英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）

英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）
《英语词汇学》课程习题集
一、Rewriting the short paragraph
1. First Version
Even since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.
Second Version
Ever since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times
a week at our little local theatre.
2. First Version
“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATI ENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”
Second Version
“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”
3. First Version
Then she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second Version
Then she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that
her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.
4. First Version
She was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.
Second Version
She was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the oth er side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.
5. First Version
There was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.
Second Version
The stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in
____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.
二、Multiple choices
6. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
7. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
8. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
9. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?
A. ig-
B. ir-
C. il-
D. im-
10. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?
A. books
B. pigs
C. horses
D. expense
11. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
12. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
13. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
14. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
15. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
16. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
17. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
18.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
19. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
20.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
21. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
22. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
23. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
24. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
25. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
26.The word “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of seman tic change called _____.
A. elevation
B. degeneration
C. extension
D. restriction
27.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
28.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
29.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
30.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
31. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
32. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
33. The English vocabulary is characterized by the strong influence of French _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
34. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
35. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
36.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
37. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
38. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
39. The word “base” meaning“the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
40. The word “son” meaning“one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
41. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. antonymy
D. polysemy
42. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. antonymy
B. synonymy
C. hyponymy
D. polysemy
43. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. polysemy
D. antonymy
44. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. polysemy
C. antonymy
D. synonymy
45. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. polysemy
D. antonymy
46.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. addition
C. abbreviation
D. extension
47.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. replacement
C. abbreviation
D. extension
48.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. omission
C. abbreviation
D. extension
49.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”.
The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. replacement
C. abbreviation
D. extension
50. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?
A. comparison
B. rhyme
C. alliteration
D. repetition
51. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
52. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. grammatical meaning
D. lexical meaning
53. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
54._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
55. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
三、Terms
56. proverb
absolute synonym
57. function words
onomatopoeic words
58. homonymy
degradation
59. metaphor
prefixation
60. polysemy
elevation of meaning
四、Questions
61. How is American English related to British English?
What is the vital role of context?
62. What are the differences between American English and British English?
How are the sound and meaning of most words related?
63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?
64. What is the relationship between American English and
British English?
What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?
65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?
What are the types of context?
五、Word-building processes
（略）……
答案
一、Rewriting the short paragraph
1. 1. childhood
2. act
3. prettier
4. luck
5. performances
2. 1. confidence 2. ability
3. impatient
4. succeed
5. achievement
3. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused
4. director
5. movement
4. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful
5. slip
5. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished
二、Multiple choices
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. A
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. C
19. C
20. C
21. A
22. C
23. B
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. A
28. A
29. B
30. D
31. B
32. A
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. C
37. C
38. B
39. B
41. D
42. D
43. C
44. B
45. C
46. C
47. B
48. A
49. D
50. D
51. A
52. C
53. B
54. C
55. D
三、Terms
56. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressing
a fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.
e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / Th e early bird catches the worm.
absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.
e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.
57. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have
much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.
onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.
e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.
58.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.
e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / bare
degradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.
e.g. genteel, terrific, accident
59. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.
e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoe
prefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.
e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart
60. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.
e.g. rich, full, get
elevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd
四、Questions
61. How is American English related to British English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What is the vital role of context?
The impact of context on word meaning can be seen in the following aspects: eliminating ambiguities arising from the polysemy and grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents and the range of the meaning.
62. What are the differences between American English and British English?
The chief differences in pronunciation lie in the vowel sounds. The American and British spelling systems are essentially the same except that the American variant is simpler than its English counterpart. Differences in grammar are few in number and trifling in nature. The differences of American and British vocabulary can be grouped into three categories: words without counterparts, same word with different meanings and same idea for different words. How are the sound and meaning of most words related?
There are two linguistic schools concerning the relationship between sound and meaning. One is conventionalist and the other is naturalists. The latter school believes that there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and its meaning while the former not. Actually, most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols. There is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the
people of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.
63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. The fundamental features of the basic word stock are as follows. The first one is national character. The second is stability. The third one is word-formation ability.
How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?
If one comes across a word with more than one meaning; only context can help you to select the exact meaning of the word from many choices. The same can be true of the grammatical structure which may confuse the readers. Furthermore, the real feeling of the writer can only be appreciated with the specific occasion how a word is used. Last, context does indicate referents and the range of the meaning of a word.
64. What is the relationship between American English and British English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?
Conversion is different from suffixation. In suffixation, a suffix or a combining form is added to the base and the original word will undergo a change in word-class, semantic change and phonological change. In contrast to suffixation, conversion in most cases does change the word-class of the original word but not the meaning or sound. We do have cases where conversion results in not only change in word-class but also semantic change
and phonological change. However, conversion differs from suffixation most in that there is not word form change in the former process, that is the form of the original word always remains same after conversion while there is always some addition to the original word after suffixation.
65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What are the types of context?
There are two types of context: linguistic or verbal contexts or extra-linguistic or non-verbal contexts. The linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense. The extra-linguistic context refers to the actual speech situation in which a
word occurs and the entire cultural background against which a word or an utterance or a speech event has to be set.
五、Word-building processes
（略）……。