专业外语复习翻译题

一、短句译成汉语

1. In this type, the telescope C is pivoted near its center on a short horizontal axis supported by the component B. When the setting, or tilting, screw B1, is turned, the eyepiece end of the telescope is raised or lowered, and this movement is resisted by the compression spring B2 so that the movement is free from looseness or backlash.

译文：在这种情况下，望远镜C在一个较短的由B部分支撑的水平轴上绕其自身中心附近旋转。当设定好的或倾斜的螺旋B1旋转时，望远镜目镜就会上升或下降，弹簧B2的挤压力会阻挠这种运动，以使其不至过于松动或受到后坐力。

2. All these factors point to the use of low frequency signals and indeed most position-fixing systems operate in the low or medium frequency range. In these ranges wavelengths are of the order of 102 or 103 m and the phase differences can be measured directly in terms of the basic wave.

译文：所有这些因素都指向低频信号的应用，况且真正地，大多数定位系统采用的是中低频率信号。在这些频率，波长大约是102到103 m，因此相位差能够根据基础波直接测量出来。

3. Topographic surveys are conducted by either aerial (photogrammetric) or ground (field) methods, and often a combination of both. Refined equipment and procedures available today have made photogrammetry accurate and economical; hence, almost all topographic mapping projects covering large areas now employ this method.

译文：地形测绘可以通过空中（摄影测量）或地面方法完成，而且经常是两者的结合。现今精良的设备和程序使得摄影测量已经足够准确并且经济。因此，现在几乎所有覆盖大面积地区的地形测图工程都使用这种方法。

4. The adjusted position of each traverse point is determined with respect to some origin. This position is defined by its Y coordinate and its X coordinates with respect to a plane rectangular coordinate system in which the Y axis is assumed north-south whereas the X axis east-west.

译文：每个导线点调整后的位置根据一些起算数据确定。这个位置由平面直角坐标系的Y 坐标和X坐标确定，Y轴假定是南北方向，X轴是东西向。

5. An elevation is a vertical distance above or below a reference datum. Although vertical distance can be referenced to any datum, in surveying, the reference datum that is universally employed is that of mean sea level (MSL).

译文：海拔是高于或低于一个基准面的垂直距离。尽管在测量中垂直距离可以相对于任何基准面得到，但通常采用的是平均海平面 (MSL)。

6. These errors are of vital importance in activities which consist of adding together a succession of individual observations (see sections on leveling and traversing). If all the individual measurements contain the same type of systematic error, which by their nature always act in the same direction, then the total effect is the sum of them all.

译文：这些误差在由一系列独立观测值（参见水准测量和导线测量部分）累加在一起组成的测量值中极为重要，如果所有独立观测都含有相同类型的系统误差，且这些系统误差总是表现出相同的性质，那么它们的总影响就是它们的和。

7. The hole in the tripod head is much larger than the fitting which goes through it, and this allows some lateral movement, over a range of 30 or 40 mm, before the instrument is finally clamped down.

译文：三角架头的孔径比经纬仪固定轴要大得多，这使得仪器在最终拧紧之前可以在30到40 mm范围内做自由移动。

8．Modulation is a process whereby certain characteristics of the carrier wave are varied or selected in accordance with another signal. The carrier signal does not have to be at a precisely determined frequency.

译文：调制是这么一个过程，即借助于载波不同的特性或选定的与另一信号一致来实现。载波信号不必与确定的频率精确的一致。