王蔷《英语教学法教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(口语教学)【圣才出品】

第10章口语教学

10.1 复习笔记

本章要点：

1. Characteristics of spoken language

口语的特点

2. Four common features of spoken language

口语的四个共同特征

3. Activities help prepare students for real-life speech in English 为学生做好日常口语准备的活动

4. General principles of teaching speaking

口语教学的普遍原则

5. Two factors considered in designing speaking tasks

设计口语任务要考虑的两个因素

6. Common characteristics in successful speaking task

成功的口语任务的共性

7. Two types of communicative speaking activities

两种不同类型的交际口语活动

8. Some kinds of speaking activities

几种不同类型的口语活动

9. Advantages of using group in speaking tasks

使用分组教学的优势

本章考点：

口语的特点及对教学的暗示；口语的四个共同特征；为学生做好日常口语准备的活动；口语教学的普遍原则；设计口语任务要考虑的两个因素；成功的口语任务的共性；两种不同类型的交际口语活动；几种不同类型的口语活动；使用分组教学的优势。

本章内容索引：

Ⅰ. Differences between spoken and written language

1. Characteristics of spoken language

2. Four common features of spoken language

3. Activities helpful to prepare students for real-life speech in English

4. Some implications to teaching

Ⅱ. Principles for teaching speaking

Ⅲ. Designing speaking tasks

1. Two factors considered in designing speaking tasks

2. Common characteristics in successful speaking tasks

Ⅳ.Types of speaking tasks

1. Two major purposes for listening

2. Two types of communicative speaking activities

3. Some kinds of speaking activities

4. Other speaking activities

Ⅴ.Organizing speaking tasks

Ⅵ.Conclusion

Ⅰ.Differences between spoken and written language （口语与书面语的区别）

【考点：口语的特点及对教学的暗示】

Speaking is a skill that the students will be judged upon most in real-life situations.

口语是用来判断学生在实际生活中使用最多的技能。

1. Characteristics of spoken language （口语的特点）

Any tasks for practicing speaking should reflect the special characteristics of spoken language.

任何口语练习任务应该反应口语的特殊特性。

①One of the characteristics of speech in everyday life is that speech is

spontaneous. The fact that speech is spontaneous means that it is full of false starts, repetitions, incomplete sentences, and short phrases.

现实生活中口语的一大特征是自发性。口语是自发的，指的是在口语中充满不当的始发话语、重复、不完整的句子和短语。

②Another aspect of producing spoken language is the time-constraint.

口语的另一个特征是有时间约束。

The students must be able to produce unplanned utterances in real time, otherwise people will not have the patience to listen to them.

在现实生活中学生必须在没有准备时能进行口语交流，否则人们将没有耐心听他们说话。

2. Four common features of spoken language （by Bygate, 1987）（口语的四个共同特征）

①Using less complex syntax;

很少用复杂句型；

②Taking short cuts, e.g. incomplete sentences;

采用简短的语言，比如不完整的句子；

③Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks;

使用固定的常用短语或语块；

④Using devices such as fillers, hesitation devices to give time to think before

speaking.

在说话前花时间使用填充词、停顿技巧。

3. Activities helpful to prepare students for real-life speech in English （为学生做好日常口语准备的活动）

（Adapted from Bygate, 1987:8）

①reading aloud; 大声朗读；

②giving a prepared talk; 发言前作好准备；

③learning a piece of text or dialogue by heart; 用心学习文章或对话；

④interviewing someone, or being interviewed; 采访别人或被采访；

⑤doing a drill. 进行操练。

The 4th one is the only activity that would help students prepare for spontaneous speech; the 2nd one is the only other activity that is realistic; The