托福写作技巧精讲

写作技巧第一讲

——七个句子成分

一、主语

1. 句子要说明的人或事物。

2. 名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、what从句、that从句、how从句等

3. 动词原形不能做主语。

练习：主语成分

1.Some towns, cities, regions(区域) and countries seem to have better education than others.

2. Fifty years ago in the UK, getting good grades and scoring high on tests were important but not critical(至关重要的) to life chances.

3. It is important to keep calm and carry on while working under pressure.(主语后置)

4. It is certainly true that scientists are gaining a clearer understanding of the outer space, thanks to many years of research and better data.(主语后置)

5. It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.

二、谓语

1. 说明主语的动作、状态或特征。

2.永远只能由动词构成。

练习：谓语成分

1.Today many local and national newspapers carry advertisements and information about holidays.

2.Spending time with other children and sharing experiences can make children more sociable(喜欢社交的).

三、宾语

1.宾语表示动作行为的对象。

2.跟在及物动词之后。

3.名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句等。

4.当动词是be (am, is, are) 动词时，be动词后面的名词或形容词也可以做表语。

练习：宾语成分

1.Some adults use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends.

2.A good writer does not just concentrate on the words, phrases and grammar that he/she uses, but his/her thoughts as well.

3.The world inside the school walls is different from the world outside those walls. (形容词做表语)

4.The main concern is the type of computer activities that attract children.

四、定语

1.修饰名词的成分。

2.最常用的是形容词。

3.句子来修饰名词=定语从句。

练习：找出定语成分

1.Employees need to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work.

2.In addition, the government should fund the parental(家长的) support.

3.They are more important to our well-being and our future than the stars who earn their fortunes so quickly.(定语从句)

五、状语

1.修饰动词、形容词或全句。

2.副词、介词短语、分词短语、动词不定式。

3.状语提前。

练习：找出状语成分

1.The majority of stars do not hold their top positions long.

2.They are generally more confident than children who stay at home with their parents.

六、补语

1.主要是宾补。

2.V. + n. + n. / adj. 中的n. / adj.部分。

3.常见：find/ make/ render

练习：找出补语成分

1.Many people find their rewards(回报)unfair, especially when comparing these salaries with those of top surgeons(外科医生) or research scientists.

2.The recent graduates found the job market frustrating because of the economic recession(经济衰退).

3.Some individuals are concerned the Internet will make/ render international tourism obsolete(过时的).

七、同位语

1.常常是一个名词后跟一个短语，解释说明这个名词。

1.Social sciences, the sciences that deal with human life, came into being (形成) in Europe in the early nineteenth century.

2.Job satisfaction, a very important part of an employee's sense of wellbeing, can be promoted in most jobs.

写作技巧第二讲

——三种句子

一、简单句

1.主谓宾

2.主+ 谓（谓语是不及物动词，不能接宾语）

例句：

Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.

The value of experiments is not limited to sciences.

二、并列句

1.主谓宾+ 主谓宾

2.中间用and / or / but串联

例句：

Today most work is done by teams of people and all of them have different strengths and weakness.

Schools are the main formal institutions of society but their structure are designed