数控系统多通道控制技术的开发

华中科技大学

硕士学位论文

数控系统多通道控制技术的开发

姓名：吴卫东

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：机械电子工程

指导教师：周会成;周向东

2011-01-17

华中科技大学硕士学位论文 摘数控系统的多通道控制技术是高档数控系统的重要功能，在复合加工、柔性生产线等工业生产中有着广泛的应用需求。针对数控系统的多通道控制技术，在分析多通道控制的应用模型和技术要求的基础上，本文采用分层式的软件框架，建立了设备对象的物理模型，研究了通道控制的内核模块，同时设计了用户控制的接口。本文根据多通道控制应用模型的加工形式和加工特点，研究了通道间并行、同步、交换及重叠等关键控制技术，通过采用一种分层式框架实现了通道间并行控制的功能。该架构依据平台实现。采用基于优先级的模块调度方式，实现了内部模块的控制。利用通道模块的模式状态机，实现了对通道模式的切换控制。通过对共享同步标记的加锁和取反操作，实现了编程指令中的通道间的同步控制。在研究轴与轴之间的空间和时间关系的基础上，提出了采用耦合轴的方式解决多通道控制中的轴间的同步控制问题，实现了通道的重叠控制。利用轴的空闲态和准备态的切换，解决了多通道控制中轴的共享和释放问题，实现了通道的交换控制。本文对用户在多通道应用时的界面显示、参数配置及编程控制等问题上进行了研究。利用通道参数的轴号与轴参数的设备号，实现了从用户编程轴到实际物理轴的映射。提出了采用代码实现多通道协同控制的方法，设计了通道间等待、通道间交换等相关的控制指令。为了实现通道间宏变量的共享，在宏程序的用户变量域中划分出了用于多通道控制的共享变量区。通过在梯形图元件引入通道号的编程参数，实现了中的通道控制功能。针对多通道控制的干涉等安全问题，设计了模拟仿真功能用于多通道控制的验证。通过双刀架、双主轴的加工方式的仿真模拟，以及由一台车床和一台铣床组成的双通道的加工平台的实际加工，验证了本文开发的数控系统的多通道控制功能。关键词：控 要

MVC(Model View Controller)的设计模式和参考OMAC(Open Modular Architecture Controller)标准，基于Linux

G PLC

多通道 多功能 复合加工 开放式数

华中科技大学硕士学位论文

Abstract

The functions of metal cutting machine tools have been increased to meet the growing demand of productivity in machining complicated parts on one machine. This thesis presents a design for the numerical control device capability of the multi-channel, based on the open architecture of CNC. With complex application model analysis, this frame is completed by building of physical model of devices, researching the control module of kernel and designing the human-machine interface.

By researching the characteristic of complex machining and the techniques of concurrent control, synchronous control, swapping control together with superimposed control, a software framework of CNC system with multi-channel capability based on the Linux platform is presented by using the MVC design pattern and referring to OMAC. The relationships between modules and the data model of the control objects are discussed mainly on the framework.

Based on priority, the scheduling of modules in control module is analyzed. The FMS (Finite State Machine) of channel is designed to switch the channel mode. For synchronous control, the strategy of global mark operation has been studied in decoding module. The model of axes relationships is build for superimposed control in axes group module. With the design of the control status of axis in axis module, the swapping control could be completed.

The basic design principles for the layout of multi-channel HMI and the operation of control panel are discussed before designing the parameter configuration interface used to map the channel unit of logic layer to the control object of physical layer. By studying the solutions for user programming of multi-channel control, the new G-code formats of the axis programming name and of controlling the channel, the new PLC elements expanded with channel information, the Macro for sharing the variables and on-line simulation for detecting the interference are presented in human-machine interface.

Through the simulation and actual machining, it is verified that the method of multi-channel control presented in this thesis would complete the complex job.

Keywords: multi-channel; multi-functional; complex-machining; open CNC system