华东理工大学高分子材料专业英语翻译
高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译 (2)
高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering are closely related andoften used interchangeably. Polymer Science is concerned with the chemistry and physics of polymers, while Polymer Engineering teaches students how to design and manufacture polymer products. No matter which field you choose, there is constant innovation and new developments in the field of Polymer Science and Engineering.高分子科学和高分子工程密切相关,常常互换使用。
高分子科学研究聚合物的化学和物理学,而高分子工程则教授学生如何设计和制造聚合物产品。
无论您选择哪个领域,高分子科学和工程的领域中都不断有创新和新发展。
Polymers are large molecules that are made up of repeating units called monomers. These molecules are characterized by their high molecular weight, which gives them unique properties such as strength, elasticity, and durability. There are many types of polymers, including plastics, rubbers, and fibers.聚合物是由称为单体的重复单位组成的大分子。
(完整版)史上最全——高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇大全
高分子材料与工程专业词汇大全(包含:一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~)一高分子化学coiling type polymer二高分子反应齐聚反应(曾用名)22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链[式]聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合,乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯[类]聚合diene polymerization31 加[成]聚[合]addition polymerization32自由基聚合,游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合,可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization,CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization,RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer,RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization,FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43 无活性端聚合,dead end polymerization死端聚合(曾用名)44 光[致]聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization,ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子[型]聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合,阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活[性]聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合,阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活[性]聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合,立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映[体]不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映[体]对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization,GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应,逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合,俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步[增长]聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization,polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合,间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮[类]引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物,charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂,聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator,difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst 174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 [二]茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer219 加成断裂链转移[反应]addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂,阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端[反应]end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合[反应]copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240 恒[组]分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂,链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫[黄]硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization三高分子物理23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链;链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装,分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration,CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight,viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution,MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index,PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation 160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级,淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶,附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长,附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal 234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism 235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性,弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变;变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹,回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis,TBA342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature 395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model四高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译(第二版)
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:Unit 1 What are polymers?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands.与低分子化合物不同的是,普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105,甚至大于106。
These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds.这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。
小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。
To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound.举例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。
高分子材料工程专业英语
高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or‗macro-molecules‘ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
史上最全——高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇大全
(包含:一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~)一高分子化学coiling type polymer二高分子反应15官能单体functional monomer16大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17环状单体cyclic monomer18共聚单体comonomer19聚合[反应]polymerization20均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应,21齐聚反应 (曾用名)22调聚反应telomerization23自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24预聚合prepolymerization25后聚合post polymerization26再聚合repolymerization27铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28链[式]聚合chain polymerization29烯类聚合,乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30双烯[类]聚合diene polymerization31加[成]聚[合]addition polymerization32自由基聚合,free radical polymerization,游离基聚合 (曾用名)radical polymerizationcontrolled radical polymerization,CRP 控制自由基聚合,33可控自由基聚合34活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization,35ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical 36polymerization, RATRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain 37transfer,RAFT38氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization,FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization 40polymerization41自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合,dead end polymerization43死端聚合 (曾用名)44光[致]聚合photo polymerization45光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47四中心聚合four center polymerization48电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50热聚合thermal polymerization51电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization,54ROMP55精密聚合precision polymerization56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59离子[型]聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61离子对聚合ion pair polymerizationcationic polymerization正离子聚合,62阳离子聚合63碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65假正离子活[性]聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization 66活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合,阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization 72负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization 73烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74活[性]聚合living polymerization75两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77配位聚合coordination polymerization78配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization 80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization 81插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合,立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88对映[体]不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89对映[体]对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization,GTP93消除聚合elimination polymerization94模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95插层聚合intercalation polymerization96无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97开环聚合ring opening polymerization98活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization 99不死的聚合immortal polymerization100酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应,逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102偶联聚合coupling polymerization103序列聚合sequential polymerization104闪发聚合,俗称暴聚flash polymerization105氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步[增长]聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization,polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification typepolymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass 114polymerization115固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118溶液聚合solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension 122polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl 123polymerization124分散聚合dispersion polymerization125反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126种子聚合seeding polymerization127乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133分批聚合,间歇聚合batch polymerization134原位聚合in situ polymerization135均相缩聚homopolycondensation136活化缩聚activated polycondensation137熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140界面聚合interfacial polymerization141界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145引发剂initiator146引发剂活性activity of initiator147聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148自由基引发剂radical initiator149偶氮[类]引发剂azo type initiator1502,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153复合引发体系complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物,charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156聚合加速剂,聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator, difunctional 158initiator159三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160大分子引发剂macroinitiator161引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, 162iniferter163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166正离子引发剂cationic initiator167负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168共引发剂coinitiator169烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177[二]茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst化剂180双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocenecatalyst183均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184链引发chain initiation185热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188诱导期induction period189引发剂效率initiator efficiency190诱导分解induced decomposition191再引发reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propagation 193增长链端propagating chain end194活性种reactive species195活性中心active center196持续自由基persistent radical197聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198链终止chain termination199双分子终止bimolecular termination200初级自由基终止primary radical termination201扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202歧化终止disproportionation termination203偶合终止coupling termination204单分子终止unimolecular termination205自发终止spontaneous termination206终止剂terminator207链终止剂chain terminating agent208假终止pseudotermination209自发终止self termination210自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211旋转光闸法rotating sector method212自由基寿命free radical lifetime213凝胶效应gel effect214自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215链转移chain transfer216链转移剂chain transfer agent217尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain 218transfer219加成断裂链转移[反应]addition fragmentation chain transfer 220链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222阻聚作用inhibition223缓聚剂retarder224缓聚剂,阻滞剂retarding agent225阻聚剂inhibitor226封端[反应]end capping227端基terminal group228聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230聚合热heat of polymerization231共聚合[反应]copolymerization232二元共聚合binary copolymerization233三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234竞聚率reactivity ratio235自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237无规共聚合random copolymerization238理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240恒[组]分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244共聚合方程copolymerization equation245共缩聚copolycondensation246逐步共聚合step copolymerization247同种增长homopropagation248自增长self propagation249交叉增长cross propagation250前末端基效应penultimate effect251交叉终止cross termination252Q值Q value253e值e value254Q,e概念Q, e scheme255序列长度分布sequence length distribution256侧基反应reaction of pendant group257扩链剂,链增长剂chain extender258交联crosslinking259化学交联chemical crosslinking260自交联self crosslinking261光交联photocrosslinking262交联度degree of crosslinking263硫化vulcanization264固化curing265硫[黄]硫化sulfur vulcanization266促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268无规交联random crosslinking269交联密度crosslinking density270交联指数crosslinking index271解聚depolymerization272①降解②退化degradation273链断裂chain breaking274解聚酶depolymerase275细菌降解bacterial degradation276生物降解biodegradation277化学降解chemical degradation278辐射降解radiation degradation279断链降解chain scission degradation280自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281无规降解random degradation282水解降解hydrolytic degradation283热降解thermal degradation284热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285光降解photodegradation286光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 288接枝聚合graft polymerization289活化接枝activation grafting三高分子物理16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement 34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain。
化学工程与工艺 专业英语词表(华东理工)
专业英语词表(2002.11.修订)(加注* 者为专业英语学位考试中词汇英译汉和汉译英的考试范围。
)* abrasion n. 磨损,磨蚀,剥蚀* absorption n.吸收(作用)abundance n. 丰度;丰富;(大,分布,数)量* accessory n. (pl.) 辅助设备[装置],附件 a. 附属的,辅助的accidenetal error 偶然[随机]误差* accuracy n. 准确性[度]* acetate n. 醋酸盐[酯],乙酸盐[酯,根];醋酸纤维素* acetic acid 醋酸acetyl n. 乙酰基* acetylene n. 乙炔actinium n. 锕Acactivated carbon 活性炭* activity n. 活度;活动性* additive n. 添加剂,加成剂 a. 附加的,加成的adhesive n. 胶粘剂,粘结剂* adiabatic a. 绝热的admix v. 掺[混]合* adsorbent n. 吸附剂,吸附物质adsorber n. 吸附器* adsorption n.吸附(作用)* aerate vt. 充气,鼓气,通风,鼓风aer(o)- 空气;气体aerobic a. 好氧的,需氧的,有氧的* affinity n. 亲和力,亲和势,化合力agglomeration n. 附聚,凝聚,* agitator n. 搅拌器,搅拌装置airtightness n. 气密性,密封性-al 醛* alcohol n.(乙)醇,酒精-aldehyde 醛algebraic a. 代数(学)的algorithm n. 算术,算法* aliphatic a. 脂肪族的,无环的alkali n. 碱(性,质),强碱* alkaline n. 碱性 a.强碱的* alkane n. 烷(属)烃,(链)烷* alkene n. 烃烯* alkyl n. 烷基,烃基* alkylation n. 烷基化,烷基取代* alkyne n. 炔(属)烃* aluminum n. =aluminium铝Al amalgamation n. 合并,混合;汞合,汞齐作用-amide 酰胺-amine 胺amine n. 胺amino- 氨基* ammonia n. 氨(水)* ammonium n. 铵(基)* amorphous a. 无定形的, 非晶体的* analogy n. 类似,相似(性),类推anatomy n.解剖,分解;构造,组织-ane 烷angular a. 角的,角度的,有角的* anhydrous a. 无水的* anionic a. 阴[负]离子的anisotropic a. 各相异性的,非均质的* anode n. 阳极,正极antibiotic n. 抗生[菌]素,抗生素学a. 抗菌的antiknock a. 抗爆的,防爆的,抗震的antimony n. 锑Sb* antioxidant n. 抗氧化剂,防老化剂* aqueous a.(含,多,似)水的,水成[化,样,多]的argon n. 氩Ar* aromatic a. 芳香(族)的,芳(香)烃的aromatization n. 芳构化* array n. 序,列,组;族,系,类artificial intelligence人工智能* aryl n. 芳基asphalt n. 沥青,柏油-ate 用于由词尾为-ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类的名称atomize vt. 使雾化,喷雾attainment n. 开工率attrition n. 磨损,研磨naught n. 无(价值),零authenticity n. 可靠性,真实性autoclave n. 压煮器, 高压釜* azeotrope n. 恒沸物,共沸混合物backbone n. 构架, 骨干, 主要成分* back-mixing 返混bacteria n. (bacterium的复数)细菌* baffle n. 挡板;折流板;缓冲板bank n. 一排,排,列,群barium n. 钡Ba* base n. 碱* batch a.间歇的,分批的bench n. 实验台,装置* benzene n. 苯bi- 二,两个,双bifunctional a. 双官能团的binary a.;n. 二,二元的biochemical a. 生物化学的biodegradable a. 可生物降解的bismuth n. 铋Bibitumen n. 沥青bleaching n. 漂白 a. 漂白的boiler n. 锅炉boiling point 沸点bombardment n. 照射,辐照;轰击,打击* bond n.;v.(化学)键,键合borate n. 硼酸盐[酯]boric acid 硼酸boron n. 硼Bbottom n. (pl.) 底部沉积物,残留物,残渣* boundary layer边界层brine n.盐水,卤水,海水bromide n. 硼化物* bromine n. 溴Btu = British thermal unit 英热量单位(=252卡)bubble column 鼓泡塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔budget n. 预算* buffer n.; vt. 缓冲,缓冲剂* bulk density 堆积密度bulk polymerization本体聚合bulk a. 散装的;大块的* bump v. 扰动,暴沸;冲击,造成凹凸* buoyancy n. 浮力,浮性buoyant a. 有浮力的,能浮的,易浮的butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n. 丁烷butene n. 丁烯* butyl n. 丁基cadmium n. 镉Cdcalandria n. 排管式,加热管群calcine v.; n. 煅烧,烧成(灰)* calcium n. 钙Ca* calorific value 热值,发热量* capillary n.; a. 毛细作用(的),毛细管(的)capital-intensive a. 资本密集的,资本集约的capsule n. 胶囊;(密封)(座)舱carbide n. 碳化物;碳化钙* carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物,糖carbon black 炭黑* carbon n. 碳C* carbonate n. 碳酸盐,碳酸脂vt. 碳化,使化合成碳酸盐(酯);充碳酸气于carbonization n. 焦化,碳化处理,渗碳* carbonyl n. 羧基carbonylation n. 羧化作用* carboxyl n. 羰基* carrier n. 载体* cascade v.;n. 级联,串级;梯流,阶流式布置catalysis n. 催化(作用,反应)* catalyst n. 催化剂catalytic a. 催化的category n. 种类,类型,范畴* cathode n. 阴极,负极cationic a. 阳[正]离子的* caustic a. 苛性的n. 苛性物,氢氧化物cellular a. 多孔的,细胞的,由细胞组成的cellulose n. 纤维素,细胞膜质 a. 细胞的central downtake 中央降液管centrifugal a. 离心力的,利用离心力的* centrifuge n.;v. 离心;离心机,离心器ceramic a. 陶器的,陶瓷的,制陶的certitude n. 确实,必然性acetone n. 丙酮CFC = chlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃char n. 炭,木炭* chelation n. 螯合作用chemical vapor deposition化学气相淀积chlor(o)- 氯(化)* chloralkali n.氯碱chlorate n. 氯酸盐* chloride n. 氯化物,漂白剂* chlorine n.氯(气)Clchlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃(CFC)chromate n. 铬酸盐* chromatography n. 色谱(法,学),色层法* chromium n. 铬Crcis- 顺式clone n. 克隆,无性繁殖系* coagulation n. 凝结[聚, 固];胶凝, 絮凝coal carbonization 煤干馏coal-tar 煤焦油coarse a. 粗的,大的* cobalt n. 钴Cococatalyst n. 助(辅)催化剂* cocurrent n. 并流* coefficient n. 系数coke n. 焦炭,焦vt. 炼焦,焦化colloid n. 胶体,胶粒 a. 胶状的,胶体的* combustion n. 燃烧commence v. 开始,开始(做),开工comminute vt. 粉碎,磨碎,分割commission v. 交工试运转,投产commodity n. 日用品,商品compactness n. 致密(性),密集(性),紧凑compatibility n. 兼容性,相容性,适应性complement n. 补充,互补,补充物;配套* composite n. 复合材料, 合成[复合, 组合]物* composition n. 组成,成分,结构concrete n. 混凝土 a. 混凝土的condensate n. 冷凝物,冷凝液v. 冷凝,凝结* condenser n. 冷凝器* conduction n. 传导(性,率,系数),导热[电](性,率,系数)* conductivity n. 传导率,导热系数conduit n. 导管,输送管,(大)管道* configuration n. 构造,结构;外形,轮廓confluence n. 合流(点),汇合(处);集合,聚集conical a. (圆)锥形的* conserve vt.守恒;节省;保存* consistence n. 一致性;稠度* constituent n. 组成,组分,成分constraint n. 限制,制约,约束constriction n. 收缩[敛];缩紧* contaminate vt. 污染,弄脏,毒害* continuum n. 连续介质;连续(统一体);连续光谱* convection n. (热,电)对流,迁移converge v. 会聚,汇合,[数]收敛* coordinate n. 坐标;配位 a. 坐标的,配位的v. 配合,配位coordination n. 配位, 配合copolymer n.共聚物* correlation n. 相关(性),(相互,对比)关系* corrosion n. 腐蚀,锈蚀* counter current 逆流counterpart n. 对应物,配对物,对方;一对东西中之一,副本covalent a. 共价的* cracking n. 裂化,裂解* criterion n. (pl.) criteria判据,准则,判断标准* critical velocity 临界速度* cross section (横)截面,剖面,断面* cross-current n. 错流,正交流cross-flow 错流,交叉流动,横向流动cross-link v. (聚合物)交联,横向耦合* cryogenic a. 冷冻的,深冷的,低温的* crystal n. 结晶,晶体,晶粒;水晶石英crystalline a. 结晶的,结晶状的;水晶的* crystallization n. 结晶(作用,过程)CSTR =continuously stirred tankreactor 连续搅拌釜反应器culture n.;vt. (人工,细菌)培养[繁殖],栽培;文化[明] cure v. 塑化,固化,硫化,硬化;处理curriculum n.(一门,全部)课程* cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cyclohexane n. 环已烷* cyclone n. 旋风分离器,旋流器deactivate vt. 减活,去活化,钝化debit vt.;n. (记入)借方deca- 十,癸decane n. 癸烷decantation n. 倾析(法),倾滤,滗析* decline v.;n. 下降,减少,倾斜,衰落* decomposition n. 分解, 离解* degradation n. 降解,退化,衰变,降级degree of freedom 自由度degree of polymerization聚合度* dehydrate v.; n. 脱水,干燥dehydrogenation n. 脱氢(作用)*dense-phase 密相*density n. 密度;稠密(性,度)deoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸deplete vt. 放空,耗尽,使枯竭;贫化,减少* derivative n. 衍生物;导数desalt vt. 脱盐* desulphurisation n. 脱硫,除硫detergent n.洗涤剂,去污剂deterioation n. 退化,变质,降低(品质)di- 二,重,双* diagnose v. 判断,诊断;确定,分析,识别,断定(···的原因)* dialysis n. 渗析,渗透diamond n. 金刚石,钻石* diaphragm n. 隔膜,隔板diesel oil 柴油diesel n. 内燃机,柴油机* differential a.; n. 微分(的),差分(的);(有)差别(的)differentiate v. 区分,区别;求微分,求导数* diffuse v. 扩散,散布* dilute a. 稀(薄,释)的,淡的v.稀释,冲淡*dilute-phase 稀相dimensionless a. 无因次的,无量纲的* dimentional a. ···维的;因次的;维数的;尺寸的* diminish v. 减少,递减,削弱,由大变小dipole n. 偶极(子)* discrete a. 离散的,不连续的,独立的,个别的dispatch vt.(迅速地)发送,派遣;迅速办理,了结* dispersion n. 分散(体系,作用);扩散(现象)dissipate v. 使耗散,消除,消耗dissolution n. 溶解,溶化* dissolve v.;n. 使溶解,溶化* distil(l) vt. 蒸馏,用蒸馏法提取;提取···的精华distillate n. 馏出物,馏出液;精华* distillation n. 蒸馏(作用),馏份* down time 停车时间,故障期downcomer n. 降液管* drag n. 阻力,曳力* droplet n. 液滴,微滴,小滴duct n. (导,输送)管,(管,渠,地,风,烟)道,槽* dumped packing 乱堆填料dyestuff n. 染料,颜料,着色剂dynamic a. 动力(学)的,动态的* dynamics n. (动)力学,动态(特性)earth vt. 接地,通地ebullating bed 沸腾床* ecosystem n. 生态系(统)* eddy n. 漩涡,涡流* effluent a.; n 流出(的,物),废水及废气elastomer n. 合成橡胶,人造橡胶;弹性体,高弹体electrochemical a. 电化学的* electrode n. 电极* electrodialysis n. 电渗析electrolyse vt. 电解(= electrolyze)* electrolysis n. 电解(法,作用),电分析electrostatic a. 静电的* eluent n. 洗脱液,洗脱剂* elution n. 洗提,洗出* emission-free a. 无排放的,零排放的emulsion polymerization乳液聚合* emulsion n. 乳胶,乳(化,状,(浊)液,乳剂encompass vt.包含,包括;完成;围绕encyclopedia n. 百科全书;某科全书* endothermic a. 吸热的end-product n. 最后产物,最终结果-ene 烯enhance vt.提高,增强* enrich v.使浓缩,增浓* enthalpy n. 焓,热函,(单位质量的)热含量* entrainment n. 挟带;雾沫夹带* entropy n. 熵envisage vt. 设想,预计,重视* enzyme n. 酶,酵素epoxy n. 环氧树脂equality n. 等式,相等* equilibrium stage 平衡级* equilibrium n. 平衡erosion n. 磨蚀,风化,腐蚀,侵蚀* ester n. 酯ethane n. 乙烷* ethanol n. 乙醇,酒精ethene n. 乙烯* ether n. 醚,乙醚;以太ethics n. 职业规矩,道德标准,伦理观* ethyl n. 乙基,乙烷基* ethylene n. 乙烯* evaporation n. 蒸发,挥发,汽化* exergy n. 有用能,火用* exothermic a. 放热的expenditure n.(时间、金钱等的)支出,花费,使用expert system 专家系统* explosive limit 爆炸极限exponent n. 指数,幂(数),阶externalize vt. 使客观化,使具体化,给···以外形* extract n. 萃取相,萃取液vt. 萃取,提炼* extraction n. 萃取,提炼;抽出物,提取物* fabricate vt. 制造,生产,制备;装配,安装,组合falling film evaporator降膜式蒸发器* feed n. 进料,加料;加工原料fermentation n. 发酵ferri- 铁ferro- 亚铁ferrous a. (亚,二价,含)铁的,铁类的ferrum n. 铁* fertilizer n. 肥料(尤指化学肥料)fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维filament n. (细)丝,(细)线;灯丝,游丝filled tower 填料塔filler n. 填料,填充物filter aid 助滤剂* filter n. (过)滤器[机,层,纸] v.过滤filtrate v. 过滤,滤除n. 滤液* filtration n. 过滤* fine chemical 精细化学药品finishing n. 精加工,最终加工* finite a. 有限的,受限制的* fission n. 裂变* fixed bed 固定床* flammability n. 易燃性,可燃性,燃烧性flange n. 法兰flask n. 烧瓶,长颈瓶* flooding n. 液泛,溢流* flow sheet 工艺流程图,程序方框图* fluctuation n. 脉动,波动,起伏,增减flue n. 烟道,风道fluidization n. 流态化* fluidized bed 流化床fluo- 氟,荧光fluorescence n. 荧光* fluoride n. 氟化物* fluorine n. 氟Ffluoro- 氟代* flux n. 通量foam v. (使)起泡沫,变泡沫n. 泡沫forced circulation强制循环-form 仿formaldehyde n. 甲醛* formulate vt. 配方[制],按配方制造formulation n.配方,组成;公式化,列方程式* fossil fuel 化石燃料,石油* foul n. 污物[垢] v. 结垢,弄脏* fraction n. 馏份,分馏物;分数,部分fractional distillation 分馏(作用)fractionate vt. 使分馏,把···分成几部分free radical mechanism自由基机理free radical 自由基,游离基* freeze drying 冷冻干燥* friction n. 摩擦,摩擦力froth flotation 泡沫浮选* fugacity n. 逸度* functional group 官能团funnel n. 漏斗 a. 漏斗状的* fuse v. 熔融,熔化gallon n.加仑gas oil 粗柴油, 瓦斯油, 汽油* gasification n. 气化(法,作用)gasifier n. 气化炉gauge n. 表,计,规* gel n. 凝胶(体),冻胶gene n. 基因* generalization n. 归纳,概述,通则;普遍化,法则化genetics n. 遗传学glucose n. 葡萄糖;右旋糖glycerol n. 甘油,丙三醇gold n. 金Au* gradient n. 梯度,变化率,坡度granulate vt. 使成颗粒,使成粒状graphite n. 石墨gravitational fild 重力场*gravity settling 重力沉降greenhouse n. 温室,暖房* halogen n. 卤素hardware n. 硬件,硬设备,计算机H-bond n. 氢键* heat exchanger 热交换器helium n. 氦hepta- 七,庚heptane n. 庚烷* heptyl n. 庚基heteroatom n. 杂原子, 异质原子heterocyclic a. 杂环的* heterogeneous a. 多相的, 非均匀的HETP = height equivalent to a theoreticalplate等板高度,理论塔板的当量高度HETS = height equivalent to a theoreticalstage等板高度,理论塔板的当量高度hexa- 六,己hexane n. 己烷* hexyl n. 己基hierarchy n. 体系,系统;层次* holdup n. 滞留量,滞液量* homogeneous a. 均相的,均匀的,同质的HTU = height of a transferunit传质单元高度* humidification n. 增湿作用,湿润* humidity n. 湿度,湿气,水分含量humidifier n. 增湿器,湿润器* hydrate n. 水合物v. (使)水合,(使)成水合物hydration n. 水合作用hydride n. 氢化物hydraulics n. 水力学;液压系统* hydrocarbon n. 烃,碳氢化合物* hydrochloric acid 盐酸* hydrocracking n. 加氢裂化, 氢化裂解hydrodesulfurization n. 加氢脱硫过程* hydrodynamics n. 流体动力学hydrofluoric acid n. 氢氟酸hydrogen embrittlement(钢的)氢脆* hydrogen n. 氢H* hydrogenation n. 加氢(作用)hydrolysate n. 水解产物* hydrolysis n. 水解(作用),加水分解hydroprocess n. 加氢过程* hydrostatics n. 流体静力学hydrostatic head 静水压头* hydroxide n. 氢氧化物* hydroxy(l) n. 羟基hyperoxide n. 过氧化物hypochlorite n. 次氯酸盐* hypothesis n. (pl. hypotheses) 假定,假说,前提hypothetical a. 假定[设,说]的,有前提的-ic anhydride 酸酐immerse vt. 浸(入,没),沉入;专心,埋头于,投入* immiscible a. 不混溶的,不互溶的* immobile phase 固定相immobile a. 固定的,稳定的,静置的impenetrate v. 渗透,贯通,深入* impermeable a. 不能透过的,不可渗透的,不透水的impingement n. (气体等的)撞击;水捶implement vt.实现,完成,履行impregnate v. 浸渍,注入,灌注 a. 浸透的,饱和的* impurity n. 杂质,夹杂物,污染物;不纯,污染in situ 就地,原地,在现场incentive a. 刺激的,鼓励的n. 刺激,诱因* incompressible a. 不可压缩性incondensable gas 不凝性气体incorporate v. 使结合,使合并;引入;体现induced draft fan 引风机inductive a. 引入的,导论的,诱导的* inert a. 惰性的,不活泼的;惯性的infinitesimal a. 无穷小的;细微末节的inflation n. 膨胀;通货膨胀* infrared a. 红外线的,红外区的* ingitability n. 可燃性,着火性* ingredient n.(混合物的)成分,组分,配料inherent a.固有的,生来的,内在的inhibit vi. 有禁止力,起抑制作用vt. 禁止;抑制,约束* inhibitor n. 抑制剂,抗氧化剂injection-moulding塑料注塑成型, 注模innovation n.创新,改革;新方法,新事物* inorganic a. 无机的,无机物的insecticide n. 杀虫剂,农药instrumental a. 有帮助的,起作用的;仪器的* insulation n. 绝缘,绝热;孤立,隔离* integrate vt. 使一体化,使结合;[数]求···的积分integrity n. 完整,完全,完善interfacial a. 界面的,面际的,层间的intermediate distillate中间馏分interplay n.;vi. 相互作用[影响],相互关系intrinsic a.内在的,固有的;本质的inventory n.库存量;(商品、物资等)清单invoice n. 发票,发货单,装货清单iodide n. 碘化物iodine n. 碘I* ion n. 离子ionize v. 使电离,离子化,游离(化)* irreversible process不可逆过程irrotational a. 无旋的,不旋转的i so- (相)等,(相)同的;(同分)异构isobaric a. 等压的isomerism n. 同分异构(现象)* isomerization n. 异构化(作用)isotherm n. 等温线* isothermal a.;n. 等温(的),等温线(的)isotope n. 同位素isotropic a. 各向同性的,均质的* jacket n. (汽、水)套,夹套kerosene n. 煤油,火油ketone n. (甲)酮kilocalorie n. 千(大)卡kilowatt n. 千瓦(特)* kinematics n. 运动学* kinetics n. 动力学* laminar a. 层流的,层状的laminate n. 层压制品[材料、塑料、板],a. 层状的,v. 层压,分层lanthanum n. 镧La* latent heat 潜热lateral a. 横向的,水平的lattice n. 晶格,点阵,格(栅,子,状)* leaching n. 浸取,浸提lead n. 铅Pbleaf filter 叶滤机leeway n. 余地,可允许的误差;落后legislation n.法规,立法liability n. 责任,义务ligarine n. 石油醚linear a. (直)线的,直线型的;线性的,线性化的* liquefaction n. 液化(作用)liquid-sealed a. 液封的lixiviate vt. 浸提[析,出],溶滤loop reactor 环路反应器lot n.(商品的)一批;批量;份额low-boiler n. 低沸化合物LPG = liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气lubricate vt. 使润滑* lubricating oil 润滑油macro- 宏(观),大(量),常量macromolecule n. 大分子,高分子macroscale n. 宏观尺度[刻度,标度]* macroscopic a. 宏观的;肉眼可见的magnesium n. 镁Mg* magnification n. 放大(倍数),倍率* magnitude n. (数)量级;大小mainstream n. 干流,主流;主要倾向manganese n. 锰Mnmanifold n. 总管,集气管,导管manipulate v. 操作,控制,运算manway n. 人孔mass separating agent质量分离剂mass spectrometry 质谱matrix n. 母体,基体,本体;[数]矩阵maturity n. 老化,陈化;成熟* maximize v. 使达到最大,使极大,极限化* mechanics n. 力学,机械学* mechanism n. 机理,机制,历程* membrane n. 膜,薄膜,隔板mercury n. 汞, 水银Hgmesh n. (筛)目[号],网(格,目)meso- 中(间,等,央),中等的;内消旋;介,新mesoscale n. 中间尺度[刻度,标度]meta-,m- 间(位)(有机系统名用);偏(无机酸用)metabolism n. (新陈)代谢(作用)metallurgy n. 冶金学,冶金术* metathesis n. 复分解(作用),置换(作用) methanation n. 甲烷化作用* methane n. 甲烷,沼气* methanol n. 甲醇* methyl n. 甲基micro- 微(量,型,观);显微;百万分之一microbe n. 微生物,细菌microelectronics n. 微电子学,微电子技术* microfiltration n. 微孔过滤micron n. 微米,10-6米;百万分之一microscale n. 微(观)尺度[刻度,标度] * microscopic a. 微观的,微小的;显微镜的* migrate v. 迁移,移动,流动mild steel 低碳钢,软钢mineral acid 无机酸* miscible a. 可互溶的,能溶合的mixed-phase reactor多相反应器* mixer-setller 混合澄清器* mobile phase 流动相* mockup n. 冷模,(1:1)的模型,同实物等大的研究用模型* modulus n. 模(数,量),系数,指数molybdenum n. 钼Mo* momentum n. 动量,冲量mono- 一,单一,单一的* monomer n. 单体,单聚物multiple effect evaporator多效蒸发器multiple-feed 多口进料multiply v. (使)增殖* multitude n.大批,大群,大量,众多* naphtha n. 石脑油,粗汽油,(粗)挥发油naphthalene n. 萘* naphthene n. 环烷烃* negligible a. 可忽略的,不计的,很小的* neutron n. 中子nickel n. 镍Ni* nitrogen n. 氮N* nitrate n. 硝酸盐[根,酯]nitration n. 硝化(作用),渗氮(法)* nitric acid n. 硝酸-nitrile 腈nitro- 硝基nitrogenous a. 含氮的* nomenclature n. 术语,命名(法),名称,(某一学科的)术语表nona- 九,壬nonane n. 壬烷* non-condensable gas不凝性气体* nonyl n. 壬基* nozzle n. 喷嘴nucleic acid 核酸* numerical a. 数(量,字,值)的,用数字表示的nutrient a. 营养的n. 营养基,营养素nylon n. 酰胺纤维,尼龙,耐纶obliterate vt. 除去,删去,消除octa- 八;辛octane rating 辛烷值octane n. (正)辛烷,辛烷值*octyl n. 辛基* offgas n.废气,气态废物* offset n. vt. 补偿,弥补,抵销off-the-shelf a. 成品的,现成的-oic acid 酸-ol 醇* olefin n.(链)烯(烃),烯族烃oleum n. 发烟硫酸-one 酮* one-pass 单程,非循环过程on-line 联机,在线,机内on-site a. (在)现场的,就地的opaque a. 不透明的;不传导的;无光泽的* operability n. (可)操作性[度]* optimize v.(使)最优[佳]化,优选* optimum a.;n. 最佳(的,点,值),最优(的,值)ordered packing 整砌填料,规整填料organofluorine compound n. 有机氟化合物* orifice n. 孔板;锐孔orth-,o- 邻位,正,原* osmosis n. 渗透(性,作用)* overflow v.溢出,溢流overhead n. 企业一般管理费;塔顶馏出物* overlap n.重迭(部分)* oxidation n. 氧化[反应,作用]* oxide n. 氧化物oxidize vt. 使氧化oxo- 氧代* oxygen n. 氧Oozonation n. 臭氧化作用* ozone n. 臭氧* packed tower 填充塔,填料塔palladium n. 钯Pdpara-,p- (位次)对位;仲;副* paraffin n. 链烷(属)烃,石蜡* parameter n. 参数,系数particulate a. 颗粒的,微粒的n.颗粒,微粒,粒子* patent n. 专利,专利权vt. 取得···的专利权pelletize v. 造粒,做成丸[球, 片]状penta- 五,戊pentane n. (正)戊烷* pentyl n. 戊基perforate v. 打孔,穿孔peripheral a.周边的,周围的,边缘的* peroxide n. 过氧化物* pesticide n.农药,杀虫剂* petrochemical a. 石油化学的n. 石油化学制品pharmaceutical n. 药物[品, 剂] a. 医药的,制药的,药物的phenol n. (苯)酚,石碳酸phenol-formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂* phenyl n. 苯基* phosphate n. 磷酸盐[酯],磷肥* phosphoric acid n. 磷酸* phosphorus n. 磷P,磷光体;启明星,金星photosynthesis n. 光合作用physical vapor deposition物理气相淀积pigment n. 颜料,色料;色素* pilot-plant n.中间(试验性)工厂,试验生产装置plasticizer n. 增塑剂plate and frame press板框式压滤机* plate tower 板式塔platinum n. 铂Pt, 白金* plug flow 活塞流, 平推流plutonium n. 钚Pupneumatic a. 气力的,气动的polarography n. 极谱法* poly vinyl chloride聚氯乙烯poly- 多,聚,重,复polyester n. 聚酯* polyethylene n. 聚乙烯* polymer n. 聚合物[体],高[多]聚物polymerization n. 聚合(反应,作用)polypropylene n. 聚丙烯polysaccharide n. 多糖polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene n. 聚四氟乙烯polythene n. 聚乙烯(=polyethylene) pore n. 细[毛,微,气]孔,孔隙* porous a. 多孔的,疏松的;能渗透的potassium n. 钾Kpotential flow 势流* potential n. 势(能),位(能),电势(位,压)pottery n. 陶器* precipitate n. 沉淀物,沉积物v. 使沉淀(出),析出precursor n. 产物母体, 前身, 先驱predominate vi. 占优势,居支配地位prefractionator n. 初步分馏塔premium n. 额外费用;奖励,奖金preparative chromatography制备色谱法* pressure drop 压降probe v. 试探,探测;(用探针,探测器)探查propagation n. 增长, 繁殖, 传播, 波及propane n. 丙烷propanol n. 丙醇propeller n. 螺旋桨,推进器propene n. 丙烯* proprietary a. 专利的,专有的,有专利权的n. 所有权,业主* propyl n. 丙基propylene n. 丙烯* protein n. 蛋白质,朊protocol n. (条约等的)草案,会谈备忘录,(外交)协定书* proton n. 质子protonate v. 使质子化pulsed column 脉冲塔pulverize vt. 使成粉末,研磨,粉碎* purge gas 吹扫气体* purification n. 净化,提纯purity n.纯度,品位;纯净,洁净;纯化PVC = poly vinyl chloride n. 聚氯乙烯* pyrolysis n. 热解(作用),高温分解pyrolyze vt. 热(分)解* qualitative a. 定性的;质的,质量的;性质上的qualitatively ad. 定性地* quantitative a. 定量的;数量的quantitatively ad. 定量地* quantum n. 量子quartz n. 石英,水晶* quench v.; n. 急冷,淬冷* radial a. 径向的,(沿)半径的radiator n. 辐射体,散热器,暖气装置* radical n. 基,原子团;根部;根式radium n. 镭Ra* raffinate n. 萃余液* random a. 随机的,无规则的,偶然的rate v. (对...)评价,估计,估价,计算* reactant n.反应物reaction injection moulding反应注射成型reactive a. 反应性的,活性的;反应的* reactivity n. 反应性,反应活性;反应* reactor n.反应器,反应堆* reagent n. 试剂,反应物* reboiler n. 再沸器rectangular a. 矩形的,长方形的rectifier n. 精馏器[塔];整流器rectify vt. 精馏,精炼,蒸馏rectifying section 精馏段* redox = reduction-oxidation n. 氧化还原(作用)redox petential 氧化还原电势* reduce v.(使)还原;减少* reduction n. 还原* refinery n. 炼油厂,提炼厂* reflux n. 回流,倒流reformate n. (汽油)重整产品* reforming n. 重整;转化refract v. 折射* refractory a. 难熔的,耐火的n. 耐火材料* refrigerant n.致冷剂,冷冻剂* regeneration n.再生,更新,新生regress vi. ;n. 回归* relative volatility相对挥发度(性)relevance n. 关联,关系;适当,贴切,中肯render v. 使得,使变为;提炼,提取* repel v.排斥,推开,击退,弹回replicate vt. 复制* reproducibility n. 再生性, 还原性,重复性* residence time 停留时间* residue n. 残余物,残渣,剩余物* resin n. 树脂vt. 用树脂处理retardation time 保留时间retort n. 蒸馏釜, 甑retrieval n. (数据,信息)检索* reverse osmosis 反渗透* reversible a. 可逆的,双向的revise vt. 修正,修改,校正revolve v. (使)绕[旋]转;循环;思索,反复思考rinse vt.;n. 漂洗,淋洗,清洗* riser n. 立(式)管(道),升气管rising film evaporator升膜式蒸发器rotary dryer旋转干燥器round-the-clock 连续一整天(或一昼夜)run-off n. 流出,流泻,径流;流量* rupture disk 安全(隔)膜rupture n.;v.破裂,断裂,破损saccharide n. 糖类,糖化物saponification n. 皂化(作用)* saturate v.使饱和;浸透 a.饱和的* scalar n. 标量,纯量* scale-up n.(按比例)放大,增加,升高schematically ad. 用示意图,用图解法,示意地,大略地* screen v. 筛分,筛选;屏蔽,隐藏scrub v. 气体洗涤,涤气,洗涤,清洗secondary reformer二段(次)转化炉(器)secondary,sec- 仲[指CH3···CH(CH3)-型支链烃,或指二元胺及R2CHOH型的醇]sediment n. 沉积物;沉积,沉淀* sedimentation n. 沉积,沉淀,沉降,淀积segment n. 部分;切片segregation n. 分离,分凝,分开* selectivity n. 选择性,选择seminar n.研究班,(专家)研讨班,讨论会semipermeable a. 半渗透性的semi-technical n. 半工业化的* sensible heat n. 显热sensing device 传感装置[器],遥感装置* sensitivity n. 灵敏性,灵敏度sensor n. 传感器,探测器serviceability n. 使用中的可靠性,耐用性* settling n. 沉降,沉淀sewage n. 污水,下水道(系统)shaft n. (传动,旋转)轴* shear stress 剪应力* shell and tube heat exchanger管壳式换热器,列管式换热器shift reaction 变换反应,转移反应* shortcut n. 近路,捷径v. 简化* shutdown n. 停工,停车,停止运转side-rectifier 侧线(馏分)精馏塔sidestream n. 侧线馏分,塔侧抽出物side-stripper 侧线(馏分)汽提塔* sieve plate 筛板(塔)sieve n. 筛,筛子;滤网vt.筛分,过筛,过滤silica n. 二氧化硅,硅石* silica-gel (氧化)硅胶silicate n. 硅酸盐[酯]silicon n. 硅Sisilver n. 银Ag* similarity n. 相似性,类似,相象* simulate vt. 模拟,仿真,模型化,模型试验simultaneously ad. 同时地;同时发生地single effect evaporator单效蒸发器size vt. 依一定尺寸制造,定尺寸,估计大小sketch n.示意图,简图,设计图sludge n. 淤泥,泥状沉积物;淤渣* slurry n. 稀浆,淤浆;悬浮液[体] soak up 吸收soda n.苏打,纯碱,碳酸钠;碳酸氢钠,小苏打soda-ash n. 纯碱,无水碳酸钠,苏打灰sodium dichromate n. 重铬酸钾* sodium n. 钠Nasoftware n. 软件,程序,程序计算方法;设计计算方法* solubility product 溶度积* solubility n. 溶解度,溶解性* solute n. 溶质,溶解物solution polymerization溶液聚合solvability n. 溶解[溶剂化]能力,可溶解性* solvent n.溶剂,溶媒sorbent n. 吸附剂,吸收剂* spare part n. 备件speciality n. 特制品,特殊产品;专门化,专业(化)* specification n.说明书;(pl.)(尺寸)规格,技术要求;明细表spectroscopic a. 用分光镜的,光谱(学)的* spectroscopy n. 光谱学* spectrum n.(光,波,能,质)谱,频谱;范围,领域spin off n. 伴随[附带] 的结果,有用的副产品spiral a. 螺旋(形)的,螺线的splitting n. 分解,分裂,蜕变* spontaneous a. 自发的,自然的spray dryer 喷雾干燥器stack gas 烟道气stagnant a. 滞流的,停滞的* stainless a.不锈的;纯洁的* standby a. 备用的,后备的n. 备用设备starch n. 淀粉,浆(糊)* startup n. 开动,运转* stationary phase 固定相stationary a. 静止的,固定的,不变的stearic acid 硬脂酸,十八(碳)(烷)酸* stereochemical a. 立体化学的sterile a. 无菌的,消过毒的sterilization n. 消毒,灭菌stiffness n. 刚性[度], 韧性* still n. 蒸馏釜,蒸馏stimulus n. 刺激,促进因素stirred tank reactor搅拌釜式反应器* stoichiometry n. 化学计算,化学计量,理想配比法straight run gasoline直馏汽油stripper n. 汽提塔, 解吸塔* stripping section 提馏段stripping n.汽提,解吸,洗提structured packing 结构填料* styrene n. 苯乙烯* subject-matter 主题,题材,要点,内容* sublimate v. 升华substrate n. 培养基,被酶作用物,基质sucrose n. 蔗糖,砂糖* suction n. 抽吸suffice vi. 足够,有能力vt. 满足(···的需要)* sulfate n. 硫酸盐[酯]* sulfide n. 硫化物sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐[酯]sulfo- 磺基* sulphate n. 硫酸盐[酯]sulphite n. 亚硫酸盐(酯)sulphonate n. 磺酸盐,磺化vt. 使磺化* sulphur n. 硫S, 硫磺* sulphuric acid 硫酸supercritical gas extraction超临界气体萃取* supercritical a. 超临界的* supersaturation n. 过饱和现象supervision n.监督,管理* surface-active agent 表面活性剂surfactant n. 表面活性剂suspension polymerization悬浮聚合* sustainable a. 可持续的,能支撑住的symposium n. 专题讨论会;论文集* syngas n. 合成气tailor-made a. 特制的,专用的,定做的;合适的,恰到好处的tangentially ad. 成切线teamwork n. 协力,协作,配合,协同作战teflon n.(商品名)特氟隆,聚四氟乙烯* tension n. 张力,弹力* terminology n.术语,专门用语tert- 叔tetra- 四,丁tetra-alkyl lead 四烷基铅the lion’s share较大部分,最大部分thermal tubular reactor热管反应器* thermal a. 热(量,力)的,温的thermochemical a 热化学的thermocouple n. 热电偶* thermodynamics n. 热力学* thermoplastic n. 热塑性塑料 a. 热塑性的* thermoset n. 热固性 a. 热固性的thio- 硫代thorium n. 钍Ththoroughness n. 彻底性,充分性,完全性* throughput n.生产量,生产率,生产能力tin n. 锡Sntitanium n. 钛Ti* titrate v. 滴定n. 被滴定液TM =trademark n.商标* toluene n. 甲苯* toxic a. (有)毒的,毒性的n. 毒药[物,剂]toxicity n. 毒性,毒力trade-off n. (对不能同时兼顾的因素的)权衡,比较评定,放弃trans- 反式;超,过* transition n. 过渡(段),转变,变化* transparent a. 透明的,半透明的,某种辐射线可以透过的tri- 三(重,倍,回)trickle bed reactor滴流床反应器tube sheet 管板tubular fixed-bed reaction管式固定床反应器* tubular reactor 管式反应器* tubular a. 管的,管式的,由管构成的tungsten n. 钨Wturbine n. 透平(机),叶轮机,汽轮机,涡轮(机)* turbulent a. 湍流的,紊流的;扰动的* turn-down ratio 极限负荷比,操作弹性* ultimated load 最大载荷ultracentrifuge n. 超速离心机* ultrafiltration n. 超滤(作用)ultra-red a. 红外的* ultraviolet a. 紫外的,紫外线的n. 紫外线unaccepted product 不合格(产)品* unbound electron 自由电子* underlie v. 构成[作为]···的基础;位于···的下面* unit operation 单元操作unlagged a. 未保温的,未隔热的;未绝缘的,* unsaturated a. 不饱和的update v. 适时修正,不断改进,使···适合新的要求uptake n. 吸收;领会,理解uranium n. 铀U* urea n. 尿素,脲valcanize n. 硫化,硬化* valence n.(化合)价,(原子)价validity n. 有效,合法性;正确,确实valve plate 浮阀塔(板)* valve n.阀,活门vanadium n. 钒V* vaporize vt.(使)汽化,(使)蒸发* vector n. 矢量,向量* ventilate vt. 通风,排气,开气孔,装以通风设备* venturi n. 文氏管verification n. 检验,验证* versatile a. 通用的,万能的;活动的,万向的via prep. [拉丁语] 经(过),viable a. 可行的,可用的;有生命力的,富有生命的* vinyl n. 乙烯基,乙烯树脂* viscosity n. 粘度,粘性* viscous a. 粘(性,滞,稠)的,* void fraction 空隙率void n. 空隙,空隙率* volatile a. 易挥发的,挥发性的* volatility n. 挥发度,挥发性vortex n. 旋涡;涡流(面),涡旋(体)vulcanization n. 硫化,硬化* weir n. 堰,溢流堰whizzer n. 离心机wiped-film evaporator刮膜式蒸发器xylene n. 二甲苯yeast n. 酵母-yl 基-yne 炔zeolite n. 沸石zinc n. 锌Zn。
高分子材料与工程专业英语翻译
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
【精品】高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译(可编辑
高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译------------------------------------------作者------------------------------------------日期专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴 activation 活化(作用)addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物 aggravate 加重,恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药,化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂 align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化(作用) amino 氨基,氨基的 amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的 anionic 阴(负)离子的 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香(族)的 arrangement (空间)排布,排列 atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力,吸引 backbone 主链,骨干 behavior 性能,行为 biological 生物(学)的 biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能 boundary 界限,范围 brittle 脆的,易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂,触媒 categorization 分类(法) category 种类,类型 cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳(正)离子的 centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯(气) coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始,着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductive material 导电材料 conformation 构象 consistency 稠度,粘稠度 contaminant 污物 contour 外形,轮廓controlled release 控制释放 controversy 争论,争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物 copolymerization 共聚(合) corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂 countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体,结晶 crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度 crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性,变形能力 deformation 形变 deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度 dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度depolymerization 解聚 deposit 堆积物,沉积 depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水diacid 二(元)酸 diamine 二(元)胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性 dimer 二聚物(体) diol 二(元)醇 diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解,分散,分离 dislocation 错位,位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形,扭曲 double bond 双键dough (生)面团,揉好的面 drug 药品,药物elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除,打开,除去 elongation 伸长率,延伸率 entanglement 缠结,纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化(作用) evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑,碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃(态)的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒 growing chain 生长链,活性链 gyration 旋转,回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢(气) hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的 ideal 理想的,概念的 imagine 想象,推测imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进,改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation (链)引发 initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射,辐射 irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射 line 衬里,贴面 liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子,高分子 matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的,中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值,最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动,流动 model 模型 modify 改性molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态(学) moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂(带)的 olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸pattern 花纹,图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能,特征 permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气,碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩(合)聚(合) polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化(作用) polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物 polymeric 聚合(物)的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性,孔隙率 positive 正的,阳(性)的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工,成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物,试剂reactive 反应性的,活性的 reactivity 反应性,活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除,松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子,筛分 seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降(法) segment 链段 segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀,澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时,同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的 strength 强度stretch 拉直,拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代,代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的tacky (表面)发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮,槽车tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate (链)终止tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构,组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩transfer (链)转移,(热)传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物(体)triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离) ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化,改变 vinyl 乙烯基(的) vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
化学工程与工艺 专业英语词表(华东理工)0204192325
专业英语词表(2002.11.修订)(加注* 者为专业英语学位考试中词汇英译汉和汉译英的考试范围。
)* abrasion n. 磨损,磨蚀,剥蚀* absorption n.吸收(作用)abundance n. 丰度;丰富;(大,分布,数)量* accessory n. (pl.) 辅助设备[装置],附件 a. 附属的,辅助的accidenetal error 偶然[随机]误差* accuracy n. 准确性[度]* acetate n. 醋酸盐[酯],乙酸盐[酯,根];醋酸纤维素* acetic acid 醋酸acetyl n. 乙酰基* acetylene n. 乙炔actinium n. 锕Acactivated carbon 活性炭* activity n. 活度;活动性* additive n. 添加剂,加成剂 a. 附加的,加成的adhesive n. 胶粘剂,粘结剂* adiabatic a. 绝热的admix v. 掺[混]合* adsorbent n. 吸附剂,吸附物质adsorber n. 吸附器* adsorption n.吸附(作用)* aerate vt. 充气,鼓气,通风,鼓风aer(o)- 空气;气体aerobic a. 好氧的,需氧的,有氧的* affinity n. 亲和力,亲和势,化合力agglomeration n. 附聚,凝聚,* agitator n. 搅拌器,搅拌装置airtightness n. 气密性,密封性-al 醛* alcohol n.(乙)醇,酒精-aldehyde 醛algebraic a. 代数(学)的algorithm n. 算术,算法* aliphatic a. 脂肪族的,无环的alkali n. 碱(性,质),强碱* alkaline n. 碱性 a.强碱的* alkane n. 烷(属)烃,(链)烷* alkene n. 烃烯* alkyl n. 烷基,烃基* alkylation n. 烷基化,烷基取代* alkyne n. 炔(属)烃* aluminum n. =aluminium铝Al amalgamation n. 合并,混合;汞合,汞齐作用-amide 酰胺-amine 胺amine n. 胺amino- 氨基* ammonia n. 氨(水)* ammonium n. 铵(基)* amorphous a. 无定形的, 非晶体的* analogy n. 类似,相似(性),类推anatomy n.解剖,分解;构造,组织-ane 烷angular a. 角的,角度的,有角的* anhydrous a. 无水的* anionic a. 阴[负]离子的anisotropic a. 各相异性的,非均质的* anode n. 阳极,正极antibiotic n. 抗生[菌]素,抗生素学a. 抗菌的antiknock a. 抗爆的,防爆的,抗震的antimony n. 锑Sb* antioxidant n. 抗氧化剂,防老化剂* aqueous a. (含,多,似)水的,水成[化,样,多]的argon n. 氩Ar* aromatic a. 芳香(族)的,芳(香)烃的aromatization n. 芳构化* array n. 序,列,组;族,系,类artificial intelligence人工智能* aryl n. 芳基asphalt n. 沥青,柏油-ate 用于由词尾为-ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类的名称atomize vt. 使雾化,喷雾attainment n. 开工率attrition n. 磨损,研磨naught n. 无(价值),零authenticity n. 可靠性,真实性autoclave n. 压煮器, 高压釜* azeotrope n. 恒沸物,共沸混合物backbone n. 构架, 骨干, 主要成分* back-mixing 返混bacteria n. (bacterium的复数)细菌* baffle n. 挡板;折流板;缓冲板bank n. 一排,排,列,群barium n. 钡Ba* base n. 碱* batch a.间歇的,分批的bench n. 实验台,装置* benzene n. 苯bi- 二,两个,双bifunctional a. 双官能团的binary a.;n. 二,二元的biochemical a. 生物化学的biodegradable a. 可生物降解的bismuth n. 铋Bibitumen n. 沥青bleaching n. 漂白 a. 漂白的boiler n. 锅炉boiling point 沸点bombardment n. 照射,辐照;轰击,打击* bond n.;v.(化学)键,键合borate n. 硼酸盐[酯]boric acid 硼酸boron n. 硼Bbottom n. (pl.) 底部沉积物,残留物,残渣* boundary layer边界层brine n.盐水,卤水,海水bromide n. 硼化物* bromine n. 溴Btu = British thermal unit 英热量单位(=252卡)bubble column 鼓泡塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔budget n. 预算* buffer n.; vt. 缓冲,缓冲剂* bulk density 堆积密度bulk polymerization本体聚合bulk a. 散装的;大块的* bump v. 扰动,暴沸;冲击,造成凹凸* buoyancy n. 浮力,浮性buoyant a. 有浮力的,能浮的,易浮的butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n. 丁烷butene n. 丁烯* butyl n. 丁基cadmium n. 镉Cdcalandria n. 排管式,加热管群calcine v.; n. 煅烧,烧成(灰)* calcium n. 钙Ca* calorific value 热值,发热量* capillary n.; a. 毛细作用(的),毛细管(的)capital-intensive a. 资本密集的,资本集约的capsule n. 胶囊;(密封)(座)舱carbide n. 碳化物;碳化钙* carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物,糖carbon black 炭黑* carbon n. 碳C* carbonate n. 碳酸盐,碳酸脂vt. 碳化,使化合成碳酸盐(酯);充碳酸气于carbonization n. 焦化,碳化处理,渗碳* carbonyl n. 羧基carbonylation n. 羧化作用* carboxyl n. 羰基* carrier n. 载体* cascade v.;n. 级联,串级;梯流,阶流式布置catalysis n. 催化(作用,反应)* catalyst n. 催化剂catalytic a. 催化的category n. 种类,类型,范畴* cathode n. 阴极,负极cationic a. 阳[正]离子的* caustic a. 苛性的n. 苛性物,氢氧化物cellular a. 多孔的,细胞的,由细胞组成的cellulose n. 纤维素,细胞膜质 a. 细胞的central downtake 中央降液管centrifugal a. 离心力的,利用离心力的* centrifuge n.;v. 离心;离心机,离心器ceramic a. 陶器的,陶瓷的,制陶的certitude n. 确实,必然性acetone n. 丙酮CFC = chlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃char n. 炭,木炭* chelation n. 螯合作用chemical vapor deposition化学气相淀积chlor(o)- 氯(化)* chloralkali n.氯碱chlorate n. 氯酸盐* chloride n. 氯化物,漂白剂* chlorine n.氯(气)Clchlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃(CFC)chromate n. 铬酸盐* chromatography n. 色谱(法,学),色层法* chromium n. 铬Crcis- 顺式clone n. 克隆,无性繁殖系* coagulation n. 凝结[聚, 固];胶凝, 絮凝coal carbonization 煤干馏coal-tar 煤焦油coarse a. 粗的,大的* cobalt n. 钴Cococatalyst n. 助(辅)催化剂* cocurrent n. 并流* coefficient n. 系数coke n. 焦炭,焦vt. 炼焦,焦化colloid n. 胶体,胶粒 a. 胶状的,胶体的* combustion n. 燃烧commence v. 开始,开始(做),开工comminute vt. 粉碎,磨碎,分割commission v. 交工试运转,投产commodity n. 日用品,商品compactness n. 致密(性),密集(性),紧凑compatibility n. 兼容性,相容性,适应性complement n. 补充,互补,补充物;配套* composite n. 复合材料, 合成[复合, 组合]物* composition n. 组成,成分,结构concrete n. 混凝土 a. 混凝土的condensate n. 冷凝物,冷凝液v. 冷凝,凝结* condenser n. 冷凝器* conduction n. 传导(性,率,系数),导热[电](性,率,系数)* conductivity n. 传导率,导热系数conduit n. 导管,输送管,(大)管道* configuration n. 构造,结构;外形,轮廓confluence n. 合流(点),汇合(处);集合,聚集conical a. (圆)锥形的* conserve vt.守恒;节省;保存* consistence n. 一致性;稠度* constituent n. 组成,组分,成分constraint n. 限制,制约,约束constriction n. 收缩[敛];缩紧* contaminate vt. 污染,弄脏,毒害* continuum n. 连续介质;连续(统一体);连续光谱* convection n. (热,电)对流,迁移converge v. 会聚,汇合,[数]收敛* coordinate n. 坐标;配位 a. 坐标的,配位的v. 配合,配位coordination n. 配位, 配合copolymer n.共聚物* correlation n. 相关(性),(相互,对比)关系* corrosion n. 腐蚀,锈蚀* counter current 逆流counterpart n. 对应物,配对物,对方;一对东西中之一,副本covalent a. 共价的* cracking n. 裂化,裂解* criterion n. (pl.) criteria判据,准则,判断标准* critical velocity 临界速度* cross section (横)截面,剖面,断面* cross-current n. 错流,正交流cross-flow 错流,交叉流动,横向流动cross-link v. (聚合物)交联,横向耦合* cryogenic a. 冷冻的,深冷的,低温的* crystal n. 结晶,晶体,晶粒;水晶石英crystalline a. 结晶的,结晶状的;水晶的* crystallization n. 结晶(作用,过程)CSTR =continuously stirred tankreactor 连续搅拌釜反应器culture n.;vt. (人工,细菌)培养[繁殖],栽培;文化[明]cure v. 塑化,固化,硫化,硬化;处理curriculum n.(一门,全部)课程* cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cyclohexane n. 环已烷* cyclone n. 旋风分离器,旋流器deactivate vt. 减活,去活化,钝化debit vt.;n. (记入)借方deca- 十,癸decane n. 癸烷decantation n. 倾析(法),倾滤,滗析* decline v.;n. 下降,减少,倾斜,衰落* decomposition n. 分解, 离解* degradation n. 降解,退化,衰变,降级degree of freedom 自由度degree of polymerization聚合度* dehydrate v.; n. 脱水,干燥dehydrogenation n. 脱氢(作用)*dense-phase 密相*density n. 密度;稠密(性,度)deoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸deplete vt. 放空,耗尽,使枯竭;贫化,减少* derivative n. 衍生物;导数desalt vt. 脱盐* desulphurisation n. 脱硫,除硫detergent n.洗涤剂,去污剂deterioation n. 退化,变质,降低(品质)di- 二,重,双* diagnose v. 判断,诊断;确定,分析,识别,断定(···的原因)* dialysis n. 渗析,渗透diamond n. 金刚石,钻石* diaphragm n. 隔膜,隔板diesel oil 柴油diesel n. 内燃机,柴油机* differential a.; n. 微分(的),差分(的);(有)差别(的)differentiate v. 区分,区别;求微分,求导数* diffuse v. 扩散,散布* dilute a. 稀(薄,释)的,淡的v.稀释,冲淡*dilute-phase 稀相dimensionless a. 无因次的,无量纲的* dimentional a. ···维的;因次的;维数的;尺寸的* diminish v. 减少,递减,削弱,由大变小dipole n. 偶极(子)* discrete a. 离散的,不连续的,独立的,个别的dispatch vt.(迅速地)发送,派遣;迅速办理,了结* dispersion n. 分散(体系,作用);扩散(现象)dissipate v. 使耗散,消除,消耗dissolution n. 溶解,溶化* dissolve v.;n. 使溶解,溶化* distil(l) vt. 蒸馏,用蒸馏法提取;提取···的精华distillate n. 馏出物,馏出液;精华* distillation n. 蒸馏(作用),馏份* down time 停车时间,故障期downcomer n. 降液管* drag n. 阻力,曳力* droplet n. 液滴,微滴,小滴duct n. (导,输送)管,(管,渠,地,风,烟)道,槽* dumped packing 乱堆填料dyestuff n. 染料,颜料,着色剂dynamic a. 动力(学)的,动态的* dynamics n. (动)力学,动态(特性)earth vt. 接地,通地ebullating bed 沸腾床* ecosystem n. 生态系(统)* eddy n. 漩涡,涡流* effluent a.; n 流出(的,物),废水及废气elastomer n. 合成橡胶,人造橡胶;弹性体,高弹体electrochemical a. 电化学的* electrode n. 电极* electrodialysis n. 电渗析electrolyse vt. 电解(= electrolyze)* electrolysis n. 电解(法,作用),电分析electrostatic a. 静电的* eluent n. 洗脱液,洗脱剂* elution n. 洗提,洗出* emission-free a. 无排放的,零排放的emulsion polymerization乳液聚合* emulsion n. 乳胶,乳(化,状,(浊)液,乳剂encompass vt.包含,包括;完成;围绕encyclopedia n. 百科全书;某科全书* endothermic a. 吸热的end-product n. 最后产物,最终结果-ene 烯enhance vt.提高,增强* enrich v.使浓缩,增浓* enthalpy n. 焓,热函,(单位质量的)热含量* entrainment n. 挟带;雾沫夹带* entropy n. 熵envisage vt. 设想,预计,重视* enzyme n. 酶,酵素epoxy n. 环氧树脂equality n. 等式,相等* equilibrium stage 平衡级* equilibrium n. 平衡erosion n. 磨蚀,风化,腐蚀,侵蚀* ester n. 酯ethane n. 乙烷* ethanol n. 乙醇,酒精ethene n. 乙烯* ether n. 醚,乙醚;以太ethics n. 职业规矩,道德标准,伦理观* ethyl n. 乙基,乙烷基* ethylene n. 乙烯* evaporation n. 蒸发,挥发,汽化* exergy n. 有用能,火用* exothermic a. 放热的expenditure n.(时间、金钱等的)支出,花费,使用expert system 专家系统* explosive limit 爆炸极限exponent n. 指数,幂(数),阶externalize vt. 使客观化,使具体化,给···以外形* extract n. 萃取相,萃取液vt. 萃取,提炼* extraction n. 萃取,提炼;抽出物,提取物* fabricate vt. 制造,生产,制备;装配,安装,组合falling film evaporator降膜式蒸发器* feed n. 进料,加料;加工原料fermentation n. 发酵ferri- 铁ferro- 亚铁ferrous a. (亚,二价,含)铁的,铁类的ferrum n. 铁* fertilizer n. 肥料(尤指化学肥料)fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维filament n. (细)丝,(细)线;灯丝,游丝filled tower 填料塔filler n. 填料,填充物filter aid 助滤剂* filter n. (过)滤器[机,层,纸]v. 过滤filtrate v. 过滤,滤除n. 滤液* filtration n. 过滤* fine chemical 精细化学药品finishing n. 精加工,最终加工* finite a. 有限的,受限制的* fission n. 裂变* fixed bed 固定床* flammability n. 易燃性,可燃性,燃烧性flange n. 法兰flask n. 烧瓶,长颈瓶* flooding n. 液泛,溢流* flow sheet 工艺流程图,程序方框图* fluctuation n. 脉动,波动,起伏,增减flue n. 烟道,风道fluidization n. 流态化* fluidized bed 流化床fluo- 氟,荧光fluorescence n. 荧光* fluoride n. 氟化物* fluorine n. 氟Ffluoro- 氟代* flux n. 通量foam v. (使)起泡沫,变泡沫n. 泡沫forced circulation强制循环-form 仿formaldehyde n. 甲醛* formulate vt. 配方[制],按配方制造formulation n.配方,组成;公式化,列方程式* fossil fuel 化石燃料,石油* foul n. 污物[垢] v. 结垢,弄脏* fraction n. 馏份,分馏物;分数,部分fractional distillation 分馏(作用)fractionate vt. 使分馏,把···分成几部分free radical mechanism自由基机理free radical 自由基,游离基* freeze drying 冷冻干燥* friction n. 摩擦,摩擦力froth flotation 泡沫浮选* fugacity n. 逸度* functional group 官能团funnel n. 漏斗 a. 漏斗状的* fuse v. 熔融,熔化gallon n.加仑gas oil 粗柴油, 瓦斯油, 汽油* gasification n. 气化(法,作用)gasifier n. 气化炉gauge n. 表,计,规* gel n. 凝胶(体),冻胶gene n. 基因* generalization n. 归纳,概述,通则;普遍化,法则化genetics n. 遗传学glucose n. 葡萄糖;右旋糖glycerol n. 甘油,丙三醇gold n. 金Au* gradient n. 梯度,变化率,坡度granulate vt. 使成颗粒,使成粒状graphite n. 石墨gravitational fild 重力场*gravity settling 重力沉降greenhouse n. 温室,暖房* halogen n. 卤素hardware n. 硬件,硬设备,计算机H-bond n. 氢键* heat exchanger 热交换器helium n. 氦hepta- 七,庚heptane n. 庚烷* heptyl n. 庚基heteroatom n. 杂原子, 异质原子heterocyclic a. 杂环的* heterogeneous a. 多相的, 非均匀的HETP = height equivalent to a theoreticalplate等板高度,理论塔板的当量高度HETS = height equivalent to a theoreticalstage等板高度,理论塔板的当量高度hexa- 六,己hexane n. 己烷* hexyl n. 己基hierarchy n. 体系,系统;层次* holdup n. 滞留量,滞液量* homogeneous a. 均相的,均匀的,同质的HTU = height of a transferunit传质单元高度* humidification n. 增湿作用,湿润* humidity n. 湿度,湿气,水分含量humidifier n. 增湿器,湿润器* hydrate n. 水合物v. (使)水合,(使)成水合物hydration n. 水合作用hydride n. 氢化物hydraulics n. 水力学;液压系统* hydrocarbon n. 烃,碳氢化合物* hydrochloric acid 盐酸* hydrocracking n. 加氢裂化, 氢化裂解hydrodesulfurization n. 加氢脱硫过程* hydrodynamics n. 流体动力学hydrofluoric acid n. 氢氟酸hydrogen embrittlement(钢的)氢脆* hydrogen n. 氢H* hydrogenation n. 加氢(作用)hydrolysate n. 水解产物* hydrolysis n. 水解(作用),加水分解hydroprocess n. 加氢过程* hydrostatics n. 流体静力学hydrostatic head 静水压头* hydroxide n. 氢氧化物* hydroxy(l) n. 羟基hyperoxide n. 过氧化物hypochlorite n. 次氯酸盐* hypothesis n. (pl. hypotheses) 假定,假说,前提hypothetical a. 假定[设,说]的,有前提的-ic anhydride 酸酐immerse vt. 浸(入,没),沉入;专心,埋头于,投入* immiscible a. 不混溶的,不互溶的* immobile phase 固定相immobile a. 固定的,稳定的,静置的impenetrate v. 渗透,贯通,深入* impermeable a. 不能透过的,不可渗透的,不透水的impingement n. (气体等的)撞击;水捶implement vt.实现,完成,履行impregnate v. 浸渍,注入,灌注 a. 浸透的,饱和的* impurity n. 杂质,夹杂物,污染物;不纯,污染in situ 就地,原地,在现场incentive a. 刺激的,鼓励的n. 刺激,诱因* incompressible a. 不可压缩性incondensable gas 不凝性气体incorporate v. 使结合,使合并;引入;体现induced draft fan 引风机inductive a. 引入的,导论的,诱导的* inert a. 惰性的,不活泼的;惯性的infinitesimal a. 无穷小的;细微末节的inflation n. 膨胀;通货膨胀* infrared a. 红外线的,红外区的* ingitability n. 可燃性,着火性* ingredient n.(混合物的)成分,组分,配料inherent a.固有的,生来的,内在的inhibit vi. 有禁止力,起抑制作用vt. 禁止;抑制,约束* inhibitor n. 抑制剂,抗氧化剂injection-moulding塑料注塑成型, 注模innovation n.创新,改革;新方法,新事物* inorganic a. 无机的,无机物的insecticide n. 杀虫剂,农药instrumental a. 有帮助的,起作用的;仪器的* insulation n. 绝缘,绝热;孤立,隔离* integrate vt. 使一体化,使结合;[数]求···的积分integrity n. 完整,完全,完善interfacial a. 界面的,面际的,层间的intermediate distillate中间馏分interplay n.;vi. 相互作用[影响],相互关系intrinsic a.内在的,固有的;本质的inventory n.库存量;(商品、物资等)清单invoice n. 发票,发货单,装货清单iodide n. 碘化物iodine n. 碘I* ion n. 离子ionize v. 使电离,离子化,游离(化)* irreversible process不可逆过程irrotational a. 无旋的,不旋转的i so- (相)等,(相)同的;(同分)异构isobaric a. 等压的isomerism n. 同分异构(现象)* isomerization n. 异构化(作用)isotherm n. 等温线* isothermal a.;n. 等温(的),等温线(的)isotope n. 同位素isotropic a. 各向同性的,均质的* jacket n. (汽、水)套,夹套kerosene n. 煤油,火油ketone n. (甲)酮kilocalorie n. 千(大)卡kilowatt n. 千瓦(特)* kinematics n. 运动学* kinetics n. 动力学* laminar a. 层流的,层状的laminate n. 层压制品[材料、塑料、板],a. 层状的,v. 层压,分层lanthanum n. 镧La* latent heat 潜热lateral a. 横向的,水平的lattice n. 晶格,点阵,格(栅,子,状)* leaching n. 浸取,浸提lead n. 铅Pbleaf filter 叶滤机leeway n. 余地,可允许的误差;落后legislation n.法规,立法liability n. 责任,义务ligarine n. 石油醚linear a. (直)线的,直线型的;线性的,线性化的* liquefaction n. 液化(作用)liquid-sealed a. 液封的lixiviate vt. 浸提[析,出],溶滤loop reactor 环路反应器lot n.(商品的)一批;批量;份额low-boiler n. 低沸化合物LPG = liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气lubricate vt. 使润滑* lubricating oil 润滑油macro- 宏(观),大(量),常量macromolecule n. 大分子,高分子macroscale n. 宏观尺度[刻度,标度]* macroscopic a. 宏观的;肉眼可见的magnesium n. 镁Mg* magnification n. 放大(倍数),倍率* magnitude n. (数)量级;大小mainstream n. 干流,主流;主要倾向manganese n. 锰Mnmanifold n. 总管,集气管,导管manipulate v. 操作,控制,运算manway n. 人孔mass separating agent质量分离剂mass spectrometry 质谱matrix n. 母体,基体,本体;[数]矩阵maturity n. 老化,陈化;成熟* maximize v. 使达到最大,使极大,极限化* mechanics n. 力学,机械学* mechanism n. 机理,机制,历程* membrane n. 膜,薄膜,隔板mercury n. 汞, 水银Hgmesh n. (筛)目[号],网(格,目)meso- 中(间,等,央),中等的;内消旋;介,新mesoscale n. 中间尺度[刻度,标度]meta-,m- 间(位)(有机系统名用);偏(无机酸用)metabolism n. (新陈)代谢(作用)metallurgy n. 冶金学,冶金术* metathesis n. 复分解(作用),置换(作用) methanation n. 甲烷化作用* methane n. 甲烷,沼气* methanol n. 甲醇* methyl n. 甲基micro- 微(量,型,观);显微;百万分之一microbe n. 微生物,细菌microelectronics n. 微电子学,微电子技术* microfiltration n. 微孔过滤micron n. 微米,10-6米;百万分之一microscale n. 微(观)尺度[刻度,标度]* microscopic a. 微观的,微小的;显微镜的* migrate v. 迁移,移动,流动mild steel 低碳钢,软钢mineral acid 无机酸* miscible a. 可互溶的,能溶合的mixed-phase reactor多相反应器* mixer-setller 混合澄清器* mobile phase 流动相* mockup n. 冷模,(1:1)的模型,同实物等大的研究用模型* modulus n. 模(数,量),系数,指数molybdenum n. 钼Mo* momentum n. 动量,冲量mono- 一,单一,单一的* monomer n. 单体,单聚物multiple effect evaporator多效蒸发器multiple-feed 多口进料multiply v. (使)增殖* multitude n.大批,大群,大量,众多* naphtha n. 石脑油,粗汽油,(粗)挥发油naphthalene n. 萘* naphthene n. 环烷烃* negligible a. 可忽略的,不计的,很小的* neutron n. 中子nickel n. 镍Ni* nitrogen n. 氮N* nitrate n. 硝酸盐[根,酯]nitration n. 硝化(作用),渗氮(法)* nitric acid n. 硝酸-nitrile 腈nitro- 硝基nitrogenous a. 含氮的* nomenclature n. 术语,命名(法),名称,(某一学科的)术语表nona- 九,壬nonane n. 壬烷* non-condensable gas不凝性气体* nonyl n. 壬基* nozzle n. 喷嘴nucleic acid 核酸* numerical a. 数(量,字,值)的,用数字表示的nutrient a. 营养的n. 营养基,营养素nylon n. 酰胺纤维,尼龙,耐纶obliterate vt. 除去,删去,消除octa- 八;辛octane rating 辛烷值octane n. (正)辛烷,辛烷值*octyl n. 辛基* offgas n.废气,气态废物* offset n. vt. 补偿,弥补,抵销off-the-shelf a. 成品的,现成的-oic acid 酸-ol 醇* olefin n.(链)烯(烃),烯族烃oleum n. 发烟硫酸-one 酮* one-pass 单程,非循环过程on-line 联机,在线,机内on-site a. (在)现场的,就地的opaque a. 不透明的;不传导的;无光泽的* operability n. (可)操作性[度]* optimize v.(使)最优[佳]化,优选* optimum a.;n. 最佳(的,点,值),最优(的,值)ordered packing 整砌填料,规整填料organofluorine compound n. 有机氟化合物* orifice n. 孔板;锐孔orth-,o- 邻位,正,原* osmosis n. 渗透(性,作用)* overflow v.溢出,溢流overhead n. 企业一般管理费;塔顶馏出物* overlap n.重迭(部分)* oxidation n. 氧化[反应,作用]* oxide n. 氧化物oxidize vt. 使氧化oxo- 氧代* oxygen n. 氧Oozonation n. 臭氧化作用* ozone n. 臭氧* packed tower 填充塔,填料塔palladium n. 钯Pdpara-,p- (位次)对位;仲;副* paraffin n. 链烷(属)烃,石蜡* parameter n. 参数,系数particulate a. 颗粒的,微粒的n.颗粒,微粒,粒子* patent n. 专利,专利权vt. 取得···的专利权pelletize v. 造粒,做成丸[球, 片]状penta- 五,戊pentane n. (正)戊烷* pentyl n. 戊基perforate v. 打孔,穿孔peripheral a.周边的,周围的,边缘的* peroxide n. 过氧化物* pesticide n.农药,杀虫剂* petrochemical a. 石油化学的n. 石油化学制品pharmaceutical n. 药物[品, 剂] a. 医药的,制药的,药物的phenol n. (苯)酚,石碳酸phenol-formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂* phenyl n. 苯基* phosphate n. 磷酸盐[酯],磷肥* phosphoric acid n. 磷酸* phosphorus n. 磷P,磷光体;启明星,金星photosynthesis n. 光合作用physical vapor deposition物理气相淀积pigment n. 颜料,色料;色素* pilot-plant n.中间(试验性)工厂,试验生产装置plasticizer n. 增塑剂plate and frame press板框式压滤机* plate tower 板式塔platinum n. 铂Pt, 白金* plug flow 活塞流, 平推流plutonium n. 钚Pupneumatic a. 气力的,气动的polarography n. 极谱法* poly vinyl chloride聚氯乙烯poly- 多,聚,重,复polyester n. 聚酯* polyethylene n. 聚乙烯* polymer n. 聚合物[体],高[多]聚物polymerization n. 聚合(反应,作用)polypropylene n. 聚丙烯polysaccharide n. 多糖polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene n. 聚四氟乙烯polythene n. 聚乙烯(=polyethylene) pore n. 细[毛,微,气]孔,孔隙* porous a. 多孔的,疏松的;能渗透的potassium n. 钾Kpotential flow 势流* potential n. 势(能),位(能),电势(位,压)pottery n. 陶器* precipitate n. 沉淀物,沉积物v. 使沉淀(出),析出precursor n. 产物母体, 前身, 先驱predominate vi. 占优势,居支配地位prefractionator n. 初步分馏塔premium n. 额外费用;奖励,奖金preparative chromatography制备色谱法* pressure drop 压降probe v. 试探,探测;(用探针,探测器)探查propagation n. 增长, 繁殖, 传播, 波及propane n. 丙烷propanol n. 丙醇propeller n. 螺旋桨,推进器propene n. 丙烯* proprietary a. 专利的,专有的,有专利权的n. 所有权,业主* propyl n. 丙基propylene n. 丙烯* protein n. 蛋白质,朊protocol n. (条约等的)草案,会谈备忘录,(外交)协定书* proton n. 质子protonate v. 使质子化pulsed column 脉冲塔pulverize vt. 使成粉末,研磨,粉碎* purge gas 吹扫气体* purification n. 净化,提纯purity n.纯度,品位;纯净,洁净;纯化PVC = poly vinyl chloride n. 聚氯乙烯* pyrolysis n. 热解(作用),高温分解pyrolyze vt. 热(分)解* qualitative a. 定性的;质的,质量的;性质上的qualitatively ad. 定性地* quantitative a. 定量的;数量的quantitatively ad. 定量地* quantum n. 量子quartz n. 石英,水晶* quench v.; n. 急冷,淬冷* radial a. 径向的,(沿)半径的radiator n. 辐射体,散热器,暖气装置* radical n. 基,原子团;根部;根式radium n. 镭Ra* raffinate n. 萃余液* random a. 随机的,无规则的,偶然的rate v. (对...)评价,估计,估价,计算* reactant n.反应物reaction injection moulding反应注射成型reactive a. 反应性的,活性的;反应的* reactivity n. 反应性,反应活性;反应* reactor n.反应器,反应堆* reagent n. 试剂,反应物* reboiler n. 再沸器rectangular a. 矩形的,长方形的rectifier n. 精馏器[塔];整流器rectify vt. 精馏,精炼,蒸馏rectifying section 精馏段* redox = reduction-oxidation n. 氧化还原(作用)redox petential 氧化还原电势* reduce v.(使)还原;减少* reduction n. 还原* refinery n. 炼油厂,提炼厂* reflux n. 回流,倒流reformate n. (汽油)重整产品* reforming n. 重整;转化refract v. 折射* refractory a. 难熔的,耐火的n. 耐火材料* refrigerant n.致冷剂,冷冻剂* regeneration n.再生,更新,新生regress vi. ;n. 回归* relative volatility相对挥发度(性)relevance n. 关联,关系;适当,贴切,中肯render v. 使得,使变为;提炼,提取* repel v.排斥,推开,击退,弹回replicate vt. 复制* reproducibility n. 再生性, 还原性,重复性* residence time 停留时间* residue n. 残余物,残渣,剩余物* resin n. 树脂vt. 用树脂处理retardation time 保留时间retort n. 蒸馏釜, 甑retrieval n. (数据,信息)检索* reverse osmosis 反渗透* reversible a. 可逆的,双向的revise vt. 修正,修改,校正revolve v. (使)绕[旋]转;循环;思索,反复思考rinse vt.;n. 漂洗,淋洗,清洗* riser n. 立(式)管(道),升气管rising film evaporator升膜式蒸发器rotary dryer旋转干燥器round-the-clock 连续一整天(或一昼夜)run-off n. 流出,流泻,径流;流量* rupture disk 安全(隔)膜rupture n.;v.破裂,断裂,破损saccharide n. 糖类,糖化物saponification n. 皂化(作用)* saturate v.使饱和;浸透 a.饱和的* scalar n. 标量,纯量* scale-up n.(按比例)放大,增加,升高schematically ad. 用示意图,用图解法,示意地,大略地* screen v. 筛分,筛选;屏蔽,隐藏scrub v. 气体洗涤,涤气,洗涤,清洗secondary reformer二段(次)转化炉(器)secondary,sec- 仲[指CH3···CH(CH3)-型支链烃,或指二元胺及R2CHOH型的醇]sediment n. 沉积物;沉积,沉淀* sedimentation n. 沉积,沉淀,沉降,淀积segment n. 部分;切片segregation n. 分离,分凝,分开* selectivity n. 选择性,选择seminar n.研究班,(专家)研讨班,讨论会semipermeable a. 半渗透性的semi-technical n. 半工业化的* sensible heat n. 显热sensing device 传感装置[器],遥感装置* sensitivity n. 灵敏性,灵敏度sensor n. 传感器,探测器serviceability n. 使用中的可靠性,耐用性* settling n. 沉降,沉淀sewage n. 污水,下水道(系统)shaft n. (传动,旋转)轴* shear stress 剪应力* shell and tube heat exchanger管壳式换热器,列管式换热器shift reaction 变换反应,转移反应* shortcut n. 近路,捷径v. 简化* shutdown n. 停工,停车,停止运转side-rectifier 侧线(馏分)精馏塔sidestream n. 侧线馏分,塔侧抽出物side-stripper 侧线(馏分)汽提塔* sieve plate 筛板(塔)sieve n. 筛,筛子;滤网vt.筛分,过筛,过滤silica n. 二氧化硅,硅石* silica-gel (氧化)硅胶silicate n. 硅酸盐[酯]silicon n. 硅Sisilver n. 银Ag* similarity n. 相似性,类似,相象* simulate vt. 模拟,仿真,模型化,模型试验simultaneously ad. 同时地;同时发生地single effect evaporator单效蒸发器size vt. 依一定尺寸制造,定尺寸,估计大小sketch n.示意图,简图,设计图sludge n. 淤泥,泥状沉积物;淤渣* slurry n. 稀浆,淤浆;悬浮液[体] soak up 吸收soda n.苏打,纯碱,碳酸钠;碳酸氢钠,小苏打soda-ash n. 纯碱,无水碳酸钠,苏打灰sodium dichromate n. 重铬酸钾* sodium n. 钠Nasoftware n. 软件,程序,程序计算方法;设计计算方法* solubility product 溶度积* solubility n. 溶解度,溶解性* solute n. 溶质,溶解物solution polymerization溶液聚合solvability n. 溶解[溶剂化]能力,可溶解性* solvent n.溶剂,溶媒sorbent n. 吸附剂,吸收剂* spare part n. 备件speciality n. 特制品,特殊产品;专门化,专业(化)* specification n.说明书;(pl.)(尺寸)规格,技术要求;明细表spectroscopic a. 用分光镜的,光谱(学)的* spectroscopy n. 光谱学* spectrum n.(光,波,能,质)谱,频谱;范围,领域spin off n. 伴随[附带] 的结果,有用的副产品spiral a. 螺旋(形)的,螺线的splitting n. 分解,分裂,蜕变* spontaneous a. 自发的,自然的spray dryer 喷雾干燥器stack gas 烟道气stagnant a. 滞流的,停滞的* stainless a.不锈的;纯洁的* standby a. 备用的,后备的n. 备用设备starch n. 淀粉,浆(糊)* startup n. 开动,运转* stationary phase 固定相stationary a. 静止的,固定的,不变的stearic acid 硬脂酸,十八(碳)(烷)酸* stereochemical a. 立体化学的sterile a. 无菌的,消过毒的sterilization n. 消毒,灭菌stiffness n. 刚性[度], 韧性* still n. 蒸馏釜,蒸馏stimulus n. 刺激,促进因素stirred tank reactor搅拌釜式反应器* stoichiometry n. 化学计算,化学计量,理想配比法straight run gasoline直馏汽油stripper n. 汽提塔, 解吸塔* stripping section 提馏段stripping n.汽提,解吸,洗提structured packing 结构填料* styrene n. 苯乙烯* subject-matter 主题,题材,要点,内容* sublimate v. 升华substrate n. 培养基,被酶作用物,基质sucrose n. 蔗糖,砂糖* suction n. 抽吸suffice vi. 足够,有能力vt. 满足(···的需要)* sulfate n. 硫酸盐[酯]* sulfide n. 硫化物sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐[酯]sulfo- 磺基* sulphate n. 硫酸盐[酯]sulphite n. 亚硫酸盐(酯)sulphonate n. 磺酸盐,磺化vt. 使磺化* sulphur n. 硫S, 硫磺* sulphuric acid 硫酸supercritical gas extraction超临界气体萃取* supercritical a. 超临界的* supersaturation n. 过饱和现象supervision n.监督,管理* surface-active agent 表面活性剂surfactant n. 表面活性剂suspension polymerization悬浮聚合* sustainable a. 可持续的,能支撑住的symposium n. 专题讨论会;论文集* syngas n. 合成气tailor-made a. 特制的,专用的,定做的;合适的,恰到好处的tangentially ad. 成切线teamwork n. 协力,协作,配合,协同作战teflon n.(商品名)特氟隆,聚四氟乙烯* tension n. 张力,弹力* terminology n.术语,专门用语tert- 叔tetra- 四,丁tetra-alkyl lead 四烷基铅the lion’s share 较大部分,最大部分thermal tubular reactor热管反应器* thermal a. 热(量,力)的,温的thermochemical a 热化学的thermocouple n. 热电偶* thermodynamics n. 热力学* thermoplastic n. 热塑性塑料 a. 热塑性的* thermoset n. 热固性 a. 热固性的thio- 硫代thorium n. 钍Ththoroughness n. 彻底性,充分性,完全性* throughput n.生产量,生产率,生产能力tin n. 锡Sntitanium n. 钛Ti* titrate v. 滴定n. 被滴定液TM =trademark n.商标* toluene n. 甲苯* toxic a. (有)毒的,毒性的n.毒药[物,剂]toxicity n. 毒性,毒力trade-off n. (对不能同时兼顾的因素的)权衡,比较评定,放弃trans- 反式;超,过* transition n. 过渡(段),转变,变化* transparent a. 透明的,半透明的,某种辐射线可以透过的tri- 三(重,倍,回)trickle bed reactor滴流床反应器tube sheet 管板tubular fixed-bed reaction管式固定床反应器* tubular reactor 管式反应器* tubular a. 管的,管式的,由管构成的tungsten n. 钨Wturbine n. 透平(机),叶轮机,汽轮机,涡轮(机)* turbulent a. 湍流的,紊流的;扰动的* turn-down ratio 极限负荷比,操作弹性* ultimated load 最大载荷ultracentrifuge n. 超速离心机* ultrafiltration n. 超滤(作用)ultra-red a. 红外的* ultraviolet a. 紫外的,紫外线的n. 紫外线unaccepted product 不合格(产)品* unbound electron 自由电子* underlie v. 构成[作为]···的基础;位于···的下面* unit operation 单元操作unlagged a. 未保温的,未隔热的;未绝缘的,* unsaturated a. 不饱和的update v. 适时修正,不断改进,使···适合新的要求uptake n. 吸收;领会,理解uranium n. 铀U* urea n. 尿素,脲valcanize n. 硫化,硬化* valence n.(化合)价,(原子)价validity n. 有效,合法性;正确,确实valve plate 浮阀塔(板)* valve n.阀,活门vanadium n. 钒V* vaporize vt.(使)汽化,(使)蒸发* vector n. 矢量,向量* ventilate vt. 通风,排气,开气孔,装以通风设备* venturi n. 文氏管verification n. 检验,验证* versatile a. 通用的,万能的;活动的,万向的via prep. [拉丁语] 经(过),viable a. 可行的,可用的;有生命力的,富有生命的* vinyl n. 乙烯基,乙烯树脂* viscosity n. 粘度,粘性* viscous a. 粘(性,滞,稠)的,* void fraction 空隙率void n. 空隙,空隙率* volatile a. 易挥发的,挥发性的* volatility n. 挥发度,挥发性vortex n. 旋涡;涡流(面),涡旋(体)vulcanization n. 硫化,硬化* weir n. 堰,溢流堰whizzer n. 离心机wiped-film evaporator刮膜式蒸发器xylene n. 二甲苯yeast n. 酵母-yl 基-yne 炔zeolite n. 沸石zinc n. 锌Zn。
(完整版)华东理工-化工专业英语翻译_胡鸣版
目录Unit 1 Chemical Industry (1)Unit 2 Research and Development (7)Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers (14)Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering? (20)Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineering (27)Excel in Your Engineering (40)Curriculum of chemical engineering (43)Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1.化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代(才开始的)。
高分子材料专业英语翻译
高分子材料专业英语翻译Polymer materials, also known as macromolecular materials, are a kind of material with high molecular weight composed of repeating structural units. They are widely used in various fields due to their excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. In recent years, the demand for polymer materials has been increasing, and the study of polymer materials has become a hot topic in the field of materials science. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the professional English translation of polymer materials in order to better communicate and exchange ideas with international counterparts.Firstly, let's start with the translation of some basic concepts related to polymer materials. "Polymer" can be translated into "高分子" in Chinese, which refers to the macromolecular compounds formed by the polymerization of monomers. "Polymerization" can be translated as "聚合" or "聚合反应", which specifically refers to the chemical reaction process of monomers forming polymers. "Macromolecule" can be translated as "大分子", which refers to a molecule with a large molecular weight formed by the combination of a large number of atoms. "Monomer" can be translated as "单体", which refers to the small molecules that can polymerize into polymers. "Polymerization degree" can be translated as "聚合度", which refers to the number of monomer units in a polymer molecule.Secondly, it is important to understand the translation of the properties of polymer materials. "Light weight" can be translated as "轻质", which refers to the low density of polymer materials. "High strength" can be translated as "高强度", which refers to the ability of polymer materials to withstand external forces without deformation or fracture. "Corrosion resistance" can be translated as "耐腐蚀性", which refers to the ability of polymer materials to resist chemical or electrochemical corrosion. "Flexibility" can be translated as "柔韧性", which refers to the ability of polymer materials to bend or stretchwithout breaking. "Thermal stability" can be translated as "热稳定性", which refers to the ability of polymer materials to maintain their properties at high temperatures.Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the translation of the processing methods of polymer materials. "Extrusion" can be translated as "挤出", which refers to the process of forcing polymer materials through a die to form continuous shapes. "Injection molding" can be translated as "注塑", which refers to the process of injecting molten polymer materials into a mold to form a desired shape. "Blow molding" can be translated as "吹塑", which refers to the process of inflating molten polymer materials into a mold to form hollow shapes. "Compression molding" can be translated as "压缩成型", which refers to the process of placing polymer materials in a mold and applying pressure and heat to form a desired shape.In conclusion, the professional English translation of polymer materials is essential for researchers, engineers, and professionals in the field of materials science. By mastering the accurate translation of key concepts, properties, and processing methods of polymer materials, we can better communicate and collaborate with international counterparts, promote the exchange of knowledge and technology, and contribute to the development and application of polymer materials on a global scale.。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇05. 高分子化学05.1高分子物质05.2新序码汉文名英文名注释1高分子macromolecule,polymer 又称“大分子”。
2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer 4无机高分子inorganic polymer 5有机高分子organic polymer6无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer 9高聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer 曾用名“齐聚物”。
12二聚体Dimer13三聚体Trimer14调聚物telomer15预聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17无规聚合物random polymer18无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer 20头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer 21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer 22反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24规整聚合物regular polymer 25非规整聚合物irregular polymer26无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称“等规聚合物”。
28间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称“间规聚合物”。
29杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称“异规聚合物”。
30有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer,tactic polymer又称“有规聚合物”。
31苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36共聚物copolymer37二元共聚物binary copolymer38三元共聚物terpolymer39多元聚合物multipolymer40序列共聚物sequential copolymer 41多层共聚物multilayer copolymer 42多相聚合物multiphase polymer 43统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer 44无规共聚物random copolymer 45交替共聚物alternating copolymer 46周期共聚物periodic copolymer 47梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48嵌段共聚物block copolymer 又称“嵌段聚合物(blockpolymer)”。
(完整word版)高分子材料工程专业英语翻译(word文档良心出品)
Unit 1 What are polymers?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands.与低分子化合物不同的是,普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105,甚至大于106。
These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much sma ller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds.这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。
小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。
To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound.举例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。
高分子材料工程专业英语翻译
Unit 1 What are polymers?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt、什么就是高聚物?首先,她们就是合成物与大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58、5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands、与低分子化合物不同的就是,普通盐的分子量仅仅就是58、5,而高聚物的分子量高于105,甚至大于106。
These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds、这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。
小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够就是一种或多种化合物。
To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material、When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound、举例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。
高分子专业英语课文翻译
高分子专业英语课文翻译高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料A 高分子化学和高分子物理 UNIT 1 What are Polymer? 第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第八单元聚合物分析和测试光谱方法红外光谱当分子在对应于两种不同内能的量子状态之间跃迁时,就会产生发射或吸收光谱。
两个状态之间能量差E=hv与发射或吸收光的频率相关联。
在波长范围为1-50微米的范围内,红外光频率是与分子振动以及振动旋转光谱相关的。
一个含有N个院子的分子含有3N个正常的振动模式,包括整个分子的转动和平动,对于仅含有几个原子的高对称性分子,整个红外和拉曼光谱可以和振动模式相关,并且可以用转动模式来解释,但即使对于大多数低分子量物质,N对于用来分析也显得太大了一些,但仍然可以得到一些有用的信息,因为一些振动模式涉及的小的原子基团的局部运动并且在这些基团特有的频率处和它们所经过的运动模式态所特有的频率处所产生的吸收带。
如果人们考虑到所涉及到的大量原子,在聚合物中的红外吸收光谱出奇的简单,这种简单性首先是由于这样的事实:即许多正常的振动具有同样的频率因此作为一个吸收带出现在光谱上。
第二,是由于严格的选律,它们阻止了许多振动的产生吸收。
试验方法人们对一般红外光谱的特征到现在为止是如此的了解以至于对聚合物样品的制备的特殊问题作简短说明就足够了。
研究具有很强的红外吸收物质包括许多聚合物时最大的实验困难之一是得到足够薄的样品。
样品制备的常用方法包括下述的模压法,用的最为广泛的制备方法:将聚合物溶解在例如像CS2、四氯乙烷等溶剂中,这些溶剂的红外光谱无强的红外吸收带;用切片或铣销的方法制备薄片,从溶液中浇铸得到薄膜;将完全碾碎的样品和HBr的混合物压成盘片或薄片。
典型光谱中化学基团的检测在通常的聚合物中人们感兴趣的红外吸收带是那些在聚乙烯中C-H的伸缩振动(3.4um处)和CH2基团(6.8um)和CH3基团(处在7.3um吸收带的7.25um处的尖峰)中C-H的弯曲振动,以及烷烃链结构中亚甲基序列CH2的摇摆振动(13.9um)。
其他使人们感兴趣的吸收带是天然橡胶中处在6.1um处的C=C;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中5.8um处的羰基和8.9um处的醚基;在6.2,6.7,13.3,14.4um处聚苯乙烯的芳香族结构;聚氯乙烯中14.5um处的C-Cl;尼龙中3.0,6.1和6.5um处的肽基基团以及聚四氟乙烯中8.2-8.3um处的CF2。
相关方法最好是获得尽可能多的通常是在2-15um波长范围内的红外吸收观察,为达到此目的,在远红外区域的观测就显得重要,尽管存在严重的实验上的困难,但是还可以在这个区域得到有用的信息:就像类似于聚四氟乙烯的聚合物,多数的吸收带在15um以上。
傅里叶变换的红外光谱的应用已经有人做了综述。
因为对于引起红外吸收和Raman散射所要求的振动能力常常是不同的,因此从Raman实验中获得的信息通畅可以补充从红外吸收中得到的信息。
使用激光作为光源可以大大减小这个技术中的实验困难,并且这个方法现已成为聚合物分析的标准工具之一。
二向色性对于任何一个导致红外吸收的分子振动来说,都存在一个电偶极距的周期性变化,如果这个变化的方向平行于红外光的电场矢量分量的方向,就发生吸收,否则就不会发生吸收。
在取向的本体聚合物中,偶极距变化可以限定在特定的方向上。
使用偏振的红外光,可以导致一个随偏振平面的取向作用的吸收。
这种现象就成为二向色性,常常用二向色性比来度量,它是个吸收带的光密度的比值,这个比值是各自平行或垂直于样品中特定方向上的偏振来度量。
二向色性比既依赖于取向程度,也依赖于跃迁时的方向和样品中被选定方向的角度。
他们通常在0.1到1.0的范围内变化。
结晶性晶态和非晶态的同一聚合物的红外吸收至少由于有两方面的原因而不同。
第一,特殊的分子间的相互作用可能存在与晶态的聚合物中,这可以导致某些吸收带的锐化或裂分。
第二,某些特殊的构象肯能只存在于其中的一相而不存在于另一相;这会导致特征吸收带只存在于晶态或非晶态材料中的一种中,而不能并存。
后面一种效应的一个例子就是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,每个重复单元的-OCH2CH2O-在晶体中被限制成全反式构象,在熔体中是以旁式存在。
每一种构象所具有的几种吸收带已经被判别出,在合适的条件下,比如尼龙66的结晶度可以从红外吸收数据中的关系来确定。
几何同分异构在聚合物链中,与不饱和链相关的不同类别的几何异构是非常重要的。
比如说在现代合成橡胶的结构的研究中。
尽管区别反式或顺势构型比较困难,但在合成的“天然”橡胶中,也就是顺式1,4-聚异戊二烯中,可以容易的检测到相对少量的1,2和3,4加成的产物。
核磁共振光谱也可以用于这个分析。
热分析自从二十多年前用于给热分析的简单便宜的仪器出现以来,聚合物的热分析领域已经大大扩展了。
除了传统的量热分析和差热分析以外,这个领域现在还包括用于热重分析、热机械分析、电热分析以及逸出气体分析的设备。
人们不仅可以研究和加热、退火、结晶或其他热处理的聚合物过程有关的焓变,还可以研究体系对温度的各种相应,包括聚合、降解和其他化学变化。
差示扫描量热法实验方法和早期用于比热、转变热焓测量应用相反的大型昂贵的绝热式量热计相反,这些测量现在通常是用很少量的样品在DSC中就可以完成。
这个术语适用于两种不同的分析模式,这里将描述和传统量热法密切相关的其中一种。
在DSC中,一个均温回路测量和控制样品池和参考池的温度以保证遵守预定的时间-温度程序。
这个温度在x-y记录仪上的一个坐标轴上给出。
同时,一个温差系统比较样品池和参考池的温度,并按比例将功率分配给每个池子中的加热器以保持温度相等。
当样品经历热转变时,给两个加热器的功率将被同时调整以便维持其温度,而一个正比于功率差的信号就会记录在记录仪的第二个坐标轴上绘出。
所得到的曲线下面的面积就是转变热的直接量度。
尽管DSC没有好的绝热量热计那么精确,但其精度对于多数用途来说足够了,它的高速和低成本优势使之成为多数现代量热法所选择的首选设备。
在聚合物上的应用。
作为一个典型的结果,加热淬火的对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的比热温度曲线(通过绝热量热法)在低温下随温度线性上升之后在玻璃化转变处变得更加陡峭,正如在比热曲线上的突然下降所表明的那样,在此转变温度以上,随着分子链运动的开始,就会发生结晶,在更高的温度下,晶融化并伴随着在此比热曲线上对应上升。
在热重分析中,一个灵敏的天平用来跟踪样品的重量随温度的变化,典型的应用包括热稳定性和分解温度的评价,缩聚物种固化度的测定,共聚物中组成及有关序列分布的信息和填充聚合物的组成,以及其他的应用。
热机械分析热机械分析测量的是聚合物体系温度变化的力学响应,典型测量包括膨胀剂法,穿透或热变形,扭曲模量或应力行为。
力学性能拉伸过程中应力应变性能对于任何材料,信息最为丰富的是力学实验之一是拉伸过程中其应力应变曲线的测定,这通常是通过连续测定样品一恒定拉伸速率伸长过程中所产生的里来完成。
塑料一般的应力应变曲线用来确定几个有用的量,包括模量或刚度(曲线斜率)屈服应力以及断裂时的强度和伸长率。
这类曲线是诸如聚乙烯类塑料的特征。
拉伸性能通常在1-100%/min拉伸应变速率下测定的,在高至105 %/min的应变速率下,拉伸强度和模量通常会增加好几倍,而伸长率则会下降,由于测试样品中较大的温度升高,这些结果的解释是很复除了拉伸测量外,实验也可以用剪切,弯曲,压缩和扭曲的形式进行,对于薄膜形式的材料,经常用弯曲试验,这可能保罗(对于较为刚性的材料)弯曲模量试验和(对于刚性较差的材料)抗弯或抗折叠材料疲劳测试当受到周期性的机械应力的时候,大多数材料在比较单一应力循环条件下引起破环多需要的盈利低得多的应力下被破坏,这个现象叫做疲劳。
常用的疲劳测试的各种模式包括交替的拉伸,压缩应力和周期性的弯曲应力。
结果以应力对破坏周期数作图来报告,许多材料都表现出抗弯疲劳极限或一个大的应力,低于这个应力疲劳破坏就不会出现。
疲劳破坏是由在非完全弹性材料中能量的吸收而产生的,这个能量以热的形式体现出来,导致温度上升,模量下降以及迅速的破坏,在周期性测试中,能量吸收伴随这应力和应变中的相位差,并且可以用这个相变差来度量能量的吸收。
冲击测试在大多数情况下,聚合物样品的破坏可以分为两类:脆性和韧性。
如果知道破坏点材料都表现为弹性行为,就会发生脆性破坏,也就是不出现屈服或拉伸,而在韧性破坏中,样品在破坏掉附近就会发生永久形变。
脆性破坏的特点是断裂部分没有变形,脆性断裂的两方面但人们感兴趣:一个是在一组给定的实验条件下,低于某一点是脆性破坏所发生的温度,另外一个是在室温下材料韧性的测量,用于得到上述两类信息的测定方法都是高度经验性的,因为样品被破坏,所以常常使用多重实验以对结果进行统计评价。
脆化点,或者是脆性开始的温度,通常用是样品经受标准化的经验的方式的冲击来确定,测试的温度是变化的直到那个在统计上半数样品是与脆性破坏方式断裂的温度被发现,脆化点大致上和玻璃化转变温度相关。
塑料的冲击强度通常是通过以下实验来测定:用带有一个重的撞摆的摆锤来冲击样品,从破坏样品后摆锤的行程可以计算出导致破坏所需要的能量,样品经常会开一个缺口以提高断裂模式的重要性。
其他形式的冲击试验包括许多的类型,把这些类型实验中,用下落的物体(如球,标等)来冲击样品,通常用引起半数样品破坏的弹射体的下落高度来作为材料韧性的一种度量。
抗撕裂性当塑料用作在薄膜中,特别是在包装上时,他们的抗撕裂性就是一个重要的特性。
在一种撕裂强度的测试中,样品在一个用锋利的刀片做的缺口处被撕开,能量由下落的摆锤提供,而所做的功使用摆锤的剩余能量来测量的,撕裂强度和拉伸强度是密切相关的。
硬度和通常想像的一样,硬度是一个综合了钪穿透性,抗挂擦性,抗划痕等性能的参数,大多数塑料硬度测试时基于恒定压力下压头的穿透塑料所受到的阻力。
耐磨性塑料的耐磨性通常用挂擦实验的形式来进行,在实验中材料受到许多次的挂擦,挂擦通常来自于和砂轮的接触或落下的挂擦材料的气流。
摩擦度可以用严重破环时损失的重量来确定,但通常用表面划痕的痕迹来度量,比如说失去光泽活在透明样品中出现浑浊等。
摩擦,硬度和耐磨性与聚合物的粘弹性是密切相关的。
热性能软化温度除了流变实验以外,人们最感兴趣的热性能是塑料的软化温度。
测量此性能的不同方法包括以下几点时温度的观察:a,在固定载荷下压头压入样品一定深度,b,在恒定载荷下以弯曲形式固定的棒材,形变到一定量(偏差温度或热扭曲实验)c聚合物样品以中等的压力通过热的金属表面熔融并且留下痕迹(聚合物熔融或粘着温度的测试)d聚合物样品在自身重力的张力下破坏的温度(零外力温度测试)光学性能透射率和折射率透明材料(不散射光)外观的主要因素是其折射率,就是样品上入射光和透射光强度的比值,同样的,不透明的材料外观是用反射率来表征,也就是反射光和入射光强度的比值,半透明的物质是可以透过或反射部分入射光的材料。