英美文学3the romantic period

Chapter III The Romantic Period

一、本章的学习目的和要求

通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义文学的产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征，基本主张，及其对时代及后世英国文学用至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。

二、本章考核知识点及考核要求

（一）考核知识点

1.浪漫主义时期概述

1）浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，文化背景

2）浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张

3）英国浪漫主义文学的特色

4）浪漫主义文学对同时代及后世英国文学的影响

2.浪漫主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法及社会意义等。

威廉。布莱克；威廉。华兹华斯；塞。特。科勒律治；乔治。戈登。拜伦；珀。比。雪莱；约翰。济兹；简。奥斯汀

（二）考核要求

1.浪漫主义时期概述

1）识记：a.浪漫主义时期的界定

b.历史文化背景

2）领会：a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。

b.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。、

3）应用：a.名词解释：浪漫主义

b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析

2.该时期的重要作家

1）识记：浪漫主义时期的重要作家，代表作品及其主要内容。

2）领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。

3）应用：a.浪漫派诗歌（所选作品）的主题，意象分析

b.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析。

一、概述

1. 一般识记

English Romanticism---157

English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have beg an in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge''s Lyrical Ballads & to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott''s death & the passage of the first Reform Bill in th

e Parliament.

2. 识记Historical & Cultural background---159

During this period, England had experienced profound economic & social change. The biggest social change in English history was the transfer of large masses of the population from the countryside to the towns. As a result of the Enclosures & the agricultural mecha nization, the peasants were driven of their land；some emigrated to the colonies；some sank to the level of farm laborers & many others drifted to the industrial towns where th ere was a growing demand for labor. But the new industrial towns were no better than ju ngles, where the law was "the survival of the fittest." The cruel economic exploitation cau sed large-scale workers'' disturbances in England.来源:考试大-自考站

3. 领会

（1）Influences of the Romantic Movement---161

Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of so cial civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary

& philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life & all experience. It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most val uable as an expression of this or her unique feelings & particular attitudes & valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual''s experiences.

（2）The Romantic views about literature（总结）

a. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, S helley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclas sical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.---161

b. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen & Walter Scott.---163

c. Besides poetry & prose, there are quite a number of writers who have fried their hand at poetic dramas in this perio

d.---166

4.应用

（1）Literary Terms

a. The Romantic Movement：①it expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing impor tance of the bourgeoisie.②The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people thei r essential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant mod es of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers.Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual''s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.④it places the individual as the very center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individu al’s experiences.---161

b. The Gothic novel---166

It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one pha se of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatur al, which strongly appeal to the reader''s emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irratio nal side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer o f the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho （1794）by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein （1818）by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.

（2）Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.---161

The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shell ey & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassica l literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge w ere the major representatives of this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy：they believed th at poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regardi ng them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also p rovides the dominant subject matter. Wordsworth is the closest to nature.

To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where the qualitie s they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defe nding the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art a s superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic write rs are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendence of the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & const ructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.

二该时期的重要作家

I. William Blake

1.一般识记：His life