黑龙江大学跨文化课后keyword选词填空
chapter6黑大跨文化教学课件
Oculesics Repeating Paralanguage
Complementing
Silence Haptics
Kinesics Regulating Proxemics Chromatics Contradicting Chronemics Attire
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Text A Significance of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal behavior is a significant area of communication study for at least three reasons. Nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations. Nonverbal behavior spontaneously reflects the subconsciousness. We cannot avoid communicating through nonverbal signals.
Western cultures think time is linear — a flow from the past to the present to the future.
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Monochronic and polychronic
2. Silence
Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that may be interpreted in various ways depending upon the situation, the duration of the silence, and the culture. The use of silence in communication is also important. Silence can communicate agreement, apathy (冷漠), awe (敬畏), confusion, contemplation (沉思), disagreement, embarrassment, obligation, regret, repressed hostility, respect, sadness, thoughtfulness, or any number of meanings.
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter 8 (2)
Biomedical Approach
• People are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces
Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care Context
The health care system in the United States typically focuses solely on the individual patient. In Latin America, competent treatment for patiens may require the involvement and agreement of other family members.
The Educational Context
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers Classroom Participation Turn Taking
CONCLUSIONS:
• There is a big difference between teaching and learning. • The teacher needs to understand how the learner learns and what the learner learns. • Language learning requires raising cultural awareness. • Learning a target language requires a positive attitude towards the target culture.
大学生跨文化交际keywordsunit1unit6
大学生跨文化交际keywordsunit1unit6Key concepts:Unit 1 Passage A1.A_reserved_ person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. (reservation:) Para .12. This reluctance to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of _________, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. (coldness) Para. 33.Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of _________. Self-praise is felt to impolite. (modesty) Para. 44.The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self-dispraise, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself —at one's own faults, one's own failures , even at one's own ideals. (humor) Para. 55.Rules are the essence of sport, and _________ is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, _________ as an ideal is applied to life in general. (sportsmanship)para7Unit 1 Passage B1.In the mid-nineteenth century, the pioneering spirit led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold (para3).The desire to start a new life in a newplace is noticeable throughout the nation (para 4).2.(freedom:the spirit of liberty) :课本里没有，上课讲过的美国建国史、黑人解放等Social mobility(社会流动性）--movement from class to class-has always been characteristic of the United States.Americans don’t see themselves as strugglin g to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class.Instead they think in terms of higher income to pay for a bigger house, a trip to Europe, summer camp for their children, or more retirement insurance. Para. 113.The courage to try something new has been an American characteristic since colonial times, when the nation’s founding fathers created the American democracy. Para 84.The Declaration of Independence says, “All men are created equal.”This statement doesn’t mean that all human beings are equal in ability or ambition, but that all people should be treated equally before the law and given equal privileges and opportunities, insofar as government can control these. Para. 45.However,equal treatment and opportunity for all are ideals toward which American society is moving ever closer. (Para. 8) The American belief in equality of opportunity is illustrated by the Horatio Alger myth.(Para. 9)6.These popular “rags-to-riches” stories exemplified the American Dream- the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame though diligence and virtue Para 97.Prior to the mid-1960s, American initiative to experiment was encouraged by a generally optimistic outlook.The typical American believed in trying something new in an attempt to make life better. He had a firm faith in the possibility of progress.But by the end of the 1970s, this national optimism全民乐观精神, which set the United States apart from all other nations, was gone. Para.14Unit 1 Passage C1.(group and stability) Para. 2 理解第3、4、5三段中国家庭、社会构成和社会关系的构成，由此导致的中国人的群体性和家庭社会关系的稳定性。
黑大跨文化英语试题
订
线
2006-2007学年第一学期（秋季学期）大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（A卷）
（院系：专业：年级：）
题号
I
15分
II
20分
III
8分
IV
15分
V
10分
VI
17分
VII
15分
卷面分
100
折合60%
随堂测试20分
课堂表现20分
总分
评卷人
得分
得分
评卷人
PartI.Multiple Choice（15 points, 1 point each）
4. _____ is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
D.Developing culture sensitivity in the way we speak and behave.
2. A _____ resembles a culture in that it usually encompasses a relatively large number of people and represents the accumulation of generations of human striving.
25.Another catalogue about the components of intercultural competence includesthree components. They are_______ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ____.
词语填空考研题目及答案
词语填空考研题目及答案### 考研英语阅读理解填空题题目：在全球化的背景下，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
以下是一篇关于跨文化交流重要性的文章摘要，请根据文章内容，在空白处填入合适的词。
全球化是一个不断增长的全球互联互通的过程，它带来了前所未有的文化交流机会。
然而，这种交流并不总是____1____的。
文化差异可能导致误解，甚至冲突。
为了克服这些障碍，我们需要发展跨文化能力，这包括____2____、倾听和理解不同文化的观点。
此外，有效的跨文化交流还需要____3____，以确保信息被正确传达和理解。
答案：1. smooth2. awareness3. communication skills### 考研数学填空题题目：在数学中，函数的连续性是一个重要概念。
请根据下面的数学概念描述，在空白处填入正确的数学术语。
一个函数f(x)在点x=a处是连续的，如果对于任意小的正数ε，存在一个正数δ，使得当0 < |x - a| < δ时，|f(x) - f(a)| < ε。
这种性质被称为函数的____4____连续性。
如果函数在某个区间内的每一点都满足这个性质，那么函数在这个区间上是____5____连续的。
答案：4. ε-δ5. 均匀### 考研政治理论填空题题目：社会主义核心价值观是中国特色社会主义文化建设的重要组成部分。
以下是关于社会主义核心价值观的描述，请在空白处填入合适的词汇。
社会主义核心价值观包括国家层面的富强、民主、文明、和谐；社会层面的自由、平等、公正、法治；以及个人层面的____6____、____7____、诚信、友善。
答案：6. 爱国7. 敬业### 考研历史学填空题题目：历史学是一门研究过去的学科，它通过分析历史事件来理解人类社会的发展。
以下是对历史学研究方法的描述，请在空白处填入正确的术语。
历史学家在研究历史时，会使用多种方法来分析和解释历史事件。
这些方法包括____8____、____9____和____10____。
黑大跨文化case16个
Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they seethe western bride in white gown西方婚礼在印度会被看作是一场葬礼，因为那白花花的衣服. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture islike an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but wedo not know the values underneath我们可以看到衣服的颜色，却不知道不同文化间这颜色背后的意义. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress ofdifferent colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why不同文化中的人穿不同色的衣服，他们不求甚解而认为这理所当然.Case 4:Coconut-skating（叶子滑冰？）Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case thatculture is pervasive普遍性and it’s learn ed习得性. People may invent different ways for things even as simple asthe issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.Case 12:Why Don’t Y ou Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how Ignoreing cultural differences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people areMuslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation尴尬的境地.Case 16:Different Responses反映to Noise噪音This case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation感觉，感情. No two of people can assume假定that their sensations are the same, especially when they come from different cultures没有那两个人想的是一样的，更别说不同文化的人了.Different social reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world 不同的社会现实和居住环境会使人们对世界的看法不同. So it is very common for them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition所以同一情况下人们的不同看法是非常常见的. In this case, the German professor and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise produced by the same motor for the heating system because of their cultures and living habits.由于德国鬼子和日本鬼子文化和居住习惯上的不同，德国鬼子和日本鬼子对于同一种噪音就有不同的看法，但他们还是鬼子。
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter 9-CD
your perceptual context
3 g. Anticipate failure events
Home work and After-class activities
1. Surf on the Internet to collect the information about culture shock. 2. Summarize the strategies on how to avoid culture shock and engage in intercultural adaptation.
Now, let’s summarize the key points
of this chapter
!
Missing China!
1. John has been living in China for 4.5 years. 2. He returned to Vancouver for 3 times. 3. It gets harder to adjust each time. 4. He couldn’t wait to return to China.
3 c. Learn basic verbal and nonverbal language
skills
3 d. Develop intercultural relationships
3 e. Maintain an intimate social network
3 f. Assume the principle of difference/Remember
2. Stages of Intercultural Adaptation
U-curve Pattern
现代汉语_黑龙江大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
现代汉语_黑龙江大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.现代汉字的构造层是( )参考答案:笔画、部件、整字2.“zi 、ci、si、zhi 、chi 、shi 、ri”中的韵母属于( )参考答案:开口呼3.“卷”的韵头是( )参考答案:前、高、圆唇元音4.普通话中，不送气音和送气音的对立出现在( )参考答案:塞音和塞擦音5.普通话声母中浊音声母有( )个参考答案:46.在一种语言或方言里，什么意义用什么声音来表达是任意的，由社会因素决定。
也就是说语音形式和意义之间没有必然的联系。
这体现了语音社会属性中的（）性参考答案:约定俗成性7.汉字在形体上是二维的空间平面，汉字记录的表意单位是语素。
一般情况下，一个方块字对应一个语素，读出一个音节。
参考答案:正确8.汉字曾被越南、朝鲜、日本等国家长期使用，形成“汉字文化圈”。
今天，除中国外，在局部范围内使用汉字的国家还有日本、韩国、新加坡和马来西亚。
参考答案:正确9.汉字为一种兼顾意音的表意文字符号体系。
参考答案:正确10.现代汉字规范主要表现在定量、定音、定序和（）上。
参考答案:定形11.下列选项中都属于象形字的一组是（）参考答案:鸟、雨、首、贝12.不同音素决定于_________________。
参考答案:音色13.（）是东汉许慎在《说文解字》中对古文字构成规则和使用方法的概括和归纳。
参考答案:六书14.汉语中的辅音都是声母。
参考答案:错误15.汉字存在数量大、结构复杂、难写难认等特点，改走拼音化道路迫在眉睫。
参考答案:错误16.“安”的造字法是( )参考答案:会意17.关于音节的错误说法是：参考答案:音节是由一个音素构成的18.用两个或几个偏旁合成一个字，把这些偏旁的意义合成新字的意义，这种造字方法是（）参考答案:会意19.古汉语的入声在现代汉语里读( )参考答案:四声都有20.“追随”的韵母是( )参考答案:都是中响复韵母21.汉语中的动态助词“了”只能用于过去时。
黑大俄语实践教材课后答案第二课
一1)高血压患者应该经常量血压，最好是每天都量。
Больному, у которого гипертония, надо постоянно измерять давление крови, желательно ежедневно.2)既然你开始做这件事情了，那就应该做到底。
Раз ты начал дело, доведите егодо конца.3)这样做手术比不做手术还要糟糕。
Так делать операцию хуже, чем не делать совсем.4)即使最初的激情消失了，也不要放弃。
Даже если стартовый пыл угас, не бросай.5)只有通过学习外语才能了解一个民族的心理。
Только зная иностранный язык, можно понимать психологию народа.6)我一讲英语舌头就不听使唤，变得像木头一样。
Стоит мне сказать по-русски, как язык перестаѐт слушаться меня, становится как деревянный.7)你不要担心，最重要的是自己要相信自己。
Не беспокойся. Самое важное —верьте в себя.8)‘理想’的教材是不存在的，每套教材都存在这样或那样的不足。
Идеальных учебников е существует, в каждом чего-то не хватает.9)你们应当尝试一下在实践中应用这项技术。
Вы должныпопробовать применить эту технику на практике.10)人的社会职能包括：性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、职务等。
Социальная роль человека складывается из пола, возраста, уровня образования, профессии, должности и т. д.11)近期，‘亲爱的’在年轻人中成了非常流行的呼语。
黑龙江大学跨文化考试考点
本人总结的2011黑大跨文化考试考点，辛苦啊啊~欢迎分享。
所有的概念关键词+所有考试让看的CASE理解。
来源：刘洋 Alina的日志跨文化考试总结（大家考试加油哈！）考试构成：一、单选 1*10=10分。
（Choose the one that）其中有一部分是书中的概念。
二、判断1*10=10分。
（A—>true。
B—>false) 课后习题第二大题，其中某些题是变动的。
要注重理解。
三、搭配1*20=20分。
matching 四组搭配，概念的对应，每一章课后的summary中的黑体字。
四、阅读理解1*20=20分。
四篇。
与课文中的专有词有关。
五、完型填空1*10=10分。
六、案例分析3*5=15分。
五个案例。
书中案例有四个，课外一个。
七、写作15分。
150+words。
可以准备一些跨文化、交际的文章。
四十分钟的写作时间。
8: 00——8:40.作文提前收！注：前六大题是客观题即选择，只有写作是主观题。
课后题：（课后题第一第二大题老师也让多多关注，我这里就不多写啦，除了课后第一第二大题，我这里都全啦）1、P28——P302、P58——P613、P95——P974、P124——P1265、P159——P1626、P194——P1977、P237——P2408、P270——P2729、P304——P306所有概念关键词+考试范围内的CASE：Chapter 1 Culture Keywords “the arts and other manifestations o (1) Culture (from intellectual perspective): Culture is f human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”（从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。
）(2) Culture (from anthropologic perspective): Culture consists of patterns, explicit and im plicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctiv e achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential c”.（从人类学ore of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values角度定义文化：文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。
2014年黑龙江大学汉语国际教育考研真题资料—2010年汉语国际教育基础
育明教育-黑龙江大学汉语国际教育辅导班育明教育金牌咨询师梁老师整理奉献黑龙江大学汉语国际教育基础中外文化及跨文化交际基础（共80分）一、填空（每小题1分，共30分）被后人称为“诗仙”的唐代著名诗人是_________。
古代帝王，诸侯，卿等高官死后，朝廷根据他们的生平事迹给予一种称号，称为____。
公元626年，李世民杀死太子李建成和齐王李元吉，被立为太子，不久之后李世民即位，年号贞观，史称________之变。
伊斯兰教由麦加人_________所创。
《__________》是我国第一部断代史。
“三言”是指《喻世明言》，《警世通言》，和《________》三部小说集的总称。
《为集仲卿妻作》又名《_________》，是我国古代叙事诗中罕见的长篇。
________国际电影节是世界上第一个国际电影节。
“大珠小珠落玉盘”形容的是传统乐器________的演奏效果。
《四库全书》是中国古代最早的一部官修书，整套书分为_______，史，子，集四部。
被称为中国“文艺复兴”的一次伟大，彻底的文化革新运动是_________。
清代小说家吴敬梓所著的长篇小说《________》尊定了中国古典讽刺小说的基础。
中国文化史上的第一学说儒学，又被称为________。
我国古代最早提出的“性善论”的思想家是________。
《__________》是郭沫若的第一部新诗集，也是我国诗坛上第一部真正的白话新诗集，成为新诗运动的尊定之作。
自称香山居士的唐代诗人和文学家是_________。
世界是最早的地震测试仪器“地劫仪”是_______时期科学家张衡发明的。
中国古代为数学发展作为出重大贡献的著作是《_________》。
《理智与情感》是_______的处女作。
我国古代中医首创的全身麻醉药物被称为“麻佛散”，其发明者是_____。
黑龙江省得_______是以二人转，拉肠戏的音乐为基础，表演形式以说唱和歌舞为主的地方戏曲剧中。
龙，凤，________和龟，是中国古代吉祥的象征。
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter1-1
从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个 人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思 维的总体规划。
Sociological Perspective
According to the social scientists: “Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, group-related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language attitudes, values, belief system, disbelief systems, and behavior”.
Text B
DEFINITIONS OF ‘CULTURE’
According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is "the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively".Chapter OtlineCulture
The Nature of Culture
Definitions
Characteristics
Cultures within Culture
Cultural Identity
Anthropological Psychological Sociological Intercultural
Anthropological Perspective
Kroeber and Kluckhohn defined culture as follows: “Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.
黑龙江大学跨文化交际英语复习总结(超全)说课讲解
黑龙江大学跨文化交际英语复习总结(超全)跨文化考试总结考试构成：一、单选 1*10=10分。
（Choose the one that）其中有一部分是书中的概念。
二、判断1*10=10分。
（A—>true,B—>false) 课后习题第二大题，其中某些题是变动的。
要注重理解。
三、搭配1*20=20分。
matching 四组搭配，概念的对应，每一章课后的summary中的黑体字。
四、阅读理解1*20=20分。
四篇。
与课文中的专有词有关。
五、完型填空1*10=10分。
六、案例分析3*5=15分。
五个案例。
书中案例有四个，课外一个。
七、写作15分。
150+words。
可以准备一些跨文化、交际的文章。
四十分钟的写作时间。
8:00——8:40.作文提前收！注：前六大题是客观题即选择，只有写作是主观题。
课后题：（课后题第一第二大题老师也让多多关注，我这里就不多写啦，除了课后第一第二大题，我这里都全啦）1、P28——P302、P58——P613、P95——P974、P124——P1265、P159——P1626、P194——P1977、P237——P2408、P270——P2729、P304——P306所有概念关键词+考试范围内的CASE：Chapter 1 CultureKeywords(1) Culture (from intellectual perspective): Culture is “the arts and other mani festations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”（从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。
）(2) Culture (from anthropologic perspective): Culture consists of patterns, exp licit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, co nstituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embod iments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.（从人类学角度定义文化：文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。
黑龙江大学跨文化课后keyword选词填空
黑龙江大学跨文化课后keyword选词填空跨文化选词填空(checklist 第一题)Chapter 1 Culture(1) Culture Identity: refers to one's sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. (文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
)(2) Subculture ：refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region. (亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。
)(3) Co-culture: refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture. (共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。
)(4) Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. (亚群体：相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter7-2010
Text B
COMPONENTS OF CULTURAL PATTERNS
What are the Components of Cultural Patterns?
Social Practices
Cultural patterns
Beliefs
Values
Norms
Beliefs
Religious beliefs
Buddhism: life is suffering/suffering comes from desire. Islam: There is one and only one god. Muhammad is the prophet. Koran is the sacred book covering everything. Christianity: Jesus is the son of God. His salvation is to save people.
Questions to review
1. How to define Cultural Patterns ? 2. What are the components of cultural patterns?
Case 41 Getting Frustrated
1. Jay, an American businessman 2. He has a business trip in Saudi Arabia for two months. 3. Getting contact with money through the middlemen. 4. eating with hands and not the left hand 5. Men and women don’t eat together in the same room.
黑龙江大学跨文化课后判断对错
跨文化判断对错〔checklist第二题〕1.T The iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.2.F Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.3.T People may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity.4.F Scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominant culture.5.T A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.6.F Intercultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.7.T Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.8.F The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding.9.T The process of communication has nine components:sender,encoding,message, channel, noise, receiver, decoding, feedback, and context.10.T No two of us can assume that our sensations are the same.Different stimuli can produce the same sensations.11.T The same stimuli can produce very different sensations.12.T Our perception are influenced by who we are, including the accumulation of our experience.13.F We give meaning to or “decode〞the information that we have selected and organized during the selection stage.14.T The psychological filters refer to the psychological factors, including the attitudes, beliefs, and dispositions of the individual.15.T Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism are learned.16.T Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments,they can also be positive.17.T When communicating with people from other cultures,an individual sometimes is likely to treat them as〞his people〞and to assume there is only one way of doing things:that is〞his way〞.18.F Assumption of superiority may lead to assuming similarity instead of difference.19.F Industrialization is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism,stereotyping,prejudice and racism.20.F An exacting style of communication can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures.21.F The self-effacement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.22.T The elaborate,exacting,or succinct communication style deals with the quantity and/or volume of talk that is preferred across cultural groups.23.T Dialect refers to geographic variation,while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social group.24.T An elaborate style of communication can be seen in Arab cultures.25.F Speaking is the only mode of effective communication.26.F Chinese like to touch babies or small children,especially they like others to pat their children’s head.27.T Saudi Arabs belong to touch cultures.28.T The appropriateness of eye contact varies with different cultures.29.T Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.30.T Industrialized societies like the United States,the masteruy-over-nature view tends to predominate.31.F The harmony-with-nature orientation draws chear distinctions among human life,nature,and the supernatural.32.F Both Americans and British show respect for tradition.33.T A doing orientation involves a focus on those types of activities which have outcomes that can be measured by someone else.34.T In Being cultures,social status and position are more important than what a person does.35.F In Saudi Arabia,greetings tend to be informal. Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving.36.T In Finland,firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women.37.T Americans might regard gift giving as a form of bribery.38.F In Japan,one should open the gift in front of the giver.39.T Mexican negotiators emphasize relational concerns prior to the real negotiation.40.F Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.41.T Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.42.F Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.43.T Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.44.F The second stage of intercultural adaptation is called honeymoon stage or initial euphoria stage.45.F All the activities of learning one’s culture are called acculturation.46.F Insomnia can be one example of the physical symptoms of culture shock.47.T Financial matters can result in culture shock.。
2024年黑龙江大学汉语国际中文教育基础考研初试真题
2024年黑龙江大学汉语国际中文教育基础考研初试真题业务课名称：国际中文教育考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
一、填空题长江中下游以()为代表的农业文化蒲松龄的志怪小说()宋代很多娱乐场所，把演戏的地方叫做()将杜牧和()合称为小李杜魏晋流行()学派清代朴学盛行，尤其是乾隆到嘉靖年间出现了()现象第一部描绘中国的外国人写的著作是() 清代最高学府是()被称为书圣的是()庄子的主要思想()六书中的用字法()和假借跨文化交际中，音量属于()民族中心主义二、选择哪个不属于金星的别称()太白启明长庚少白兰叶描的创作者是()张僧繇顾闳中吴道子我们在哪个朝代统一了中国版图()秦代汉代唐代宋代下面不属于三大针灸巨著的是针灸大成针灸大全经美国人把手放在耳朵后面表示()听不见不知道引论一、填空会话含义是由美国()提出的习得是在自然的语言环境中潜意识的，学习是有意识的()的卡罗尔归纳了语言学能的四个特征()科德将错误分为()和偏误1950年在清华大学成立了()周祖谟发表的第一篇关于对外汉语的论文() 二、名词解释语言能力第二语言交际策略会三、论述题语言具有生成性带给我们的启示对比分析的缺点和优点对比分析假说的主要观点文化的特性四、案例分析一名留学生很喜欢中国的春节，但是有一点让他不舒服,就是中国人喜欢给他夹菜，但是他不喜欢吃很尴尬。
还有就是他认为夹菜很不卫生，所以他很苦恼。
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跨文化选词填空(checklist第一题)Chapter?1? Culture?(1) Culture Identity:refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
）(2) Subculture：refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region. （亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。
）(3) Co-culture: refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture. （共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。
）(4) Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. （亚群体：相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。
）(5)Culture :is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, role, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication(1) Sender/Source: refers to the person who transmits a message.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。
）(2) Channel(sometimes called the medium): is the method used to delivera message. （渠道/媒介：渠道/媒介指发送信息的方法。
）(3) Receiver:is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. (信息接受者：信息接受者指信息接收者是指注意到信息并且赋予信息某些含义的人。
)(4) Intercultural communication: is communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.( 跨文化交际：跨文化交际指的是那些在文化认知和符号系统上存在差异的人们之间的交际。
这些差异足以改变整个交际事件。
)Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers(1)Ethnocentrism: refers to negatively judging aspects of anotherculture by the standards of one’s own culture.（种族或民主中心主义：是指从本国文化的标准出发，消极地审视另一文化。
）(2)Prejudice: refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatredof a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation.（偏见：偏见是指对于某一特定群体、种族、宗教、或性取向的无端地憎恶和怀疑。
）(3) Racism:is any policy, practice, belief, or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race.（种族主义：种族主义是指基于种族把性格特点或地位归因于个人的任一政策、做法、信仰或态度。
）(4) Stereotyping:is used to refer to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership.（文化定势：文化定势指基于明显的或受到认可的群体身份，对目标群体中的个体成员所持有的正面或反面的判断。
）Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication(1) Verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.来自不同文化背景的人用言语进行的交际即言语跨文化交际(2) Pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or lends languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 洋泾浜，是一种特殊的语言变体，指为贸易等目的将两种或几种语言混合使用。
(3) Dialect is a form of language peculiar to a group of people, as distinguished from the literary language of the whole people. 方言是某一群体特有的语言，与整个群体的言语不同。
(4) Taboo refers to prohibition of a set of behaviors that should be avoided because they are offensive and impolite. 禁忌语指被禁止或避免的具有冒犯性的不礼貌行为。
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication(1) Nonverbal communication: refers to the messages sent without using words. （非言语交际：不运用言语语言传递信息被称为非言语交际。
)(2) Oculesics: is the study of nonverbal communication sent by the eyes.（目光语：对于由眼睛所传达的信息的研究。
不同的文化对于交际时眼神的接触有不同的要求。
）(3) Proxemics: is the way we use fixed space and personal space.（时空行为：时空行为对空间关系的研究。
）(4) Kinesics:It refers to gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body positions, body movement, and forms of greeting and their relation to communication.（身势语行为：身势语（也称体态语），指手势、面目表情、眼神交流、身体姿势、肢体运动和问候方式以及和他们与交际的关系。
）(5) Chronemics: It is the study of how people perceive and use time.（时间行为：对于人们如何理解和利用时间的研究。
）Chapter?7 ?Cultural?Patterns(1)Members in the culture of high uncertainty avoidance have a lower tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(2)Individuals from high power distance cultures accept power as part ofsociety. As a result, superiors consider their subordinates to be different from themselves and vice versa.(3)People from high masculine cultures tend to see same-sex relationships as more intimates than opposite-sex relationships.(4)In collective societies such as those in Pakistan , Colombia ,Venezuela, China and Peru,people are born into extended families that support and protect them in exchange for their loyalty.Chapter?8? Cultural?Influences?on?Contexts(1)In Japan, business is not conducted in Obon (in mid-August), because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors.(2)In India ,”the traditional greeting is the namaste, formed by pressing the palms together , fingers up, below the chin. A slight bow may be added to show respect.”(3)In Israel , the Jewish holy day , the Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday. Therefore , the business week runs from Sunday through Thursday. Conducting business on the holy day would be highly inappropriate.(4)In Saudi Arabia , no business is conducted during the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan.Chapter?9? Intercultural?Adaptation(1)Honeymoon: is the first stage of the intercultural adaptation when everything is new and exciting.(2)Segregation：It occurs when the more politically and economically powerful culture does not want the intercultural contact, the separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society.（隔离：隔离当经济和政治上更强大的新主流文化不接受人们与它进行文化接触，人们就会被这种文化隔离在外。