工商管理硕士英语
mba 单词
mba 单词
Mba，英/ˌem biːˈeɪ/美/ˌem biːˈeɪ/工商管理硕士;工商管理;工商管理硕士学位;工商管理学硕士;企业管理硕士
1．The China National MBA Education Supervisory Committee announced over the weekend that, from next year, a nationwide exam will be the only way to apply for an EMBA course.
全国工商管理硕士（MBA）教育指导委员会宣布，从明年起，申请就读高级管理人员工商管理硕士（EMBA）课程必须经过全国统考。
2．Also, she is working at an MBA degree.
同时，她还攻读工商管理硕士学位。
3．On a bench in Regen ’ s Park, London, on October 7, 1970, a young man studying for MBA degree at London Business School met an Irish girl who first arrived in London.
1970年的10月7日，在伦敦摄政公园的一个长椅上，一位在伦敦商学院读MBA的小伙子，遇见了一位初到伦敦的爱尔兰姑娘。
4．Getting MBA in China is easy using the following services.
在我国获得工商管理硕士很容易使用下列服务。
5．The US MBA model consisted of a two year programme.
美国的mba模式包括两年的授课时间。
MBA全面介绍
MBA全面介绍1 什么是MBAMBA的全称为Master of BusinessAdministration，即工商管理硕士，是源于欧美国家的一种专门培养中高级职业经理人员的专业硕士学位。
MBA是作为一种专业硕士学位，与一般硕士研究生有所不同。
首先是培养目标不同：MBA是培养能够胜任工商企业和经济管理部门高层管理工作需要的务实型、复合型和应用型高层次管理人才，而其他硕士研究生是培养具有扎实理论基础和较强的科研和教学能力的高层次科研型和教学型人才；其次是培养对象不同，MBA的招生对象一般为大学本科毕业、具有三年以上工作实践经验的国家机关事业单位干部和工商企业管理人员及技术人员，而其他硕士研究生可以招收应届毕业生，也可以招收在职人员；第三是培养方式不同，MBA教育从本质上讲是一种职业训练，特别强调在掌握现代管理理论和方法的基础上，通过商业案例分析、实战观摩、分析与决策技能训练等培养学生的实际操作技能，使学生接受知识与技能、个性与心理、目标与愿望等方面的挑战，更具有职业竞争的实力，而其他研究生则侧重于理论学习、学术研究。
尽管MBA与其他研究生在上述方面存在区别，但目前在招生录取和在校的教学管理方面却是基本相同的：都必须参加全国统一的招生考试，按国家划定的录取线统一录取；在取得学籍后按正规研究生标准进行教学管理；做学位论文并通过论文答辩后取得学位。
MBA教育最重要的特点是实用性，不重在灌输知识，而在于决策及实用管理技能的训练。
因此其课程因各个国家、各个大学而不同。
且内容经常在不断的补充更新，从而能更确切地配合学生以及当今企业机构的需要，在教育中除了帮助学员建立全面的知识结构外，还通过商业案例分析、实战观摩、分析与决策技能训练、培养学生操作技巧。
许多学生都认为，MBA带给他们的最大的收获是带给他们一种对新事物的启发、思考能力并开阔视野，使他们对以前工作中出现的问题产生了新的看法和理解；MBA的课堂使他们接受了知识与技能，个性与心理、现实与愿望等方面的挑战；同时使他们变得更具实力，对未来的事业与职位有了更高的目标。
公共管理工商管理硕士英语800词汇excel版本
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[pl] 住处，膳宿vt. 陪伴；为…伴奏（或伴唱）vt. 达到，完成，实现（计划，诺言等）n. 一致；谅解 ||vi. (with) 相符合 ||vt. 给予n. 记述；帐户；解释 ||vi.(for) 说明…的原因vt. 堆积 ||vi. 累积vt. 指控vt. 完成，实现，达到 ||vi. 成功vt. 承认…的权威（或主张）；确认；报偿vt.(with) 使认识，使了解，使熟悉vt. 取得；学到vt. 使适应；修改 ||vi.(to) 适应a. 充足的；胜任的 [ˈædɪkwɪt]vt. 校正；调节 ||vi.(to) 适应n. 准许进入；入场券；承认vt. 收养；采取；批准n. 优点；利益a. 可取的，明智的vt. 拥护 ||n. 拥护者；律师 [ˈædvəˈket]v. 影响n. 喜爱vt. 负担得起；提供a. 侵犯的；有进取心得n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱v. 改变n. 抱负，野心；企望得到的东西n. 周年纪念（日）a. 每年的 ||n. 年报，年刊，年鉴；一年生的植物vt. 预期；提前使用n. 焦虑；渴望ad. [空间、时间方面]成距离；分离 ||a. 分离的n. 道歉vt. 任命；约定vt. 重视；为…表示感激；（充分）意识到 ||vi. 增值v. 靠近 ||n. 靠近；途径；方式a. 适当的 ||vt. 私占；拨出…供专用vt. 赞成；批准 ||vi.(of) 赞成vt. 产生，出现；(from)（由…）引起；起身vt. 引起，唤醒a. 人工的；假的n. 方面；（建筑物的）朝向；面貌vt. 肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持 [əˈsɚt]vt. 对…进行估价；评价，评论 [əˈsɛs]vt. 指派；指定（时间、地点等）；分配n. 帮助n. 假定；承担vt. 使确信；确保vt.达到，获得n./vt.尝试n.吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物vt.(to)把…归因于 || n.属性a.现成可使用的；可取得联系的a.平均的；平常的 || n.平均数，平均 || v.平均vt.授予；裁定 || n.奖，奖品，奖金a.意识到n.平衡；天平；结存 || vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.特价商品；（买卖等双方的）协议 || vi.讨价还价n.栅栏；障碍；屏障vi.表现，举止端庄n.信任；信念a.有益的n.益处；救济金，保险金 || vt.有益于 || vi.得益n.（营业等的）激增；隆隆声 || vi.激增；发出隆隆声vt.提高；推动；替…作广告 || n.提高；推动a.一定的；受约束的；(for, to)准备到…去的n.突破，突破性进展，重要新发现n.种，品种 || vi.繁殖 || vt.饲养；养育；酿成n.预算，预算拨款 || vi.(for)编预算 || vt.规划n.重担；使重负 || vt.加重压于，烦恼；负重vt.取消；抵消；删去n.容量；才能；身份，职位vt.证明；发证书（或执照）给n.艰巨的任务；怀疑；挑战 || vt.反对；向…挑战n.环境；境况[ˈsɚkəmˈstæns]vt.声称；对…提出要求；需要 || n.要求，认领，索赔vt.澄清，阐明 [ˈklærəˈfaɪ]n.线索vi. / n.倒坍；崩溃[kəˈlæps]n.碰撞；冲突n.评论；闲话 || vt.评论n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的义务 [kəˈmɪtmənt]n.同伴，伴侣[kəmˈpænjən]a.(with, to)可比较的；比得上的a.比较的vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把…比作 || vi.相比vt.强迫[kəmˈpɛl]a.有能力的 [ˈkɑmpɪtənt]a.竞争的；好竞争的；（价格等）有竞争力的 [kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv] a.广泛的，综合的vt.包含；构成vt.隐藏vt.承认；（在结果确定前）承认失败；允许 || vi.让步n.关切的事；关心；关系；公司 || vt.涉及；使关心prep.关于n.让步；特许，特许权；承认vt.推断出；结束 || vi.结束；终了v.（使）冷凝；浓缩；简缩v.坦白；承认a.确信的；自信的vt.限制；使不外出 || n.界限vt.证实，肯定；进一步确定，确认；批准n.冲突；战斗 || vi.冲突vt.迎面遇到；勇敢地面对；使对质vt.使困惑；混淆；混乱n.良心 [ˈkɑn ʃəns]a.自觉的；神志清醒的；有意的 [ˈkɑn ʃəs]n.准许 || vi.(to)准许n.结果；重要（性），重大ad.所以，因此n.保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费 [ˈkɑns ɚˈve ʃən]a.保守的；（式样等）不时新的 || n.保守的人a.相当大（或多）的a.体贴的a.坚持的；一致的vt.组成；设立，任命vt.使缩紧，使收缩，压缩；构筑；建造，建设vt.请教；查阅 || vi.交换意见n.接触 || vt.与…取得联系 [ˈk ɑn ˈtækt]a.当代的，同时代的 || n.同代人，当代人n.（书等的）内容 || a.满意的 || vt.使满意n.竞赛；争夺 || vt.争夺；对…提出质疑n.背景；语境a.不见断的；多次重复的 [k ən ˈt ɪnju əl]n.合同 || vt.感染（疾病），染上（恶习）n.矛盾；否认，反驳a.(to)相反的 || n.[-the]相反 [ˈkɑn ˈtr ɛri]n.对比 || vt.对比 || vi.(with)形成对比 [ˈk ɑ:ntræst] vi.捐款；(to)有助于；投稿 || vt.捐，捐献 [k ən ˈtr ɪbjut]n.争论n.习俗；公约；（正式）会议v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰（或态度等）vt.表达；运送vt.使确信vt.调节 || n.坐标 || a.同等的 [ko'ɔrd əˈnet]vi.(with)相符合；(to)相当；通信 [ˈk ɔr ɪˈspɑnd, ˈkɑr-]n.委员会，理事会 [ˈka ʊns əl]n.律师，法律顾问；忠告 || vt.劝告 [ˈka ʊns əl]n.课程；过程；行动方针；路线；（一）道（菜）n.信贷；赞扬，功劳；学分；信任 || vt.信任；(to)把…归于.a.决定性的；批评的 [ˈkr ɪt ɪk əl]n..至关重要的 [ˈkru ʃəl]vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压n.暗示，信号；提示 || vt.提示vt.耕作，养殖；培养，发展n.好奇（心）；奇物，奇事，古玩n.最后期限n. / v.辩论vi.腐烂；衰败 || n.腐烂；衰败（或衰退）状态vt.欺骗a.像样的；宽厚的；得体的n.宣布；宣言；申报 [ˈd ɛkləˈre ʃən] n.下降，衰退 || vi.下降；衰退；谢绝 || vt.谢绝vt.击败；挫败 || n.战败；击败n.缺点 || vi.变节vt.给…下定义，解释；限定a.明确的；一定的 [ˈd ɛf ən ɪt]vt.删除 [di ˈlit]a.故意的；慎重的 || v.仔细考虑 [d ɪˈl ɪb ər ɪt]a.易碎的；棘手的；娇弱的；精美的 [ˈd ɛl ɪk ɪt] vt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生；给予（打击等）；解救vt.论证；说明 || vi.举行示威游行（或集会） [ˈdɛmənˈstret]vt.否认；拒绝给予vi.离开；(from)背离a.(on, upon)依靠的；取决于…的n.定金；存款；沉积物，矿藏 || vt.使沉淀；存放；储蓄 [dɪˈpɑzɪt] vt.使沮丧；削弱；按下n.抑郁；不景气；洼地vt.取得；追溯…的起源（或来由） || vi.(from)起源 [dɪˈraɪv]vi.下来；(from)起源（于）；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至vt.应受a.值得想望的；可取的 [dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物） || vi.(of)绝望 [dɪˈspɛr]a.不顾一切的；极想望的；绝望的n.破坏，消灭vt.发明，策划vt.(to)把…专用（于）；将…奉献给vt.丢弃vt.解雇；排出；卸（货）|| vi.放电 || n.获准离开；放电n.纪律；训练；惩罚；学科 || vt.训练；惩罚 [ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.（价格、债款等）折扣 || vt.把…打折扣vt.假扮；伪装；掩盖 || n.用来伪装的东西（或行动）；假装 [dɪsˈɡaɪz] n.厌恶 || vt.使厌恶vt.排列；使倾向于 || vi.(of)去掉；处理n.争论 || vt.对…表示异议 || vi.争论vi.溶解；消失，减弱 || vt.使溶解；解散，结束a.有区别的；清楚的；明确的 [dɪˈstɪŋkt]vt.转移（注意力），使分心 [dɪˈstrækt]n.痛苦；贫困；危难 || vt.使痛苦vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱a.不同的；多种多样的n. / vt.用文件（或文献）等证明，记载a.本国的；家（庭）的；驯养的 [dəˈmɛstɪk]a.占优势的；居高临下的 [ˈdɑmənənt]vt.支配；俯视 || vi.处于支配地位n.捐款；捐赠vt.下载（计算机用语）vt.排走；渐渐耗尽 || vi.慢慢流掉 || n.耗竭；排水沟 [dren]a.耐用的 [ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-]n.持续，持续期间n.容易，悠闲 || v.缓和 [iz]a.优美的；简练的 [ˈɛlɪɡənt]vt.排除；淘汰 [ɪˈlɪməˈnet]vt.使窘迫vt.拥抱；包括；包围 || n.拥抱vi.(from)浮现；（问题等）发生 [ɪˈmɚdʒ]n.紧急情况vi移居国外（或外地）. [ˈɛmɪˈɡret]vt.发出（光、热、声音等），射出 [ɪˈmɪt]vt.使能够vt.围住；把…装入信封，附入 [ɛnˈkloz]vt. / n.遇到 [ɛnˈkaʊntɚ]vt.忍受 || vi.忍受；持久 [ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr]vt.实施；强迫vt.占用（时间、精力等）；使从事；使订婚 || vi.(in)参加 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] vt.提高，增加v.扩大vt.启发，开导 [ɪn'laɪtn]vt.充实，使丰富；使富裕，使富有vi.(in, on)入学，加入 || vt.招收，吸收 [ɪn'rəʊl]vt.给…权利；给（书、文章等）题名 [ɪn'taɪtl]vt.参赛的人（或物）；入口处，门厅，河口；登记n.（一连串事件中的）一个事件；片断，连续剧的一集 ['epɪsəʊd] a.相等的 || n.相等物 [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.竖直的 || vt.建造；竖立a.必不可少的；本质的 || n.要素；必需品n.估计；评价 || vt.估计a.永久的，永世的；无休止的；永恒的，永不改变的 [ɪˈtɚnəl] vt.评估 [ɪˈvæljuˈet]n.根据v.（使）演变，（使）发展 [ɪˈvɑlv]v.夸大[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt]vt.超过，越出n.过量；超越 || a.过量的，额外的，附加的a.奢华的；独有的；(of)不包括…的 || n.独家新闻 [ɪkˈsklusɪv] vt.处死；实施 [ˈɛksɪˈkjut]n.主管；（政府的）行政部门 || a.执行的，行政的vt.用（力）；运用 [ɪɡˈzɚt]n.期待；前程[ˈekspekˈteɪʃn]n.价钱；开支；业务费用vt.剥削；利用，开发 || n.业绩，功绩 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]v.勘探；仔细查阅，探索v.暴露；曝光；揭露n.暴露；曝光；揭发[ɪkˈspoʒɚ]vt.延伸；扩展；提供 || vi.伸展；（在范围或应用上）达到n.程度；广度，宽度，大小n.外部，外表 || a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɪriɚ]a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɚnəl]n.目击证人n.设备，便利 [fəˈsɪlɪti]n.能力；系，学科，学院；全体教员 [ˈfækəlti]vi.褪去；逐渐消失；凋谢 ||vt.使褪色a.隐约的；无力的；凋谢 || vi.昏厥 || n.昏厥 [fent]a.极好的；极大的；奇异的a.迷人的a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的n.疲劳 || v.（使）疲劳a.有错误的a.有错误的，有缺点的a.可行的，可用的n.特征；面貌；专题节目；故事片 || vt.突出，由……主演n.反馈，反馈信息a.凶猛的；狂热的n.财政，金融；财源，资金 || vt.为……提供资金vt.闪光；飞驰；闪耀 || n.闪光；闪光灯vi.逃走 || vt.逃离，逃避a.易弯曲的；灵活的vi.茂盛，繁荣 || vt.挥动（以引起注意）v.(on)（使）聚焦 || n.焦点，（注意，活动等的）中心vt.不许vt.伪造（货币，文件等）；锻造a.健忘的，不留心的n.小部分；分数n.次数；经常发生vt.使沮丧；挫败a.基本的 || n.基本原则vt.布置，为……配备家具；供应n.缺口；间隔；差距v. /n. 凝视n.齿轮，（排）档 || vt.使适应，使适合vt.产生（光，热，电等）；引起a.真的，真诚的n.姿势；（人际交往时做出的）姿态 || v.做手势（表示）vi. /n.扫视vi.(at) 怒目而视；发射强光 || n.强光；怒视；炫耀；闪耀vt. / n. 一瞥n.拨款，授予物 || vt.授予n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由a.总的；严重的；粗俗的；臃肿的 || vt.获得……的总收入（或毛利）vt.保证 || n.保证书n.指引，领导n.指导方针a.内疚的；有罪的a.方便的；手边的；手巧的n.海港 || vt.庇护；心怀（怨恨等）n.和谐a.严厉的；毛糙的n.危险，公害 || vt.尝试着做（或提出）；冒风险n.标题n.大字标题；新闻摘要vt.使愈合；调停 || vi.愈合v.犹豫；不情愿vt.强调 || n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件n.视野a.敌对的；敌方的a.谦逊的；地位（或身份）低下的；简陋的 || vt.使谦恭a.理想的；想象的 || n.理想；理想的东西（或人）a.(to, with)相同的；同一的vt.认出，鉴定；(with)把…等同于 || vi.(with)认同n.身份；个性；同一性a.懒散的；空闲的；无用的 || vi.懒散 || vt.(away)虚度（光阴）vt.不顾vt.说明；给…作插图说明n.形象；印象；图像；形象的描述n. / v. 影响；冲击vt.使生效，履行 || n.工具vt.(on)把…强加于；征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）n.发生率n.发生的事；事件v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于，赞同 || n.斜坡a.不能相信的；不可思议的，惊人的n.索引；标志；指数，指标 || vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引vt.标示，指示；表明a.冷漠的；一般的，（表现）平平的a.(to, for)必不可少的vt.引诱，劝；引起，导致a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的vt.推论a.劣等的；下级的 || n.下级a.有影响的，有权势的a.(in)内在的，固有的，生来就有的a.开始的 || n.（性命等的）首字母n.主动性，首创精神；主动的行动；主动权a.(of)清白的；无害的，没有恶意的；天真的n.输入，投入；输入物，输入的数据 || vt.把…输入计算机vt.插入n.洞察力，深刻的见解vt.安装；使就职n.本能；生性vt.侮辱 || n.侮辱，凌辱vt.给…保险；保证a.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的v.(into, with)（使）成为一体n.正直，诚实，诚恳；完整，完全，完善vt.想要；打算使（成为）a.强烈的，紧张的；认真的；热情的n.强烈；强度n.意图，目的n.相互作用vi.(with, in)干涉，介入；妨碍n.内部；[-the]内地 || a.内部的；内地的a.内部的；国内的；内心的vi.口译，翻译 || vt.解释，说明vt.打断，打扰；中止 || vi.打断，打扰n.间隔；幕间（或工间）休息a.亲密的，密切的；私人的 || vt.暗示，提示 || n.至交vt.恐吓，威胁v.侵入，侵略v.调查，调查研究vt.包含；使参与；牵涉vt.使隔离n.问题；发行 || vt.颁布，出版；分发 || vi.流出，发出vt.证明…正当（或有理）vi.落后 || n.滞后，（时间上的）间隔n.风景；风景画；全景 || vt.美化…的景观vt.发动；(into, in)使开始从事n.布局，设计v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄漏 || n.漏洞；泄漏；（消息等的）走漏a.(to)可能的；(for)有法律责任的；(to)易于…的a.心胸宽阔的；（指政治观点上的）自由主义的；慷慨的ad.同样地；也vi.暂住，借宿 || vt.供…以临时住宿 || n.乡间小屋，施舍a.壮丽的；豪华的；极好的vt.维持；维修；坚持；赡养，负担n.维修；抚养费；维持n.管理；管理部门，管理人员a.用手的，手工做的 || n.手册，指南n.页边空白；差额；余地；边缘a.微小的，不重要的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的a.奇迹般的a.大而重的，大块的；大量的a.成熟的；应支付的 || v.（使）成熟a.最高的，顶点的 || n.最大限度，顶点n.机械装置；机制；办法n.新闻媒介，传播媒介a.中等的 || n.媒质；新闻媒介，传播媒介；手段a.纪念的 || n.纪念碑，纪念仪式vt.修理 || vi.恢复健康a.精神的；精神病的；智力的vt. / n.提及a.仁慈的；宽大的a.仅仅的；纯粹的n.长处，价值；功绩 || vt.值得n.凌乱状态；混乱的局面 || vt.弄糟n.少数派；少数民族n.奇迹a.痛苦的；令人难受（或痛苦）的vt.给…错误印象；把…带错路；把…带坏n.使命；代表团n.方式a.中等的；稳健的；有节制的 || v.（使）和缓，（使）减轻a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的n.道德，德行，品行；道德观，道德规范n.（物体的）运动；手势，眼色；提议 || v.（向…）打手势vt.作为…的动机，激励n.动机a.相互的；共同的n.杜撰出来的人（或事情）；神话ad.全国范围内的，全国性的vt.忽视；疏忽 || n.疏忽，玩忽vt.洽谈；顺利通过 || vi.协商a.显而易见的vt.通知，报告n.概念；意图n.目标 || a.客观的n.义务vt.迫使；施恩于；使感激n.障碍（物），妨碍n.时刻；重大（或特殊）活动；时机；起因 || vt.引起vt.占，占用，占领；使忙碌，使从事n.发生的事情；发生a.奇特的；临时的；奇数的；剩余的 || n.可能性，机会vt.冒犯，伤害…的感情；使厌恶；违犯n.口子，洞；（正式的）开始；（职位的）空缺n.敌手；反对者vt.反对a.乐观（主义）的n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事情（或人），选课n.结果n.提纲；外形，略图 || vt.概述；描…外形n.观点；展望n.产量；输出，输出功率 || vt.输出（信息、数据等）n.开始a.突出的；未解决的a.总体的；全部的 || ad.总的来说 || n.工装裤，工作服vt.忽视；宽恕；俯瞰vt.追上，超过；突然降临于vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措 || 征服，制服n.恐慌 || v.（使）恐慌a.部分的；(to)偏爱的；(to)偏向一方的vi.(in)参与n.激情；酷爱n.支付的款项；支付a.奇怪的；特有的n.同龄人，同等地位的人；贵族 || vi.仔细看n.处罚，罚金v.透入，渗入；刺入；洞察n.养老金 || vt.发给…养老金（或退职金、抚恤金等）vt.感知；认识到n.感知（能力）；认识，观念a.永久（性）的n.允许vi.(in)坚持不懈；继续存在n.人格；人物n.[总称]人员；人事部门n.视角；远景；透视画法n.说服（力），劝说 || 信念，信仰a.悲观（主义）的n.阶段；方面；（月）相 || vt.分阶段实行（或计划）n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物n.（政党的）纲领a.有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的n.保证，誓言 || vt.保证，许诺n.故事情节；（秘密）计划 || vt.密谋；绘制…的平面图 || vi.密谋vt.磨光；修改，润色 || n.擦光剂，上光腊n.民意测试；政治选举 || vt.对…进行民意测试n.一部分，一份 || vt.(out)分配vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演vt.造成；提出（问题等），陈述（论点等） || vi.摆姿势（拍照）vt.推迟a.潜在的 || n.潜力a.实际的；切合实际的n.预防，警惕a.在先的a.更可取的n.偏见 || vt.使有偏见；对…不利，损害a.预备的，初步的 || n.初步做法，起始行为n.处方，药方，（医生开的）药；开处方，开药方n.提供；外观，（显示的）图像；报告；表演vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制n.压（力）；强制 || vt.对…施加压力（或影响），迫使，说服ad.大概vi.流行；(over)获胜；(on, upon)说服n.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演；（电影等的）预告（片）a.先，前；(to)在…之前a.原始的；简单的 || n.原（始）人，原始事物n.原则，原理；基本信念a.优先的n.优先（权），重点；优先考虑的事n.特权，优惠n.程序vi.进行；（沿特定路线）行进，（朝特定方向）前进n.过程；工序；（法律）程序 || vt.加工a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的n.（面部或头部的）侧面（像）；传略；轮廓；姿态n.利润 || vt.有益于 || vi.(by, from)得益vt.禁止a.突出的；突起的vt.发扬；提升；宣传vt.促使，推动；提示 || a.敏捷的，迅速的 || n.题词，提示n.证据；校样，样张 || a.耐…的n.财产；房产；性质n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡v.提议；提名；打算；求婚n.前景；景象；有希望的候选人 || vt.(for)勘探n.兴旺，繁荣n. / v.抗议，反对vt.证明，证实 || vi.结果是conj.假如n.供应；准备；条款；给养vt.对…挑衅；激起n.公众的注意，名声；宣传a.严守时刻的vt.继续；追赶；追求v.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 || n.智力测验；难题v.（使）胜任，（使）合格v.停止；离开，辞（职）v.引用 || n.论文；报价；引号n.挂架，搁架 || vi.使痛苦；使紧张，使努力n.幅度 || vi.（在某范围内）变动；(over)论及n.比率a.理智的；合理的ad.乐意地；容易地；很快地a.现实的；实际可行的；逼真的n.界，领域；王国vt.收割，收货；获得，得到n.后部；后方 || a.后部的；后方的 || vt.抚养，饲养，种植a.通情达理的；合理的；（价钱）公道的n.反叛分子，反对者 || vi.反叛；反对vt.回忆起；召回；收回 || vi.记得，回想n.发票；收入，进款；收到n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期vt.认为；(on)指望；测算n.认出；承认；赏识，表彰vt.推荐；劝告；使成为可取vt.使协调；使和解；(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）n.娱乐活动vt.招募（新兵），吸收（新成员） || n.新兵，新成员n.减少；下降vi.(to)涉及；指的是；参考 || vt.引…参考（或查询）vt.精炼；使优美，使完善vt.改革，改造 || vi.改正，改过自新 || n.改革，改造v.（使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力n.拒绝vt.管理；调整vt.增强，增援vt.拒绝；退回 || n.被拒货品，不合格产品vt.传送，传达，转述；中继转播，接替，补充，转运vt. / n.释放；接触；放开；发布a.有关的，切题的a.可靠的n.轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替vt.使轻松；缓解；接替vt.评论说 || vi.(on)谈论，评论 || n.谈论，评论a.值得注意的；异常的n.补救办法；药品 || vt.补救；医治vt.提醒；使发生联想vt.使得；给予；翻译v.继续；（使）更新；延长（…的）有效期v.复制，再现；繁殖vt. / n.请求vt.像n.（住处、座位等的）预订；保留，犹豫vi.辞职 || vt.辞去；(to)使顺从a.(to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的vt.解决；决定；(into)分解 || vi.决定 || n.决心vi.(to)求助，凭借 || n.求助；常去之地n.[pl.]资源；应付办法ad.分别地a.有责任感的；责任重大的vt.恢复；修复；归还vt.阻止；抑制n.抑制；约束措施v.（中断后）重新开始 || n.摘要；简历vt.保留vi.退却；退缩 || n.退却；退缩；隐退处vt.揭露，泄露；展现n.报复 || vt.为…报仇，报…之仇n.（尤指大宗的）收入；（政府的）税收vt.修订；复习 || vi.复习vi.旋转n.报答；报酬 || vt.报答vt.(of)使摆脱a.严格的，死板的；刚硬的n.（宗教等的）仪式；例行公事 || a.例行的n.竞争对手；可与匹敌的人（或物） || a.竞争的vt.抢劫；(of)（非法）剥夺vt.惊起，唤醒n.例行公事 || a.例行的，常规的n.缘故a.令人满意的n.丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨a.缺乏的；稀少的n.惊恐 || vt.吓，使害怕 || vi.受惊吓，感到害怕vt.撒，撒播；使散开 || vi.分散n.风景；舞台布景n.时刻表，日程安排表；清单 || vt.安排，排定n.计划；阴谋 || v.密谋n.（活动，影响等的）范围；机会n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹n.部分；章节；部门；截面a.安全的，牢固的 || vt.得到；使安全，保卫；缚牢n.安全；抵押品；证券vt.寻找，追求；征求（意见），请求（帮助）；试图ad.表面上，看上去n.选择；被挑选出来的人（或物），精选品n.（大学的）研究班，研讨会a.资格较老的 || n.（中学或大学的）毕业班学生a.明知的，合情理的a.敏感的；易受伤的n.会议；（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）n.环境；设定地位置a.完全的；陡峭的 || ad.陡峭地 || vi.(off)急转向，偏离n.掩蔽处；住所；掩蔽 || vt.掩蔽 || vi.躲避v.移动，转移；改变 || n.转换；（轮或换）班n.不足vi.起皱，收缩；退缩 || vt.使起皱，使收缩n.包围，围困n.观光a.相当数量的；重要的；意味深长的n.简单；朴素a.单数的；非凡的n.略图；梗概；素描 || vt.给…的略图；概述vi.撇（去）；掠过；浏览 || vt.浏览，略读vi.跳，蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳 || vt.跳过，略过，漏过 || n.跳，蹦跳a.苗条的；微薄的a.轻微的；纤细的，瘦弱的 || vt. / n.轻视vi.滑落；溜走；下降 || vt.悄悄放进 || n.疏漏a.单独的；独有的 || n.脚底，鞋底，袜底a.严肃的；庄严的，隆重的n.解决；解答；溶液a.老练的；精密的；高雅的n.源（泉）；来源n.一段时间；跨距 || vt.持续；横跨n.火花 || vi.发出火花 || vt.(off)触发a.特定的；明确的 || n.详情vt.明确说明vi.(about, on)推测；投机 || vt.推测v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落 || n.溢出a.精神（上）的；宗教（上）的vi.分裂，被撕裂 || vt.使分裂；劈开，撕裂；分担 || n.裂口；分裂n.发起者，赞助者 || vt.发起；资助；支持n.刺激（物），激励 || vt.激励n.间谍 || vi.当间谍；(on)暗中监视 || vt.发现；侦探，刺探vt.挤出；压榨；捏 || vi.挤 || n.挤；握（手）；拮据a.稳定的；沉稳的 || n.马厩n.全体职工，全体人员 || vt.为…配备（人员）vt.沾污，染色 || n.污迹n. 标桩；利害关系；赌本|| vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险a.不新鲜的；过时的n.立场vt.使惊吓，使吃惊n.地位；情形a.平稳的；持续的；稳重的 || v.（使）平稳vt.驾驶；引导 || vi.驾驶n.茎，干；词干 || vi.(from)起源于 || vt.堵住，止住a.粘性的；（天气）湿热的；困难a.硬的；不灵活的；拘谨的；艰难的；（风等）强烈的 || ad.极其vt.刺激，激励vi.刺 || vt.刺；刺痛；激怒 || n.（昆虫的）蜇刺；刺（痛）vt.搅拌；激起 || vi.微动；（某种感情）产生 || n.激动，骚动n.备料；股票；世系 || v.储备 || a.常用的n.拉紧；极度紧张；张力 || vt.扭伤；尽力使用；紧张n.海峡；[常pl.]困境，窘境，危难vi.大踏步走 || n.大步；步法，步态；[常pl.]进展，进步n.弦，线，一行 || vt.用线串；（用线）悬挂，系住n.（试验等的）对象 || vt.(to)使服从；使遭受vi.潜入水中 || vt.浸没vi.(to)屈服 || vt呈送；主张a.随后的a.可观的；牢固的；实质的n.代用品 || vt.代替 || vi.(for)代替a.微妙的，难于捉摸的；诡秘的，狡诈的；隐约的n.连续；接替a.接连的v.吸，吮a.合适的vt.概括，总结n.峰顶；最高级会议a.极好的，高质量的a.肤浅的；表面的a.上级的；(to)较好的 || n.上级，长官n.增补（物）；增刊 || vt.增补a.最高的；极度的n.过剩 || a.过剩的，多余的vi.投降；(to)屈服（于） || vt.放弃 || n.投降，放弃n.调查；测量；概括论述 || vt.调查；测量vi.活下来，继续存在 || vt.从…逃出；比…活得长vt.暂停；悬n.怀疑，涉嫌；一点儿vt.保持；供养；支持vi.摇摆 || vt.使摇摆；使改变看法 || n.摇摆a.迅速的；敏捷的v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转 || n.摆动；秋千v.转变 || n.开关；转变n.符号；象征vi.同情；赞同n.症状；征兆vt.对付；与…交涉；（足球等比赛中）阻截 || n.阻截；用具a.驯服的；沉闷的 || vt.制服n.目标 || vt.瞄准a.乏味的，冗长的n.脾气；韧度 || vt.调和；使回火a.暂时的n.诱惑vi.易于；趋向 || vt.照管n.趋向a.嫩的 || vt.（正式）提出 || vi.(for)投标 || n.投标a.紧张的；拉紧的 || v.（使）拉紧 || n.（动词的）时态a.末端的 || n.（海、陆、空运输路线的）终点（站）vt.使害怕，使惊吓；使人感到恐怖n.恐怖活动；引起恐怖的人（或事）n.主题，题目n.治疗a.沉思的；体贴的vt.威胁；是…的征兆 || vi.构成威胁，可能发生vi.兴旺，繁荣n.潮汐；潮流vt.容许，承认；容忍n.腔调；风格；色调 || vt.(up)增强a.困难的；坚强的；粗暴的vt.查出；追溯；描摹 || n.痕迹；微量n.灾难；悲剧（艺术）n.交易，业务vt.转移；调动，转学 || vi.迁移；调动，转学；转车vt.改革；变换vt.传播；传送a.透明的；明显的n.条约，协定vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心 || n.颤抖；摇晃a.巨大的；精彩的n.趋向；时新款式vt.修剪；削减；装饰 || a.面条的；整齐的 || n.修剪，整修n.胜利；（胜利或成功的）喜悦 || vi.获胜a.令人烦恼的vt.使缠绕；转动；捻 || vi.旋转；曲折前进 || n.弯曲；转折a.极端的；最后的 || n.终极，极限vt.揭露；揭开…的盖子vt.经历vt.在…下面划线；强调vt.解开；取消a.心神不安的vi.展开，打开；显露，展现 || vt.展开，打开a.唯一的；极不寻常的n.团结；和睦a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的vt.使心烦意乱；打乱 || n.翻倒；（肠胃等）不适 || a.心烦的vt.鼓励；催促 || n.强烈的欲望vt.利用a.未被占用的；（职位、工作等）空缺n.休假 || vi.度假a.含糊的a.徒劳的；自负的。
各类学士、硕士和博士学位英文翻译及缩写
各类学士、硕士和博士学位英文翻译及缩写双语教学2011-03-29 18:36:18 阅读86 评论0 字号：大中小订阅分类词汇：各类学士、硕士和博士学位英文翻译及缩写TAG: 分类词汇学位英语词汇学士Bachelor of Arts B.A. 文学士Bachelor of Arts in Education B.A.Ed., B.A.E. 教育学文学士Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science B.A.CS 计算机文学士Bachelor of Arts in Music B.A.Mus,B.Mus 音乐艺术学士Bachelor of Arts in Social Work B.A.S.W 社会工作学文学士Bachelor of Engineering B.Eng., B.E 工学士Bachelor of Engineering in Social Science B.Eng.Soc 社会工程学士Bachelor of Engineering in Management B.Eng.Mgt 管理工程学士Bachelor of Environmental Science/Studies B.E.Sc., B.E.S 环境科学学士Bachelor of Science B.S 理学士Bachelor of Science in Business B.S.B., B.S.Bus 商学理学士Bachelor of Science in Business Administration B.S.B.A 工商管理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Education B.S.Ed., B.S.E 教育学理学士Bachelor of Science in Engineering B.S.Eng., B.S.E 工程学理学士Bachelor of Science in Forestry B.S.cF 森林理学士Bachelor of Science in Medicine B.S.Med 医学理学士Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology B.S.M.T., B.S.Med.Tech 医技学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nursing B.S.N., B.S.Nurs 护理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nutrition B.SN 营养学理学士Bachelor of Science in Social Work B.S.S.W 社会工作学理学士Bachelor of Science in Technology B.S.T 科技学理学士Bachelor of Computer Science B.CS 计算机理学士Bachelor of Computer Special Science B.CSS 计算机特殊理学士Bachelor of Architecture B. Arch. 建筑学士Bachelor of Administration B.Admin. 管理学士Bachelor of Business Administration B.B.A. 工商管理学士Bachelor of Education B.Ed., B.E 教育学士Bachelor of Fine Arts B.F.A. 艺术学士Bachelor of General Studies B.G.S 通识学士Bachelor of Liberal Studies B.L.S 文理学学士Bachelor of Health Science BHSc 健康科学学士Bachelor of Music B.M., B.Mus 音乐学士Bachelor of Music Education B.M.Ed., B.M.E 音乐教育学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Professional Studies B.P.S专业进修学士Bachelor of Law LL.B 法学士Bachelor of Commerce ., . 商学士Bachelor in Social Work B.S.W 社会工作学士Bachelor of Technology B.T 科技学士Bachelor of Kinesiology B.K., B.Kin 运动机能学学士Bachelor of Landscape Architecture 景观建筑学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Physical B.PE 体育学士Bachelor of Resource Management B.RM 资源管理学士Bachelor ofTheology B.Th 神学士硕士Master of Arts M.A 文学硕士Master of Accounting M.Acc 会计学硕士Master of Arts in Education M.A.Ed 教育学文学硕士Master of Architecture M.Arch 建筑学硕士Master of Arts in Teaching M.A.T 教育文学硕士Master of Business Administration M.B.A 工商管理学硕士Master of Civil Engineering M.C.E 土木工程学硕士Master of Chemical Engineering M.Ch.E., M.C.E 化学工程学硕士Master of Criminal Justice M.C.J 刑事学硕士Master of Divinity M.Div 神学学硕士Master of Engineering M.E 工程学硕士Master of Education M.Ed 教育学硕士Master of Economics M.Ec 经济学硕士Master of Electrical Engineering M.E.E 电机工程学硕士Master of Fine Arts M.F.A 艺术硕士Master of Law M.L 法学硕士Master of Library Science M.L.S 图书馆学硕士Master of Music M.M., M.Mus 音乐硕士Master of Music Education M.M.E., M.M.Ed 音乐教育学硕士Master of Nursing M.N 护理学硕士Master of Public Administration M.P.A 公共行政学硕士Master of Psychology M.Psy 心理学硕士Master of Science M.S 理学硕士Master of Science in Criminal Justice M.S.C.J 刑事理学硕士Master of Science in Education M.S.E., M.S.Ed 教育理学硕士Master of Science in Electrical Engineering M.S.E.E 电机工程理学硕士Master of Science in Library Science M.S.L.S 图书馆理学硕士Master of Science in Medical Technology M.S.M.T 医技理学硕士Master of Science in Nursing M.S.N 护理理学硕士Master of Science in Social Work M.S.S.W 社会工作理学硕士Master of Social Work M.S.W 社会工作学硕士博士Doctor of Arts D.A 文学博士Doctor of Dental Science D.D.S 牙科博士Doctor of Science D.Sc.; Sc.D 科学博士Doctor of Engineering D.E 工程博士Doctor of Education D.Ed 教育学博士Doctor of Musical Arts D.M.A 音乐艺术博士Doctor of Osteopathy D.O 骨科博士Doctor of Social Science D.S.S 社会科学博士Doctor of Veterinary Medicine D.V.M 兽医学博士Doctor of Jurisprudence J.D 法理学博士Doctor of Judicial Science J.S.D 司法学博士Doctor of Business Administration D.B.A 工商管理博士Doctor of Accountancy D.Acc 会计学博士。
常见英语缩略词大全
APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写，即亚太经济合作组织。
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数，指一个人处理逆境的能力。
ATM英文Automatic Teller Machine的缩写，即自动柜员机，又称自动取款机。
BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，公告牌系统或电子公告板。
BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。
CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会。
CATV英文Cable Television的缩写，即有线电视。
CBD英文Central Business District的缩写，又称中央商务区。
CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写，即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。
CD-ROM英文Compact Disk-Read Only Memory的缩写，即光盘只读存储器，也就是人们常说的光驱。
CEO英文Chief Executive Officer的缩写，即首席执行官。
CET英文College English Test的缩写，即大学英语测试。
CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写，即首席财务主管。
CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写，即外国护士毕业生委员会。
CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。
ChinaNET英文Chian Network的缩写，即中国公用计算机网，它是政府建立的计算机网络之一，与之相对应的有中国教育网等。
2010年1月MBA全国考试英语真题和解析
2010 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试卷考生需知1. 选择题的答案须用 2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其他笔填涂的或做在试卷或其他类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
3. 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization‟s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby‟s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching mo re than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‟s sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sot heby‟s and Christie‟s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‟s chief executive, says: “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many col lectors wanted to sell. Christie‟s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed forthis special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was refer red to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundam ental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people‟habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on p eople‟buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‟s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author‟sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‟s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 .(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the la te 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job tr anslated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, …Just wait, you‟ll trun the corner, give it som e time.‟”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
工商管理硕士（MBA）等课程中英文目录_教学英语词汇
工商管理硕士（mba）等课程中英文目录会计学专业（本科）会计学 accounting principles成本会计 cost accounting管理会计 managerial accounting审计学 auditing principles会计信息系统 accounting information systems投资学 investment principles财务管理 financial management货币银行学 money and banking财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement国际金融 international finance国际会计 international accounting财税法规与税务会计 laws and regulations of finance and taxes 预算会计 budget accounting内部审计与政府审计internal auditing and government auditing会计审计实务 accounting and auditing practice经济计量学 economic metrology会计职业道德与责任 accounting ethics and responsibilities会计研究方法 accounting research methods国际会计专题 international accounting special subject微观经济学 microeconomics微积分 calculus统计学 principle of statistics财务学专业（本科）货币银行学 money and banking证券投资学 security analysis and investment财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement国际金融 international finance保险学 insurance财务案例分析 case analysis of finance management 国际财务管理 international financial management 资产评估 assets appraisal项目评估 projects appraisal宏观经济学 macroeconomics财务管理 financial management管理信息系统 systems of management information 运筹学 operational research策略管理 strategic management管理会计 managerial accounting微观经济学 microeconomics管理学 principles of management微积分 calculus统计学 principles of statistics货币银行学专业（本科）货币银行学 money and banking管理信息系统 system of management information 宏观经济学 macroeconomics运筹学 operational research策略管理 strategic management保险学 insurance银行会计 bank accounting管理会计 managerial accounting运筹学 operational research国际贸易 international trade财务管理 financial management国际金融 international finance租赁与信托 hiring and affiancing证券投资学 security analysis and investment商业银行实务 practice of business bank国际结算 international balance项目评估 projects appraisal金融市场学 financial marketing人力资源管理 human resource management财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务案例分析 case analysis of financial management 市场营销学专业（本科）营销管理 marketing management公共关系 public relationship国际贸易 international trade消费者行为 consumer behavior管理信息系统 systems of management information 营销调研 marketing research推销学 sales strategies国际金融 international finance营销预测与规划 marketing forecasting and planning 销售渠道管理 sales channels management国际市场营销 international marketing商业谈判 business negotiation广告管理 advertising management营销案例分析 case studies of marketing国际贸易实务 practice of international trade服务业营销 service industry marketing企业伦理 enterprise ethics新产品开发 new products development管理学 principles of management企业管理专业（本科、硕士、博士）管理学 principles of management微观经济学 microeconomics宏观经济学 macroeconomics管理信息系统 systems of management information产业经济学 industrial economics财务管理 financial management项目评估 projects appraisal战略管理 strategic management管理沟通 management negotiation国际商务谈判 negotiation on business affairs跨国公司专题研究special research of transnational corporation国际贸易 international trade公司组织与管理 organization and management of corporate 国际营销研究 international marketing research战略管理 strategic management生产管理研究 operation management企业伦理 enterprise ethics组织行为学 organizational behavior运筹学 operational research人力资源管理 human resource management国民经济计划与管理专业（硕士、博士）宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis产业组织 industrial organization金融与证券市场研究 security market research财政与税收理论 theories on public finance and tax revenue 国际金融研究international finance research公司组织与管理 organization and management环境与资源经济学 economics of environment and resources 投资与金融理论 theories of investment and finance货币金融管理 money and finance management金融工程 finance project经济计量学 economics metrology统计学专业（硕士）统计学 principles of statistics多元统计分析 multivariable statistics应用统计学 applied statistics微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis应用计量学 applied metrology预测方法与预测技术 forecasting methods and skills国民经济核算 national economic accounting管理信息系统分析 systems of management informatio管理科学专业（硕士）微观经济分析 microeconomics analysis宏观经济分析 macroeconomics analysis多元统计分析 multivariable statistics高级经济计量 advanced economic metrology管理信息系统分析 systems of management information预测方法与预测技术 forecasting methods and skills决策支持系统与专家系统 decision support systems and expert systems面向对象的程序设计 object oriented programming管理科学专题 management science special subject金融工程 finance project应用经济计量学 applied economic metrology工商管理硕士专业（mba）管理学 principles of management管理经济学 management economics营销管理与分析 marketing management and analysis生产与作业管理 production and operation management 财务管理与分析 financial management and analysis宏观经济学 macroeconomics人力资源管理 human resource management国际金融 international finance战略管理 strategic management管理沟通 management communication运筹学 operational research国际贸易 international trade国际财务管理 international finance营销决策与分析 marketing decision and analysis。
华章2010年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生基础班期末考试试题-英语及参考答案
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20 marks)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1. The experiment is very expensive. But _ _succeed, we would be able to make production more efficient.A. should weB. were weC. if should weD. if we2. _ _to me, John would not have failed.A. If he has listened to meB. Had he listenedC. If he listened to meD. Should he have listened3. I didn't go to the party. But I do wish I _ _there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went4. I wished it _ _but it did.A. not occurredB. did not occurC. had not occurredD. would not occur5. I _ _ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A. believeB. deeply thinkC. wishD. suppose6. The chairman requested that _ _.A. the members studied the problem more carefullyB. the problem would be more carefully studiedC. the members had studied the problem with more careD. the problem be studied with more care7. The idea is that we _ _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. will sendB. had sentC. sendD. be sent8.--" Shall I open the window?"--" I'd rather_ _"A. you had better notB. you don'tC. you shouldn'tD. you didn't9. If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dressed, we'd _ _there by now.A. getB. beC. have got atD. have been10.--" Do you want me to lend you some money?"--"I wish you_ _, I can pay you back next week."A. wouldB. didC. mightD. should11. A laser beam can be turned into a _ _ weapon.A. deadB. dyingC. deadlyD. deathly12. I was _ _ when I learnt that your application for the post of secretary had been unsuccessful.A. regrettableB. regrettedC. regretfulD. regrettably13. Weight-lifting is an _ _ exercise.A. exhaustingB. exhaustiveC. exhaustedD. exhaustible14. Tom is the most_ _ pupil in the class.A. industriousB. indulgentC. industrialistD. industrial15. Henry wasn't paid because he was the_ _ secretary of the association.A. honorableB. honoredC. honoraryD. honoring16. Mr. Smith complained about the_ _ air-conditioner he had bought from the company.A. infectiousB. deficientC. ineffectiveD. defective17. We believe that the younger generation will prove_ _ of our trust.A. worthB. worthwhileC. worthlessD. worthy18. The _ _ weight of the box of chocolates is more than the weight of the chocolates alone.A. wholeB. entireC. totalD. gross19. There is nothing that can control speculation, and preserve legitimate theory from _ _ fancy, but a strict adherence to the essential principles of science.A. emptyB. hollowC. idleD. ideal20. "Eric nearly always wins the science award.""That' s because his projects are_ _ ."A. extremely well presentedB. well presented extremelyC. presented well extremelyD. extremely presented wellPart II Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Directions: In this section, there are 4 passages. Each will be followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneThe first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B.C. The games got their name from Olympia, the Greek city where they took place. Like the summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were held every four years.Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch. The main stadium held about 45,000 people. “We have accounts of visitor and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site.” Lisa Cerrato of Tufts University said.During the first Olympics, there was only one competition—a 200-meter race. But over time the games grew to include wrestling, chariot racing, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but they had their own separate games.“The ancient athlete became celebrities(名人), just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners.” Cerrato said, “City-states even tried to steal aw ay each other’s athletes by offering them various awards.”The ancient Olympics existed until A.D.393. But the modern Olympics are still going strong.21. Where did the ancient Greeks hold their first Olympics?A. In Athens.B. In Olympia.C. In a town.D. In a state.22. How did researchers know that ancient Greeks rushed to watch the Olympics?A. Thousands of people came to watch.B. The main stadium is still not big enough.C. They have found the related record of events.D. Many of them were visitor and pilgrims.23. What did women do since they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics?A. They stayed at home doing nothing.B. They organized protests in the city.C. They had their own games.D. They set up tents around the site.24. The ancient athletes must have felt honored when they ___________ .A. completed in a 200-meter race.B. wrestled with each other.C. read the accounts of the games.D. received the treatment of free dinners.25. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that __________ .A. the ancient athletes liked to celebrate their victoriesB. free dinners were offered during the competitionC. city-states competed with each other to win the OlympicsD. awards were often stolen to honor the athletesPassage TwoThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)has announced plans to return people to the moon by 2018．“And this time。
常见英语缩略词大全
英文Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line的缩写，又名网络快车.APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写，即亚太经济合作组织。
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数,指一个人处理逆境的能力。
ATM英文Automatic Teller Machine的缩写，即自动柜员机，又称自动取款机。
BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，公告牌系统或电子公告板。
BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分.CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会.CATV英文Cable Television的缩写,即有线电视。
CBD英文Central Business District的缩写，又称中央商务区。
CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写,即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。
CD—ROM英文Compact Disk-Read Only Memory的缩写,即光盘只读存储器，也就是人们常说的光驱。
CEO英文Chief Executive Officer的缩写,即首席执行官。
CET英文College English Test的缩写，即大学英语测试。
CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写，即首席财务主管.CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写，即外国护士毕业生委员会。
CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。
公共管理工商管理硕士英语词汇excel版本
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[pl] 住处，膳宿vt. 陪伴；为…伴奏（或伴唱）vt. 达到，完成，实现（计划，诺言等）n. 一致；谅解 ||vi. (with) 相符合 ||vt. 给予n. 记述；帐户；解释 ||vi.(for) 说明…的原因vt. 堆积 ||vi. 累积vt. 指控vt. 完成，实现，达到 ||vi. 成功vt. 承认…的权威（或主张）；确认；报偿vt.(with) 使认识，使了解，使熟悉vt. 取得；学到vt. 使适应；修改 ||vi.(to) 适应a. 充足的；胜任的 [ˈædɪkwɪt]vt. 校正；调节 ||vi.(to) 适应n. 准许进入；入场券；承认vt. 收养；采取；批准n. 优点；利益a. 可取的，明智的vt. 拥护 ||n. 拥护者；律师 [ˈædvəˌket] v. 影响n. 喜爱vt. 负担得起；提供a. 侵犯的；有进取心得n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱v. 改变n. 抱负，野心；企望得到的东西n. 周年纪念（日）a. 每年的 ||n. 年报，年刊，年鉴；一年生的植物vt. 预期；提前使用n. 焦虑；渴望ad. [空间、时间方面]成距离；分离 ||a. 分离的n. 道歉vt. 任命；约定vt. 重视；为…表示感激；（充分）意识到 ||vi. 增值v. 靠近 ||n. 靠近；途径；方式a. 适当的 ||vt. 私占；拨出…供专用vt. 赞成；批准 ||vi.(of) 赞成vt. 产生，出现；(from)（由…）引起；起身vt. 引起，唤醒a. 人工的；假的n. 方面；（建筑物的）朝向；面貌vt. 肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持 [əˈsɚt]vt. 对…进行估价；评价，评论 [əˈsɛs]vt. 指派；指定（时间、地点等）；分配n. 帮助n. 假定；承担vt. 使确信；确保vt.达到，获得n./vt.尝试n.吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物vt.(to)把…归因于 || n.属性a.现成可使用的；可取得联系的a.平均的；平常的 || n.平均数，平均 || v.平均vt.授予；裁定 || n.奖，奖品，奖金a.意识到n.平衡；天平；结存 || vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.特价商品；（买卖等双方的）协议 || vi.讨价还价n.栅栏；障碍；屏障vi.表现，举止端庄n.信任；信念a.有益的n.益处；救济金，保险金 || vt.有益于 || vi.得益n.（营业等的）激增；隆隆声 || vi.激增；发出隆隆声vt.提高；推动；替…作广告 || n.提高；推动a.一定的；受约束的；(for, to)准备到…去的n.突破，突破性进展，重要新发现n.种，品种 || vi.繁殖 || vt.饲养；养育；酿成n.预算，预算拨款 || vi.(for)编预算 || vt.规划n.重担；使重负 || vt.加重压于，烦恼；负重vt.取消；抵消；删去n.容量；才能；身份，职位vt.证明；发证书（或执照）给n.艰巨的任务；怀疑；挑战 || vt.反对；向…挑战n.环境；境况[ˈsɚkəmˌstæns]vt.声称；对…提出要求；需要 || n.要求，认领，索赔vt.澄清，阐明 [ˈklærəˌfaɪ]n.线索vi. / n.倒坍；崩溃[kəˈlæps]n.碰撞；冲突n.评论；闲话 || vt.评论n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的义务 [kəˈmɪtmənt]n.同伴，伴侣[kəmˈpænjən]a.(with, to)可比较的；比得上的a.比较的vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把…比作 || vi.相比vt.强迫[kəmˈpɛl]a.有能力的 [ˈkɑmpɪtənt]a.竞争的；好竞争的；（价格等）有竞争力的 [kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv] a.广泛的，综合的vt.包含；构成vt.隐藏vt.承认；（在结果确定前）承认失败；允许 || vi.让步n.关切的事；关心；关系；公司 || vt.涉及；使关心prep.关于n.让步；特许，特许权；承认vt.推断出；结束 || vi.结束；终了v.（使）冷凝；浓缩；简缩v.坦白；承认a.确信的；自信的vt.限制；使不外出 || n.界限vt.证实，肯定；进一步确定，确认；批准n.冲突；战斗 || vi.冲突vt.迎面遇到；勇敢地面对；使对质vt.使困惑；混淆；混乱n.良心 [ˈkɑnʃəns]a.自觉的；神志清醒的；有意的[ˈkɑnʃəs]n.准许 || vi.(to)准许n.结果；重要（性），重大ad.所以，因此n.保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费[ˌkɑnsɚˈveʃən] a.保守的；（式样等）不时新的 || n.保守的人a.相当大（或多）的a.体贴的a.坚持的；一致的vt.组成；设立，任命vt.使缩紧，使收缩，压缩；构筑；建造，建设vt.请教；查阅 || vi.交换意见n.接触 || vt.与…取得联系 [ˈkɑnˌtækt]a.当代的，同时代的 || n.同代人，当代人n.（书等的）内容 || a.满意的 || vt.使满意n.竞赛；争夺 || vt.争夺；对…提出质疑n.背景；语境a.不见断的；多次重复的 [kənˈtɪnjuəl]n.合同 || vt.感染（疾病），染上（恶习）n.矛盾；否认，反驳a.(to)相反的 || n.[-the]相反 [ˈkɑnˌtrɛri]n.对比 || vt.对比 || vi.(with)形成对比 [ˈkɑ:ntræst] vi.捐款；(to)有助于；投稿 || vt.捐，捐献 [kənˈtrɪbjut]n.争论n.习俗；公约；（正式）会议v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰（或态度等）vt.表达；运送vt.使确信vt.调节 || n.坐标 || a.同等的 [ko'ɔrdəˈnet]vi.(with)相符合；(to)相当；通信[ˌkɔrɪˈspɑnd, ˌkɑr-]n.委员会，理事会 [ˈkaʊnsəl]n.律师，法律顾问；忠告 || vt.劝告[ˈkaʊnsəl]n.课程；过程；行动方针；路线；（一）道（菜）n.信贷；赞扬，功劳；学分；信任 || vt.信任；(to)把…归于.a.决定性的；批评的 [ˈkrɪtɪkəl]n..至关重要的 [ˈkruʃəl]vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压n.暗示，信号；提示 || vt.提示vt.耕作，养殖；培养，发展n.好奇（心）；奇物，奇事，古玩n.最后期限n. / v.辩论vi.腐烂；衰败 || n.腐烂；衰败（或衰退）状态vt.欺骗a.像样的；宽厚的；得体的n.宣布；宣言；申报 [ˌdɛkləˈreʃən] n.下降，衰退 || vi.下降；衰退；谢绝 || vt.谢绝vt.击败；挫败 || n.战败；击败n.缺点 || vi.变节vt.给…下定义，解释；限定a.明确的；一定的 [ˈdɛfənɪt]vt.删除 [diˈlit]a.故意的；慎重的 || v.仔细考虑 [dɪˈlɪbərɪt]a.易碎的；棘手的；娇弱的；精美的 [ˈdɛlɪkɪt] vt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生；给予（打击等）；解救vt.论证；说明 || vi.举行示威游行（或集会） [ˈdɛmənˌstret]vt.否认；拒绝给予vi.离开；(from)背离a.(on, upon)依靠的；取决于…的n.定金；存款；沉积物，矿藏 || vt.使沉淀；存放；储蓄 [dɪˈpɑzɪt] vt.使沮丧；削弱；按下n.抑郁；不景气；洼地vt.取得；追溯…的起源（或来由） || vi.(from)起源 [dɪˈraɪv]vi.下来；(from)起源（于）；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至vt.应受a.值得想望的；可取的 [dɪˈzaɪrəbəl]n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物） || vi.(of)绝望 [dɪˈspɛr] a.不顾一切的；极想望的；绝望的n.破坏，消灭vt.发明，策划vt.(to)把…专用（于）；将…奉献给vt.丢弃vt.解雇；排出；卸（货）|| vi.放电 || n.获准离开；放电n.纪律；训练；惩罚；学科 || vt.训练；惩罚 [ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.（价格、债款等）折扣 || vt.把…打折扣vt.假扮；伪装；掩盖 || n.用来伪装的东西（或行动）；假装 [dɪsˈɡaɪz] n.厌恶 || vt.使厌恶vt.排列；使倾向于 || vi.(of)去掉；处理n.争论 || vt.对…表示异议 || vi.争论vi.溶解；消失，减弱 || vt.使溶解；解散，结束a.有区别的；清楚的；明确的 [dɪˈstɪŋkt]vt.转移（注意力），使分心 [dɪˈstrækt] n.痛苦；贫困；危难 || vt.使痛苦vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱a.不同的；多种多样的n. / vt.用文件（或文献）等证明，记载a.本国的；家（庭）的；驯养的 [dəˈmɛstɪk] a.占优势的；居高临下的 [ˈdɑmənənt]vt.支配；俯视 || vi.处于支配地位n.捐款；捐赠vt.下载（计算机用语）vt.排走；渐渐耗尽 || vi.慢慢流掉 || n.耗竭；排水沟 [dren] a.耐用的 [ˈdʊrəbəl, ˈdjʊr-]n.持续，持续期间n.容易，悠闲 || v.缓和 [iz]a.优美的；简练的 [ˈɛlɪɡənt] vt.排除；淘汰 [ɪˈlɪməˌnet]vt.使窘迫vt.拥抱；包括；包围 || n.拥抱vi.(from)浮现；（问题等）发生 [ɪˈmɚdʒ]n.紧急情况vi移居国外（或外地）. [ˈɛmɪˌɡret] vt.发出（光、热、声音等），射出 [ɪˈmɪt] vt.使能够vt.围住；把…装入信封，附入 [ɛnˈkloz] vt. / n.遇到 [ɛnˈkaʊntɚ]vt.忍受 || vi.忍受；持久 [ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr]vt.实施；强迫vt.占用（时间、精力等）；使从事；使订婚 || vi.(in)参加 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] vt.提高，增加v.扩大vt.启发，开导 [ɪn'laɪtn]vt.充实，使丰富；使富裕，使富有vi.(in, on)入学，加入 || vt.招收，吸收 [ɪn'rəʊl]vt.给…权利；给（书、文章等）题名 [ɪn'taɪtl]vt.参赛的人（或物）；入口处，门厅，河口；登记n.（一连串事件中的）一个事件；片断，连续剧的一集 ['epɪsəʊd] a.相等的 || n.相等物 [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.竖直的 || vt.建造；竖立a.必不可少的；本质的 || n.要素；必需品n.估计；评价 || vt.估计a.永久的，永世的；无休止的；永恒的，永不改变的 [ɪˈtɚnəl]vt.评估 [ɪˈvæljuˌet] n.根据v.（使）演变，（使）发展 [ɪˈvɑlv] v.夸大[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt]vt.超过，越出n.过量；超越 || a.过量的，额外的，附加的a.奢华的；独有的；(of)不包括…的 || n.独家新闻 [ɪkˈsklusɪv] vt.处死；实施 [ˈɛksɪˌkjut]n.主管；（政府的）行政部门 || a.执行的，行政的vt.用（力）；运用 [ɪɡˈzɚt] n.期待；前程[ˌekspekˈteɪʃn]n.价钱；开支；业务费用vt.剥削；利用，开发 || n.业绩，功绩 [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]v.勘探；仔细查阅，探索v.暴露；曝光；揭露n.暴露；曝光；揭发[ɪkˈspoʒɚ]vt.延伸；扩展；提供 || vi.伸展；（在范围或应用上）达到n.程度；广度，宽度，大小n.外部，外表 || a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɪriɚ] a.外部的 [ɪkˈstɚnəl]n.目击证人n.设备，便利 [fəˈsɪlɪti] n.能力；系，学科，学院；全体教员 [ˈfækəlti] vi.褪去；逐渐消失；凋谢 ||vt.使褪色a.隐约的；无力的；凋谢 || vi.昏厥 || n.昏厥 [fent]a.极好的；极大的；奇异的a.迷人的a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的n.疲劳 || v.（使）疲劳a.有错误的a.有错误的，有缺点的a.可行的，可用的n.特征；面貌；专题节目；故事片 || vt.突出，由……主演n.反馈，反馈信息a.凶猛的；狂热的n.财政，金融；财源，资金 || vt.为……提供资金vt.闪光；飞驰；闪耀 || n.闪光；闪光灯vi.逃走 || vt.逃离，逃避a.易弯曲的；灵活的vi.茂盛，繁荣 || vt.挥动（以引起注意）v.(on)（使）聚焦 || n.焦点，（注意，活动等的）中心vt.不许vt.伪造（货币，文件等）；锻造a.健忘的，不留心的n.小部分；分数n.次数；经常发生vt.使沮丧；挫败a.基本的 || n.基本原则vt.布置，为……配备家具；供应n.缺口；间隔；差距v. /n. 凝视n.齿轮，（排）档 || vt.使适应，使适合vt.产生（光，热，电等）；引起a.真的，真诚的n.姿势；（人际交往时做出的）姿态 || v.做手势（表示）vi. /n.扫视vi.(at) 怒目而视；发射强光 || n.强光；怒视；炫耀；闪耀vt. / n. 一瞥n.拨款，授予物 || vt.授予n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由a.总的；严重的；粗俗的；臃肿的 || vt.获得……的总收入（或毛利）vt.保证 || n.保证书n.指引，领导n.指导方针a.内疚的；有罪的a.方便的；手边的；手巧的n.海港 || vt.庇护；心怀（怨恨等）n.和谐a.严厉的；毛糙的n.危险，公害 || vt.尝试着做（或提出）；冒风险n.标题n.大字标题；新闻摘要vt.使愈合；调停 || vi.愈合v.犹豫；不情愿vt.强调 || n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件n.视野a.敌对的；敌方的a.谦逊的；地位（或身份）低下的；简陋的 || vt.使谦恭a.理想的；想象的 || n.理想；理想的东西（或人）a.(to, with)相同的；同一的vt.认出，鉴定；(with)把…等同于 || vi.(with)认同n.身份；个性；同一性a.懒散的；空闲的；无用的 || vi.懒散 || vt.(away)虚度（光阴）vt.不顾vt.说明；给…作插图说明n.形象；印象；图像；形象的描述n. / v. 影响；冲击vt.使生效，履行 || n.工具vt.(on)把…强加于；征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）n.发生率n.发生的事；事件v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于，赞同 || n.斜坡a.不能相信的；不可思议的，惊人的n.索引；标志；指数，指标 || vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引vt.标示，指示；表明a.冷漠的；一般的，（表现）平平的a.(to, for)必不可少的vt.引诱，劝；引起，导致a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的vt.推论a.劣等的；下级的 || n.下级a.有影响的，有权势的a.(in)内在的，固有的，生来就有的a.开始的 || n.（性命等的）首字母n.主动性，首创精神；主动的行动；主动权a.(of)清白的；无害的，没有恶意的；天真的n.输入，投入；输入物，输入的数据 || vt.把…输入计算机vt.插入n.洞察力，深刻的见解vt.安装；使就职n.本能；生性vt.侮辱 || n.侮辱，凌辱vt.给…保险；保证a.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的v.(into, with)（使）成为一体n.正直，诚实，诚恳；完整，完全，完善vt.想要；打算使（成为）a.强烈的，紧张的；认真的；热情的n.强烈；强度n.意图，目的n.相互作用vi.(with, in)干涉，介入；妨碍n.内部；[-the]内地 || a.内部的；内地的a.内部的；国内的；内心的vi.口译，翻译 || vt.解释，说明vt.打断，打扰；中止 || vi.打断，打扰n.间隔；幕间（或工间）休息a.亲密的，密切的；私人的 || vt.暗示，提示 || n.至交vt.恐吓，威胁v.侵入，侵略v.调查，调查研究a.看不见的vt.包含；使参与；牵涉vt.使隔离n.问题；发行 || vt.颁布，出版；分发 || vi.流出，发出vt.证明…正当（或有理）vi.落后 || n.滞后，（时间上的）间隔n.风景；风景画；全景 || vt.美化…的景观vt.发动；(into, in)使开始从事n.布局，设计v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄漏 || n.漏洞；泄漏；（消息等的）走漏a.(to)可能的；(for)有法律责任的；(to)易于…的a.心胸宽阔的；（指政治观点上的）自由主义的；慷慨的ad.同样地；也vi.暂住，借宿 || vt.供…以临时住宿 || n.乡间小屋，施舍a.壮丽的；豪华的；极好的vt.维持；维修；坚持；赡养，负担n.维修；抚养费；维持n.管理；管理部门，管理人员a.用手的，手工做的 || n.手册，指南n.页边空白；差额；余地；边缘a.微小的，不重要的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的a.奇迹般的a.大而重的，大块的；大量的a.成熟的；应支付的 || v.（使）成熟a.最高的，顶点的 || n.最大限度，顶点n.机械装置；机制；办法n.新闻媒介，传播媒介a.中等的 || n.媒质；新闻媒介，传播媒介；手段a.纪念的 || n.纪念碑，纪念仪式vt.修理 || vi.恢复健康a.精神的；精神病的；智力的vt. / n.提及a.仁慈的；宽大的n.慈悲；恩惠a.仅仅的；纯粹的n.长处，价值；功绩 || vt.值得n.凌乱状态；混乱的局面 || vt.弄糟n.少数派；少数民族n.奇迹a.痛苦的；令人难受（或痛苦）的vt.给…错误印象；把…带错路；把…带坏n.使命；代表团n.方式a.中等的；稳健的；有节制的 || v.（使）和缓，（使）减轻a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的n.道德，德行，品行；道德观，道德规范n.（物体的）运动；手势，眼色；提议 || v.（向…）打手势vt.作为…的动机，激励n.动机a.相互的；共同的n.杜撰出来的人（或事情）；神话ad.全国范围内的，全国性的vt.忽视；疏忽 || n.疏忽，玩忽vt.洽谈；顺利通过 || vi.协商a.显而易见的vt.通知，报告n.概念；意图n.目标 || a.客观的n.义务vt.迫使；施恩于；使感激n.障碍（物），妨碍n.时刻；重大（或特殊）活动；时机；起因 || vt.引起vt.占，占用，占领；使忙碌，使从事n.发生的事情；发生a.奇特的；临时的；奇数的；剩余的 || n.可能性，机会vt.冒犯，伤害…的感情；使厌恶；违犯n.口子，洞；（正式的）开始；（职位的）空缺n.敌手；反对者vt.反对a.乐观（主义）的n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事情（或人），选课n.结果n.提纲；外形，略图 || vt.概述；描…外形n.观点；展望n.产量；输出，输出功率 || vt.输出（信息、数据等）n.开始a.突出的；未解决的a.总体的；全部的 || ad.总的来说 || n.工装裤，工作服vt.忽视；宽恕；俯瞰vt.追上，超过；突然降临于vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措 || 征服，制服n.恐慌 || v.（使）恐慌a.部分的；(to)偏爱的；(to)偏向一方的vi.(in)参与n.激情；酷爱n.支付的款项；支付a.奇怪的；特有的n.同龄人，同等地位的人；贵族 || vi.仔细看n.处罚，罚金v.透入，渗入；刺入；洞察n.养老金 || vt.发给…养老金（或退职金、抚恤金等）vt.感知；认识到n.感知（能力）；认识，观念a.永久（性）的n.允许vi.(in)坚持不懈；继续存在n.人格；人物n.[总称]人员；人事部门n.视角；远景；透视画法n.说服（力），劝说 || 信念，信仰a.悲观（主义）的n.阶段；方面；（月）相 || vt.分阶段实行（或计划）n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物n.（政党的）纲领a.有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的n.保证，誓言 || vt.保证，许诺n.故事情节；（秘密）计划 || vt.密谋；绘制…的平面图 || vi.密谋vt.磨光；修改，润色 || n.擦光剂，上光腊n.民意测试；政治选举 || vt.对…进行民意测试n.一部分，一份 || vt.(out)分配vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演vt.造成；提出（问题等），陈述（论点等） || vi.摆姿势（拍照）vt.推迟a.潜在的 || n.潜力a.实际的；切合实际的n.预防，警惕a.在先的a.更可取的n.偏见 || vt.使有偏见；对…不利，损害a.预备的，初步的 || n.初步做法，起始行为n.处方，药方，（医生开的）药；开处方，开药方n.提供；外观，（显示的）图像；报告；表演vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制n.压（力）；强制 || vt.对…施加压力（或影响），迫使，说服ad.大概vi.流行；(over)获胜；(on, upon)说服n.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演；（电影等的）预告（片）a.先，前；(to)在…之前a.原始的；简单的 || n.原（始）人，原始事物n.原则，原理；基本信念a.优先的n.优先（权），重点；优先考虑的事n.特权，优惠n.程序vi.进行；（沿特定路线）行进，（朝特定方向）前进n.过程；工序；（法律）程序 || vt.加工a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的n.（面部或头部的）侧面（像）；传略；轮廓；姿态n.利润 || vt.有益于 || vi.(by, from)得益vt.禁止a.突出的；突起的vt.发扬；提升；宣传vt.促使，推动；提示 || a.敏捷的，迅速的 || n.题词，提示n.证据；校样，样张 || a.耐…的n.财产；房产；性质n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡v.提议；提名；打算；求婚n.前景；景象；有希望的候选人 || vt.(for)勘探n.兴旺，繁荣n. / v.抗议，反对vt.证明，证实 || vi.结果是conj.假如n.供应；准备；条款；给养vt.对…挑衅；激起n.公众的注意，名声；宣传a.严守时刻的vt.继续；追赶；追求v.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 || n.智力测验；难题v.（使）胜任，（使）合格v.停止；离开，辞（职）v.引用 || n.论文；报价；引号n.挂架，搁架 || vi.使痛苦；使紧张，使努力n.幅度 || vi.（在某范围内）变动；(over)论及n.比率a.理智的；合理的ad.乐意地；容易地；很快地a.现实的；实际可行的；逼真的n.界，领域；王国vt.收割，收货；获得，得到n.后部；后方 || a.后部的；后方的 || vt.抚养，饲养，种植a.通情达理的；合理的；（价钱）公道的n.反叛分子，反对者 || vi.反叛；反对vt.回忆起；召回；收回 || vi.记得，回想n.发票；收入，进款；收到n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期vt.认为；(on)指望；测算n.认出；承认；赏识，表彰vt.推荐；劝告；使成为可取vt.使协调；使和解；(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）n.娱乐活动vt.招募（新兵），吸收（新成员） || n.新兵，新成员n.减少；下降vi.(to)涉及；指的是；参考 || vt.引…参考（或查询）vt.精炼；使优美，使完善vt.改革，改造 || vi.改正，改过自新 || n.改革，改造v.（使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力n.拒绝vt.管理；调整vt.增强，增援vt.拒绝；退回 || n.被拒货品，不合格产品vt.传送，传达，转述；中继转播，接替，补充，转运vt. / n.释放；接触；放开；发布a.有关的，切题的a.可靠的n.轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替vt.使轻松；缓解；接替vt.评论说 || vi.(on)谈论，评论 || n.谈论，评论a.值得注意的；异常的n.补救办法；药品 || vt.补救；医治vt.提醒；使发生联想vt.使得；给予；翻译v.继续；（使）更新；延长（…的）有效期v.复制，再现；繁殖vt. / n.请求vt.像n.（住处、座位等的）预订；保留，犹豫vi.辞职 || vt.辞去；(to)使顺从a.(to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的vt.解决；决定；(into)分解 || vi.决定 || n.决心vi.(to)求助，凭借 || n.求助；常去之地n.[pl.]资源；应付办法ad.分别地a.有责任感的；责任重大的vt.恢复；修复；归还vt.阻止；抑制n.抑制；约束措施v.（中断后）重新开始 || n.摘要；简历vt.保留vi.退却；退缩 || n.退却；退缩；隐退处vt.揭露，泄露；展现n.报复 || vt.为…报仇，报…之仇n.（尤指大宗的）收入；（政府的）税收vt.修订；复习 || vi.复习vi.旋转n.报答；报酬 || vt.报答vt.(of)使摆脱a.严格的，死板的；刚硬的n.（宗教等的）仪式；例行公事 || a.例行的n.竞争对手；可与匹敌的人（或物） || a.竞争的vt.抢劫；(of)（非法）剥夺vt.惊起，唤醒n.例行公事 || a.例行的，常规的n.缘故a.令人满意的n.丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨a.缺乏的；稀少的n.惊恐 || vt.吓，使害怕 || vi.受惊吓，感到害怕vt.撒，撒播；使散开 || vi.分散n.风景；舞台布景n.时刻表，日程安排表；清单 || vt.安排，排定n.计划；阴谋 || v.密谋n.（活动，影响等的）范围；机会n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹n.部分；章节；部门；截面a.安全的，牢固的 || vt.得到；使安全，保卫；缚牢n.安全；抵押品；证券vt.寻找，追求；征求（意见），请求（帮助）；试图ad.表面上，看上去n.选择；被挑选出来的人（或物），精选品n.（大学的）研究班，研讨会a.资格较老的 || n.（中学或大学的）毕业班学生a.明知的，合情理的a.敏感的；易受伤的n.会议；（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）n.环境；设定地位置a.完全的；陡峭的 || ad.陡峭地 || vi.(off)急转向，偏离n.掩蔽处；住所；掩蔽 || vt.掩蔽 || vi.躲避v.移动，转移；改变 || n.转换；（轮或换）班n.不足vi.起皱，收缩；退缩 || vt.使起皱，使收缩n.包围，围困n.观光a.相当数量的；重要的；意味深长的n.简单；朴素a.单数的；非凡的n.略图；梗概；素描 || vt.给…的略图；概述vi.撇（去）；掠过；浏览 || vt.浏览，略读vi.跳，蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳 || vt.跳过，略过，漏过 || n.跳，蹦跳a.苗条的；微薄的a.轻微的；纤细的，瘦弱的 || vt. / n.轻视vi.滑落；溜走；下降 || vt.悄悄放进 || n.疏漏a.单独的；独有的 || n.脚底，鞋底，袜底a.严肃的；庄严的，隆重的n.解决；解答；溶液a.老练的；精密的；高雅的n.源（泉）；来源n.一段时间；跨距 || vt.持续；横跨n.火花 || vi.发出火花 || vt.(off)触发a.特定的；明确的 || n.详情vt.明确说明vi.(about, on)推测；投机 || vt.推测v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落 || n.溢出a.精神（上）的；宗教（上）的vi.分裂，被撕裂 || vt.使分裂；劈开，撕裂；分担 || n.裂口；分裂n.发起者，赞助者 || vt.发起；资助；支持n.刺激（物），激励 || vt.激励n.间谍 || vi.当间谍；(on)暗中监视 || vt.发现；侦探，刺探vt.挤出；压榨；捏 || vi.挤 || n.挤；握（手）；拮据a.稳定的；沉稳的 || n.马厩n.全体职工，全体人员 || vt.为…配备（人员）vt.沾污，染色 || n.污迹n. 标桩；利害关系；赌本|| vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险a.不新鲜的；过时的n.立场vt.使惊吓，使吃惊n.地位；情形a.平稳的；持续的；稳重的 || v.（使）平稳vt.驾驶；引导 || vi.驾驶n.茎，干；词干 || vi.(from)起源于 || vt.堵住，止住a.粘性的；（天气）湿热的；困难a.硬的；不灵活的；拘谨的；艰难的；（风等）强烈的 || ad.极其vt.刺激，激励vi.刺 || vt.刺；刺痛；激怒 || n.（昆虫的）蜇刺；刺（痛）vt.搅拌；激起 || vi.微动；（某种感情）产生 || n.激动，骚动n.备料；股票；世系 || v.储备 || a.常用的n.拉紧；极度紧张；张力 || vt.扭伤；尽力使用；紧张n.海峡；[常pl.]困境，窘境，危难vi.大踏步走 || n.大步；步法，步态；[常pl.]进展，进步n.弦，线，一行 || vt.用线串；（用线）悬挂，系住n.（试验等的）对象 || vt.(to)使服从；使遭受vi.潜入水中 || vt.浸没vi.(to)屈服 || vt呈送；主张a.随后的a.可观的；牢固的；实质的n.代用品 || vt.代替 || vi.(for)代替a.微妙的，难于捉摸的；诡秘的，狡诈的；隐约的n.连续；接替a.接连的v.吸，吮a.合适的vt.概括，总结n.峰顶；最高级会议a.极好的，高质量的a.肤浅的；表面的a.上级的；(to)较好的 || n.上级，长官n.增补（物）；增刊 || vt.增补a.最高的；极度的n.过剩 || a.过剩的，多余的vi.投降；(to)屈服（于） || vt.放弃 || n.投降，放弃n.调查；测量；概括论述 || vt.调查；测量vi.活下来，继续存在 || vt.从…逃出；比…活得长vt.暂停；悬n.怀疑，涉嫌；一点儿vt.保持；供养；支持vi.摇摆 || vt.使摇摆；使改变看法 || n.摇摆a.迅速的；敏捷的v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转 || n.摆动；秋千v.转变 || n.开关；转变n.符号；象征vi.同情；赞同n.症状；征兆vt.对付；与…交涉；（足球等比赛中）阻截 || n.阻截；用具a.驯服的；沉闷的 || vt.制服n.目标 || vt.瞄准a.乏味的，冗长的n.脾气；韧度 || vt.调和；使回火a.暂时的n.诱惑vi.易于；趋向 || vt.照管n.趋向a.嫩的 || vt.（正式）提出 || vi.(for)投标 || n.投标a.紧张的；拉紧的 || v.（使）拉紧 || n.（动词的）时态a.末端的 || n.（海、陆、空运输路线的）终点（站）vt.使害怕，使惊吓；使人感到恐怖n.恐怖活动；引起恐怖的人（或事）n.主题，题目n.治疗a.沉思的；体贴的vt.威胁；是…的征兆 || vi.构成威胁，可能发生vi.兴旺，繁荣n.潮汐；潮流vt.容许，承认；容忍n.腔调；风格；色调 || vt.(up)增强a.困难的；坚强的；粗暴的vt.查出；追溯；描摹 || n.痕迹；微量n.灾难；悲剧（艺术）n.交易，业务vt.转移；调动，转学 || vi.迁移；调动，转学；转车vt.改革；变换vt.传播；传送a.透明的；明显的n.条约，协定vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心 || n.颤抖；摇晃a.巨大的；精彩的n.趋向；时新款式vt.修剪；削减；装饰 || a.面条的；整齐的 || n.修剪，整修n.胜利；（胜利或成功的）喜悦 || vi.获胜a.令人烦恼的vt.使缠绕；转动；捻 || vi.旋转；曲折前进 || n.弯曲；转折a.极端的；最后的 || n.终极，极限vt.揭露；揭开…的盖子vt.经历vt.在…下面划线；强调vt.解开；取消a.心神不安的vi.展开，打开；显露，展现 || vt.展开，打开a.唯一的；极不寻常的n.团结；和睦a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的vt.使心烦意乱；打乱 || n.翻倒；（肠胃等）不适 || a.心烦的vt.鼓励；催促 || n.强烈的欲望vt.利用a.未被占用的；（职位、工作等）空缺n.休假 || vi.度假a.含糊的a.徒劳的；自负的a.有根据的；有效的。
学位授予门类、学科专业及专业学位名称英文翻译
学位专业名称中英文翻译对照表序号专业学位名称英文名称1金融硕士Master of Finance2应用统计硕士Master of Applied Statistics3税务硕士Master of Taxation4国际商务硕士Master of International Business5保险硕士Master of Insurance6资产评估硕士Master of Valuation7审计硕士Master of Auditing8法律硕士Juris Master9社会工作硕士Master of Social Work10汉语国际教育硕士Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages 11应用心理硕士Master of Applied Psychology12翻译硕士Master of Translation and Interpreting13新闻与传播硕士Master of Journalism and Communication14出版硕士Master of Publishing15文物与博物馆硕士Master of Cultural Heritage and Museology16工程硕士Master of Engineering17临床医学硕士Master of Medicine18工商管理硕士Master of Business Administration19公共管理硕士Master of Public Administration20会计硕士Master of Professional Accounting21旅游管理硕士Master of Tourism Administration22图书情报硕士Master of Library and Information Studies23工程管理硕士Master of Engineering Management24高级工商管理硕士Executive Master Of Business Administration25艺术硕士Master of Fine Arts26口腔医学硕士Master of Stomatological Medicine序号工程硕士领域名称英文名称1光学工程Optical Engineering2材料工程Material Engineering3电子与通信工程Electronics and Communication Engineering 4控制工程Control Engineering5计算机技术Computer Technology6软件工程Software Engineering7化学工程Chemical Engineering8环境工程Environmental Engineering9生物工程Biotechnology Engineering10制药工程Pharmaceutical Engineering11项目管理Project Management12物流工程Logistics Engineering13生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering备注序号代码门类、一级学科及专业名称英文翻译101哲学 PHILOSOPHY 20101哲学 PHILOSOPHY 4010102中国哲学 CHINESE PHILOSOPHY 5010103外国哲学FOREIGN PHILOSOPHIES 6010104逻辑学 LOGIC 7010105伦理学 ETHICS 8010106美学 AESTHETICS 9010107宗教学 RELIGIOUS STUDIES 10010108科学技术哲学 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1102经济学 ECONOMICS 120201理论经济学 THEORETICAL ECONOMICS 13020101政治经济学 POLITICAL ECONOMICS 14020102经济思想史 HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHTS 15020103经济史 ECONOMIC HISTORY 16020104西方经济学ECONOMICS 17020105世界经济WORLD ECONOMY 18020106人口、资源与环境经济学ECONOMICS OF POPULATION, RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT 190202应用经济学 APPLIED ECONOMICS 20020202区域经济学 REGIONAL ECONOMICS 21020203财政学 PUBLIC FINANCE 22020204金融学 FINANCE 23020205产业经济学 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS 24020206国际贸易学 INTERNATIONAL TRADE 25020207劳动经济学 LABOR ECONOMICS 26020208统计学 STATISTICS 27020209数量经济学 QUANTITATIVE ECONOMICS 280202Z1保险学INSURANCE 290202Z2金融工程FINANCE ENGINEERING 300202Z3精算学ACTUARIAL SCIENCES 310202Z4城市经济学URBAN ECONOMICS 320202Z6物流学LOGISTICS 33020224计算金融学COMPUTIONAL FINANCE 3403法学 LAW 350301法学 LAW 36030101法学理论 JURISPRUDENCE 37030102法律史LEGAL HISTORY 38030103宪法学与行政法学C ONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 学科专业名称中英文翻译对照表代码为2位的是学位授予门类，代码为4位的是一级学科名称，代码为6位的是二级学科即专业名称。
英语真题
2011年MBA（工商管理硕士）英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freed om of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has ?1 ?across the Web.Can privacy be preserved ?2?? bringing safety and security to a world that s eems increasingly? 3? ??Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal go vernment a ?4 ?to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identit y” system that would be the high-tech ?5 ?of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled ?6? one. The system might use a smart identi ty card, or a digital credential ?7 ?to a specific computer .and would authe nticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to ?8? a federation of private online identity systems. User cou ld ?9 ?which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts wit h one that would require an Internet driver’s license ??10?? by the governm ent.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sig n-on”systems that make it possible for users to? ?11 ?just once but use man y different services.12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “n eighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a? ?13? c ommunity.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individualsand organizations can complete online transactions with? 14 ?,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ?15? which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has ?16 ?privacy rights activists. Some ap plaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would? 17 ?be a compulsory Internet “driv e’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ?18? by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would s till leave much of the Internet? 19 ?.They argue that all Internet users sho uld be ?20 ?to register and identify themselves, in the same way that driver s must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2．A.for B.within C.while D.though3．A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4．A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5．rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6．A.by B.into C.from D.over7．A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9．A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11．A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12．A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13．A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving peting14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II?? Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choos ing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text? 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest o f the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroti cism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Go ldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, adviser s on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhe re, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief exec utive’s pro posals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside dire ctors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own cris es.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 1 0,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the resea rchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by direct ors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability t hat the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by near ly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and s ubsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that s uch directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade u p.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of av oiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news brea ks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for???????? .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to b e???????? .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside direc tor’s surprise depar ture, the firm is likely to??????? .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside director s???????? .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is??????? .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText? 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle w ere chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitabl e corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeti ng soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian paper s have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit t he most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but oft en returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few ye ars ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists o verboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Som e papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalis ts, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of re venues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly u nusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Dev elopment (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctiv e. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business re porters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less com plete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper b usiness.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper??????? .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably becaus e?????? .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they?????? .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be???????? .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText? 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, goi ng off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively s tylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient livin g. The phrase “less is more” was actu ally first popularized by a German, t he architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before Worl d War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none mo re so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundanc e. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood -materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized t he future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Dri ve, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold C oast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the e legance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equiva lent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not enti rely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,2 00 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890 s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by Ca lifornia Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came fr om the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, th ough most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficie ncy was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the American s’???????? .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design???????? .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Dr ive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text? 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its econom ic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost fa ith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day conver ge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncom petitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about ho w to save Europe’s single currency from disintegrati on is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France an d Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending a nd competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments thatdo not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regi ons and EU mega-projects and even the susp ension of a country’s voting righ ts in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Ge rmany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European e conomic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redist ribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for government s through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures cl ose to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree t o some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corpora te-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and m ake capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that?????????? .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers???????? .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that?????? .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __? __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __? __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:(7选5)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-4 5), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the n umbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the g aps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Such a move could affect firms such as McDon ald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should al so stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, sa id: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up fron t.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zo nes” around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision f or public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creati ng a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we w ill publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.” The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the sa me volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent o f all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google sear ch can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quic kly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these comp uters emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditio ned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closel y and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reducti on, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A?47 Directions:?1. Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instea d.Do not write the address. (10 points)2. write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you shou ld:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)。
工商管理硕士
发展历史
发展历史
复试流程
复试流程
复试的大致流程相似，一般为收到复试通知书，告知考生准备哪些相关复试材料、复试地点及时间等。通常 要完成报道、体检、专业笔试、听力考试以及专业面试和英语口试。但各个学校由于具体要求不同，复试的特点 和侧重点也不同，因此考生在复试前应该了解自己所报考学校的复试规则，以及复试内容、参考书目等。
工商管理硕士
工商管理专业学位硕士
01 发展历史
03 学科发展
目录
02 专业介绍 04 报考条件
05 调剂要求
07 复试调剂
目录
06 课程类型 08 复试流程
基本信息
工商管理硕士，全称为工商管理专业型硕士研究生（英文名：Master of Business Administration，简 称MBA）。是对应工商管理学术型硕士（专业代码120200）的专业学位硕士，该学位的设立，旨在培养未来能够 胜任工商企业和经济管理部门高层管理工作需要的务实型、复合型和应用型高层次管理人才。
谢谢观看
调剂要求
调剂要求
鉴于工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报、工程管理、审计等7个专业初试科目完全一致，为 确保公平公正，今年进一步明确，考生在7个专业间调剂时，在满足其他调剂条件基础上，初试成绩须同时符合调 出专业和调入专业在调入地区的全国初试成绩基本要求。
分数线 2009年MBA国家分数线 A线：155 50 85 B线：145 45 77 C线：135 68 40 2010年MBA国家分数线 A线：165 47 94 B线：155 42 84 C线：145 37 74
MBA联考英语真题及答案
MBA联考英语真题及答案2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试卷考生须知1．选择题的答案须用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2．其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
2007年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.1．His wife has been a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intensefor his organizing 3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enoughability．A．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A．probabilities B．realitiesC．necessities D．opportunities 5．After his uncle died，the young man the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A．prosperous B．preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective 7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic ，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled 9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in aplane crash are said to be incondition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely to international economic fluctuations- A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced 12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objectedD．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairlyand that they have equal to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n) activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft offD．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have todo more than just with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was .A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to it. A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A．more than B．but for C．thanks to D．along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21she’s worried about what she calls’ my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”sh e saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ” senior moments ”o r blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”I s it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“Whe n a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”say s Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”I n fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“A s we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”say s psychologist F ergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’r e a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A．almost B．seldom C．already D．never 22．A．joke B．laugh C．blame D．criticize 23．A．much B．little C．more D．less24．A．since B．for C．by D．because 25．A．memory B．mind C．trouble D．health 26．A．disorganizing B．misplacing C．putting D．finding 27．A．swiftly B．frequently C．timely D．quickly 28．A．mature B．advance C．age D．grow 29．A．broken B．poor C．perfect D．working 30．A．pattern B．time C．space D．information 31．A . why B．how C．what D．when 32．A．since B．hence C．that D．although 33．A．irregular B．better C．normal D．worse 34．A．famous B．senior C．popular D．trained 35．A．as B．till C．though D．yet 36．A．stages B．steps C．advantages D．purposes 37．A．makes B．takes C．does D．spends 38．A．rest B．come C．work D．study 39．A．to B．for C．on D．in 40．A．so B．or C．and D．ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All ofthese forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in .A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help .A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity/doc/2511188590.html,puter technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it . A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are .A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。
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工商管理硕士英语Master of Business Administration in English【课程编号】120117415 【开课单位】商学院【课程性质】学科专业课【开课学期】春季、秋季【课程学时】64 【课程学分】2【主讲教师】田晖【适用对象】在职攻读硕士专业学位研究生【制订教师】田晖【制订日期】2010-03-15一、主讲教师简介（300-500字）1998年毕业于湖南大学外国语学院，获英语语言文学硕士学位.；2009年毕业于中南大学商学院，获管理学博士学位。
2010年1月至2011年1月在美国俄亥俄州立大学访学。
现在中南大学商学院国际经济与贸易系任教，副教授，硕士生导师。
主要从事跨国经营与跨文化管理﹑人力资源管理、企业文化与服务管理等方面的研究。
已在各类学术期刊上发表论文11篇，其中在CSSCI检索源期刊上发表5篇；在CSCD检索源期刊上发表2篇。
主编教材1部：《实用商贸英语听说教程》；出版专著1部：《多维视角的企业文化建构与创新》。
获国家社会科学基金项目1项，省部级科研成果两项。
2002年开始从事研究生英语教学。
讲授的主要课程有：工商硕士研究生学位英语、英语听说和经贸资刊选读等。
二、预修课程大学英语精读、大学英语听力三、课程简介（300-500字）工商管理硕士(MBA)学位是一种培养我国工商界、金融界应用型、综合型高级管理人才的学位。
工商管理硕士英语是工商管理硕士(MBA)位的必修课程，也是MBA整体教学体系中的一个重要环节。
本课程教学旨在提高学员在实际工作情景中综合运用英语进行交流的能力，能顺利地阅读本专业的英语材料，获取所需信息，了解和熟悉当代社会经济、管理和科学技术发展的动态，并能运用英语进行基本的商务活动。
通过本课程的学习，学员能提高阅读能力、商务写作能力和翻译能力，能听懂本专业的英语学术报告，并能就相关话题简要发言。
四、教学目的与要求（300-500字）本课程的主要教学目的是帮助MBA学员熟练掌握英语的词法、句法，提高学生的语篇理解能力，与此同时培养学生的英语应用能力，力求在听说能力方面取得突破。
具体要求如下：(1)词汇：理解性掌握5000个左右的常用单词及词组，复用式掌握2500个左右的基本词，认知120个左右的常用词根和词缀，并能根据基本的构词法识别派生词，掌握本学科所需的常用的专业词汇。
(2)语法：能较熟练地运用语法知识，尤其是动词时态、语态和语气，能理解常见的长难句。
(3)阅读能力：能综合运用英语语言知识和各项阅读技能，较顺利地阅读并正确理解一般性题材、语言难度中等的相关文献资料，阅读速度达每分钟60至70个词；能够理解文章中心思想及主要内容，领会作者的意图和态度；能顺利阅读本专业的英语资料，速度每分钟80至100个词，理解正确。
(4)写的能力：能运用基本写作技巧，按具体要求，在1小时内写出250至300个词左右的短文，文字要切合主题，语义连贯，无重大语法错误；能用英文书写论文摘要、商务函电分析等，正确表达思想，条理清楚，文理通顺，无重大语言错误。
(5)译的能力：能借助词典，将本专业的资料进行英汉、汉英互译，英译汉的速度达每小时350个英文词，要求理解正确，译文通顺达意；汉译英一般难度的材料，速度每小时250个左右汉字，要求译文通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语言错误。
(6)听的能力：对题材熟悉、难度不大、基本上没有生词、语速为每分钟140至160个词的听力材料，一遍可以听懂，理解的准确率不低于70％；能听懂本专业的学术报告，做简要笔记，并能就报告内容进行提问。
(7)说的能力：能进行简单的日常会话，经事先准备能就所讨论的问题特别是本专业的课题，进行3至5分钟的连续性发言，表达思想基本清楚。
五、教材或讲义（含其它教学资源）[1]沈金华、易文编著. 工程硕士研究生英语综合教程. 中南大学出版社，2008；[2] 自制多媒体课件[3]网上英语原版阅读材料六、参考书目[1] 田晖，骆莲莲等主编.实用商贸英语听说教程. 中南大学出版社，2007[2] 罗立胜,何福胜.工程硕士研究生英语基础教程. 清华大学出版社, 2006七、教学内容（授课内容至少详细至二级标题，实验课、讨论课写出项目或主题）Unit 1 The Road to SuccessI Teaching Objectives:1.1. To get to know the road leading to success.2. To have a deeper understanding of the meaning of life.3. To learn more information about the authorII Language Points:1. From rags to riches2. Man who dies rich dies disgraced3. The boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand atthe broom.III Grammar: 5 Basic Sentence PatternsUnit 2 Health: Giant Step toward WellnessI Teaching Objectives:1.To acquire the information or knowledge of how moderate and regular exercise benefits people.2.To develop and promote the habit of doing exercise properly.3.To learn the writing techniques of expository essay: the use of quotation and comparison.II Language Points:1.…to stay active: to be active in exercise2.Research has proven that…: similar structures:3.Studies have shown that…Statistics have shown that…Research shows that…The report says that…3. It’s no accident that…: It happens or occurs naturally that …4. your immune system is in fighting shape:5. It’s no accident that…: It happens or occurs naturally that …III Grammar: the Agreement between Subject and VerbUnit 3 Economic Globalization－A Major Trend in Today’s WorldI Teaching Objectives:1. To get to know more about economic globalizationo di2. To discuss the pros and cons of globalizationo le 3. To learn the writing techniques of expositionII Language Points:1. In other words, the integration and fermentation of multi-polarization of the worldpattern proceeded almost simultaneously with the rapid expansion of economic globalization.2. 2.This process takes developed countries as the guide, ……3. Two major characteristics are worth noticingIII Grammar: Tense and MoodUnit 4 Being a Smooth MotivatorI Teaching Objectives:1.To get to know some good ways to motivate your child2.To appreciate the importance of being a smooth motivator3.To get to know the functions of dash4.To learn the writing techniques of examplesII Language Points:1.Physical force or threats may make children do as they're told in the short term but theircompliance will last only as long as the threat is relevant.‖2.…but it won’t work on teenagers,…3.… self-esteem is at the heart of self-motivation …4.Challenge their negative talk and make sure you’re not too stressed to see the ―silver lining‖, too. III Grammar: Subjunctive MoodUnit 5 What is FashionI Teaching Objectives:1. To get some knowledge about fashion and thus form a correct view on it2. To learn how to write an expositionII Language Points:1. Fashion, which is as old as time and as new as tomorrow, is one of the most powerfulforces in our lives.2. It is only in retrospect that fashion changes seem marked or sudden.3. Even today (when the rate of fashion change has accelerated sharply), the pace ofchange is really slower than it appears to the unskilled observer (who has failed to noticethe early evolutionary movements in a new direction).III Grammar: Compound SentenceUnit 6 A Glimpse of the Secrets of LifeI Teaching Objectives:1. To get to know what gene and gene therapy are2. To learn something about how gene therapy has influenced our life3. To learn how to use gene to benefit human bingesII Language Points:1. The notion that one gene equals one disease, or that one gene produces one key protein, is flying out of the window.2. But it could work equally well in the opposite direction: the complex interactions between genes may make it harder to cure disease by changing one or two of them, for example through gene therapy.3. The unexpectedly low number of human genes would be good for medicine, since there are fewer genes to understand.III Grammar: InversionUnit 7 Why We Love Who We Love？I Teaching Objectives:1.To appreciate some meanings of love2.To practice discussing the reasons why one loves a certain person3.To learn the writing techniques of cause and effect, comparison and contrast and illustrationII Language Points:1. you can’t figure out why2. One of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according toJohn Money, professor emeritus of medical psychology and pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University, is what he calls our ―lovemap‖– a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes.3.They will likely grow up warm and responsive lovers…III Grammar: the Usage of AsUnit 8 At Home On EarthI Teaching Objectives:1. To get to know some possible consequences of environmental problems.2. To learn some something about sustainable design.3. To discuss how we can build our own green houseII Language Points:1．promising landscape2．...dictate the temperature3．It’s for the hair-shirt brigade, rather unpalatable, like eating broccoli.4．…modify the design5．More than 100,000 CD-ROMs illustrating these projects were recently sent out to architects and developers in an EU-sponsored initiative to raise awareness of what can be done.III Grammar: Attributive ClausesUnit 9 No Net? We’d Rather Go Without Food.I Teaching Objectives:1.To get to know findings in the research work on Internet use2. To learn how the Internet has influenced our life3. To learn how to write a reportII Language Points:1. The first report would have landed on the desk with a resounding thump, had it not arrived in a PDF digital file…2. It’s only been a decade since the first decent Web browser began transforming the Net…3. ..… make it through 14 days without Google, Outlook, Rhapsody and the Wonkette.III Writing Skill: How to Write LettersUnit 10 Managerial CaricaturesI Teaching Objectives:1.To have a look at the images of managers from different countries2.To discuss the outstanding characteristics of Chinese managers3.To learn to write an effective descriptionII Language Points:1. Our ideas may even be caricatures with features and peculiarities exaggerated for comic or grotesque effect.2.…jealous of their social status : anxiously protective of their social status.3.The ranking executive is expected to pull rank and give orders—or what is the point in having that rank?4. Being neurotic about punctuality, they begin (and end) meetings exactly when scheduled.III Writing Skill: How to write applications八、学时分配本课程总共64学时，分两学期完成，其中讲授56学时，模拟交际活动4学时，复习与考试4学时，具体学时分配如下表：九、考核方式本课程的考核分为平时考核（30%）和期终考核（70%）两部分。