐逸派大师之一。

1958年获得维亚雷焦奖,1959年又获得诺贝尔文学奖金。

1945年至1990年的美国诗歌

1945年至1990年的美国诗歌

1945年至1990年的美国诗歌:反传统潮流2008.05.03伊丽莎白•毕肖普(美联社图片)(此为《美国文学纲要》(Outline of American Literature)修订本第七章,由美国国务院国际信息局翻译。

)作者:凯瑟琳•文斯潘克仁(Kathryn VanSpanckeren)对于20世纪下半叶的许多美国诗人而言,传统的形式与思想似乎不再具有意义。

二战结束后的事件使许多作家萌生出历史断裂感:每个动作、每种情感和每一时刻都被视作独一无二。

风格和形式似乎普遍具有随机性,反映了创作过程和作者的自我意识。

熟悉的表达类型受到怀疑;独创性成为新的传统。

1957年,法院在涉及艾伦•金斯伯格(Allen Ginsberg)的诗歌《嚎叫》(Howl)的案件中裁定该作品并不属于淫秽出版物,使反传统趋势的影响迅速扩大。

该案件的起因是《嚎叫》被旧金山海关扣押,出版商劳伦斯•弗林盖蒂(Lawrence Ferlinghetti)的城市之光书店(City Lights)提起诉讼。

在那起臭名昭著的诉讼案件中,知名评论家以《嚎叫》具有救赎的文学价值为理由捍卫它对社会提出的激烈批判。

最后海关败诉,叛逆的“垮掉的一代”(Beat)诗人一举成名,尤其是金斯伯格及其友人杰克•凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac)及威廉•巴勒斯(William Burroughs)。

形成美国这种离析感的历史缘由并不难找。

二战本身、现代大城市中人与人之间的陌生感和大肆消费、20世纪60年代的抗议运动、延续10年的越南战争、冷战、环境威胁等各类冲击都对美国文化产生了影响。

然而,对美国社会转型影响最大的要属大众媒体和大众文化的兴起。

首先是广播,后来是电影,再后是威力巨大、无处不在的电视机,都从根本上改变了美国人的生活。

过去,美国文化是小范围的知识精英文化,其基本形式是书本和阅读,现在则转变为以广播、音乐磁带和光盘、电影及电视荧屏画面为主要形式的媒体文化。

my papa's waltz

my papa's waltz

• • • • • • • •
You beat time on my head 你在我头上敲击节拍, With a palm caked hard by dirt, 手掌上干硬的泥土沾满, Then waltzed me off to bed 华尔兹舞步中你送我上床, Still clinging to your shirt. 我的小手紧拽你的衬衫。
• • • • • • • •
We romped until the pans 我们蹦喳喳不停旋转 Slid from the kitchen shelf; 在一旁看得心里发烦。 震落了厨房的锅瓢碗盘, My mother's countenance 我的母亲眉头紧锁, Could not unfrown itself. 在一旁看得心里发烦。
Nationality
Genres Notable work(s) Notable award(s)
United States
American poetry The Waking, The Lost Son, The Far Field, Words for the Wind Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award
My Papa’s Waltz
任男
2010061015
Born
May 25, 1908 Saginaw, Michigan August 1, 1963) (aged 55) Bainbridge Island, Washington Teacher, poet, author
Died Occupation
Hale Waihona Puke • line 4 - "Such waltzing was not easy" The waltz should be easy, on a literal level, because the speaker is just being swung around by his father. It isn’t easy because, apparently, their lives together aren’t easy. • - lines 5-6 - "We romped until the pans / Slid from the kitchen shelf" Continuing the tone of the first stanza, the word romped here is ironic because it makes the waltz sound carefree, yet the effect of this romping is to cause a violent, crashing disruption in their domestic world.

露易斯·格丽克诗歌译记

露易斯·格丽克诗歌译记

杨子,诗人、诗歌译者、资深媒体人。

著有诗集《胭脂》《在受着磔刑的悲怆的大地上》《唯有清澈的孩子可以教育我们》《给你的信》,译诗集《费尔南多·佩索阿诗选》《曼德尔施塔姆诗选》《盖瑞·斯奈德诗选》《严酷地带:查尔斯·西密克诗选》《每天都在悲欣交集中醒来:佩索阿诗选》《我听见斧头开花了:保罗·策兰诗选》。

译诗集《西奥多·罗特克诗选》以及《曼德尔施塔姆诗选》全新修订版即将出版。

评论Comments露易丝·格丽克诗歌译记柳向阳最后一刻之后的最后一刻,我决定将策兰1963年那部诗集的名字改为“从未存在者的玫瑰”。

之前我将英译的“the no one ”译为“不可活者”,听上去更像一种命名,最后还是觉得这一想法应当搁置。

盯着德语原文的那个“nie ”看了很久,决定改为较稳妥的“从未存在者”。

之所以顽固地将white 和true 译为单音节的“白”与“真”,是因为我担心用“洁白、雪白、白色”和“真实、真挚、真诚”,不足以涵盖白与真,有可能偏离策兰本意。

这个本意应该非常古老。

之所以顽固地将几乎所有的word 译为单音节的“字”,是因为“词”和“词语”总给我这样一种感觉:尽管“词语”是早已取得合法地位的外来语,并且我也会在很多时候毫不犹豫地使用,但具体到策兰诗歌的汉译,“词语”二字总有一丝移植后遭本体排异的意味,而单音节“词”尽管一直就是汉语词汇,但有时,甚至经常,我就是觉得它受了“词语”的牵累,带有外来语的味道,不如单音节的“字”来得质朴有力。

大致是2005年,我经常出没于“诗生活”网站的翻译论坛,和同好们交流讨论,第一次读到了露易丝·格丽克的诗。

一首很短的《爱之诗》,讲一个经历多次婚姻失败的妈妈一直把儿子带在身边,给儿子“织出各种色调的红围巾”,希望儿子有一个温暖、幸福的童年,但结果呢?诗中不露面的“我”对那个已经长大的儿子说:“并不奇怪你是现在这个样子,∕害怕血,你的女人们∕像一面又一面砖墙。

历年普利策诗歌奖

历年普利策诗歌奖

普利策诗歌奖普利策诗作奖(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry)设立于1922年,意在表彰创作杰出诗篇的美国作家。

1918年、1919年间,曾作为普利策特别褒扬奖(Pulitzer Prize Spe cial Citations and Awards)出现。

[编辑本段]参见年代姓名得奖著作1922年埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Edwin Arlington Robinson Collected Poems1923年埃德娜·圣文森特·米莱Edna St. Vincent Millay The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver A Few Figs fro m Thistles Eight Sonnets in American Poetry, 1922. A Miscellany 1924年罗伯特·弗罗斯特Robert Frost New Hampshire A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes1925年埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Edwin Arlington Robinson The Man Who Died Twice1926年艾米·洛厄尔Amy Lowell What's O'Clock1927年利奥诺拉·斯贝耶Leonora Speyer Fiddler's Farewell1928年埃德温·阿林顿·罗滨逊Edwin Arlington Robinson Tristram1929年斯蒂芬·文森特·贝尼特Stephen Vincent Benet John Browns Body1930年康拉德·艾肯Conrad Aiken Selected Poems1931年罗伯特·弗罗斯特Robert Frost Collected Poems1932年乔治·狄龙George Dillon The Flowering Stone1933年阿奇博尔德·麦克利什Archibald MacLeish Conquistador1934年罗伯特·希利尔Robert Hillyer Collected Verse1935年奥德丽·沃德曼Audrey Wurdemann Bright Ambush1936年罗伯特·彼得·特里斯特拉姆·科芬Robert P.T. Coffin Strange Holiness1937年罗伯特·弗罗斯特Robert Frost A Further Range1938年马里奥·ZaturenskaMarya Zaturenska Cold Morning Sky1939年约翰·古尔德·弗莱彻John Gould Fletcher Selected Poems1940年马克·范多伦Mark Van Doren Collected Poems1941年伦纳德·培根Leonard Bacon Sunderland Capture1942年威廉·罗斯·贝内William Rose Benet The Dust Which Is God 1943年罗伯特·弗罗斯特Robert Frost A Witness Tree1944年斯蒂芬·文森特·贝内Stephen Vincent Benet Western Star1945年卡尔·夏皮罗Karl Shapiro V-Letter and Other Poems1946年没有颁发1947年罗伯特·洛厄尔Robert Lowell Lord Weary's Castle1948年威斯坦·休·奥登W. H. Auden The Age of Anxiety1949年彼得·维里克Peter Viereck Terror and Decorum1950年格温多琳·布鲁克斯Gwendolyn Brooks Annie Allen1951年卡尔·桑德伯格Carl Sandburg Complete Poems1952年玛丽安·穆尔Marianne Moore Collected Poems1953年阿奇博尔德·麦克利什Archibald MacLeish Collected Poems 1917-1952 1954年西奥多·罗特克Theodore Roethke The Waking1955年沃利斯·斯蒂文斯Wallace Stevens Collected Poems1956年伊丽莎白·碧许Elizabeth Bishop Poems - North & South1957年理查德·威尔伯Richard Wilbur Things of This World1958年罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦Robert Penn Warren Promises Poems 1954-19561959年斯坦利·库尼兹Stanley Kunitz Selected Poems 1928-19581960年威廉·德威特·斯诺德格拉斯W. D. Snodgrass Heart's Needle1961年菲莉斯·麦金利Phyllis McGinley Times Three Selected Verse From Three Decades 1962年亚兰·杜根Alan Dugan Poems1963年威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯William Carlos Williams Pictures from Breughel1964年路易斯·辛普森Louis Simpson At The End Of The Open Road1965年约翰·贝里曼John Berryman 77 Dream Songs1966年理查德·埃伯哈特Richard Eberhart Selected Poems1967年安妮·塞克斯顿Anne Sexton Live or Die1968年安东尼·赫克特Anthony Hecht The Hard Hours1969年乔治·奥本George Oppen Of Being Numerous1970年理查德·霍华德Richard Howard Untitled Subjects1971年威廉·史坦利·默温William S. Merwin The Carrier of Ladders1972年詹姆士·莱特James Wright Collected Poems1973年马克辛·库敏Maxine Kumin Up Country1974年罗伯特·洛厄尔Robert Lowell The Dolphin1975年盖瑞·施耐德Gary Snyder 《龟岛》1976年约翰·阿什伯雷John Ashbery Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror1977年詹姆斯·梅里尔James Merrill Divine Comedies1978年霍华德·内梅罗夫Howard Nemerov Collected Poems1979年罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦Robert Penn Warren Now and Then1980年唐纳德·贾斯蒂斯Donald Justice Selected Poems1981年詹姆士·斯凯勒James Schuyler The Morning of the Poem1982年西尔维娅·普拉斯Sylvia Plath The Collected Poems1983年高尔韦·金内尔Galway Kinnell Selected Poems1984年玛丽·奥利弗Mary Oliver American Primitive1985年卡罗林·凯泽Carolyn Kizer Yin1986年亨利·泰勒Henry Taylor The Flying Change1987年丽塔·达夫Rita Dove Thomas and Beulah1988年威廉·梅瑞迪斯William Meredith Partial Accounts New and Selected Poems 1989年理查德·韦尔伯Richard Wilbur New and Collected Poems1990年查尔斯·西米克Charles Simic The World Doesn't End1991年莫娜·范杜因Mona Van Duyn Near Changes1992年詹姆士·塔特James Tate Selected Poems1993年路易丝·格拉克Louise Gluck The Wild Iris1994年尤瑟夫·科曼亚卡Yusef Komunyakaa Neon Vernacular New and Selected Poems 1995年菲力普·乐文Philip Levine The Simple Truth1996年乔里·格雷厄姆Jorie Graham The Dream of the Unified Field1997年丽泽·米勒Lisel Mueller Live Together New and Selected Poems1998年查尔斯·莱特Charles Wright Black Zodiac1999年马克·斯特兰德Mark Strand Blizzard of One2000年 C.K.·威廉斯C.K. Williams Repair2001年斯蒂芬·邓恩Stephen Dunn Different Hours2002年卡尔·丹尼斯Carl Dennis Practical Gods2003年保罗·马尔登Paul Muldoon Moy Sand and Gravel2004年弗朗兹·莱特Franz Wright Walking to Martha's Vineyard (ISBN 0375415181) 2005年Ted KooserTed Kooser Delights & Shadows2006年Claudia EmersonClaudia Emerson Late Wife2007年Natasha TretheweyNatasha Trethewey Native Guard。

在自然和自我中抒发浪漫主义情怀——评罗特克的诗

在自然和自我中抒发浪漫主义情怀——评罗特克的诗

特克有很多诗用水流象征精神的运动, 尤其 是《 远方的田野》 中的六首诗几乎每一首都有 水的象征。 漫长的水域》 如《 中的主人公来到 咸水和淡水交流、 风和水交汇的地力沉思 , 一 他
黔 沁 趣 爹 豁 矍 彝 翰 粉
“ 在长浪中失去自 我又找回自 。《 我” 牡砺河 口的沉思》 更是以水流作为贯穿全诗的主导
天河水冲破冰雪的束缚而奔流;他发出“ 水是 我的意愿、 我的方式” 的感怀, 他的精神进人 浪花, 和滨鸟一起飞翔。5 、 精神的客观对应 在 物:诗人并不直接描写主人公个体精神进入 自
自 然界的对象, 而是着力突出自然界中的对
象, 使读者感到主人公精神与对象认同, 这是
一种情感移人象征法。如《 玫瑰》 一诗中位于 海水和淡水交汇处的那朵玫瑰, 它在礁石上 昂然挺立、 迎风怒放, 象征精神出自自 又 然, 冲破物质世界的束缚, 成了超越时空的纯然 存在。它是主人公 自我精神的外化, 是精神 神融人 自 然和宇宙的特点。美国超验主义的 和自 然的融合。精神超越个体的局限与自 然 实现了“ 天人合一” 或 代表人物爱默生认为, 宇宙间存在着超灵, 它 或宇宙精神溶为一体, 是上帝的永恒精神。精神存在于自 然界、 存 个人灵魂和宇宙超灵的融合。 第三, 在罗特克诗中的自然还是精神的 在于人的内心, 个人的精神可以突破个体的 局限融入超灵。当人与自 然和谐时, 人的心 象征。爱默生在《 然》 论自 第四章“ 论语言” 中 灵可以接近上帝的精神。自 然对人具有有益 指出:“ 每一个 自 然事实都是某种精神事实的 然界的每一个现象都对应于某种心 的道德影响。罗特克的很多诗表现了个人精 象征。自 神融人自 进人永恒或超灵。具体而言, 然、 往 情。比如河流会使人想起一切事物的变化不 ” 往有这样几种形式: 1、 抒情主人公与 自然界 居, 溪流中投入石子产生的不断扩大的涟漪 的动植物认同, 这方面有很多例子, 远方 是影响力的美丽象征。罗特克深受爱默生思 如《 的田野》 中的主人公躺在沙滩上, 触动贝壳, 想的影响, 在他的诗中我们可以看到精神与 自 然对应, 自然万物反映纯粹的精神。他诗 在沉思中与动物发生认同。2 、 个体身份的转 换, 渴望》 如《 中的主人公躯体内有个灵魂在 中的动植物常被用作精神或心灵的象征。 罗特克还以温室植物象征精神。评论界 运动, 后来他“ 离开鲸鱼的身体” 。这圣经典 故象征他的精神再生。3、 个体精神走出或超 一般都认为罗特克的第二部诗集《 失去的儿

美国文学课程教学大纲

美国文学课程教学大纲

美国文学课程教学大纲课程编号:课程名称:美国文学英文名称:An Introduction to American Literature总学时:60讲课学时:60授课对象:英语专业本科生先修课程:高级英语学分:3课程性质:专业主干课开课参考学期:7教材:王守仁:《英国文学选读》,高等教育出版社,2005年2月。

教学参考教材:[1] 常耀信:《美国文学简史》,第二版,南开大学出版社, 2003年。

[2] 童明:《美国文学史》,译林出版社,2002。

一、课程教学目的、基本要求及在教学计划中的地位【教学目的】本课程作为英语专业主干课,旨在使学生对英国文学形成和发展的全貌有一个大概的了解;并通过阅读具有代表性的美国文学重点作品,理解作品的内容,学会分析作品的艺术特色,并努力掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法,促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高,增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。

【基本要求】本课程以教师课堂讲授为主,学生讨论为辅。

教学中简要介绍各个时期的文学特点,重点讲授主要作家的代表作品。

组织学生探讨课后思考题,并适当补充一些文学上有趣而又有争议的问题,促使其深入思考,培养其作深入细致研究的能力。

在本课程的教学过程中,给学生播放由文学作品改编的电影DVD等,加深感性认识,增进对文学的兴趣。

除教材外,给学生指定相关的参考书和网站,拓宽其知识面。

在教学过程中,教师应向学生介绍常见的文学术语,提高学生的文学素养。

在教学方法方面,要充分调动学生的学习兴趣,发挥其主体作用,采用启发式、研讨式等多种教学方法,形成师生互动式的教学模式,充分利用多媒体进行教学。

【在教学计划中的地位】专业主干课二、教学时间安排章序标题学时分配总学时讲授习题Lesson 1绪论 2 2 Lesson 2 本杰明·富兰克林 2 2 Lesson 3 埃德加·爱伦·坡 2 2 Lesson 4 拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生 2 2 Lesson 5 电影欣赏 2 2 Lesson 6 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 2 2 Lesson 7 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 2 2 Lesson 8 亨利·大卫·梭罗 2 2 Lesson 9 19世纪美国诗人(一) 2 2Lesson 10 19世纪美国诗人(二) 2 2Lesson 11 马克·吐温 2 2Lesson 12 亨利·詹姆斯 2 2Lesson 13 斯蒂芬·克莱恩 2 2Lesson 14 薇拉·凯瑟 2 2Lesson 15 舍伍德·安德森 2 2Lesson 16 凯萨琳·安·波特 2 2Lesson 17 电影欣赏 2 2Lesson 18 弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德 2 2Lesson 19 威廉·福克纳 2 2Lesson 20 厄内斯特·海明威 2 2Lesson 21 20世纪美国诗人(1) 2 2Lesson 22 尤金·格拉斯通·奥尼尔 2 2Lesson 23 埃·布·怀特 2 2Lesson 24 拉尔夫·华尔多·埃利森 2 2Lesson 25 20世纪美国诗人(2) 2 2Lesson 26 阿瑟·米勒 2 2Lesson 27 索尔·贝娄 2 2Lesson 28 约瑟夫·海勒 2 2Lesson 29 托尼·莫里森 2 2Lesson 30 总复习 2 2 合计60 60三、教学基本内容绪论主要内容:18世纪至今,美国文学史上各个历史时期,在不同阶段影响深远的代表性作家及其经典之作。

罗特克诗歌中的“阿尼玛”原型

罗特克诗歌中的“阿尼玛”原型

罗特克诗歌中的“阿尼玛”原型作者:唐毅朱凤君来源:《文学教育》2009年第04期“阿尼玛”(anima)是原型心理学术语,指人类集体无意识领域两种重要的心理原型。

现代心理学家卡尔·荣格认为,在每个人无意识深处都沉积着人类世代经验的记忆,即集体无意识。

这种无意识的种族记忆为我们展示了一组生动有力的原始心象,即“原型”。

原型能通过神话、宗教、梦、幻想和文学作品表现出来。

文学批评家借原型来表示常出现于文学、神话或民间传说,并能在读者心中激起强烈情感的一类形象、细节描述、情节或人物。

文学中常见的原型有阿尼玛、阴影、再生、英雄、大地母亲、树林、太阳、月亮、动物等。

“阿尼玛”指代男性心灵中的女性成分,“阿尼姆斯”(animus)则指代女性心灵中的男性成分。

千百年来,男性与女性的不断接触而形成阿尼玛原型,而女性也通过同异性接触而形成阿尼姆斯原型。

阿尼玛和阿尼姆斯能帮助实现两性之间的理解与协调,对于人格的完善至关重要。

[1]美国诗人西奥多·罗特克(Theodore Roethke,1908-1963)是现代诗歌史上的重要诗人,其诗歌以关注自我和内心以及营造神话般的朦胧意境见长。

我们试欣赏其代表作《来访者》(The Visitant)的第二节:像只鱼儿,她款款而至,像只鱼儿,她姗姗向前,于悠悠水波中摆弄身姿;裙儿未触及一片树叶,朝我张开白皙的手臂。

在绵绵暮色里,她悄然而至,未拂动水中石块,她来啦,风吹过她的发丝,正是月儿初上时。

[2]回到梦幻般的集体无意识,诗人在此将自己心中的“阿尼玛”人格化成一个幽灵般的神秘女子。

作为人格化原型,阿尼玛存在于意识阀以下,为诗歌主人公提供了理想化的女性形象,也使其产生了优先的情绪反映和冲动。

“鱼”象征新生,而“鱼”一般的女子象征主人公心中的理想女性。

女子在梦幻的黄昏时刻悄然出现,唤醒了他心中的激情与重生的渴望,并希冀着心中的“阿尼玛”引领自己走出阴霾,走向和谐,最终获得精神的新生。

【推荐下载】西奥多·罗斯福 The Man with the Muck-rake-范文word版 (5页)

【推荐下载】西奥多·罗斯福 The Man with the Muck-rake-范文word版 (5页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! == 西奥多·罗斯福 The Man with the Muck-raketheodore "teddy" rooseveltthe man with the muck-rakedelivered 14 april 1906演讲者简介:西奥多·罗斯福(英文:theodore roosevelt,又译狄奥多·罗斯福,人称老罗斯福,昵称泰迪(teddy),1858年10月27日-1919年1月6日),美国军事家、政治家,第26任总统。

关于耙粪记者的相关背景介绍:所谓“耙粪记者/耙粪运动”(muckraker),也称黑幕揭发记者/运动,是指美国19世纪末20世纪初掀起的一股新闻报道浪潮,一些记者和报刊致力于深入调查报道黑幕,揭发丑闻,对社会阴暗面进行揭示。

其名称源于西奥多·罗斯福总统的一次演讲。

此演讲中,罗斯福将20世纪初一批致力于揭丑、暴露、煽情等报道的记者,比作英国作家约翰·班扬小说《天路历程》中的一个反派人物,他从不仰望天空,只是手拿粪耙,埋头打扫地上的秽物。

但是被批评的揭丑记者却不以为然,反而欣然接受这个称号。

后来,人们便将这种新闻及报道这些新闻的记者和报刊称为耙粪运动、耙粪记者、耙粪报刊等,就如同人们将赫斯特报刊的煽情报道成为黄色新闻一样。

over a century ago washington laid the corner stone of thecapitol in what was then little more than a tract of wooded wilderness here beside the potomac. we now find it necessary to provide by great additional buildings for the business of the government.this growth in the need for the housing of the government is but a proof and example of the way in which the nation has grown and the sphere of action of the national government has grown. we now administer the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstripped by the growth of wealth in complex interests. the material problems that face us today are not such as they were in washington's time, but the underlying facts of humannature are the same now as they were then. under altered externalform we war with the same tendencies toward evil that were evident in washington's time, and are helped by the same tendencies for good. it is about some of these that i wish to say a word today.in bunyan's "pilgrim's progress" you may recall the descriptionof the man with the muck rake, the man who could look no way but downward, with the muck rake in his hand; who was offered a celestial crown for his muck rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth of the floor.in "pilgrim's progress" the man with the muck rake is set forthas the example of him whose vision is fixed on carnal instead of spiritual things. yet he also typifies the man who in this life consistently refuses to see aught that is lofty, and fixes his eyes with solemn intentness only on that which is vile and debasing.now, it is very necessary that we should not flinch from seeing what is vile and debasing. there is filth on the floor, and it mustbe scraped up with the muck rake; and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed. but the man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes, save of his feats with the muck rake, speedily becomes, not a help but one of the most potent forces for evil.there are in the body politic, economic and social, many andgrave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. there should be relentless exposure of and attack upon everyevil man, whether politician or business man, every evil practice, whether in politics, business, or social life. i hail as a benefactor every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform or in a book, magazine, or newspaper, with merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful.the liar is no whit better than the thief, and if his mendacity takes the form of slander he may be worse than most thieves. it putsa premium upon knavery untruthfully to attack an honest man, or even with hysterical exaggeration to assail a bad man with untruth.an epidemic of indiscriminate assault upon character does no good, but very great harm. the soul of every scoundrel is gladdened whenever an honest man is assailed, or even when a scoundrel is untruthfully assailed.。

西奥多·库珀----魁北克大桥失事记

西奥多·库珀----魁北克大桥失事记

第14卷第4期1997年11月工 程 力 学ENG IN EERIN G M ECHA N ICSV ol.14N o.4N ov. 1997西奥多 库珀——魁北克大桥失事记**本文收稿日期:1997年6月李著王景(清华大学土木系,北京100084) 1907年8月29日,在加拿大圣劳伦斯河上,魁北克大桥正在施工。

这是一座钢悬臂桥,主跨长达1800英尺(548.6m),是当时世界上最长的桥跨。

两端的锚跨结构(各长500英尺即152.4m)已完工,两悬臂跨各长562.5英尺(171.45m)也已完工,中间的悬吊跨也正在组装并已向河中伸出600英尺(182.9m)。

当时正是下午五点半,收工哨声已响过,工人们正在桁架上向岸边走去。

突然一声巨响,犹如放炮一般,南端锚跨的两根下弦杆突然被压屈,并牵动了整个南端的结构。

其结果是南端的整个锚跨及悬臂跨,以及已部分完工的中间悬吊跨,共重一万九千吨的钢材垮了下来。

由于那里的河水很深,可以行驶远洋邮轮,落入河中的桥身迅即无影无踪,只留下靠近岸边的已被扭曲的部分锚跨桥身和水中漂浮着的一些木板说明刚刚出了大事故。

当时在桥上工作的86个人中只有11人获救。

据目击者说桥身“就像是一根底部迅速融化的冰柱”般的坍塌下来。

这个事故在桥梁史上是场影响深远的灾难。

虽然整个事故的过程才15秒钟,但根子早在好几年前就种了下来。

故事要从1887年说起。

那一年加拿大成立了魁北克桥梁公司并获批准于3年内在圣劳伦斯河上造一座铁路车辆两用桥。

1897年时,这项批准已延期了3次,并且最后一次将于1905年到期。

总工程师霍尔(E. A.Ho ar e)于是就写信给美国宾州(Pennsylv ania)的凤凰桥梁公司(Phoenix Bridge Com pany),请他们在当年六月参加在魁北克举行的美国土木工程师学会年会的工程师顺便造访他一次,讨论魁北克大桥的工程项目。

参加这次讨论的有凤凰公司的总工程师丁斯(John Sterling Deans)及美国最杰出的桥梁工程师西奥多.库珀(T heodore Coo per)。

杨子简介 只能一步步靠近 ——我的诗歌翻译之路

杨子简介 只能一步步靠近 ——我的诗歌翻译之路

02诗歌理论·中旬刊1980年代初开始诗歌创作和诗歌翻译,在国内和美国、英国、加拿大发表大量作品,2013年获第三届张枣诗歌奖。

著有诗集《灰眼睛》(自印)、《胭脂》(海风出版社),译诗集《曼德尔施塔姆诗选》(河北教育出版社)、《费尔南多·佩索阿诗选》(河北教育出版社)、《盖瑞·斯奈德诗选》(江苏文艺出版社),当代艺术专著《艺术访谈录》(上海人民出版社)等。

杨 子只能一步步靠近——我的诗歌翻译之路1982年4月和6月,在南开大学,大二第二学期,我试着翻译了十七首叶芝的诗歌,其中一首《白色鸟》发在我和几位同学的油印诗集《六弦琴》里。

亲爱的,愿我们是白色的鸟儿在海的泡沫上!愿我们是流星的火焰的轮子,在它熄灭逃避的时光;薄暮蓝色星星的火焰,低低悬在天边,已经唤醒我们的心灵,我爱,悲哀不会死亡。

原版叶芝诗集是文科系高级英语班(我和中文系八零级另外两位同学是该班学员)薛琛老师帮我从图书馆借的,具体哪个版本,我当时没记下来。

比照裘小龙的汉译,最后两句应该是译错了,后来也没修订,这里暂且改为——04诗歌理论·中旬刊已经在我们心中唤起,我爱,永不消亡的悲伤。

还有一首《死之梦》:我梦见那人在一个奇僻之地死去,在陌生土地那边。

他们将棺盖钉上,遮住她的面庞,那块土地上的农民一边惊诧,一边把她安顿进黄土,在覆盖她的土堆上两块木板钉成的十字架竖起来,四周种上青青松柏。

我刻下这些文字,便扔下她,让她与高空冷淡的星星在一起:她比得到你的初爱时更美了,如今长眠在地下。

可能是1990年,我又翻译了叶芝的两首诗,一首是《纪念艾娃·高·布思和贡·马凯维奇》,另一首是《本·布尔本山下》。

这些搁置多年未作修订的试译,现在读来当然稚嫩,却有一种令我惊诧的神奇的美——夜的光芒,丽萨黛尔,巨大的窗户朝向南方,两个女孩身穿丝绸和服,两个都很美,其中一个像瞪羚。

而咆哮的秋从夏天的花冠上砍下鲜花;大的已濒临死亡…………我不知小的梦见什么——没准是模糊的乌托邦……——《纪念艾娃·高·布思和贡·马凯维奇》从大二到大四,除叶芝外,陆续试译过《雅歌》、济慈、华兹华斯、柯勒律治、丁尼生、罗塞蒂兄妹、史文朋、维切尔·林赛(《中国夜莺》)和麦克里希。

西奥多 罗特克

西奥多  罗特克
In the fall of 1935 Roethke assumed his second teaching post at Michigan State College at Lansing but was soon hospitalized for what would prove to be recurring bouts of mental illness. Throughout his subsequent career Roethke used these periodic incidents of depression for creative self-exploration. They allowed him, as he said, to "reach a new level of reality." He taught at Pennsylvania State University from 1936 to 1943, publishing in such prestigious journals as Poetry, the New Republic, the Saturday Review, and Sewanee Review. He brought out his first volume of verse, Open House, in 1941. Not insignificantly, the title piece of this first book stands as an early figure for the confessional aesthetic of Roethke's later poetry.
The author’s photos
The poet Stanley Kunitz said of Roethke, "The poet of my generation who meant most to me, in his person and in his art, was Theodore Roethke."

西奥多

西奥多

西奥多•罗斯福对美日危机的管理西奥多?罗斯福总统在任期内的最重要外交成果就是平息了美日危机。

这次危机不仅奠定了美国在太平洋与日本军事对峙的格局,还是1921年12月“英日同盟”解体的重要诱因,因此具有很高的学术研究价值。

罗斯福与美日危机的根源美日危机的根本原因是日本人对《朴茨茅斯条约》的不满和美国人对日本野心日益膨胀的担忧。

前者与罗斯福在日俄战争问题上的失策是分不开的。

罗斯福曾经对日本怀有一种非理性的好感,使他被日本支持“门户开放”政策的表态所迷惑,从而支持它发动日俄战争,以打破俄国独霸中国东北的局面。

然而,罗斯福希望俄国势力被削弱而非完全被排除于远东的均势之外。

当日本在对马海战中取得决定性胜利后,他决心阻止日本取得完全胜利和俄国被彻底打败。

1905年9月5日,日俄双方在罗斯福的调停下签订了《朴茨茅斯条约》,日本放弃了六亿美元的战争赔款要求,只得到了半个萨哈林岛(库页岛)。

日本民众因为“同世界最大的陆军国作战,内心的不安越甚,对战利品的梦想也就越发无限度地膨胀起来……期待着痛苦牺牲后的补偿”,所以对媾和条约的内容大为不满,乃至引发了日比谷骚乱事件。

由于美国的态度前后不一致,日本人自然会产生反美情绪,甚至迁怒于罗斯福本人。

此后,日本为了独霸南满而实行“关门政策”,严重损害了美国在华利益,加上日本对菲律宾、夏威夷等地的领土野心,美日矛盾的激化已经不可避免。

美国已经取代了俄国成为日本的头号假想敌。

本来越来越多的美国人就对日本的军国主义扩张感到不安,加州人更是对每年上万名日本劳工的涌入心存反感。

早在1905年,美国西海岸的反日情绪已经不容忽视。

当年5月,罗斯福曾愤怒地说道:“这些州的参议员和众议员去年对海军漠不关心。

他们对日本的敌视态度进行挑战,并且以他们的行动证明日本人对我们可能采取的任何态度都是正确的,而同时又拒绝采取任何步骤以保护我们自己免受这一强大敌人的伤害。

我对此有一种轻蔑的感觉。

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