coherence 句子插入题
初三插入语高级理解判断单选20题
初三插入语高级理解判断单选20题1.John, actually, is very good at math.A.actuallyB.indeedC.reallyD.certainly答案：A。
本题中“actually”在句子中作为插入语，起到强调的作用，意思是“实际上”。
选项B“indeed”也有确实的意思，但在这个语境中不如“actually”自然。
选项C“really”更多表示真正地，和这里的强调作用不太相符。
选项D“certainly”是肯定地，与句子要表达的意思不符。
2.Mary, perhaps, will come to the party.A.perhapsB.maybeC.probablyD.likely答案：A。
“perhaps”在句中作为插入语，表示“也许”。
选项B“maybe”和C“probably”虽然也有也许的意思，但在这个句子中的位置不太合适作为插入语。
选项D“likely”一般不用作插入语。
3.Tom, of course, knows the answer.A.of courseB.certainlyC.surelyD.definitely答案：A。
“of course”作为插入语，意思是“当然”。
选项B、C、D 虽然也有肯定的意思，但不能像“of course”这样自然地作为插入语。
4.Lucy, in fact, is a very kind girl.A.in factB.actuallyC.reallyD.truly答案：A。
“in fact”在句子中作为插入语，意为“事实上”。
选项B“actually”和“in fact”意思相近，但在这个句子中不如“in fact”自然。
选项C“really”和D“truly”更多表示真正地，不符合这里的语境。
5.Jack, generally speaking, is good at sports.A.generally speakingB.in generalC.on the wholeD.as a whole答案：A。
coherence的用法 -回复
coherence的用法-回复什么是“coherence”？为了更好地理解这个概念，我们需要从它的起源和不同领域的应用入手，逐渐深入探讨。
首先，让我们来看看“coherence”的起源。
这个词最初来自于拉丁语“cohaerentia”，意思是“粘合”或“连贯”。
它在不同领域的应用有着相似的基本概念，即一种有着内在联系和逻辑结构的状态或性质。
在语言学中，coherence是指文本中各个部分之间的连贯性和一致性。
一篇连贯的文章不仅要有逻辑的结构，还要有清晰的观点和思路，以便读者能够轻松理解和跟随。
缺乏连贯性的文章往往让人感到困惑和无法理解。
因此，作家和写作者常常注重确保他们的作品具有良好的coherence。
在科学领域中，coherence通常指一种波动或信号的属性，即波动的相位和振幅之间的关系。
一个相干的波动具有相同的频率和相近的相位，使得它们相互增强，从而形成一个更强的波动。
这种相干性在光学、声学和无线通信等领域中具有重要的应用。
除了语言学和科学领域，coherence还在哲学、社会科学和心理学等领域中得到广泛应用。
在哲学中，coherence指的是一种思想或观点的内部一致性和逻辑性。
在社会科学中，coherence可以指一个系统或组织的内部一致性和协同性。
在心理学中，coherence可以指一个人的思维和行为的一致性和合理性。
现在让我们更深入地探讨“coherence”的具体应用。
在写作方面，为了确保文章的coherence，需要注意以下几个方面：1. 逻辑结构：文章应该有一个清晰的引言、正文和结论，每个部分之间应该有明确的逻辑连接。
2. 主题句：每个段落应该有一个明确的主题句，用来概括该段落的主要内容，以保持段落内的连贯性。
3. 连词：使用适当的连词来连接不同的句子和段落，以便在文章中形成逻辑关系和过渡。
4. 使用代词：使用代词来引用之前提到的名词，以避免过多重复，提高文章的连贯性。
另外，coherence在科学和技术领域的应用非常重要，特别是在光学和无线通信领域。
托福独立写作
consistent:always behaving in the same way ,or having the same opinions standard
在本文，我试图分析一些人选择单身的原因。 Essay/article aim to/intend to/determine to analyze/anatomize/explain choose to be/prefer to be/ be willing to be
In this essay, I aim to analyze the reasons why some people prefer to be single.
Do you agree with the following statement? In a team, those who do not accept others’ criticism can not succeed.
2. Which do you prefer
Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new experiences. Others like their lives to stay the same, and they do not change their usual habits. Compare these two approaches to life. Which approach do you prefer?
coherence 连贯
语篇隐性连贯的语用推理过程
Grice(1975)认为人类交际必须 遵守合作原则。当读者面对一个 语篇时，他相信每个句子都是作 者和读者所共同感兴趣的，对于 想要完成的目标来说是必要的、 真实的和相关的。语篇的理解过 程实质上就是要实现语篇的连贯， 而语篇的连贯在某种程度上可以 说是读者通过想象和推理而创造 的。
上 文 中 “ on-hit, daddy, fly, clocking, some deed presidents, meantime, the rest of the syndicate, were trying to kick it, one time---”加上一些 生造的词无法领会其连贯意义。 如果读者是加利福尼亚州南部 10 至20多岁的人便能读懂这段话的 连贯意义。
1.1上下文建立连贯 The boy rushed into the house when he saw a singing woman distance away, coming along the street. One minute later, he came out with some changes in his hand. The boy was happy with the candy.
2. 1常识性知识建立连贯 E.g. Three days after Rastus„ disappearance，Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter. The writer stated Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom(赎金) of 1000 pounds---
作文中的连贯表达MakeCoherence
4. 表示条件关系：如果，只要，除非，否则。
if unless as (so) long as otherwise or else on the condition(that)
2. _F_i_r_st__of__a_ll__ tell us your name. 3. __F_ir_s_t_ you should listen to the teacher
attentively. _N_e_x_t_, do what he or she tells you to do. _T_h_e_n_, when you have finished your experiment, tidy the lab.I_n_t_h_e_e_n_d, put everything back in the cupboards. 4. _F_i_rs_t_ write down your name and class. _S_e_c_on_d_, you should write down what you hear. L_a_s_t_ly_, check the paper and hand it in. 5. After putting it off three times, we _f_in_a_ll_y managed to have a holiday in Greece.
玛丽在照看她妹妹的孩子，也照看他自己的孩子。 3. The plan is not well-designed, _m__o_r_e_o_v_e_r___, it
would have been too expensive. 这个计划设计的不好，再说花费也太大。
Unity and coherence 语句连贯 一致性 段落的要求 商务英语
Paragraph 1
Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. Ordinary people are no longer content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Florida. More and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down wild rivers, hiking through steamy rain forests, climbing the world’s highest mountains, or crossing slippery glaciers. People of all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations.
Not much is known about the use of sign language among deaf people in the United States before the 1800s. The early 1800s were an important period in the development of American Sign Language. In 1815, a mam named Thomas Gallaudet became interested in teaching deaf people. He travelled to Europe to study ways of communicating with deaf people. He was 27 years old at this time, and he studied a school for deaf students in Paris for several months. In 1817, Gallaudet returned to the United States, and he brought with him Laurent Clerc, a deaf sign language teacher from Paris. Gallaudet started the first school for the deaf, and Clerc became the first sign language teacher in the USA. The school, called the American School for the Deaf, still exists in Hartford, Connecticut. American Sign Language developed from the mixture of signs used by deaf Americans and French Sign Language. Today, it is used by more than 500,000 deaf people in the United States and Canada. About twenty million people in the United States have hearing problems, and about two million of these are deaf.
conherence
2. 逻辑顺序达到连贯的效果：
1） 时间顺序 （chronological order） 以事件、情节、发展的先后顺序来扩充段落以至于全文 的内容。
主要用于记叙性的体裁（narrative genre）和过程分析 体裁（process-analysis genre）. 2） 空间顺序 （spatial order） 依照方位对事物进行描写，主要用于描写体裁 （descriptive genre）. 3） 轻重顺序 （order of importance） 根据内容重要性程度来安排supporting sentences，通常 由轻到重，可以给读者留下不尽的思考，多用于说明 文（expository genre）或议论文（argumentative genre）.
Coherence: the organization of a paragraph unity: the content of a paragraph
1 My worst job was as a kitchen worker in one of San Francisco's more reputable restaurants. 2 My assistant, who worked from two to four in the afternoon, only chatted with the busboys and snacked on the salad bar, but provided little assistance for me. 3 During her shift, she kept an ear open for the sound of the back door opening, which indicated the manager was entering the kitchen. 4 There was no one I could talk to. 5 The manager, Ms. Chavez would scold me, "Obediah, you are behind. 6 There are many tasks to be accomplished. Work harder and faster, you blockhead." 7 I would arrive at work at noon to relieve the man on the morning shift. 8 All the coworkers were cold and unfriendly.
【SAT语法】句子修改题中注意连贯性要点
IP文章考察的是standard written English，不仅考语法还会考文法，从文章的整体性(unity)和连贯性(coherence)两个角度考察。
在这里，我们重点分享连贯性的解题秘籍。
coherence，英文释意是the situation in which all the parts of something fit togetherwell，即各个部分良好结合在一起的状况。
连贯性，简单说，即“承上启下”，考察上下文的紧密联系。
一、修改句子(3) To fail,one must first make an attempt. (4) In that attempt, experience expands, new ideas blossom, and viewpoints change.31.Which of the following is the best version of sentence3 (reproduced below)?To fail,one must first make an attempt.A. (As it is now)B. To fail, you must first have been making an attempt.C. In failing one must make an attempt first.D. First,you must make an attempt to have failed.E. One must make an attempt first, to fail.解析：首先，文章人称要保持一致，BD里的you与文章的one不一致，排除;比较剩余选项，并结合第四句，句首In that attemp与原文第三句句末make an attempt衔接非常自然，过度流畅，故原句是最佳选项。
还有一种经典IP题目是句首划线，对句首进行修改，或是在句首增加某个词，考察上下文的逻辑关系。
coherence in para writing
Here's a short example of structural repetition from the play Getting Married, by George Bernard Shaw:
There are couples who dislike one another furiously for several hours at a time; there are couples who dislike one another permanently; and there are couples who never dislike one another; but these last are people who are incapable of disliking anybody.
Coherence through Transitional Expressions
You can create a coherent paragraph by using transitional words at the beginning of related sentences within the paragraph. Transitional words and phrases connect sentences and paragraphs to each other. Within a paragraph, transitions provide coherence. They give the sense that the paragraph contains one main idea. They also create a smooth flow from one sentence to the next, or bridge from one detail or supporting piece of information to the next.
雅思作文,如何增强主体段的Coherence？
智课网IELTS备考资料雅思作文，如何增强主体段的Coherence?摘要：上次我们讲过了雅思作文主体段三个组成部分的具体要求，但我们要注意，一个主体段的写作并不简单是这三个部分的加和。
同学们可以多关注一下小马过河发布的雅思考试动态。
如果您还有疑问请点击下面的“立即咨询”按钮，我们的老师会给您专业的解答。
上次我们讲过了雅思作文主体段三个组成部分的具体要求，但我们要注意，一个主体段的写作并不简单是这三个部分的加和。
这就牵扯到了段内衔接的问题。
我们很多人写的作文不是作文而是一个list，就跟你妈去菜市场列的买菜单一样，萝卜，白菜，土豆，句子和句子间看不出任何关联。
这个和我们的中式思维有很大的关系，中文是意合语言，英文是形合语言，而我们在进行英文写作时，一般都是先用中文想好，然后再转述成英语，在这样的过程中，在一个意合的思维下，我们就会忽略句子之间的连接，因为以前说过中文的逻辑是隐含在意思中的，而英文的逻辑是浮于表面的，所以当我们在检查自己的英文写作时就会自动忽略这种浮于表面的联系，所以我们就要不断提醒自己。
一般来讲，达成句子连贯性的方法主要有三种：一运用连接短语，二运用this等指代词，三运用词汇的同义替换。
推荐使用前两种，第三种比较容易出意外，意外主要分两种情况：一词汇量不够;二词汇量太大;词汇量不够，对应中文只知道一个英语，那就没办法替换，年轻人就知道young people，那就从头young到底，当然是可以的，起码不会出错;那第二种情况，词汇量太大，但不懂词汇应用的语境也不懂词汇用法，反正就按照中文一个字一个字对应翻译，这种人写出来的作文感觉就是照字典抄的，全文没一个重复的词，打眼一看特别高大上，但没一个用对的，所以我们一定要明确一点，用词用得难不一定是好，但用的对一定是好的，所以如果你实在做不了同义替换就不做了吧。
因此，我们主要讲一下前两种的应用。
来看一个具体例子：There is a strong case to be made that it would be morally wrong to force teenagers to go out to work, particularly if they did not earn a salary.(主题句：无偿工作导致道义问题) This can be explained by the fact that【引出举例短语】in recent years, there has been a global movement to stop the practice of child labour.(举例：童工问题) The main philosophy behind this movement 【指代词向上指代反童工的运动】is that childhood, including the teenage years, should be a time for education and growth, not work.(分析原因：少年儿童理应学习成长，而非工作) It would not just send the wrong message out if teenagers were made to do voluntary work, there is also the real danger that young people would be exploited in the workplace.(导致的后果：童工问题严重)我们总结一下，也就是说你在写完一句话后，要考虑一下下一句话和前一句话的关系，如果下一句是在解释原因，就要明确写出原因是，一些相关表达有：this is probably because，this is due to the fact that, the reason is that;如果在举例，就要运用举例短语，比如an illustration here is that, this can be seen by the fact that等等;如果是在写导致的后果或造成的影响，就要写一些引出影响的表达，比如：as a result, in consequence,等等。
coherence
2.Coherence连贯性——means clear and correct arrangement of the parts of a sentence. It is essential to the accurate and clear expression of ideas.Here are a few rules of thumb which may help to prevent incoherence:❖Do not separate words that are closely related unless it is necessary;❖Do not use a pronoun with ambiguous reference;❖Do not use a dangling modifier(悬垂修饰语：一组在句子中与任何元素都没有语法联系的修饰语) or put a modifier far from the word it modifies;❖Do not make unnecessary or confusing shifts in person or number;❖Do not make unnecessary changes in the voice,tense or mood of verbs;❖Do not use different forms to express parallel ideas.Rule One(不要把联系紧密的词分开)e.g. :•Everyone is studying English in the school. (in the school放在后面使句意不明确，应该作定语修饰主语everyone，而不是副词修饰动词)改为：•Everyone in the school is studying English.（此时句子突出的意思是：学校的每个人都学英语）小练习：One student said that such a discussion was not helpful in class.改为：One student in class said that such a discussion was not helpful.Rule Two(不要用含糊不清的代词) e.g.:•Mrs. Green said to her sister that she had done the right thing.(这里的she指代不明)改为：❿Mrs. Green said to her sister that she herself had done the right thing.❿(OR)Mrs. Green said to her sister,"You have done the right thing."Rule Three(1.不要用悬垂修饰语) 所谓悬垂修饰语,是指句中充当状语的分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语等，与句子的主语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
用coherence造句
用coherence造句一、什么是“coherence”呢？“coherence”这个词呀，它有连贯性、条理性的意思。
那咱们就来造好多好多关于它的句子吧。
二、先从日常的学习生活说起。
“The speech of the teacher has great coherence, which makes it easy for us students to understand the knowledge.”（老师的演讲有很强的连贯性，这让我们学生很容易理解知识。
）“My writing lacks coherence, so I need to practice more to improve it.”（我的写作缺乏连贯性，所以我需要更多练习来提高。
）“When I read this book, I can feel the coherence of the plot from the beginning to the end.”（当我读这本书时，我能感受到从头到尾情节的连贯性。
）三、再看看在团队合作方面的句子。
“The work plan of our team has good coherence, which helps us complete the project efficiently.”（我们团队的工作计划有很好的连贯性，这有助于我们高效地完成项目。
）“In a good debate, the arguments of each side should have coherence.”（在一场好的辩论中，各方的论点应该有连贯性。
）“The actions of the group members need coherence to achieve the common goal.”（小组成员的行动需要连贯性以实现共同目标。
）四、在描述艺术作品的时候也可以用到这个词。
“The movie has a strong sense of coherence in the development of the story.”（这部电影在故事发展中有很强的连贯性。
初二插入语超级高级判断分析单选30题
初二插入语超级高级判断分析单选30题1<背景文章>Once upon a time, there was a small village. ___, it was a very peaceful place. People lived happily and helped each other. One day, a stranger came to the village. ___, he looked very tired and hungry. The villagers were kind and offered him food and a place to stay.The stranger, ___, was very grateful. He decided to stay in the village for a while. During his stay, he learned many things about the village and its people. He found out that the village had a beautiful lake. ___, it was a popular place for fishing and swimming.The stranger also noticed that the villagers had a unique tradition. Every year, they would hold a festival to celebrate the harvest. ___, it was a time of joy and celebration.As the days passed, the stranger became friends with many villagers. He realized that this small village was a special place. ___, he decided to stay there forever.1. The first blank should be filled with:A. ObviouslyB. IndeedC. HoweverD. Therefore答案：B。
2024年初二插入语超级高级判断分析单选30题
2024年初二插入语超级高级判断分析单选30题1.He thinks, I believe, that he can do it well.A.I believeB.that he can do it wellC.He thinksD.that he can答案：A。
本题考查插入语“I believe”的作用。
“I believe”在句中作为插入语，对整个句子的意思起补充说明的作用，不影响句子的基本结构。
选项B“that he can do it well”是宾语从句；选项C“He thinks”是句子的主要谓语部分；选项D“that he can”不完整。
2.She is, as far as I know, a good student.A.as far as I knowB.a good studentC.She isD.as far as答案：A。
“as far as I know”是插入语，表示“据我所知”。
选项B 是句子的表语部分；选项C 是句子的主语和谓语；选项D 不完整。
3.They, in my opinion, should study harder.A.in my opinionB.should study harderC.TheyD.in my答案：A。
“in my opinion”作为插入语，表示“在我看来”。
选项B 是句子的谓语和宾语部分；选项C 是句子的主语；选项D 不完整。
4.This book, it seems, is very interesting.A.it seemsB.is very interestingC.This bookD.it答案：A。
“it seems”是插入语，表示“似乎”。
选项B 是句子的谓语和表语部分；选项C 是句子的主语；选项D 单独使用不正确。
5.He, to be honest, is not very good at English.A.to be honestB.is not very good at EnglishC.HeD.to be答案：A。
高二插入语理解高级判断练习30题
高二插入语理解高级判断练习30题1. In fact, he is a very kind person.A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise答案解析：A。
“In fact”是一个常见的副词插入语，表示“事实上”，用于强调实际情况。
A 选项“However”表示“然而”；B 选项“Therefore”表示“因此”；C 选项“Moreover”表示“而且”；D 选项“Otherwise”表示“否则”。
在这个句子中，“In fact”强调了后面所说的“他是个非常善良的人”这一实际情况，其他选项不符合句子的逻辑和语境。
2. By the way, have you finished your homework?A. For exampleB. On the contraryC. In conclusionD. To be honest答案解析：D。
“By the way”是一个介词短语插入语，意思是“顺便说一下”。
A 选项“For example”表示“例如”；B 选项“On the contrary”表示“相反”；C 选项“In conclusion”表示“总之”；D 选项“To be honest”表示“老实说”。
在这个句子中，“By the way”引出了一个附带的询问，“To be honest”有类似的引出个人真实想法的作用，其他选项与句子语境不符。
3. To tell you the truth, I don't like this movie.A. As a resultB. In other wordsC. What's moreD. All in all答案解析：B。
“To tell you the truth”是一个常见的插入语，意思是“说实话”。
A 选项“As a result”表示“结果”；B 选项“In other words”表示“换句话说”；C 选项“What's more”表示“而且”；D 选项“All in all”表示“总的来说”。
初三英语插入语理解高级判断分析单选题20题
初三英语插入语理解高级判断分析单选题20题1.___, he is a very kind person.A.In my opinionB.As a resultC.For exampleD.On the contrary答案：A。
本题中“In my opinion”表示“在我看来”，插入语起到发表个人观点的作用，符合题意。
“As a result”表示“结果”；“For example”表示“例如”；“On the contrary”表示“相反”，这三个选项在该语境中不合适。
2.She is very beautiful.___, she is also intelligent.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.I think答案：D。
“I think”表示“我认为”，在这里可以作为插入语，表明说话者的观点，同时后面“she is also intelligent”也是说话者的看法。
“Moreover”表示“此外”；“However”表示“然而”；“Otherwise”表示“否则”，在该语境中不合适。
3.___, we should go for a walk.A.In conclusionB.In my opinionC.By the wayD.As a matter of fact答案：B。
“In my opinion”作为插入语，表示个人观点，即“在我看来，我们应该去散步”。
“In conclusion”表示“总之”；“By the way”表示“顺便说一下”；“As a matter of fact”表示“事实上”，这三个选项在该语境中不合适。
4.He is good at sports.___, he is the captain of the school basketball team.A.For instanceB.I believeC.As a resultD.On the other hand答案：B。
英语写作---Coherence
Coherence（连贯性）•连贯性是指句中的成分之间具有含乎逻辑的有机联系，全句所表述的思路清晰，使交际对方容易得到要领。
•Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts.•the train of thoughts flows smoothly in a logical sequence in a sentence, from sentence to sentence, from paragraph to paragraph Example: John saw a handbag in a field. He walked a cross the field and picked up the handbag. He took the handbag to the police station and handed it in as lost property. When he had done this,he went home.•这个语篇做到了紧凑连贯。
这是因为四个句子表达的意义联系紧密：通过重复(handbag)延续主题发展，第四句this的照应对象是一个句组，做到回应总结。
•通过代词指示做到语义连贯：第二、三、四句中的he与第一句的John 发生了照应关系，第三句的it与第一、二句的handbag是词汇复现关系。
•A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear.•It is not coherent if it has•confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood.•pronouns with ambiguous reference,•faulty parallel constructions,•dangling or misplaced modifiers,•Pronoun reference•句子中的代词应在数性和人称等方面保持一致，或者和它所对应的名词词组保持一致。
作文连贯
4.It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹） （感叹）
What great fun it is to climb the hill!
5.Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯定倒装） 肯定倒装） Tom likes singing songs,so does Mary. 6.John likes to study and play.（否定在句首倒装） 否定在句首倒装）
按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。 按要求改写下列句子 使其更具文采。 使其更具文采 1.Tom saved the drowning girl.(强调 强调) 强调 It was Tom that/who saved the drowning girl. 2.I hope I can pay a visit to you next year. 强调） （强调） I do hope I can pay a visit to you next year. 3.Tom was puzzled.（感叹） （感叹） How puzzled Tom was!
the moment / On doing / as soon as / immediately / directly 一……就 It was not long before … / After a while / Soon 不久 After that / Then / So / Next 然后 At the same time / Meanwhile however , / but / on the contrary / On the other hand / yet 同时 First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then If / As long as / So long as /on condition that It was …that / who … / So she did . / I do hope … / She did help me. /It really worked.
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托福阅读句子插入题下面隆重向你推荐句子插入题的几种常规思路和无耻技巧。
常规思路1当插入句是代词 it they开头时，在每个空之前找是否有他们的指代对象，有的，就是正确的。
可以借鉴指代题的思路。
（具体的回去看type6指代题）常规思路2当插入句是指示代词This these such+名词开头时，找名词的同义概念。
常规思路3如果开头是thus，however这些有逻辑的副词，按照逻辑关系选择常规思路4找小词，插入句中有another， other，also+名词，寻找这些名词的句子，然后通过句意判断插入句是在这个句子之前还是之后，一般是之前。
说明一点：对于插入题，无耻技巧是辅助我们做题的，是帮助我们排除选项的，所以先用常规思路解题才是王道！无耻技巧1在段落之前的空，必错，因为每段的中心都在第一句，如果把第一句改变了，也就改变句意了无耻技巧2空后有代词they it的，generally speaking，是不对的，代词不能跨距，如果在代词前面加一句话，就会改变代词的指代对象。
但是有例外存在，比如这一段只有一个主语，就无法排除后有代词的选项，后面我会举例子！无耻技巧3优先考虑段落最后的空，注意，我说的是段落最后的，而不是最后一个空，有时候最后一个空在段中。
因为放在最末尾，本身对文章没什么影响，所以，优先考虑这个空。
这种题的解题方法和指代题很像，要各种思路技巧融会贯通，灵活运用。
看例子吧！Eg1Paragraph 1: Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.Where would the sentence best fit?我要你们铭记这道题，因为这道题无耻到了极致，指示代词this+名词，是第二种常规思路，找question的同意概念，有同学看完了四个空，说怎么没有问题的同意概念啊？？！！再好好看看，第二个空之前那么明显的问号在那里！直接选第二个！对，就这么无耻Eg2Paragraph 7:■The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.■12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing. Where would the sentence best fit?还是指示代词this+名词，去前面找economic reliance on livestock的同意概念，先运用无耻技巧1排除第一个空，然后看第二个空之前也就是第一句，有livestock is a major economic activity，直接选第二个。
Eg3Paragraph 6: ■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.11. Look at the four squares [■l that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.Where would the sentence best fit?先看待插入的句子，Consequently，常规思路3，按照逻辑词的逻辑关系，先排除第一个空。
看到第一句有because，认为第二个空可能对。
再往后看，有同学说第二，第四空之后都有they，排除了选第三个。
这就是我刚才提醒过的，当一段只有一个主语，或者说每句的主语都有一个词的时候，这种用其后后代词的排除法就失效了。
看这段，每句的主语都是tunas，所以说，不能用代词排除了。
回到刚才的常规解法，运用逻辑关系，选择第二空！带入翻译一下，因为金枪鱼的经常游动，它们必须张着嘴使水流经它们的腮。
因此，它们不需要吸水！Eg4Paragraph 6: Under very cold conditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris. █In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion. █It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces, thereby wearing them into yet more sand. █Even living things contribute to the formation of landscapes. █Tree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed their splitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil fragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.11. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.Where would the sentence best fit?看句子，another type，常规思路四，在空后寻找type of destructive force contributes to erosion. 的同意概念，第一个空，the wind is the principal agent of erosion. 就是。
如果你不放心，往下看看吧，第二个，有it，无耻技巧二有代词者排除，第三个even，甚至，不符合逻辑。
第四个，有their，代词，排除掉。
这类题就告一段落了，提醒一下大家，因为无论用常规思路和无耻技巧都是一种快速的手段，用这些方法的时候你都没怎么好好读句子，所以，选出来之后，一定要回头读一读，是否通顺。