大学英语四级辅导材料
大学英语四级书单推荐
大学英语四级书单推荐一、词汇篇1.《新东方绿宝书四级词汇词根+联想记忆法》书籍简介：严格按照考试大纲收录所有的四级单词，将其分为35个单元列出，同时补充超纲单词和中学已学单词及词组，词汇全面收录，满足了四级备考的需要。
二、真题篇1.巨微英语《四级真题·逐句精解》适合人群：英语基础薄弱，词汇量较小的考生。
书籍简介：包含6套“逐句精解”，逐句讲解语法并注释单词，长难句还采用了结构图解，词汇注释的详细程度也超越一般真题，能够完美替代词汇书和语法书。
其余12套真题配有详尽的答案解析，搭配各类赠品（2000词汇；20经典翻译；20押题写作；听力新题型专训，四大题型“满分兵法”）能够做到一书多用，高效复习。
2.《大学英语四级真题·汇编王》适合人群：基础掌握较好，需要大量刷题的考生书籍简介：共有18套真题，配有详尽的答案解析，体量大并且真题全，价格低廉，适合用来刷题，另外赠送了大量的电子资料和视频课等，性价比非常之高。
三、各题型专项篇1.《大学英语四级阅读180篇》书籍简介：所有训练参照英语四级阅读考试改革新题型命题，备考针对性强；英语四级阅读专项强化，掌握解题技巧；英语四级阅读综合模拟，考前实战训练。
2.《大学英语听力1000题》书籍简介：参照全新听力改革英语4级新题型命题，删除不考的听力短对话和四级单词与词组听写，补充英语四级短篇新闻听力，备考针对性强；大题量训练，培养考生快速答题的能力。
3.《大学英语四级翻译30天速成胜经》书籍简介：包含了翻译常考单词、语法及多题材模拟题，着重讲解了汉译英翻译技巧和对考生常见问题的分析。
较上一版增加了讲解内容和最新试题精练，让考生学与练相结合，增加知识积累。
4.《4级写作100篇》书籍简介：范文背诵+技巧点拨，一本话题全面的真题是必须的，该书能完全满足背诵需求，搭配真题使用效果更好。
四、课外阅读篇1.《大学英语四级晨读美文100篇》书籍简介：结合大学英语四六级和考研英语阅读真题的难度，精选适合学生反复诵读的经典美文、佳作以及真题，配以优美、流畅的中文翻译，让读者在阅读时能尽量脱离考试的藩篱，在大声朗读中潜移默化地提高自身英语阅读水平。
大学四级考试ppt课件
了解社会热点和常识，注意不同领域的专业词汇
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学术讲座类
掌握学术词汇和讲座结构，关注讲座主题和要点
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提高听力水平方法
多听多练
坚持每天进行一定时间的听力练习，积累语 感
注重语音语调
模仿标准发音，注意连读、弱读等语音现象
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精听泛听结合
精听提高准确性，泛听扩大知识面和词汇量
社会热点类
关注时事新闻，了解社会热点问题 ，积累相关词汇和表达。
03
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日常生活类
熟悉常见生活场景用语，如购物、 餐厅、旅行等。
学术类
针对专业领域进行深入研究，掌握 专业术语和表达方式。
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提高口语表达能力方法
多听多说
多听英语材料，模仿发音和语调；多说英语，练习口语表达。
积累词汇和句型
选取近几年的大学四级考试真题，让学 生熟悉考试趋势和题型变化。
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真题解析
对真题进行深入剖析，解释考点和解题思 路，帮助学生理解并掌握考试要点。
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总结经验教训，调整备考策略
分析模拟测试和真题结果
根据学生的答题情况，总结学生在备考过程 中存在的问题和不足。
调整备考策略
针对学生的问题，给出具体的备考建议和改 进措施，如加强听力训练、提高阅读速度等 。同时，鼓励学生保持积极心态，合理安排
如单词拼写错误、大小写错误等。
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常见写作错误及避免方法
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常见写作错误及避免方法
多练习
通过大量写作练习，提高语言表达能பைடு நூலகம்和准 确性。
大学英语四级听力冲刺辅导及答案
大学英语四级听力冲刺辅导及答案大学英语四级听力冲刺辅导及答案Relax!be patient and enjoy yourself.learning foreign languages should be fun.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语四级听力冲刺辅导及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!听力部分(10：00-10：35)Section A11. A) Give his ankle a good rest.B) Treat his injury immediately.C) Continue his regular activities.D) Be careful when climbing steps.12. A) On a train.B) On a plane.C) In a theater.D) In a restaurant.13. A) A tragic accident.B) A fad occasionC) Smith's unusual life story.D) Smith's sleeping problem.14. A) Review the details of all her lessons.B) Compare notes with his classmates.C)Talk with her about his learning problems.D) Focus on the main points of her lectures.15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless.B)The man misunderstood the woman's apology.C) The woman offered to pay for the man's coffee.D)The woman spilt coffee on the man's jacket.16. A) Extremely tedious.B) Hard to understand.C) Lacking a goot plot.D) Not worth seeing twice.17. A) Attending every lecture.B) Doing losts of homework.C) Reading very extensively.D) Using test-taking strategies.18. A)The digital TV system will offer different programs.B)He is eager to see what the new system is like.C)He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels.D)The new TV system may not provide anything better.Question 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.a)a notice by the electricity board.b)ads promoting electric appliances.c)the description of a thief in disguise.d)a new policy on pensioners'welfare.20.a)speaking with a proper accent.b)wearing an official uniform.c)making friends with themd)showing them his ID.21.a)to be on the alert when being followed.b)not to leave senior citizens alone at home.c)not to let anyone in without an appointment.d)to watch out for those from the electricity board.22.a)she was robbed near the parking lot.b)all her money in the bank disappeared.c)the pension she had just drawn was stolen.d)she was knocked down in the post office.Question 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.a)marketing consultancy.b)Professional accountancy.c)luxury hotel management.d)business conference organization24.a)having a good knowledge of its customs.b)knowing some key people in tourism.c)having been to the country before.d)being able to speak japanese.25.a)it will bring her potential into full play.b)it will involve lots of train travel.c)it will enable her to improve her chinese.d)it will give her more chances to visit japan.Section BPassage OneQuestion 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.a) The lack of timeb) The quality of life.c) The frustrations at work.d) The pressure on working families.27.a)They were just as busy as people of today.b)They saw the importance of collective efforts.c)They didn't complain as much as modern man.d)They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering.28.a)To look for creative ideas of awarding employees.b)To explore strategies for lowering production costs.c)To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints.d)To find effective ways to give employees flexibility.Passage TwoQuestion 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have justheard.29.a)family violence.b)his children's efforts.c)her father's disloyalty.d)his second wife's positive influence.30.a)his advanced age.b)his children's efforts.c) his improved financial condition.d)his second wife's positive influence.31.a)love is blind.b)love breeds love.c)divorce often has disastrous consequences.d)happiness is hard to find in blended families.Passage ThreeQuestion 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.a) it was located in a parkb) its owner died of a heart attackc) it went bankrupt all of sudden.d) its potted plants were for lease only.33.a)planting some trees in the greenhouseb)writing a want ad to a local newspaperc)putting up a going out of business signd)helping a customer select some purchases34.a)opening an offive in the new office parkb)keeping better relations with her companyc)developing fresh business opportunitiesd)building a big greenhouse of his own35.a)owning the greenhouse one dayb)securing a job at the office parkc)cultivating more potted plants.d)finding customers out of townSection C注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级作文讲义
1. Young people may find going abroad appealing because they really enjoy it. (空洞句) Young people may find going abroad appealingbecause we can learn a lot and broad oue view ina different counties.2. The reason I like surfing the Internet because it is my favorite hobby. （句子碎片）The reason why is that ………It is widely accepted/ believed thatIt goes without saying that3. Mobile phone is very common in our society, about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it.Mobile phone is very common in our society and about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it（标点）4. Some students did not choose their courses wisely, consequently, their credits for college admission were inadequate.Some students did nit choose their course wisely ,consequently; (分号)5. I kept on thinking about failing in NINEM for MA/MS in last year. Why? Because of the time.Because of the time is limited. （从句不可以成为主句）6. I am going to have a lot of activities during the summer vacation. For example playing in the field, climbing the mountain, and traveling by train.for example 后一般只跟一样东西such as 可以在后面加许多7. College students doing part-time jobs is good to his family, himself and the society.to their family theirselves and the society(错误指代)8. I will meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. (faulty reference)9. Finding a good apartment is as difficult as to pay the rent.10. The canteen should setup several televisions. Improvement of the Sentence Writing1. Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2. Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.3. Such belief is wrong and dangerous.As a matter of fact ,such belief is unfortunately wrong and possible dangerous (副词)4. There are two reasons for the effect.There are two possible resons fot the this dangerous effect (形容词)5. I think we can take three measures to solve the problem.Three measure , I think can be taken to solve the problem. （插入语）6. It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.the first part ,it seem s is better than the other parts（插入语）7. We are making great efforts to improve our English. Great efforts are being made to improve （多用被动语态)8. Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.Many eveing schools are made called to existence by social demands(多用被动语态)9. Diplomas are very attractive because it is demanded by our society.Why are these diplones so attractive and charming ?The reason for this is that it is (无中生有)10. English studying is very common because it is widely used in our society.11. Living in the countryside is the best thing for me.Nothing could be better for me than living in the countryside(反问陈述)12. Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.It is impossible to pick up an newspaper without fing ads13. We can see from the above graphs that from 1990 to 1995 the price of meat was on the rise, while consumption increased.14. Although we hold different attitudes towards opportunity, no one should neglect its importance.Different as the attitudes one ,no one (as的作用)15. As is shown by the two graphs, from 1800 to 1900, with the rapid growth of U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, adding up to 70 in 1990.During the period of the time from16. Pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.17. Beijing has won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Game! Many college students could not sleep that night because they were so excited.18. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.19. The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.20. More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.21. Teachers are called “engineers of human soul”.22. Does television have more advantages than disadvantages?23. I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.24. True friends will be very proud of your progress. If you face difficulties true friends will encourage you.①空洞句②句子碎片③标点④分号⑤从句不可成为主句⑥破折号⑦错误指代⑨平行结构⑩被动⑾要用人做主语⑿形容词和副词⒀插入语⒁无中生有⒂⒃陈述⒄冗余结构⒅反面绪论的句型————文章的开头段部分第一类：选择题型的开头For most people today, ____________has become their main source of__________, but as forme, __________should be regarded as a better source.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of____________. Somepeople suggest that, while others argue that____________, l agree with the latter.It is a quite controversial argument whether_____________. In my opinion, l think that____________is a better idea because of_____________.It is often difficult for some people to decide whether ___________. But for others, the advantages of__________ always outweigh the disadvantages.From my point of view it is more advisable to choose______________ rather than____________.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that____________. Others, on the contrary, maintain that ____________. Personally, I stand on the side of____________.Despite the fact that most of them like____________, I would like to choose to_____________. 第二类：判断题型的开头赞成类l agree with the statement to some extent that ___________.I can see both advantages and disadvantages to_____________. Overall, l think it is a good idea. Consequently I agree with the title statement that________________.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that______________.Many people advocate that___________, they claim that_______________, my opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.At first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a definite concIusion that_______________is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages.However, after serious considerahons we can see that under most cireumstances _____________ will do more good than harm.Two different opinions obviously exist to support and to oppose. After pondering theopinions from several aspects, personally, I agree with the idea that____________.反对类Nowadays, the problem of _____________has aroused public attention. Some peoplecriticize that. They believe that____________. However, I firmly objectto this argument.Until recently, ______________ was viewed as the prime argument, but people are taking a fresh look at it.Although it is an admirable idea, ____________ is not always a realistic option.Thinking logically, I can only say that this statement is valid because.Some people think that_______________, frankly speaking, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.To make it an extreme, the majority would argue that __________．It is essentialFor______________.第三类：论述题型的开头One of the hottest topics many People talk about now is___________.It has become apparent to us that______________.____________ plays a vital part in everyone's daily work and life.In the past few years, there has been a growing trend that____________.One of the universal issues thet draw growing concern is_____________._______________. This view has been shared now by more and more people.____________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today's society. We can see it almost everywhere. This phenomenon is the result of several reasons.With the development of society, _____________.In recent years, many cities have been faced with the serious problem of___________.One of the great writers once said that__________. Now it still has a realisticsignificance.When asked about ___________,people have al1 kind of views concerning it. From mypoint of view, ____________.本论的句型————文章的理由段部分承上启下的过渡句型In my opinion, the phenomenon __________is mainly due to several factors.A number of reasons may help at this point.This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.Putting too much emphasis on ___________ may result in obscuring other facts.To assume that ________ is destined to miss the following points.The reasons and examples 1isted below will strengthen my point of view.阐述理由的句型The main problem with this argument is that ___________.The root cause for __________ is____________.The most immediate reason for ___________ is ___________.One of the factor accounts for is that _____________.举例This offers a typical instance of ____________.Take __________ for example.We may cite a common example of ___________.结论的句型——文章的结论部分In short,___________. In sum,___________.In summary, ___________. In a word, __________.Taking into account of all these factors, I think that ___________.Based on the points discussed above, we can see ___________.With the improvement of ___________, ___________ will prove to hold great superiority over ____________.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _________. There are a lot of details to consider, but al1 in all, I support the idea that _________.While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ____________. 问题解决提出解决方案Measures must be taken toIt is high time we had toIt is pressing/indispensable/essential that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to Great efforts should be put into/focused onWe need to take a fresh/clear look/view at this matter/problem/situation /in a new perspective/ from a new standpoint.最佳、最重要解决方案的句型What we can do is simply toThe best approach/solution to … isIt is urgent/pressing/significant/practical/feasible to应用文常用句型常见辩论话题理由1．SmokingFor：1．it is pleasurable and relaxing2．it is one's right3．it is difficult to stop smoking4．it is an old custom going back hundreds of years5．it is not always dangerous to one's health6．it makes socializing easier7．it is an important source of tax revenue8．intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)Against:1．it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )2．it is harmful to those nearby3．it is a dirty and expensive habit4．it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)5．it is quickly being banned in public areas6．it lives off deceptive advertising2．School UniformsFor：1．they build character2．they eliminate class differences3．they allow students to better concentrate on their studies4．they are popular with parents and administrators5．they are inexpensive6．they are attractive and neat7．they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day8．many countries have themAgainst：1．they lead to conformity2．they are disliked by students (students like to primp)3．they create a military mentality4．they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks) 5．they are ugly and childish6．they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear7．they are losing popularity everywhere3．Legalized GamblingFor：1．it reduces taxes2．it is a source of government revenue3．it is gaining popularity in the world4．it is an old practice dating back thousands of years5．it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)6．it is voluntary7．many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1．it is banned in most countries2．it is condemned by most religions3．it can become addictive4．it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings5．it teaches people not to work for money6．it can destroy happy families7．it can lead to suicide8．it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4．City LifeFor：1．it is exciting2．it attracts people from the countryside3．it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores4．it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums ) 5．it offers many chances of employment6．its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable7．cities have an efficient public transportation system8．city planners can create a good living environment 9．crime can be found in the countryside as wellAgainst ：1．it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )2．it is not a good environment for children3．it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons4．it is noisy and dangerous5．it makes people nervous and even neurotic6．it has created awful slums7．cities are overcrowded and expensive8．many city dwellers long to return to the countryside 9．city housing projects are unpopular5．Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1．patients want to know2．it is wrong to hide the truth3．it is not a shock for the patient but for his family4．it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days5．it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s6．doctors are for it (in the U. S.)7．it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment Against：1．it is heartless and cruel2．it may make the patient give up3．it causes depression4．it can lead to suicide5．most relatives are against it6．a white lie can save undue suffering7．doctors are against it (in Japan)6．Social SecurityFor：1．the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick 2．the state should provide good health care for its citizens 3．the strong must help the weak4．Social Darwinism is outdated5．there will always be social misfits that need help6．all religions stress charity7．all advanced countries have some form of social securityAgainst ：1．it costs too much2．it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic3．it does not work efficiently4．people should look after themselves5．it results in heavy taxes6．Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest" 7．there are no freebies in life7．CoeducationFor ：1．it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )2．it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another 3．it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another 4．it is the modern trend5．it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups) 6．it produces well-adjusted adults7．most parents prefer coeducation.8．separate schools foster sexual rivalry9．women become neurotic in all-women' s schoolsAgainst ：1．women do better academically in their own colleges2．women are in college to get an education, not a husband 3．women have their own values to develop4．it can lead to intimacy and promiscuity5．it is still rare in some countries6．it is opposed by some parents7．it robs women of their self-confidence8．separate schools have existed for centuries9．marry great men and women attended separate schools8．Corporal PunishmentFor ：1．children are not adults2．children respect discipline3．it is a check on excessive permissiveness4．it does no permanent damage because children are hardy creatures 5．it is opposed only by mixed-up psychologists6．it is a form of training7．it builds real character8．it reinforces the authority of teachers and parents9．it works to control juvenile delinquency10. there is the saying: Spare the rod and spoil the childAgainst ：1．it is barbarous2．Freud said it is wrong3．love is better than physical punishment4．it can cause psychological problems5．it is not necessary if children are raised correctly6．it is an emotional, irrational response7．it can result in a lawsuit8．beatings have been known to result in death9．there is the saying : Violence begets violence9．Organ TransplantsFor ：1．they prolong life2．they are supported by the medical profession3．they enhance medical science4．they are a challenge to surgeons5．critically ill people want transplants in order to live6．costs will come down as the surgery becomes routine7．there is no "time" to die8．death is defined as brain death9．the drugs cyclosporine and FK-506 have helped eliminate the problem of rejection Against ：1．they are too expensive2．they favor the rich3．they encourage the poor in Third World countries to sell their organs4．they are unnatural as seen by the body' s rejection5．they are often unsuccessful6．the idea is sinister7．Nature has decided when we should die8．the process of deciding who gets the next available organ is unfair9．there is as yet no agreement on what constitutes death (brain -dead versus heart-dead)10．Civil DisobedienceFor ：1．it draws attention to unjust of unconstitutional laws2．it is a matter of religious or moral convictions3．it is the only way to fight oppression4．it is usually nonviolent5．it is used only in extreme circumstances6．it goes back to the time of Jesus Christ7．it is common, like cheating on taxes and illegal parking8．God' s laws take precedence over man' s laws9．protestors are ready to accept punishment for their beliefs10．many famous people have engaged in civil disobedience (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi and Andrei Sakharov)11．there are many famous examples such as the Boston Tea Party and conscientious objectors during the Vietnam WarAgainst ：1．no one is above the law2．it can quickly destroy law and order3．it leads to anarchy4．it leads to contempt for all laws5．protestors are cowards trying to escape punishment6．protestors often resort to violence7．the democratic process should be used to effect change11．AbortionFor ：1．it is a woman' s fundamental right, say abortion-rights advocates2．it is necessary for unwed mothers3．it is necessary for rape victims4．it is necessary in some cases to save a mother' s life5．procreation is a couple' s choice6．it is a form of birth control7．poor, illiterate women want it8．most women support it9．it is necessary to prevent overpopulation10．it prevents unwanted babies from coming into the world11．it is not murder because a fetus is not yet a human beingAgainst：1．it is murder (infanticide), say anti-choice groups2．life begins at conception3．it is an unnatural practice4．it is immoral because only God can take a life5．a fetus is a human being-unborn but viable6．the rights of a fetus must be protected7．it is painful for the fetus-a barbaric practice8．it is not the same as other modern birth-control devices9．it causes many women to have guilt feelings10．unwanted babies can be put up for adoption12．CensorshipFor ：1．it is for the good of society2．it protects children3．every society has some form of censorship4．the individual is less important than the community 5．absolute freedom leads to anarchy6．many adults are not mature enough to make their own decisions 7．it can be carried out wisely8．pornography is not art9．pornography is in the hands of unscrupulous people 10．obscene works should be banned11．it is necessary in times of warAgainst ：1．it limits the individual' s freedom and human rights2．it is not consistent with democracy3．it is subjective and not objective4．it creates the problem of who will censor5．it is disappearing in advanced countries6．it deprives adults of their right to make decisions7．it can be applied to all aspects of our lives8．it is the first step toward totalitarianism9．it draws attention to banned works and increases sales 10．voluntary censorship is better13．Equality Of the SexesFor ：1．we all have the same Creator2．matriarchal societies go back thousands of years3．all advanced societies have given women equal rights 4．most companies have adopted equal pay for equal work 5．there are no skills women cannot master6．there are even women body builders7．men have a basic inferiority complex8．women are more interested in peace than men9．some world leaders are women (e.g., Margaret Thatcher )10．women are superior to men in some fields11．no scientific studies back up the stereotypes men have of women Against ：1．women have a different biological function2．women are physically weaker than men3．women can' t be mothers and career women at the same time 4．many women want to depend on men5．most women want to stay at home and be mothers6．women haven' t been given the vote in some countries 7．women are emotional and irrational8．women think intuitively (no famous women philosophers) 9．hormones cause women to behave differently14．Foreign AidFor ：1．it is humane2．the rich should help the poor3．all religions teach charity4．it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy5．it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery6．it is given by all advanced countries7．it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations8．it helped rebuild Japan and Germany9．it increases world trade10．it achieves political objectives11．it promotes national securityAgainst ：1．it is degrading to the recipient2．it is never appreciated3．it leads to feelings of inferiority4．it limits the independence of developing countries5．it subsidizes laziness6．it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials7．it supports Third World dictatorships8．it can be culturally damaging9．it has divided the United Nations10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people15．DivorceFor ：1．it is the logical solution to a bad marriage2．it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage3．it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia4．it is legally recognized by most countries5．it is accepted by most people6．remarriage is a right7．it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and physical cruelty8．children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment 9．feminists support itAgainst ：1．it breaks up the family2．it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage3．it is opposed by various religions4．it is banned by some countries5．it was uncommon until fifty years ago6．marriage is a serious responsibility7．it is a sign of immaturity8．counseling is the solution9．it harms children emotionally10．children need both parents11．child custody decisions are messy16．Compulsory Military ServiceFor ：1．it aims to strengthen national defense2．it teaches young men discipline3．it builds character and physical fithess4．it teaches valuable skills5．it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality6．it offers opportunities for overseas travel7．it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)8．it reduces unemployment9．it instills a sense of patriotismAgainst：1．it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies2．it is a step away from peace3．some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)4．today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower5．it interrupts young men' s studies and careers6．it is a useless experience7．it is a source of slave labor8．it results in bullying and conformity9．it does not build character10．it can cause mental disorders11．military skills are useless in private industry17．V oluntary EuthanasiaFor ：1．it is a basic right-the right to die2．the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "3．it allows one to die with dignity4．it allows one to choose the time and place of death5．it is logical and humane6．it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid) 7．it is painless8．it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering9．the dying want it10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines Against ：1．it is murder or suicide2．it is illegal in most countries3．most doctors oppose it4．it is a first step to killing the old and infirm5．it is irreversible in the event of a new cure6．only God can end a life7．most religions oppose it8．suicide is always irrational9．the dying are too sick to know what they want10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance18．Capital PunishmentFor：1．it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )2．it serves as a just reward for killers3．it lowers crime rates4．it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)5．in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped 6．most countries practice it7．killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures8．a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years9．killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologistsAgainst ：1．it frightens no one2．it is motivated by revenge and not justice3．it does not lower crime rates4．it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)5．it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)6．it is unjust because only God can take away life7．the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation 8．killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment9．the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries19．Trade ProtectionismFor ：1．industries need government protection2．no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed3．agriculture must be protected for national security reasons4．real free trade doesn' t exist and never has5．national security is more important than idealistic trade principles6．it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous7．every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture8．there are various forms of free-market economy9．every nation should have an industrial policy10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever meansAgainst ：1．it invites retaliation2．it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis3．it impedes world trade and prosperity4．it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries5．it leads to trade wars6．it makes industries less competitive7．it costs taxpayers large sums of money8．it gives consumers less choice9．it is denounced by most nations10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, certification, and distribution20．Nuclear PowerFor：1．it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel2．it is the best source of energy for countries without oil3．the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years4．it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries5．it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed6．it is safe if properly supervised7．nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants8．the issue has become far too emotionalAgainst ：1．it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)2．most people are afraid of it3．the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing4．it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)5．radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of6．it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare7．certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons8．nuclear plants are expensive to build9．the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer。
最新大学英语四级考试辅导资料大全
最新大学英语四级考试辅导资料大全6月英语四级复习大全第一章听力理解第一节听力题型改革概述听力比例由原来的20%提升到35%：短对话部分由原来的10题减至8题；增加两篇长对话，题量在3至4题每篇，一共7题；短文(俗称“段子题”)仍为3篇，题量在3至4题每篇，一共10题；复合式听写保持不变。
以上4个听力部分中，短对话和长对话的分值一共占15%，而短文和复合式听写的分值一共占20%。
听力题材涉及的范围更加广泛，形式灵活多样，包括对话、讲座、广播电视节目等等。
第二节听力题型概述及应试策略一、关于对话题(一) 长短对话听力题改革与分析1. 听力短对话部分虽然由原先的10题改为8题，但就其题目特点与解题思路而言与以往的老题型没有太大的差异。
这些题目一如既往地贯彻了以往的几大常见考点：·转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化；·对现象原因的阐述与补充；·反问句式、反意疑问句式的考察：反问和反意疑问在四级考试中永远以一种无疑而问的形式出现，这次依然用了这样的一个形式。
因此，只要能很好把握其“无疑而问”的特点，就能方便解题。
当然也应该注意到，反问句往往作为加强语气的建议句型出现的这一考点。
·建议句型的考察：建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一，因为句型相对比较多，而且隐蔽性比较强。
·场景、人物关系的推测；·语音语调的考察。
综上所述，试点考试将依然遵循以往的考试规律和特点，一脉相承。
但所谓的短对话却也越来越长，这也体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。
2. 听力长对话并不可怕，它结合了短对话对问答句式，建议请求，和关键场景赐予的考察和长段子对文章层次和理解能力的要求。
因此做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质，既要注意其中的细节，又要注意整体的把握，还要能够应付7道题目的题量，这比以往的四级题目对综合能力的要求显著提高了。
(二) 长短对话听力技巧应注意以下几点：1. 提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息。
四级的复习材料推荐有哪些
四级的复习材料推荐有哪些大学英语四级考试对于很多大学生来说是一项重要的考试，为了帮助大家更好地备考，下面我将为大家推荐一些实用的复习材料。
首先，词汇书是必不可少的。
推荐使用《新东方四级词汇词根+联想记忆法》，这本书的特点是将单词按照词根和联想的方式进行编排，有助于我们记忆。
而且书中还配有例句和练习题，能够帮助我们更好地掌握单词的用法。
另外，《星火英语四级词汇必背》也是一本不错的选择，它的词汇分类比较清晰，重点词汇也有突出标注，方便我们有针对性地进行背诵。
语法方面，推荐《薄冰英语语法》。
这本书对英语语法的讲解非常全面和系统，从基础的语法点到复杂的句式结构都有详细的解释和示例。
通过认真学习这本书，可以帮助我们建立起完整的语法知识体系，为四级考试中的写作、翻译等题型打下坚实的基础。
在听力复习材料方面，《历年四级真题听力》是非常重要的。
通过反复听历年真题，可以熟悉四级听力的题型和语速，培养听力的语感。
同时，还可以使用“每日英语听力”这个 APP，里面有丰富的英语听力资源，包括新闻、电影、演讲等，可以根据自己的兴趣选择进行泛听练习，提高听力理解能力。
对于阅读部分，历年四级真题中的阅读文章是最好的复习材料。
通过分析真题中的阅读文章，我们可以了解出题的规律和题型特点，掌握阅读技巧。
此外，《华研外语四级阅读 180 篇》也是值得推荐的，书中的文章选材广泛，题目设置接近真题，能够有效地提高我们的阅读水平。
写作方面，《四级写作范文 100 篇》是不错的参考资料。
通过阅读优秀的范文，学习范文的结构、思路和语言表达，可以积累写作素材和常用的句型。
同时，还可以关注一些英语学习的公众号，如“沪江英语”“英语四六级备考”等，它们会定期推送写作技巧和范文，提供最新的写作话题和思路。
翻译部分，推荐《四级翻译专项训练》。
这本书涵盖了各种常见的翻译主题和句型，通过大量的练习，可以提高我们的翻译能力和对词汇、语法的运用能力。
除了以上这些专门的复习材料，平时还可以阅读一些英语报纸和杂志，如《21 世纪英文报》《英语世界》等，增加英语的阅读量和语感。
英语四级辅导
8分——基本切题。有些地方表达思想不 够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多， 其中有一些严重语言错误。
11分——切题。表达思想清楚，连贯性较 好。但有少量语言错误
15分——切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、 连贯。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
1 minute ② 写提纲 4 minutes (关键词) ③ 正式作文 20 minutes ④ 检查复读 2 minutes
influence on life/personality, have a 9/12/202d0 ramatic/ undesirable effect on
原则
一二三原则
• 1）to begin with， then， furthermore， finally • 2）to start with， next， in addition， finally • 3）first and foremost， besides， last but not least • 4）most important of all， moreover， finally • 5）on the one hand， on the other hand（适用于两点
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四六级作文之基本原则
• 结构模式化 • 内容简单化 • 语言多样化 • 错误最少化
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文章的基本结构与模式
英语文章一般为线型结构，即从句到段，从段到 篇，直截了当，简单明确。一篇文章无论有多少 段，其结构总是由三部分构成： • 引言段（Introduction）——对全文主题的一
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你知道六级考试流程吗?
14：50---15：00 试音时间 15：00---15：10 播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 15：10 取下耳机，开始作文考试 15：35 发放试题册（但15：40才允许开始做） 15：40 重新戴上耳机，准备听力考试 15：40---16：10 开始听力考试，电台开始放音 16：10 收答题卡一（即作文和听力） 16：10 听力结束后完成阅读与翻译。 17：20 全部考试结束。
英语4级指导材料
大学英语四级考试辅导资料阅读Section B专题Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Good Things Come to Those Who Actively WaitA) In highly volatile markets, a company’s success or failure is often attributed to luck. Turbulent markets throw out opportunities whose timing, nature and magnitude managers can neither predict nor control. The same holds true for threats. In such a competitive casino, you place your bets and hope for the best. It is better to be lucky than good.B) For the past six years I have studied more than 20 pairs of comparable companies in unpredictable industries such as telecommunications, airlines and enterprise software and in countries such as China and Brazil. By pairing similar companies, I showed how they responded differently to the same unforeseen threats and opportunities.C) I found the more successful companies were luckier, in the sense that time and again they responded more effectively to unexpected shifts in regulation, technology, competition, macroeconomics or other volatile factors. Such luck is too important to leave to chance. The most successful companies exemplified “active waiting”, an approach to strategy in highly unpredictable markets that consists of anticipating and preparing for opportunities and threats that executives can neither fully predict nor control.D) But all opportunities are not equal. In volatile markets, companies face countless small and mid-sized opportunities and the periodic golden opportunity – a chance to create value disproportionate (不相称的) to resources invested in a short period of time. Typical golden opportunities include acquisition of a large competitor to gain global scale, such as the Royal Bank of Scotland’s acquisition of NatWest; explosive demand in an emerging market such as China or India; or pioneering a new product or service such as the iPod.E) Golden opportunities occur only when external circumstances throw open several windows of opportunity at the same time. Consider the opportunity for middleware –software that links a company’s applications –which IBM and BEA converted into billion-dollar businesses. Several developments occurred at once: the internet created demand for software that could get applications to talk to one another; available technology was up to the task; early leaders such as NCR and Novell weredistracted by other markets; the paucity (少量) of venture capital funding prevented many start-ups chasing the same market.F) Timing is everything in these circumstances. Had IBM or BEA entered the market a year or two earlier, customers’ pain would have been less acute and the technology fix less developed. A few years later, and new entrants flush with venture capital cash might have established a lead.G) Managers can neither predict nor control golden opportunities. But they can prepare their companies to capitalize on one when it arrives. The trick lies not in heroic efforts in the middle of golden opportunity, but in the quiet actions taken during periods of relative calm between the storms.H) Keep the priorities clear: In unpredictable markets, managers often try to hedge against every possible contingency (突发状况) by running countless experiments and launching a flurry of new initiatives. This is a big mistake. Employees and managers are overwhelmed by multiple, often conflicting, priorities. In attempting to pursue too many priorities simultaneously, executives dissipate (浪费) resources and hinder co-ordination across units. Managers must exercise ruthless discipline in choosing a small number of objectives to pursue first, putting other valid concerns to one side for the time being. Equally important, they must decide what to stop doing to free up time, attention and resources to make sure the truly critical objectives are met.I) Conduct reconnaissance (事前考察) into the future: Prudent executives will consciously take steps to investigate a foggy future. First, they should send out probes in a few directions to broaden the search for opportunities rather than staking everything on a single way forward. Exploratory forays include investing in or partnering with start-ups, or running small-scale experiments to test the market. Second, when conducting reconnaissance, managers must remain alert to anomalies (反常) – new information that surprises them or conflicts with expectations. In turbulent markets, a manager’s mental map quickly becomes outdated, and anomalies provide clues as to where the map is wrong.J) Keep a reserve: During periods of relative calm, executives should build a war chest of cash to deploy quickly when a golden opportunity emerges. This requires restraint. Spreading a company’s chips across too many probes or doubling down on too many bets at the same time leaves little cash in reserve when a big opportunity comes along. To avoid this risk, senior executives should scrutinize (详查) the company’s resource allocation process, cap the number of probes, and increase investment only after explicit evaluation.K) Keep the troops battle-ready: During periods of active waiting, executives must push through operational improvements –cutting costs, strengthening distribution, improving products. More efficient rivals can survive storms that drown rivals. Operating improvements during the lulls (暂时平静) contribute to the war chest, but also build the credibility required to seize the golden opportunity. The Royal Bank of Scotland, for example, won NatWest because the Scottish bank’s track record of execution convinced the capital markets that it was the buyer most likely to make the deal work.L) Declare the main effort: One of the greatest challenges in active waiting is deciding when to commit reserves and go for broke (孤注一掷). Periodically, executives encounter an opportunity or threat so important that it demands the company’s full focus. Declaring it the main effort creates a sense of urgency, focuses the organization, prioritizes resource allocation and lays the groundwork for coordinated effort. Yet many executives say that this was the most difficult decision they ever made. Playing it safe in the short term can prove hazardous in the long term. Companies that pass on every golden opportunity will eventually find themselves eclipsed (遮蔽，使失色) by players that can both wait actively and strike decisively.M) Fortune favors the well prepared: In unpredictable markets, good luck is too important to leave to chance. By actively waiting in the lulls between major opportunities and threats, managers can increase their odds of seizing the moment.46. Managers should investigate the future to search for opportunities and identify gaps in the market.47. Periodic golden opportunity is a good chance for companies to quickly create more value than resources invested.48. By making operational improvements during periods of active waiting, you can raise enough money and credibility to seize the golden opportunity.49. Managers should set aside enough money to fund major opportunities when they emerge rather than spend too much money on too many smaller ones.50. Although golden opportunities are unpredictable and uncontrollable, managers can prepare their companies to catch one when it comes.51. Several developments occurred at the same time bringing all kinds of opportunities among which golden opportunities emerge.52. Declare that an opportunity is your company’s main effort in order to seize it faster than rivals.53. Successful companies were usually luckier in highly unpredictable markets, which showed good examples of “active waiting”.54. Managers must choose a small number of objectives to pursue first and decide what to give up to save time, attention and resources for those truly critical tasks.55. IBM or BEA entered the IT market just in time to establish a lead.阅读Section B模拟训练（三）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Dangerous Are Swans?A) Since ancient times and in many countries the swan has been a symbol of gracefulness and a favorite motif for music, art, literature and legends. In Greek mythology, Zeus in the form of a swan courted Leda and fathered Apollo. One of Wagner's operas is woven around the old German story of Lohengrin, the knight of the swan. "Swan Lake" is the famous ballet by Tschaikovsky. Those huge birds float like great white flowers on the water. Their extremely long snaky necks allow them to reach deep down and feed on the roots and stems of underwater plants or to be hoisted high like periscopes to spy over the country.B) However, at nesting time swans usually become aggressive. Habitats with abundant food and with suitable nesting sites may be highly fought over. Those intruding on their territory, including large wildfowl, land mammals and people, may be warded off with an aggressively fast swimming approach often accompanied with hissing and busking which is a threat display where the swans neck is curved back and its wings are half raised. Mute swans tend to use the power of their wings to attack rather than their beaks. Mute swans often defend in pairs, says Julia Newth, research officer at the Wildlife and Wetlands Trust. The male swan is especially dangerous, even vicious. Children and dogs coming near the nest are often badly beaten or dragged into the water and drowned. A blow from his powerful wing has been known to break a man's leg.C) In 2012, a man has drowned after being attacked by a swan, which knocked him out of his kayak and stopped him swimming to shore. So how dangerous are these graceful white birds?D) Anthony Hensley, 37, worked for a company that provided swans to keep geese away from property. On Saturday morning, the married father of two set out in a kayak across a pond at a residential complex in Des Plaines, just outside Chicago, where he was tending the birds. One of the swans charged his boat, capsizing it, says Cook County Sheriff Tom Dart, whose deputies investigated the death. Mr. Hensley tried to swim to shore but eyewitnesses told the sheriff's investigators the swan appeared to have actively blocked him. "I find myself still scratching my head," says Sheriff Dart. "This truly is one of the ones that keep you from saying “I've seen everything now.”According to ornithologists, the swan's aggressive reaction is typical for the species, the mute swan, when defending a nest. "It's presumably a male swan and it's presumably paired, and it's set up home for the spring," says Chris Perrins, Her Majesty's Swan Warden and a retired Oxford ornithologist. "It's going to defend thatterritory." The males are fierce in defense of their nests, especially during the spring nesting season - April to June.E) In April 2010, a swan on the River Cam in England made the news after repeatedly attacking rowers. Over the last few years the bird has attacked any boat which gets too near, even chasing after motor boats and capsizing canoes. It was nicknamed Mr. Asbo, named after the Anti-Social Behavior Orders issued by UK courts at the time. Two years later, there are still calls for it to be removed from the river, as the seasonal attacks go on. Attempts had also been made to move him further up river, away from traffic, however he always found his way back. Rower Tony Smythe, 43, said: 'It had become a really serious problem and we wanted him to be removed before he injured someone so badly that they had to go to hospital. 'He has been here several summers and every year his behavior seems to get worse. 'Lately he has been attacking every boat that goes past. If you are sculling in a boat on your own there is nothing you can do when he comes for you. ” The Conservators of the River Cam, who manage the waterway, agreed the swan's behavior was getting "out of control" and he and his should be moved with his mate. Now, the pair has been taken to a site more than 50 miles away and outside the county before the spring nesting season begins. “We’re relieved he has finally gone.” said Rower Tony Smythe.F) But such incidents are very rare, says John Huston of the Abbotsbury Swannery in Dorset, where there are 1,000 swans but no recorded attacks on humans in the colony's 600-year history. "If you approach a swan nest on the river, they might get aggressive and hiss and flap their wings, but the danger is over-rated and it's a myth that they will break your leg or arm with their wings.”“They are not that strong and it's mostly show and bluster." He says he has spent many years handling swans and never been injured, just received the odd bruise. "They do fairly vigorously defend their little patch this time of year. Once the eggs are hatched he'll stay with the family and defend it. "They have a reputation for being a bit aggressive, but it's only that it's a matter of size, I guess. Presumably a duck wouldn't attack you because you look a bit big."G) John Faaborg, a biologist at the University of Missouri and president of the American Ornithologists' Union, has known people who were hurt by geese attacks. "And I am sure that swans can do major damage given that they are so big." In fact, mute swans are the largest waterfowl in the world, weighing up to 13kg (28lbs) and with a wing span of up to 2.4m (7.9ft). They are among the heaviest flying birds. In the case in Chicago, he says, it's understandable that someone in a river with their clothes and shoes on was unable to overpower a swan and swim to shore. So people should be aware that a large swan can give a thump, and the best advice is to stay away from the nest, which is often a place along the bank or shore where the reeds are flattened and the female is sitting.46. The sheriff of the Cook County assigned his deputies to investigate the death of a man caused by an aggressive swan which is truly a puzzle.47. The swan, a symbol of gracefulness, sometimes would become very bad-tempered and even dangerous.48. People should be warned not to approach swans’ territory during the nesting season. (G)49. The swan and its mate have been moved to a suitable receptor site which is 50 miles away from their Cambridge home.50. A scientist who studied birds believed that the murderer must be a male swan who was defending its nest.51. It is also believed that swans, the largest waterfowls and the heaviest flying birds, are big enough to do major damage.52. The swan on the River Cam in England has reportedly attacked river users on a number of occasions.53. The swan’s danger is thought to be exaggerated and in reality a swan is unable to break a man’s leg with its wings.54. Swans are very big waterfowls that feed chiefly on plants.55. A swan would curve its neck, half raise its wings, hiss aloud as a threat and swim fast toward intruders to drive them away from their territory.阅读Section B模拟训练（四）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A) In 1843, a young student named William Ebb Ellis at Rugby School in England, seemingly tired of the restrictions placed on him during a traditional game of association football, picked up the ball and ran with it down the field. While Ellis had violated the golden rule of football, that it is illegal to touch the ball with one’s hands, the students and staff at Rugby were intrigued by the prospect of a game which involved carrying, rather than dribbling with, the ball. The result was the game we now call Rugby. By 1845, a set of rules had been developed. Large goal posts were erected on the school’s playing field, and it was decided that players who touched the ball down over the goal line would be permitted a try at goal, and would receive points for successfully kicking the ball over the cross-bar which lay between the posts.B) The game of Rugby quickly increased in popularity. More schools, and later private clubs, were intrigued by the sport and leagues began to develop. The school’s invention was even exported to Canada. There are records of the sport being played at Trinity College in Montreal by the 1860s.C) Like several other popular sports including ice hockey and basketball, American football as we know it today first developed on college campuses. In the 1870s, colleges began to challenge each other to a game which followed almost exactly the rules laid down in Rugby thirty years earlier. In 1874, Harvard and the Canadian college McGill faced each other in their first game of Rugby, and Harvard challenged Yale a year later.D) Intrigued by the game, representatives from Harvard, Columbia, Princeton and Yale met to discuss the adaptation of the rules of Rugby to suit their own needs. The meeting became known as the Massoit Convention of 1876. The delegates made only minor adjustments to the rules, essentially preserving the original principles of the sport. At the same meeting, the representatives agreed to form the Intercollegial Football Association.E) The game finally began to evolve into the modern version of American football under the influence of Walter Camp, head coach at Yale. Camp decided that the number of players on each team ought to be reduced from fifteen to eleven. He also introduced a new scoring system in which a “touchdown” would be worth six points; a principle that still exists today.F) It was also Walter Camp who introduced the most significant difference between Rugby and American football; the system of “downs”, in which a team is only given a certain number of plays tocover a particular area of the field before they are forced to give up possession of the ball to their opponents. In addition, one of the fundamental principles of Rugby, that the ball can only be passed backwards, was eliminated from the new version of the rules. Camp would remain a strong influence on the development of the sport until his death in the 1920s.G) This new version of the game caught on quickly at other colleges, and games were soon being played according to Camp’s new rules. Unfortunately, the development of Camp’s system of “downs” led to increasingly vicious tackling, and observers soon became concerned about whether or not the sport was safe enough to be played on college campuses. Their concerns were not without foundation; a number of players had been seriously injured, or even killed, playing the sport by the early 1900s. Eighteen players were reportedly killed in 1905 alone. One of the observers who expressed concern for the safety of the students was none other than Theodore Roosevelt, the President of the United States then, who implored Walter Camp to save the sport by reassessing the rules and suggesting alternatives which might make the game safer.H) Adaptations introduced to make the game safer included the introduction of a neutral zone and a total ban on interlocking formations, in which the players would link arms to create a human barrier with the aim of protecting a teammate who was in possession of the ball. It was also decided that at least six players should be on the line of scrimmage （争球）(this later became seven) at the beginning of a play, to help prevent vicious tackling. The adaptations were successful, as the number of deaths and injuries decreased dramatically. The introduction of the new rules made the game recognizable as the modern version of the sport.I) The first professional football player is thought to have been Yaleman William Heffelfinger, who accepted money to play for the Alleghery Athletic Association against their rivals, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, in 1892. However, the first professional league was not established until 1910. Between 1920 and 1912, the administration of professional leagues was disorganized to say the least. Players had little incentive to remain loyal to a single team, and often acted as “freelance”athletes, selling their services to a team temporarily before moving quickly to another club. By 1920, it was decided that it would be in the best interests of the sport to develop a body that would oversee a major football league and bring some organization to the game. It was with this intention that delegates from major teams came together in Canton, Ohio, to discuss the future of the sport. They formed the American professional Football Association, renamed the National Football league (NFL) by 1922. The representatives drafted a constitution and made a number of important decisions, including a motion that would reduce the constant movement of players and encourage team loyalty. Jim Thorpe, who had found fame as an athlete and as a football and baseball player, was the first person to be elected president of the new organization.J) The NFL flourished in the remainder of the 20th century, and American football became increasingly popular, even stepping outside of the shadow of baseball in the years following World War II. This massive increase in popularity owed a lot to technological developments, most notably in 1939, whenthe game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Philadelphia Eagles made history as the first to be broadcast on television. Indeed, although over six hundred NFL players had fought for their country and twenty-one had been killed, the sport recovered quickly from the disruption imposed by the War, and an increasing number of Americans began to enjoy games, as more families began to purchase television sets.46. Many schools and private clubs were keen on the game of Rugby and leagues began to develop.47. Water Camp was the person who introduced the most significant difference between Rugby and American football.48. During a traditional game of association football, it was illegal to touch the ball with one’s hands.49. The representatives from Harvard, Columbia, Princeton and Yale met to discuss the adaptation of the rules of Rugby to suit their own needs.50. Jim Thorpe was the first person to be elected President of the American Professional Football Association by 1922.51. At the Massoit Convention of 1876, the Intercollegial Football Association was agreed to form.52. Like ice hockey and basketball, American football first developed on college campuses.53. American football became more popular because of technological developments.54. Because the development of Camp’s system of “downs”led to increasingly vicious tackling, observers soon became concerned about the safety of the sport.55. Adaptations introduced in order to make the game safer and successfully decreased the number of deaths and injuries.翻译专题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中华文明是世界古代文明中始终没有中断、连续5000多年发展至今的文明。
四级辅导讲座
作文不理想的四个主要原因 第四. 缺乏应试技巧。
主要表现为有些学生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向 （如Dear Friends, let's …）,或画蛇添足,本来 文章该结束了却偏要罗罗嗦嗦再来两句多余的话； 另外一些学生字数把握不准，不是写得太短就是写 得太长，写得太短的会因为字数不够而失分，太长 的又因为阅卷老师任务繁重，时间窘迫，不能因为 一篇文章乱了整个阅卷节奏。还有一些学生的笔迹 （尤其是用纯蓝墨水钢笔和出水太浅的圆珠笔写的 ），让阅卷老师怎么也看不清楚。
作文 评分标准
• 按顺序从高到低排列，兴奋点分别是： 脉络 （organization） 行 文 （ facility in the use of language and appropriate word choice） 细节及论据（details and examples） • 盲区是：
你选择了什么论点
1) 本题满分为15分 2) 阅卷标准共分为五等：2分、5分、8分、11 分及14分。 3) 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分， 若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该 分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数 则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但 不得加或减半分。
四级作文 评分标准
2分…条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有 错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分…基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重 语言错误。 8分…基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯； 语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分…切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错。
大学英语四级作文辅导4(真题作文)
1. 简要描述图片： 简要描述，即，描述图中主题，并引出相关的主题即可， 故可以结合考研春季基础班讲义，使用描述句式如下：
A：简单型 As we can see from the picture，there are two persons, debating about the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big, who are a father and his son. B：复杂型 As is vividly depicted in the picture, two men, who are a father and his son，are talking about what should be done firstly，the small thing or the big ones. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thoughtprovoking.
大学英语四级考试写作辅导
大学英语四级考试写作辅导2012年6月大学英语四级考试写作辅导(1)记叙文的思路与练习记叙文是以叙述人物的记忆和事物的进展变化过程为要紧表现形式的一种文体。
记叙文既能够以写人为主，又能够以写事为主。
写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即：时刻(When)——何时发生，有没有具体时刻?地方(Where)——何地发生，有没有地方变化?人物(Who)——何人参与，谁是主角?事件(What)——发生了啥，有何特点?缘故(Why)——事件的起因?结果(How)——事件的通过及结局?普通讲来，在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一别可的。
记叙文的思路就环绕这六大要素充分展开。
【例】四级考试中，只浮现过一次特意的记叙文体裁的写作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月浮现过包含记叙文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
关于“An Early Morning Walk”，懂命题要求后，我们就要开始构思了。
When：题目已规定了是“清晨”，在那个时候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不行，依然别去!)。
Who：在公园里看到晨练的人：中老年人、年轻人、孩子子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。
What：人们热火朝乾坤做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。
固然，由那个题目能够令人想到非常多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
参考范文An Early Morning WalkOne morning I got up very early， and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen， shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park， breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park， I found， to my surprise， that there were so many people there. Men and women， boys and girls， all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises， some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park. To my delight， I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home， I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【点评】文章按照时刻顺序(in chronological order)，第一句话点明时刻(One morning)、人物(第一人称“I”)，并简要描述了凌晨的特点(What was the setting)，继续第二段第一句话交代地方(in the park)，然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动(What was happening)，最终在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满脚了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。
2024年大学英语四级教案
大学英语四级教案一、教学目标大学英语四级课程旨在帮助学生提高英语综合运用能力，顺利通过四级考试。
通过本课程的学习，学生应能够：1.掌握四级词汇、语法和句型，具备基本的英语听说读写能力。
2.熟悉四级考试题型，掌握解题技巧，提高答题速度和准确率。
3.提升英语实际应用能力，为今后的工作和生活打下坚实基础。
二、教学内容1.词汇：四级考试要求掌握约4500个单词，本课程将按照主题分类，帮助学生系统学习、巩固和拓展词汇量。
2.语法：复习和巩固高中阶段所学语法知识，重点讲解四级考试中常见的语法难点和易错点。
3.听力：训练学生快速捕捉关键信息，提高听力理解能力，熟悉四级听力题型和解题技巧。
4.阅读：培养学生快速阅读、准确理解的能力，掌握四级阅读题型和解题技巧。
5.写作：教授各类作文模板，提高学生的写作能力，熟悉四级写作题型和要求。
6.翻译：训练学生准确、流畅地进行中英文互译，熟悉四级翻译题型和解题技巧。
三、教学方法1.课堂讲解：教师对词汇、语法、题型等进行详细讲解，帮助学生理解和掌握。
2.案例分析：通过分析历年四级真题，使学生熟悉考试题型和答题技巧。
3.小组讨论：分组讨论，培养学生合作精神和解决问题的能力。
4.情景模拟：模拟实际考试场景，提高学生的应试能力。
5.课后作业：布置适量课后作业，巩固所学知识，提高学生的自学能力。
四、教学安排1.阶段一（1-4周）：词汇学习，每天学习一定数量的单词，并进行复习和测试。
2.阶段二（5-8周）：语法学习，每周讲解一个语法点，配合练习题进行巩固。
3.阶段三（9-12周）：听力训练，每天进行听力练习，提高听力理解能力。
4.阶段四（13-16周）：阅读训练，每天进行阅读练习，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
5.阶段五（17-20周）：写作和翻译训练，每周布置一篇作文和翻译练习，提高写作和翻译能力。
五、教学评价1.平时成绩：包括课堂表现、作业完成情况和小组讨论等，占总评的40%。
2.期中考试：考察词汇、语法和听力等基础知识，占总评的20%。
大学英语四级考试复习材料
大学英语四级考试复习材料备考英语四级需要的资料首先：一本英语四级词汇书。
现在市面上有多种多样的词汇书，但整理也就分为两大类，一是正序版的词汇书，另一类是倒序版的词汇书。
选择适合自己的就可以。
第二，一个背单词的app。
手机有很多背单词的app，单词生动形象，而且可以利用零碎的时间来背单词，比单纯的背单词书能更快的掌握单词。
第三，历年真题。
买历年真题进行刷题。
历年真题的选择比较简单，最好有近5年的真题，真题有详解的答案，包括听力原文、阅读原文、每道题的答案详解及注释等等，越全面越好，对自己做题后对答案有很大帮助。
做错的题要进行勾画复习，找出做错的原因，不认识的单词抄下来背诵，不懂的语法知识点进行百度，实在搞不清楚要问同学问老师。
多刷几遍真题，争取做到可以领会出题者的意图，知道考察点，这样一定可以过四级。
如何准备四级考试1. 扩大英语词汇量四级要求大约4000个以上的词汇量，扩大词汇量是准备四级最基本的要求。
如果每天背50个新单词，两个月就可以积累3000个单词。
加上以前知道的单词，超过4000个应该没有问题。
2. 系统掌握英语语法从四级考试中可以看出，有很多与语法紧密相关的题目，如阅读理解题、完形填空、纠错题、翻译题、写作题等，都包含了对语法知识的考查。
考生在复习语法知识时，要重点掌握10大类单词的用法，16大时态和语态的用法，各种句子的用法等。
因此学好了语法，才能提高答题正确率。
3. 练习不同类型问题的听力理解特别是复合式听写部分，要求考生不仅要理解它是什么，还要写出正确的答案，尤其是比较难的单词拼写。
因此大多数考生在练习听力的过程中特别要加强书写能力，平时可以练习比较复杂的单词拼写，在考试的听写部分会比较有用。
4. 集中精力做阅读理解练习阅读理解题在整个考试中占有很高的分数，同时阅读理解题中的后两篇文章难度较大，所以做题的时间比较长。
因此，考生在备考时需要大量练习这类题型，在做题型的过程中要积累经验和掌握做题型的技巧，在判断句子的正误和填空时要重视细节点。
大学英语四级辅导
观众朋友大家好，欢迎您收看由考试在线频道和北京新东方学校为您联合录制的大学英语四级考试准备的节目，我是来自北京新东方学校的听力老师张扬，其实我和大家也一样，经历过大学的时代，也考过英语考试，并且我也能感受到大家现在心里的焦虑，或者说一种紧张，毕竟这是我们在大学第一次独立的准备一个考试，但是我想告诉你们的是其实你会发现当你走过了这样一段过程，你会发现其实整个过程当中你需要掌握的很多东西，都慢慢的会云开雾散，我们今天主要跟大家讲听力，而听力考试在新四级考试中的比重非常大，我们知道2006年新四级考试已经逐渐代替了老四级考试，而新老四级最大区别体现在听力分值的差别，在老四级的分值上面听力只有20分，不算是最重要的题目，但是在新四级考试，听力的比重已经占到35分，所以这样一种变化也需要大家对听力保持足够的关注。
新老四级很大区别我们说在听力的题型上也会发生一些变化，我们首先跟大家介绍一下四级考试听力的大纲及其题型的要求。
四级考试的听力要求大家通过四级考试听力以后能够去听懂一些日常的交流和对话，并且能够听懂一些课堂的讲座，因此它整个这样的题型全部是围绕这两个方面进行的，目前新四级考试的题型固定是四种，这四题型除了最后的第四种之外，前面三种和老四级并无区别。
首先第一种是大家非常熟悉的小对话题型。
小对话题型一般来说是日常对话8题，每题时间15秒钟，中间会间隔12秒左右是给你做选择的时间，这个时间你需要把四个选项仔细读完，在听到以后马上做出选择，甚至最好可以留下一些时间为预测后面的选项做准备。
第二组题型我们称之为小短文，小短文题型是四级考试最古老的题型，它的要求是在通过四级考试听力以后，去出国的时候，你能够听懂老师的一些课堂讲座，因此短文的题材主要是一些科普小文章，或者是一些新闻的小文体，或者我们称之为一些小故事，它的篇幅都不太长，一般在150到180个词之间，因此我们需要在那一段时间保持高度关注，将后面3到4题做完。
大学英语四级考试 CET4听力部分 1【精选】
右的时间迅速预览10个短小对话。 新题型时间分配!
四级听力关键——预览
预览心诀:竖看加联想
section A 不能仅分析每个选项的意思，而要"竖看",把握四个选项
有些工作岗位会require much traveling，(要求经常出差) 还有些工作，做不了多久就会希望find a way out(找到出 路)。
大学英语四级听力60个必考习语 详解
五、as
1、作为，当作。 I am working as his teaching assistant.
中共同的重要信息，然后根据这些共同的重要信息来联 想这个题目可能涉及的话题 演示一:2005年1月考题第一题 A) The man enjoys traveling by car. B) The man lives far from the subway. C) The man is good at driving. D) The man used to own a car.
5、as soon as
I will do that for you as soon as I have fixed the machine.
大学英语四级听力60个必考习语 详解
六、awfully 非常地，相当地。在口语中用于表程度的
比例十分高。 awfully nervous 相当紧张；awfully cold
五、Topics
六、Cause and Effect
七、 Inference 八、Judgment of Action
大学英语四级考试精讲班第24讲讲义
大学英语四级考试精讲班第24讲讲义短文理解考点突破（续）Passage 4:(1)扫描选项：12. [A] He ran a village shop.[B] He worked on a farm.[C] He worked in an advertising agency.[D] He was a gardener.13. [A] It was stressful.[B] It was colorful.[C] It was peaceful.[D] It was boring.14. [A] His desire to start his own business.[B] The crisis in his family life.[C] The decline in his health.[D] His dream of living in the countryside.(2)预测信息：12.选项介绍了“他”的工作地点和职业，猜测题干问他的职业。
13.由“压力大”、“丰富多彩”、“平静”、“无聊”猜测题干问工作或生活的状况。
注意“it”在文中所指。
14.四个选项为名词短语，且crisis, decline暗示了不好的方面，猜测题干问导致某种变化或某种改变的原因。
(3)听原文，记笔记：I live in a small village in the country. My wife and I run the village shop. We have a very peaceful life. Boring, some might say. But we love it. We know all the people in the village and have plenty of time to stop and chat. I have plenty of time for my hobbies too, gardening, fishing, walking in the countryside. I love the outdoor life.It wasn’t always like this though. I used to have a really stressful job, working till late at the office every evening and often bringing work home at the weekend. The advertising world is very competitive and when I look back, I can’t imagine how I stood it. I had no private life at all. No time for the really important things in life. Because of the pressure of the job, I used to smoke and drink too much. The crisis came when my wife left me. She complained that she never saw me and that I had no time for family life.This made me realize what was really important to me. I talked things through with her and decided to get back together again and to start a new and better life together. I gave up tobacco and alcohol and searched for new hobbies. Now I’m afraid of looking back, since the past life seemed a horrible dream.Questions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.(4)验证答案：12. What did the speaker use to do for a living?选[C]。
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Text 2 P78
• 87. It’s high time that measures were taken to solve the problem of water pollution (采取措施 解决水污染的问题). • 88. It’s a pity. You should have invited her to your birthday party (本应该邀请她来参加你的 生日派对的). • 89. The fact that she kept silent about the plan (她对这个计划保持沉默这一事实) made everyone curious.
Test 7 P140
• 87. There were a lot of people who love to watch TV (喜欢看电视), but I prefer to read books in my spare time. • 88. There is no specific requirements on the sample listening tests, so students can listen to the dialogue repeatedly as much as they want (想要听几遍都可以). • 89. Internet is playing an increasingly important role (起着越来越重要的作用) in our modern society.
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Test 5 P116
• 90. So many directors being absent (缺席), the board meeting had to be put off until a later time.
• 91. The scientist has contributed his whole life to the development of the nation (把他的一生 献给了国家的发展).
Test 4 P103
• 87. There is no denying the fact / no doubt (毫 无疑问) that universities are going to implement the new curriculum this semester. • 88. Not being seen (他趁没人看见) by anyone, he escaped. • 89. If you want to register this course, you are required to take other two fundamental courses first (先上另外两门基础课).
Test 6 P127
• 90. Nowadays, companies can make full use of / take full advantage of a variety of / various media to promote their products (充分利用众 多的媒体对产品进行广告宣传) so as to boost their sales. • 91. It is sensible for him to act as if he were mad in the court, because in that case, he would be exempt from punishment (免受法律 的惩罚).
Text 3 P91
• 87. There was such a long queue (那么长的队) in front of the main building that we had to wait for about an hour to register for the course.
• 88. The Browns promised to give us a hand as long as they are free (只要他们有时间).
Test 7 P140
• 90. Except for its lengthiness (成了比较长之 外), the report can be regarded as convincing and impressive.
• 91. As a client relationship manager, one has to always consider the needs of the customers rather than / instead of one’s own convenience (而不是自己的方便).
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• 90. Businessmen and environmentalists often disagree on whether or not economic development will be achieved at the expense of environmental pollution (经济发展是否会以牺 牲环境为代价). • 91. Even if government have established regulations on scientific and technological development, its further advancement might still bring about adverse / negative impact / effect / influence on human beings (仍然可能 给人类带来负面的影响).
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Test 6 P127
• 87. I am not in favor of mother selling the old house (母亲卖掉老房子). • 88. What children need most (孩子们最需要的) is the respect as an individual from their parents and teachers. • 89. The teacher decided that the paper should be submitted before next Monday (论文应该 在下个星期一之前交).
Text 3 P91
• 89. The two kids are planning to go outing, together with their parents (和他们的父母一 块儿). • 90. Governments in world should take effective measures against transnational crimes. • 91. Nancy went swimming with her friends, which surprised me (对此我很吃惊).
Test 4 P103
Test 5 P115
• 87. The doctor managed to help pull her through (让她经受住) a long and difficult illness. • 88. Chinese students found it hard for them to adapt to / adjust to the atmosphere of American classrooms (适应美国课堂的氛围). • 89. The parents stared at their child angrily, waiting for him to explain the whole matter (等着他来解释事情的原委).