“IT”用法考点精讲和精练

“IT”用法考点精讲与精练

山东高青孙玉忠

it 是近年来高考的热点之一。它不仅可以指代时间、地点、天气、距离等，还可以作形式主语和形式宾语，同时还可以用于强调句结构中。下面结合高考试题来谈谈它的用法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。

考点一、it作代词时的用法

1．用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事，例如：

The snake is not a warm—blooded animal. It’s a cold blooded one. 蛇不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。

【高考链接】I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______.

A. it

B. those

C. them

D. one

解析：本题答案为D。本题考查代词词义辨析。one 指代上文出现过类似的事物；it 指代上面的提到过的事物；them 指代上文中提到过的事物的复数形式；those 指代那些事物。根据本句意义，可知最佳答案为D。

2．用以代替指示代词，例如：

---What’s this ? ---- It’s a book. ----这是什么？---- 这是一本书。

3．起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物，例如：

----Who’s knocking at the door ? ---- It’s me .

---谁在敲门？----- 是我。

4．指时间、季节、天气、距离、环境等，例如：

It’s very cold outside. Put on more clothes. 外面非常冷，多穿点衣服。

5.替代词“it, one与that”区别和联系

it用来指代前面提到的同一个事物或人；one用来指代前面同名异物的名词, 指的是同类中的一个，所以属于泛指，相当于“a/an+名词”。one只能代替可数名词，其复数形式是ones；that用来指代前面同名异物的名词，指的是同类中的一个，属于特指，相当于“the+名词”。that既能代替不可数名词，也能代替可数名词，其复数形式是those。

Do you need my pen? No, thanks, I have got one. (= a pen)你要用我的钢笔吗？不，我自己有一支。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. (= the weather 不可数名词)北京的气候要比上海（的气候）冷得多。

【高考链接】－Do you like_____ here?

－Oh, yes. The air, the weather , the way of life. Everything is so nice.

A. this

B. these

C. that

D. it

解析：答案为D。用it指代下句中的the air, the weather, the way of life ，其他代词不合适。考点二、引导词it 的用法

1．作形式主语，当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it 作句子的形式主语。例如：

It took me 3 hours to get home last night. 昨晚我花了三个小时才到家。（不定式作主语）It’s no use trying to explain－I’m not interested. 解释没有用－我不感兴趣。（动名词作主语）It appears that Geoffery might change his mind. 杰斐里可能改变主意。（that 从句作主语）It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 她是什么意思不是很清楚。(what引导的从句作主语) 【高考链接】_______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,

more prosperous economy.

A. As

B. That

C. This

D. It

解析：这里it 作形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy。

2. it 用作形式宾语。不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。例如：He found it very difficult to stop smoking.

The professor thinks it no good reading without understanding.

【高考链接】He didn’t make ____clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A .this B. that C it D. these

【高考链接】As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.

A. this

B. that

C. one

D. it

解析：答案为D。本题考查了代词it做形式宾语而不定式短语做真实宾语的用法，这是中学英语的主干知识。

考点三、it 用作强调时的用法

用于强调结构，要强调句子的某一部分（通常是主语、状语、宾语）可以把it 当作先行词，这种句子的结构是：

“It is (was) + 被强调的部分+ that(who )+ 句子其余部分”。如果强调的主语部分是人，可用who代替that。在这种结构中，it 不可用this或that替代。例如：

It was I who / that meet an old friend of my father’s in the street yesterday. (强调主语)

It was an old friend of my father’s that I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)

It was yesterday that I met an old friend of my father’s in the street. (强调时间状语，注意不可用when 代替that)

It was in the street that I met an old friend of my father’s yesterday. （强调地点状语，注意不可用where 代替）

注意：下面两个句子第一个句子是时间状语从句，要用when；第二个句子是强调句式，要用that。

It was Dec. 18th when she was born. 她出生那天是12月18日。

It was on Dec.18th that she was born. 她是12月18日出生的。

【高考链接1】It was after he got what he had desired ______ he realized it was not so important.

A. that

B. when

C. since

D. as

解析：答案为A。此句为强调句型。被强调部分after he got what he had desired为句子的时间状语从句，且其中还包含着一个宾语从句what he had desired。

【高考链接2】－______that he managed to get the information ?

－Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it

B. What was it

C. How was it

D. Why was it

解析：答案为C。本题考查了强调句的特殊疑问句，重点考查了疑问词。根据答语可知问的是“他是怎样得到这个消息的？”故选C。

【实力检测】

I. 单句改错：

1.It is no good to keep this secret.