被动语态精讲与练习

初三被动语态精讲精练一、被动语态基本用法

主动语态当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。例如：Many people speak English.

谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

例如：English is spoken by many people.

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、常用时态的被动语态构成形式(以play为例)

时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时play/plays am/is/are + played 一般过去时played was/were + played 一般将来时will play will be + played

现在完成时has/have played has/have been + played 现在进行时am/is/are playing am/is/are being + played 情态动词情态动词+ play 情态动词+ be + played 一般现在时：am / is / are + done

You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。

一般过去时：was / were + done

China was liberated in 1949.1949年中国解放。

一般将来时：will / shall be + done

The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。

现在完成时：have / has been + done

Not a book in the library has been taken away.图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。现在进行时：am / is / are being + done

My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。

情态动词：情态动词+ be + 过去分词

Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

三、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤

即主动句主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语

被动句主语+ be + 过去分词+ (by +宾语)

例如：主动句We clean the room every day.

被动句The room is cleaned (by us) every day.

(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：

注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。

如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.

(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。

注意：They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.

他们昨天开会了。

(3)将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。

注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。

如：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.

主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语变主把“是”补;

原主变宾by后见;

时态人称be关键。

专项练习(主动变被动)

1. They sing an English song before class every day.

_______________________________________________________________ 2. My father mends the car by himself.

_______________________________________________________________ 3. People use knives for cutting things.

_______________________________________________________________ 4. Students clean the classroom every day.

_______________________________________________________________ 5. I always keep my room clean.

_______________________________________________________________ 6. These girls often take care of the old people.

_______________________________________________________________ 7. We don’t look down on poor people.

_______________________________________________________________ 8. People all over the world know the Great Wall.

_______________________________________________________________

9. My father repaired my bike just now.

_______________________________________________________________ 10. That girl looks after the dog every day.

_______________________________________________________________ 11. Mr. Wang will tell us an interesting story.

_______________________________________________________________ 12. The workers will finish the building in two days.

_______________________________________________________________ 13.We can’t finished the hard task in two months.

_______________________________________________________________ 14. Daming has already watered the flowers.

_______________________________________________________________

四、含有双宾语的句子的被动语态

首先我们复习一下含有双宾语的句型：

S + V + Sb + Sth ( 主+ 谓+ 人+ 物)

e.g. She gave me an apple.

主谓人物

特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。

常用双宾语的动词口诀：“七给”“一带”to不少；

“买”“画”“制作”for来了。

“七给”(give, hand, lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一带”(bring)

“买”(buy)，“画”(draw)，“制作”(make)。

含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的人或者物都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的物在变为被动语态时过去分词后则需加介词to 或for。

例如：The teacher gives the pupils some advice.

人物

→The pupils are given some advice by the teacher.

人作主语