独立主格重点讲座及针对练习题
独立主格结构知识点及例题
独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂，主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动和已完成）e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词（常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态）e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.）Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. （=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。
独立主格结构总结及练习
独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是一种特殊的结构，前一部分是名词或主格代词（作为逻辑主语），后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。
它有以下几个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候，通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。
二、独立主格结构的三种类型：（一）非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
用名词(代词)+现在分词时，名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。
有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
b) He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。
英语独立主格结构及学习难点(习题及答案)可编辑全文
独立主格结构精炼【模拟试题】一、单项填空1. －Oh, it’s you, Steve! I ______ you.－No surprising. I’ve just had my hair cut.A. don’t recognizeB. haven’t recognizedC. didn’t recognizeD. hadn’t recognized2. The people, _________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes3. I’m glad to see that you ________ a lot of progress since I ______ you last.A. will make; have metB. have been making; metC. had made; metD. have made; meeting4. －Where can I get _______ information about a long journey?－Nothing is of _________ than a map, I think.A. an; greater helpB. a piece of; greater priceC. some; better usefulD. some; greater value5. You’re not _______ to park here _______ you have a permit.A. allowed; unlessB. permitted; in spiteC. let; sinceD. agreed; even if6. It’s ________ a long time since I started to teach at this school.A. quiteB. muchC. prettyD. so7. －Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher?－Yes. I gave it to him _________ I saw him.A. onceB. whileC. ifD. the moment8. He was ________ for work, for he could not imagine life without it.A. expectedB. worriedC. eagerD. proud9. I ______ from the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn’t seen for ten years.A. figured outB. picked outC. gave outD. went out10. I believe the child _________.A. to tell trueB. to have told the truthC. having the truthD. having told the truth11. Jack _________ the test again; in that case, his father will be very disappointed.A. must have failedB. might failC. should failD. could have failed12. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.A. I was givenB. GivenC. To be givenD. Though I was given13. Our doctor always talks to me _________ a teacher talking to a child.A. as same asB. howC. likeD. similar as14. －Johnson, there’re a lot of chairs over there. Go and fetch _________ for me.－Why _______? Mike is sitting there doing nothing.A. one; meB. that; not heC. it; not himD. some; I15. －Let me help you carry your travel case to the station, Granny.－Oh, no, my boy. It is ____________ heavy. _______.A. so; What a good boyB. not so; Thanks a lotC. rather; How kind of youD. not too; Thank you anyway.二、完形填空Most children with healthy appetites（食欲）are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them. A child seldom dislikes food 16 it is badly cooked. The 17 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 18 served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child 19 he likes or dislikes a food and never 20 likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 21 else to do so. If the father says that he hates fat meat or the mother 22 some vegetables in the child’s hearing he is 23 to copy this action.Parents should accept the fact that he likes everything and he probably 24. Nothing healthful should be omitted （删除）from the meal because of a 25 dislike. At meal times it is a good 26 to give a child a small part and let him 27 back for a second helping rather than give him as 28 as he is likely to eat 29 . Do not talk too much to the child 30 meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not 31 him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will 32 learn to swallow his food 33 he can hurry back to the toys in his room. On 34 condition must a child be coaxed （哄骗）35 forced to eat.16. A. if B. until C. that D. unless17. A. production B. process C. way D. method18. A. immediately B. attractively C. eagerly D. anxiously19. A. whether B. what C. that D. which20. A. agree B. tell C. discus D. argue21. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody22. A. opposes B. refuses C. admit D. digest23. A. willing B. possible C. forced D. likely24. A. should B. may C. will D. must25. A. supposed B. proved C. considered D. related26. A. point B. custom C. idea D. plan27. A. ask B. come C. return D. take28. A. much B. little C. few D. many29. A. all the best B. over and over C. not at all D. all at once30. A. on B. over C. by D. during31. A. agree B. allow C. force D. persuade32. A. hurriedly B. soon C. fast D. slowly33. A. so B. until C. while D. although34. A. some B. any C. such D. no35. A. or B. nor C. but D. neither三、阅读理解ALarry Bird was born in 1965 in a small town in the middle western State of Indiana. He was tall, and always good at playing basketball. He attended Indiana State University. Bird led the team into the College Basketball Championship Game.After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional（职业的）basketball for the Boston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career（生涯）. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the Year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 points in just one game.During his very successful basketball career, Larry Bird suffered a number of injuries. In 1989, he stopped playing because of pain in his feet. He returned in 1990, but the pain in his feet returned too. In the next twoyears he experienced more medical problems, and he missed many games.Larry Bird did play on the Dream Team－the first Olympic Team with professional players. However, after winning the gold medal in Barcelona, he announced that he would retire（退役）from professional basketball. Larry Bird said he would have liked to play a little longer, but he could not because of his health problems. He also said it was a good time to leave the game. He wanted to be remembered as a winner.36. The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird _______.A. was named the Most Valuable Player of the YearB. was strong and tallC. was good at shooting basketsD. was the oldest player of the team37. The underlined word “score” in the second paragraph means ________.A. lostB. gotC. madeD. wrote38. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ________.A. Larry Bird began his career soon after his graduation from the college.B. He lost interest in play basketball after he retiredC. Though he left the team, he didn’t feel too much regret.D. He thought it a right decision to leave the team.39. What team did Larry Bird join during his professional career? ________.A. The Dream Team.B. The Indiana State University Team.C. The Boston Celtics.D. An unknown team.BA world of chanceThe New York Times is now better than ever－All the more reasons to order home delivery now.NEW－Separate sections（版面）for the Arts, Monday through Thursday, and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out, take with you or pass along.NEW－The Dinning In, Dinning Out section, Wednesday, a banquet（宴会）of great meals you can make yourself, order up or eat out.NEW－The House & Home section, Thursday, filled with useful, interesting features（特别报道）and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW－An Enlarged, two-part Weekend section, Friday with more ideas about movies, shows, art exhibitions, outdoor and indoor recreation.Latest news and sports results daily. And of course, daily world and national news, Sunday’s special sections and all the other great features you’ll continue to find in the Times.Find out just how much YOU can obtain from the Times every day.Call 1－800－311－1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50％OFF out regular price.40. If you want to find out the more information of films you should _________.A. call 1-800-311-1969B. go over the House and Home sectionC. read the Art sectionD. read Weekend section41. If you want to order home delivery, you may ________.A. use the order cardB. send E-mail to the sales officeC. telephone sales manager of the TimesD. pay for the postage yourself42. From the passage we know that _______.A. the Times sells at a lower price than beforeB. the Times has improved a great deal and everyone likes to read itC. many of the good features of the Times remain unchangedD. you will learn everything by reading the Times every day43. The owner of the passage advertises ________.A. to introduce the new sectionsB. to announce the new sections of the TimesC. to make known his new plan of the TimesD. to persuade people to buy the Times CPackaging（包装）is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products－or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has “Economy（经济）Size” or “Family Size” printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit. The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.44. As used in the first paragraph, the word “motivate” most probably mean _______.A. making one believe what he does is justB. providing a story that makes one movedC. supplying a thought or feeling that makes one actD. making one deep in thought45. “A buyer will get something for nothing” most probably means that ________.A. a buyer will not get what he wants toB. a buyer will gain more than he losesC. a buyer will get what he pays forD. a buyer will get something useful free of charge46. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? ________.A. On seeing a well-designed container, a buyer often neglects（忽略）what is inside it.B. A buyer is also attracted by the size of the container.C. Children are often made to buy a product by its package with attractive pictures.D. Package is often a successful advertisement.47. What suggestion does the author give in the passage? ________.A. The best choice for buyer is to get a product in a plain package.B. A buyer should get what he needs most.C. Do not buy the product which is sold in a glass or dish.D. The quality of a container has nothing to do with the quality of the product.DFor some time it has been widely accepted that babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological（生理的）“drives”as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful effects.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began go study he children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “turned on ”the lights－and indeed that they are able to learn quite difficult turns to bring about this result, for example, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek’s lights were placed directly in front of the babies and he noticed that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile” when the lights came on. Papousek concluded that it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a basic human need to make sense of the world and bring it under control.48. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.A. are directly related to pleasureB. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of successD. will satisfy their curiosity49. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.A. would make learned responses when it saw the milkB. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC. would continue the simple movements without being given milkD. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink50. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _______.A. have the lights turned onB. be rewarded with milkC. please their parentsD. be praised51. The babies would “smile” at the lights because _______.,A. they need not turn back to watch the lightsB. they succeeded in “turning on” the lightsC. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”D. the sight of the lights was interesting【试题答案】1. C2. B3. B4. D5. A6. A7. D8. C9. B 10. B 11. B 12. A13. C 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D46. A 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. B独立主格结构1 I send you 100 dollars today,the rest __in a year.A followsB followedC to followD being followed2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent __at theend of last March.A has been launchedB having beenlaunchedC being launchedD to belaunched3 The speech ____,a lively discussion started.A being deliveredB was deliveredC be deliveredD having been delivered4 Night ___,we hurried home.A fallsB to fallC fallenD falling5 The meeting ___over ,we all left the room.A isB to beC beingD would be6 The murderer was brought in,with his hands ___behind the back.A being tiedB having tiedC to be tiedD tied7 I send him most of the books ,the remaining __in a month.A followsB followedC to followD being followed8 The fish ___bad ,the childten left much of it___A tasted;untouchingB tasting;untouchedC tasting ;untouching Dtasted;untouched9 Mr. Smith flew to New York this morning,his assistant ___him there this Saturday.A joiningB to joinC will joinD wants to join10 ___from what you say,he ought to succeed.A JudgedB JudgingC When you judgedD Because you judged11 ___Sunday,rather than __at home,I preferred___.A It being ,stay;to travelB Being ;to stay;to travelC Having been;stay,travelD Itwas ;to stay;travel1 CBDDC 6 DCBBB 11 A。
2023高考 丨 高中英语重点语法-独立主格结构专项练习
如何区分独立主格结构和非谓语动词独立主格结构：不是主谓完整的简单句，其形式是：名词/名词短语/代词+不定式/动词-ing形式/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语非谓语动词：指句子中不是谓语动词的动词，主要包括不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词）Ps:非谓语动词做定语，状语与补语；独立主格结构只做状语。
小妙招：判断独立主格结构就看有没有一个逗号连接的两个简单句，每个句子都有两个不同的主语，这时其中一个句子的谓语动词一定要用非谓语形式一、单项选择1．It is said that the project will cost$580million,half coming from investors, the rest________.A．to borrowB．to be borrowedC．borrowingD．being borrowed【答案】B【详解】考查独立主格结构。
句意：据说这项工程将耗资5.8亿美元，其中一半来自于投资方，剩下的将要贷款。
分析句子成分可知，此处为独立主格结构，且表示将来的动作，应用“名词+不定式”，the rest与borrow构成被动关系，应用to be done形式。
故选B。
2．________,we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A．Weather permittingB．If permittedC．If permittingD．Weather permits【答案】A【详解】考查独立主格结构。
句意：如果天气允许，我们就去参观长城。
分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，所以用独立主格结构。
weather 与permit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。
故选A。
3．After______by the heavy deluge,Henan province suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots,many tourists______in the disaster region. A．struck,were trappedB．being struck,trappedC．struck,having been trappedD．having been struck;were trapped【答案】B【详解】考查非谓语动词。
独立主格讲解与练习
语法专项：独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
⚫独立主格结构的逻辑主语独立存在⚫独立主格结构在句子中充当状语，定语和补语⚫独立主格结构可以转换为状语从句，定语从句和并列句。
⚫独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
1.逻辑主语+现在分词Time permitting, we will discuss more questions. 如果时间允许的话，我们将讨论更多的问题。
2.逻辑主语+过去分词The bag lost, he had no money now. 由于书包丢了，他现在没有钱了。
3.逻辑主语+不定式Lots of homework to do, I must do it now. 家庭作业有很多，我现在就得做了。
4.逻辑主语+名词Many children are reading here, most of them Chinese. 许多孩子都在这里读书，他们大多数是中国人。
5.逻辑主语+形容词He reads books here, his hands big and fat. 他在这里读书，他的手又大又胖。
6.逻辑主语+副词He pulled on his coat, wrong side out. 他穿上他的外套，结果穿反了。
7.逻辑主语+介词短语He sat there, his eyes on her back. 他坐在那里，眼睛望着她的背影.8.With, without+复合宾语的结构1)With + 名词或代词+ 现在分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her. 这么多人看着她，她感到非常紧张。
2)With + 名词或代词+ 过去分词The boy was sad with the bike broken. 单车坏了，这个男孩很伤心。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点：独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A．用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
（一）独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.5．名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。
高考独立主格讲解及练习
高考独立主格讲解及练习高中英语语法讲义-------独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。
（3）主要用于书面语。
（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。
（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。
此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋being ＋名词，其中being 是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being不能省略。
名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。
①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗，一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具，他把整本书翻译成了英语。
③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.（句中的being不能省略）因为是星期天，我没有上课。
独立主格结构(精讲精练 翻译练习)
独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
●独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
●独立主格结构类型：● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.名词/代词+现在分词（doing）Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式（由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态）His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中，又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝，其中许多都是中国人。
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习
（完整版）独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词例句：The storm drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作：原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea，the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。
（call it a day今天到此为止）例句：Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作：伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：ftime permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词（代词）+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]
![独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c52d003d4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028915f8535.png)
独立主格结构完美总结（附习题）[5篇材料]第一篇：独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)温新堂个性化VIP一对一教学独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
独立主格结构练习题及解析示例
独立主格结构练习题及解析示例练题
1. 吃完晚饭，她回房间睡觉。
2. 下了课，他去图书馆借书。
3. 天气变冷了，他买了一件厚外套。
4. 收到好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
5. 放学后，他和朋友们一起去打篮球。
解析示例
1. 吃完晚饭，她回房间睡觉。
这个句子中，"吃完晚饭"是独立主格结构，表示她做完这个动作后，才回房间睡觉。
2. 下了课，他去图书馆借书。
"下了课"是独立主格结构，表示他完成了这个动作后，才去图书馆借书。
3. 天气变冷了，他买了一件厚外套。
"天气变冷了"是独立主格结构，表示天气变冷时，他才决定购买一件厚外套。
4. 收到好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
"收到好消息"是独立主格结构，表示他收到好消息后，高兴地跳了起来。
5. 放学后，他和朋友们一起去打篮球。
"放学后"是独立主格结构，表示放学后，他和朋友们一起去打篮球。
以上是独立主格结构的练习题及解析示例。
独立主格结构常用来表示主要动作发生之前或之后的时间、条件、原因等。
通过练习和掌握这些例句，可以更好地理解和运用独立主格结构。
独立主格结构讲解及题目
独立主格结构1一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如：1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
)独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如，上述例句可变为：1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词(短语)外，还有如下特殊构成形式。
独立主格重点讲座及针对练习题
所以在语法上不是句子，独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。
独立主格之所以不叫独立主语，就是因为该名词或代词与后面的其它部分有逻辑上的句子关系，但无论长短，都不能构成句子，当后面是非谓语动词时，前面与后面能够构成逻辑上的偶尔作定语，使用时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑主谓关系。
如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑动宾关系（逻辑谓宾关系）。
可以理解为被动句结构中删掉了“be”部分。
如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
注意：以上两种结构的功能相似于分词或分词短语作状语，只是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，而独立主格结构中非谓语动词的逻辑主语是它前面的名词或主格代词。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑主谓关系，多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
独立主格结构专题讲座
一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
如：1).________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was2)_______no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there beingB.As there wasC.BeingD.There was3)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been4)______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
1)_________, the train started.A.The signal givenB.Giving the signalB.The signal being givenD.The signal giving2)__________, the train started.A.After having given the signalB.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signal was given3)______, the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new wordsD.Having explained new words4)____, the text became easier for us to learn.A.When new words were explainedB.Explaining new wordsC.New words explainingD.Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
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所以在语法上不是句子，独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。
独立主格之所以不叫独立主语，就是因为该名词或代词与后面的其它部分有逻辑上的句子关系，但无论长短，都不能构成句子，当后面是非谓语动词时，前面与后面能够构成逻辑上的偶尔作定语，使用时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑主谓关系。
如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑动宾关系（逻辑谓宾关系）。
可以理解为被动句结构中删掉了“be”部分。
如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
注意：以上两种结构的功能相似于分词或分词短语作状语，只是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，而独立主格结构中非谓语动词的逻辑主语是它前面的名词或主格代词。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑主谓关系，多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。
形容词在独立主格结构中表伴随或对细节起补充作用，形容词与名词或代词之间逻辑上有主表关系。
如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。
如：The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。
此结构有两种习惯用法，一种是在“名词/主格代词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中，有his, her, my, their, a, an, the等词分别修饰前后两个名词或名词本身为复数，有时有with引导。
另一种习惯用法是：在“名词/主格代词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中，名词或代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用with引导。
如：如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
7. There being +名词（代词），独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
通常可以理解为后面句子动作发生的前提条件或理由。
如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
8. It being +名词（代词）独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
9、独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。
即with+名词\（主格代词）+其它。
With the new term to begin soon, we’ll be very busy again.新学期很快就要开始了，我们又要忙起来了。
Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。
他和衣躺在床上。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句或并列句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如：1. 表示时间（状语）The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2. 表示条件（状语）The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 表示原因（状语）There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4. 表示伴随情况（状语）Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5. 表示补充说明A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注意：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
6. 独立主格住定语：做定语时放在所修饰的名词之后，通常是带有with结构的独立主格。
此时与做状语不同，不需要用逗号隔开。
The team with a boy leading the way got to the village at 10 p.m.由一个男孩带路的那个小分队晚上10点到达那个村庄。
The woman with her hand burnt badly was sent immediately to the hospital.那位一只手严重烧伤的妇女被马上送到了医院。
只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。
现在分词表示主动的含义，它的逻辑主语是这个动作的发出者。
现在分词有时可换成现在分词的完成式（having done）, 表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
过去分词表示被动的含义，它的逻辑主语是这个动作的承受者。
过去分词有时可换成现在分词完成式的被动形式（having been done）. 也表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
Spring having been here, they still haven’t got ready for sewing. 春天已到，但他们还未做好春播的准备。
The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。
the students will benefit a lot from it. 那本书已经出版，学生们会从中受益匪浅。
当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
含有独立主格结构的句子通常是个简单句。
独立主格结构做状语，常常能够换成相应的状语从句。
但表示伴随情况的独立主格结构只能换成与主句并列的句子。
独立主格结构作定语时，通常能转换成定语从句。
这时整个句子就由原来的简单句变成了复合句。
●After class was over , the students soon left the classroom. （复合句）●Class being over / Class over, the students soon left the classroom. （简单句）下课后，学生很快离开了课室。