非谓语动词逻辑主语省略的情况
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换,那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢?首先,需要分清主从复合句,然后取消从句,一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如,将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次,如果从句的谓语动词是主动式,就要把谓语动词改为现在分词;如果从句的谓语动词是被动式,就要把谓语动词改为过去分词,并且要注意时态的变化。
例如,将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外,使用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致,在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时,要把从句的主语保留,其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如,将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是,在使用分词短语作状语时,它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下,它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如:1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
(高考非谓语动词用法总结)
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,也是较难掌握的难点之一。
它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。
但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。
不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。
高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词+不定式等。
1.作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
) (2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)2.作宾语(1)常只用不定式作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,ag ree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。
eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用it代替,放在后面。
eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语在高中英语新教材中,非谓语动词的应用是学生学习的重点,其中非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语的关系是学生学习的难点。要解决这一难题,必须注意以下四个方面。一、非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的概念1. 非谓语动词是指不能在句中充当谓语的动词形式,即动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词四种形式。2. 逻辑主语是指非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,二者之间在逻辑上存在着主谓关系。二、逻辑主语的判断1. 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如:1) He likes helping others. (He是helping的逻辑主语)2) Moved by his words, I told him all the news. (I是moved的逻辑主语)2. 介词of或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例如:1) It’s kind of you to tell me the news. (you是to tell的逻辑主语)2) It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.(you是to finish的逻辑主语)3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如:1) The teacher asked me to answer his question. (me是to answer的逻辑主语)2) I saw him playing at the river side. (him是playing的逻辑主语)三、逻辑主语对非谓语动词语态的影响1. 如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词表示的动作的执行者,非谓语动词就用主动形式。例如:1) I like to go out for a walk after supper.2) He enjoys singing songs.2. 如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词的动作的承受者,非谓语动词就用被动形式。例如:1) The boy dislikes being laughed at.2) Tom asked to be sent to the front. 3. 当句子中既有非谓语动词的逻辑主语又有逻辑宾语时,非谓语动词用主动形式。例如:He has a lot of work to do.4. 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是动宾关系,而且句子中有表语形容词时,非谓语动词用主动形式。例如:1) The work is easy to do.2) The problem is difficult to deal with.四、分词和动名词的逻辑主语的区别1. 分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。如果不一致,则要补出它自己的逻辑主语。例如:1) It being a fine day, we went out for a picnic.2) The homework finished, she began to watch TV.以上两例中的逻辑主语It和The homework不能缺少。2. 动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,可以补出来动名词的逻辑主语。例如:1) Would you mind my opening the window?2) Would you mind opening the window?3. 动名词的逻辑主语常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格充当,而分词的逻辑主语一般用主格形式(作宾语除外)。试比较:1) Tom’s being late made the teacher angry.Tom being late, the teacher got angry.2) I being late, the teacher got angry.My being late made the teacher angry.注意:1) 当动名词作宾语时,其逻辑主语也可用宾格形式。试比较:Would you mind my opening the window?Would you mind me opening the window?2) 当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或不定代词时,不能用名词或代词的所有格。例如:Is there any hope of our class (不能说class’s) winning the match?I was woken up by someone (不能说someone’s) crying for help.总之,非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系要在具体的语言环境中加以分析和判断1.(MET86)Tell him ___ the window.A.to shut notB.not to shutC.to not shutD.not shut2.(MET89)She pretended ___me when I passed by.A.not to seeB.not seeingC.to not seeD.having not seen3. It’s a great honour for me ______ to sp eak here.A.to inviteB.to be invitedC.to invitedD..to have invited4.(上海96) When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person____.A.to sendB.for sending itC.to send it toD.for sending it to5. - You have come just in time to help us- Fine, what needs ____.A. I doB. doneC. to be done D .to do6.04-27福建The news reporter hurried to the airport, only___the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be told C .telling D. told7. 05—8浙江——more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found outKey (BABCCBA) 1.I can’t think of ____ alone any longer.A. you livingB. you being livedC. you liveD. you are living2. He narrowly escaped ____ by a car..A. killingB. being killedC. having killedD. killed3. I’m afraid of ___ at home alone.A. leavingB. leftC. being leftD. live4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed___.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch5. Have you finished ___the notice on the blackboard?A. writtenB. wroteC. writingD. to write6.04—34安徽I really can’t understand ____ her like that.A. you treatB. you to treatC. why treatD. you treating7. 92—26上海He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been calledB. calledC. having calledD. being calledKey (ABCCCDD)1.(86MET)The next morning she found the man ___in bed ,dead.A. lying B .lie C. lay D. laying2.(90MET) ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given3(92MET) ___ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received4. (97MET) The Olympic Games,_____ in 776 B. C. , did not include women playersuntil 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing5. (93上海) He didn’t keep on asking me the ti me any longer as he had had hiswatch____.A.. to repairB. repairedC. repairingD. repair6.(05—7天津) You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____often enough.A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained 7.(05—26湖北) ——from other continents for millions of years, Australia hasmanyplants and animals not found in any other countryin the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To beseparatedKey ( A ACCBDC)。
找非谓语动逻辑主语的方法
主动
to do to be doing
to have done doing
(一般/正在进行)
having done (已经完成)
被动
to be done
to have been done being done (正在进行)
having been done (已经完成,不作定语)
过去 分词
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11. will be better.
12.
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5.5) 作宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语一 般是
6. 宾语;
7. I saw Tom climbing the tall tree
8. when I passed by.
9.
I was disappointed to find
my
10.
suggestions turnded down.
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5.4) 作状语时,首先看此非谓语动词 前是
6. 否自带逻辑主语,否则,其逻辑 主语
7. 一般是句子的主语;
8. Coming into the room, she saw
9. everybody at work.
10. Seen from the top of the hill, the view
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
done (已经完成/一般情况)
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5.6) 作主语补足语时,其逻辑主语一 般是
6. 句子的主语。
7.
Tom was seen climbing the
tall tree
8. at 7 pm.
9. The jewelry store was found broken
(完整版)非谓语动词考点总结归纳
Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握 .)
考点三:非谓语动词作表语 不定式、动名词、分词做表语:
1. 不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如
: be, seem, remain,
appear 等后面 , 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词,如:
We met many guests ,most of them Americans.( 补充说明 )
非谓语动词考点总结归纳
非谓语动词包括 不定式,动名词和分词 。它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是 高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:
①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知o melt.
2) 当 begin 和 start 用于进行时时 .
eg: He is beginning to study English.
3) 当 begin 和 start 后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时 . eg: I began to believe his story.
2.分词 解题诀窍:找逻辑主语,辨逻辑关系,析动作先后
语法作用:
1)表示时间,相当于表示时间,相当于状语从句
when, while 。常用于连词 When, before, while, after,
since 等后面。也可以省略连词
eg. When allowed, we are supposed to come into the room.
非谓语动词题的八条经典原则(学生)
三步解非谓语动词遇到有关非谓语动词的单选题,可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度,从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。
第一步:根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式,看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。
非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表注:1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语;2).现在分词完成式不作定语。
1.非谓语形式作主语或宾语时,除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。
其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。
例如:1).It’s very kind of you to help us.2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North.3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment .4).Please show us how to do that.2.作状语时,不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语,其它状语都用分词来表示。
例如:1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock.(“非谓语 主句”模式中,非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开,此句中的不定式只作目的状语;此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语,有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though等连词,如:①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.)2).He came here only to say good-bye to us.(不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号)3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic.(不定式在主句之后,又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果)第二步:在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。
非谓语动词逻辑主语可以不表示出来的情况
⾮谓语动词逻辑主语可以不表⽰出来的情况⼀般说来,⾮谓语动词的逻辑主语必定能在所在句中找到,否则被视为有语法错误。
但是,下列的⾮谓语动词形式逻辑主语却允许不表⽰出来。
⼀、不定式短语在下列情况下,逻辑主语可不表⽰出来。
1.不定式作主语或表语时泛指⼀个动作,并⽆具体实施者,其隐含主语是one。
例如:To borrow books from this library, it is necessary to register as a member of the library. [For one to borrow...]要从这个图书馆借书,在图书馆做登记是必要的。
To take such an attitude is to seek truth from facts.这种态度就是实事求是的态度。
2.不定式短语作插⼊语表⽰说话⼈的态度,其隐含的主语是I或we。
例如:To sum up, we have to work still harder.总之,我们还得更加努⼒地⼯作。
To tell the truth, I don't agree with you.⽼实说,我不同意你的意见。
3.不定式短语的逻辑主语可在上下⽂中找到。
例如:Well, I put on weight again. To take it off would be no easy job.嗯,我⼜发胖了。
再要减肥可不容易。
4.在⼀些科学论著中,隐含的不定式短语的逻辑主语是I, we, you(即作者或读者)。
例如:To increase the rate of reaction, a catalyst is used.要加快反应速度就得使⽤催化剂。
This medicine should be taken before meals to get the best result.这种药应在饭前服⽤以获得最佳疗效。
⼆、-ing分词短语在下列情况下,其逻辑主语可不表⽰出来。
语法复习——非谓语动词(二)
一、过去分词
过去分词一般表示被动和完成意义,可在句子中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动和完成意义。
1.过去分词作定语的几种情况
(1)过去分词作定语,通常与所修饰的名词存在动宾关系,意义上相当于使用被动语态的定语从句。例:
他走进屋后,后面跟着一些孩子。(表示伴随状态)
(相当于…, and he was followed by some children.)
5.怎样使用过去分词独立结构作状语
如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,分词就须带上自己的逻辑主语。过去分词独立结构由“名(代)词+过去分词”构成。过去分词独立结构作状语,分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者。过去分词独立结构可作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状语等。例:
The injured man was taken to hospital.
那个受伤的人被送到了医院。
(the injured man=the man who were injured)
The letter posted yesterday will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
(相当于Because he was lost in thought, …)
(3)Given enough time, he could do it better.
如果给他充足的时间,他可以做得更好。(表示条件)
(相当于If he was given enough time,…)
(4)He went into the house, followed by some children.
非谓语动词作状语 逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释
非谓语动词作状语逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述非谓语动词作状语以及逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系是语法学中重要的概念,对于理解句子的结构和意义起着关键的作用。
非谓语动词可以以动词、形容词、副词和介词短语的形式出现在句子中,并且在句子中起到修饰或补充动词的作用。
有时,非谓语动词能够包含丰富的信息,使句子更具表达力和准确性。
逻辑主语是一个概念,指的是在一个句子中承担实际动作或状态的实体或事物。
逻辑主语与动词之间存在着主被动关系,也就是动词所表示的动作或状态是由逻辑主语所承担的。
主动语态表示逻辑主语执行动作,而被动语态则表示逻辑主语接受动作。
本文旨在探讨非谓语动词作状语的定义、分类和用法,并且分析非谓语动词作状语的实际运用。
同时,我们还将深入研究逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系,介绍逻辑主语的定义和作用,以及动词的主被动关系的规律。
通过示例分析,我们将展示非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的重要性和实际应用。
最后,本文的结论将总结非谓语动词作状语的重要性,并归纳逻辑主语和动词的主被动关系的规律。
同时,本文也将探讨对语言学研究的启示,以期为语法学领域的进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。
通过对非谓语动词作状语和逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系的深入理解和应用,我们可以更好地理解句子的结构和意义,提高语言表达的准确性和流利性。
1.2 文章结构2.1 定义和分类:在本章中,我们将探讨非谓语动词作状语的相关概念和分类。
非谓语动词是指在句子中作除谓语外的其他成分的动词形式。
它们可以用来修饰主语、谓语、宾语以及其他成分,起到状语的作用。
根据用途和形式的不同,非谓语动词可以分为分词、不定式和动名词等几种类型。
首先,我们来看分词。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词通常以-ing结尾,而过去分词则是根据动词的不同规则变化而来。
分词作状语时,可以表达时间、条件、原因、方式、目的等不同的意义。
其次,不定式是另一种常见的非谓语动词形式。
非谓语动词之独立主格结构
非谓语动词之独立主格结构独立主格结构(The Absolute Structure)指由逻辑主语+逻辑谓语构成的结构,独立于句子之外,并在句子中作状语、定语等成分的结构。
1.构成独立主格结构主要有两种形式,一种是非谓语动词构成的独立主格结构,一种是名词/代词+其他词类构成的独立主格结构。
(1)非谓语动词构成的独立主格结构非谓语动词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与主句一致,但有时其逻辑主语不是主句的主语,此时应在其前加上其逻辑主语,所以“逻辑主语+动词-ing”、“逻辑主语+动词-ed”、“逻辑主语+不定式”便构成了非谓语形式的独立主格结构。
独立主格结构在句中主要作状语,更多地用于书面语中。
Leaves falling here and there , I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.(Leaves是falling的逻辑主语,独立主格结构在句中作原因状语。
)The boy was knocked over , blood streaming down his head .(blood是streaming的逻辑主语,独立主格结构在句中作结果状语。
)The plan successfully carried out , everything worked out perfectly . (the plan是carried out的逻辑主语,独立主格结构在句中作原因状语。
)Lost of homework to do , I have to stay home all day . (名词+不定式)(2)名词/代词+其他词类构成的独立主格结构名词/代词+名词、名词/代词+形容词、名词/代词+副词、名词/代词+介词短语也可构成独立主格结构。
Many people attended the conference , most of them experts from the States.(代词+名词)She was sitting at the table , head in her hands . (名词+介词短语)All the windows open , the air in the room is fresher .(名词+形容词)The football game over , the streets were soon crowded with the spectators .(名词+副词)2.独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构一般作状语,有的特殊形式可作定语。
非谓语动词的用法
不定式的句法功能:1、作主语:To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It means failure to lose your heart.2、作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.3、作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail,plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 等。
如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:He found it important to study English well.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4、作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, advise, persuade,allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.5、作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend.注意:不定式为不及物动词时,后必须要加介词,如:He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?②被修饰词是序数词或者被序数词修饰:He is the first to get here.6、作状语:①表目的He worked day and night to get the money.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.right:To save money, he has tried every means.wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表结果:He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:I visited him only to find him out.③表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.7. 作独立成分:to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be exact8. 不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)动词非谓语形式一.基本概念:顾名思义,不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词,有to do(动词不定式)/ -ing(现在分词/动名词)/ -ed(过去分词)三个形式。
由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制,故也称为"非限定动词"。
(研究中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词)二.非谓语动词的时态和语态意义:英语中动词有两大基本特征:时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词也是动词,当然也具备动词的这两大特征。
1.时态概念:非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念,他与谓语动词时态的区别是:谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念,如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。
而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来",即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时",与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间(段)的称为"现在时",而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。
这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。
2.语态概念:与谓语动词一样,非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
也就是要记住四句话:(1)表示将来时;(2)表示现在时;(3)表示曩昔时(一定是被动的)(4)动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下,下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态:Your duty is to look after the sick child。
(你的责任是照料这个病孩。
将来/主动)The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person。
非谓语的常见误用情况
非谓语的常见误用情况由于自身的特点和复杂性,非谓语动词是较难掌握语法项目之一,也是各类考题热点命题方向。
非谓语动词内容很多,因此命题的知识点也有很多。
各类考题除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外,还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。
易错点回顾:1. 下面短语中的to是介词,后面只能跟名词或动名词:devote oneself/one’s time, energy, etc. to(投入……),get down to(着手干……),lead to (通向,导致),object to(反对),pay attention to (注意),look forward to (盼望),be used to (习惯于),stick to (坚持)等。
此种情况分类如下:一、动词+介词to+动名词1. admit to doing sth 承认做了某事2. apply to doing sth 适用于做某事3. object to doing sth 反对做某事4. see to doing sth 负责做某事5. stick to doing sth 坚持做某事6. take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事,逐渐习惯做某事。
7. lead to通向8. see to 负责二、动词+宾语+介词to+动名词9.devote oneself to doing sth专心致力于做某事把……献给做某事;献身于做某事10. limit sth to doing sth 把…限制在做某事的范围内11. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事12. give one’s life to doing sth 献身于做某事13. give one’s mind to doing sth 专心做某事14. have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事15. have an eye to doing sth16. have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事17. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事18. set one’s mind to doing sth 决心做某事三、be+形容词(含过去分词)+介词to+动名词19. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事,能胜任做某事20. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事21. be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事22. be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事23. be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱,精力等)献给做某事24. be limited to doing sth把……限制在做某事的范围内四、其他结构+介词to+动名词25. get down to doing sth开始做某事,认真处理某事26. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事五、to作介词(后接名词、动名词)短语一览be / get / become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢;癖好be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于;对…上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于;专心于be devoted to 致力于;忠诚于be admitted to 被…录取;准进入be reduced to 沦为reduce…to…使…沦为be attached to附属于;喜欢;依恋be adjusted to 适应be known to 为…所知be married to 和…结婚be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和…连在一起be exposed to 暴露于;遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare… to…把…比作…be engaged to 与…订婚be / become / get accustomed to accustomed to 惯于;有…习惯be engaged to 与…订婚get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对;不喜欢;不赞成put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意attend to 专心;注意;照料see to 负责;注意contribute to对…作贡献;有助于make contributions to对…作贡献apply oneself to 致力于come close to几乎;将近reply to 回答add to 增加add up to 加起来in addition to除…之外turn to转向;求助于feel up to 能胜任于look up to 尊敬admit to承认belong to 属于take to 喜爱;开始cling to 附着fall to 开始respond to 回答;对…作出回应accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于amount to等于prefer… to…更喜欢set an example to 给…树立榜样refer to 谈到;参考;查阅agree to sth. 同意某事(比较:agree to do sth. 同意做某事)prefer… to…更喜欢take / make a trip to到…地方去join…to…把…和…连接起来turn a blind eye to对…视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻show honor to向…表示敬意put an end to(bring… to an end) 结束set fire to 放火烧……drink (a toast) to 为……干杯propose a toast to 提议……happen to… 发生了……事occur to sb. 想起;想到total up to 总计达be close to 几乎;将近hold to 坚持;抓住help oneself to 随便用……hold on to 抓住;固守do harm to 对……有害处do wrong to 冤枉某人date back to 追溯到when it comes to… 谈到……时come to 来到;达到;结果为 (比较:come to do sth逐渐做某事)give an eye to着眼于have an eye to doing 打算the key to ……的答案describe to 向……描述treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人pay a visit to 参观……access to 进入;取得的方法be a stranger to 不习惯;对……陌生on one’s way to 在去某处的路上;在达成某事的过程中be kind to 对……和善be important to 对……重要be senior to 年龄长于……be equal to 和……相等be particular to ……所特有的(比较:be particular about 对……过于讲究;挑剔)be subject to 服从;隶属;易遭\受\患be familiar to 为……熟悉be similar to 和……相似be open to 对……开放be loyal to 对……忠诚be helpful to对……有益处be useful to对……有用be good to sb对某人好(比较:be good for 对……有益处)be bad to 对……不好be bad for(比较:对……有害处)be new to 对……不习惯;对……陌生as to 关于;至于next to(否定词前)几乎;be due to do sth.预定要做某事next to ……的旁边due to 由于;归因于……thanks to 多亏了;由于owing to 由于;因……的缘故in / with regard to 关于in /with relation to 关于;就……而论subject to 在……条件下;依照be given to 沉溺于be related to 与…相关get down to着手做lead to 着手做object to / be opposed to 反对p ut one’s mind to全神贯注于be equal to 胜任devote oneself to献身于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意be addicted to 沉溺于…对…上瘾according to 根据access to 接近(某地的)方法contribute to 为…作贡献[误]His whole family objected to his give up the job.[正]His whole family objected to his giving up the job.2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式:afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词一览表一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义①to do:表示要做或去做,表个别行为,表目的;②doing:做了,经常做,用来做,或一般行为(动名词)。
表主动含义“正在做”,形容词化翻译成“令人…的”(现在分词);③done:表示被动含义“被做”或“已做”“已被做”,形容词化后翻译成“(某人)感到…的”或“被…的”或“已…的”(表语、定语、状语)。
(先记住三种非谓语动词的基本含义,在以下的讲解中就能慢慢领会贯通。
)动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:1. 动名词充当主语,宾语,和同位语。
现在分词充当状语和补语。
两者都可以做定语,但是意义不同。
作定语时,动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途;现在分词说明名词的动作,即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢,即一个用于睡觉的车(sleeping为动名词表用途)a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子,即一个正在睡觉的孩子(sleeping为现在分词表正在进行的动作)注意:做定语时,动名词和现在分词的读音不同。
(a ‘sleeping car),(a sleeping ‘child)。
2.动名词具有名词的性质。
现在分词则没有。
①动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰:I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。
Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗?He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看。
A knocking at the door was heard. 一阵敲门声被听到了。
②动名词和名词一样有所有格、复数形式:He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship.他喜欢阅读是因为阅读的好处,而不是因为奖学金。
非谓语动词的用法精讲
非谓语动词的用法
在英语语法中,掌握好动词的用法是最重要的,而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分,由于它们内容多,有些用法相似,所以不好掌握,经常被混淆用错,笔者通过列表比较方法,我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然,找出异同,更好的掌握它们的用法,下面通过列表比较的方式,分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系
二.非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义
2. 一般现在分词,完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别
三.非谓语动词的句法作用
1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表
2. 非谓语动词作主语
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
4. 非谓语动词作表语
5. 非谓语动词作定语
6. 非谓语动词作状语
7. 非谓语动词作同谓语
8. 非谓语动词作插入语
四. 非谓语动词的特殊形式
五. 非谓语动词的否定形式
英语中将来时的表示形式
赵宝斌
表示将要发生的动作和状态在英语中用将来时,将来时在英语中有多种表达形式,为了掌握它们的区别和用法,下面笔者对它们进行分类总结。
非谓语动词分词的逻辑主语问题
分词的逻辑主语问题一、什么是分词的逻辑主语分词属非谓语动词,即不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。
但是,分词作为动词的一种形式,它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语:I often hear him singing this song. 我经常听他唱这首歌。
(him 是singing的逻辑主语)Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 听到这消息,他禁不住哭了。
(he是hearing的逻辑主语)若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式,则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”:I often hear this song sung. 我经常听到有人唱这首歌。
(this song 是sung的逻辑主语,但是sing 的逻辑宾语)I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。
(her是being taken 的逻辑主语,但是take 的逻辑宾语)二、使用分词逻辑主语的易错点分词作状语,它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语,否则会出错。
请看下例:(1) Finding her car stolen, ______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB.the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD.she hurried to a policeman for help此题答案应选D,因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”,而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。
在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动,如:(2) _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though to be toldC. Having toldD. He was told根据句意,he 与 tell 应是被动关系。
非谓语动词的用法归纳
非谓语动词Non-Finite Verb I 非谓语的三种形式II 本章要点I非谓语语法点分述一、不定式to do1.不定式结构作主语➢To see is to believe.➢It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.a.在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:➢It’s a great pleasure to be here.➢It is not an easy thing to master a language.★区分用法★1)直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。
2)如主语和表语都是to do,则只能采用第一种形式。
➢对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
3)如是疑问句或感叹句,则只能采用第二种形式。
➢What is it like to be there?➢What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!b.用It is+形容词作表语时,由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
(1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。
.(2)of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★小试身手★1)To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.2)对他来说,学两门外语是很困难的。
3)你能这么说很有礼貌。
★真题试炼★1)It’s important _____ the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing2)It’s wrong _____ her like that.A. of you to treatB. for you to treatC. of you treatingD. for you treating2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:➢To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.➢To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语★小试身手★1)了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.2)你有什么可以吃的东西吗?3)许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.5.不定式结构作状语基本用法:不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
高中英语非谓语知识点
高中英语非谓语知识点非谓语动词就是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。
它包括动词的不定式、V-ing和V-ed三种形式。
非谓语动词具有双重性质,它既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。
下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语非谓语知识,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!高中英语非谓语知识1动词不定式动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式,即非谓语动词形式,它有两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。
所有行为动词都有不定式形式,其否定式是在不定式前加not。
动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
(一)动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
1、不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的(1)一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。
(to live 发生在 made plans之后)(2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。
He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。
注意:不定式的进行式常同may, might, can, could, must, need, ought to, should, will, would 等情态动词连用,表示“可能、应当或想必”正在进行的动作。
You oughtn’t to be talking so much. 你不应该说这么多。
He might be reading a novel at that time. 那时他可能正在读小说。
语法 (非谓语动词考点归纳)
3.不定式作表语
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质 表按计划要做的事情.
1. I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better. A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking
2. I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard
7.不定式作结果状语
常用enough to,only to,never to,so + 形容 词/副词 + as to, such + 名词… as to do引导。
Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He is brave enough to go out alone at night I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时, 介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then.