高考英语语法之词性
高考英语语法填空复习之词性转换清单
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语法填空核心技能:词性转换形容词变ence/ance名词absent absence 缺席,不存在present presence 出席,存在confident confidence 自信convenient convenience 便利different difference 差异evident evidence 证据independent independence 独立intelligent intelligence 才智patient patience 耐心silent silence 沉默violent violence 暴力abundant abundance 丰富distant distance 距离significant significance 意义important importance 重要ignorant ignorance 无知形容词变y名词y:difficult difficulty 困难honest honesty 诚实current currency 货币efficient efficiency 效率cy:fluent fluency 流利frequent frequency 频率urgent urgency 紧迫性accurate accuracy 准确性private privacy 隐私ry:brave bravery 勇敢ty:certain certainty 确定cruel cruelty 残酷safe safety 安全形容词变ity/ety名词:ity:equal equality 平等major majority 大多数person personality 个性;性格active activity 活动secure security 安全性able ability 能力disable disability 缺陷flexible flexibility 灵活性possible possibility 可能性necessary necessity 必需品,必然性curious curiosity 好奇anxious anxiety 焦虑various variety 种类social society 社会形容词变ness名词:aware awareness 意识careless carelessness 粗心dark darkness 黑暗ill illness 疾病sick sickness 疾病kind kindness 仁慈sad sadness 悲伤weak weakness 弱点happy happiness 幸福形容词变th名词:warm warmth 温暖true truth 真相wide width 宽度deep depth 深度long length 长度strong strength 强项young youth 青春动词变ence/ance名词:exist existence 存在differ difference 差异refer reference 参考prefer preference 偏爱appear appearance 出现assist assistance 帮助enter entrance 入口perform performance 表演guide guidance 指引insure insurance 保险动词变y名词:discover discovery 发现deliver delivery 递送recover recovery 恢复,痊愈injure injury 伤害apologize apology 道歉动词变ment名词:achieve achievement 成就adjust adjustment 调整advertise advertisement 广告agree agreement 同意;一致amaze amazement 惊奇amuse amusement 可笑;娱乐arrange arrangement 安排assign assignment 作业;分配astonish astonishment 惊讶develop development 发展;研制disappoint disappointment失望entertain entertainment 娱乐employ employment 受雇,就业equip equipment 设备move movement 运动;移动treat treatment 对待;治疗argue argument 辩论;论据judge judg(e)ment 判断;评价动词加ion变tion/sion名词:去e加(t)ion:act action 行动associate association 协会;联系attract attraction 吸引appreciate appreciation 欣赏;感激adopt adoption 采用celebrate celebration 庆祝;庆典municate munication交流affect affection 喜爱donate donation 捐赠collect collection 收藏品devote devotion 奉献educate education 教育connect connection 联系evaluate evaluation 评估construct construction 建设graduate graduation 毕业hesitate hesitation 犹豫instruct instruction 指示locate location 地点protect protection 保护operate operation 手术,运转participate participation 参加discuss discussion 讨论pollute pollution 污染express expression 表达,表情translate translation 翻译introduce introduction 介绍impress impression 印象produce production 生产动词变ation名词:examine examination 考试;调查imagine imagination 想象力organize organization 组织去e加ation:realize realization 认识;实现prepare preparation 准备starve starvation 挨饿invite invitation 邀请adapt adaptation 适应;改编直接加ation :expect expectation 期待consider consideration考虑动词变sion/ssion名词:conclude conclusion 结论decide decision 决定divide division 分开;部门persuade persuasion 劝服admit admission 接纳;准许入学permit permission 许可动词变ition/ation名词:add addition 增加pete petition 竞争;比赛repeat repetition 重复recognize recognition识别;承认;赏识apply application应用explain explanation 解释pronounce pronunciation发音occupy occupation 职业satisfy satisfaction 满意动词变al名词:arrive arrival 到达refuse refusal 拒绝survive survival 幸存approve approval 赞成propose proposal 提议sign signal 信号withdraw withdrawal 撤回动词变ing(s)名词:build building 建筑物begin beginning 开始gather gathering 聚会hear hearing 听力(hearings听证会) mean meaning 意义;价值greet greetings 问候语,助词belong belongings 财物earn earnings 薪水,收入save savings 积蓄,存款动词“花式”变名词:advise advice 建议choose choice选择base basis 基础bathe bath 洗澡die death 死亡grow growth 成长;发展behave behavior 表现;行为believe belief 相信;信念create creativity 创造力pare parison 对比describe description 描述high height 高度weigh weight 重量intend intention 目的laugh laughter 笑声lose loss 丧失;失落marry marriage 婚姻pollute pollutant 污染物succeed success 成功tend tendency 趋向;趋势vary variety 多样化;种类表"人”的名词worker工人actor演员singer歌手editor编辑player玩家author作者trainer教练员sailor水手learner学习者visitor游客teacher老师inventor发明者cleaner清洁工director主任;导演reporter 记者collector收藏者stranger陌生人educator教育工作者employer雇主governor 州长;董事interviewer采访者petitor竞争者liar (lie) 骗子beggar (beg) 乞讨者trainee 实习生employee 雇员interviewee 接受面试者hostess 女主人actress 女演员musician 音乐家politician 政治家historian 历史学家artist 艺术家scientist 科学家pianist 钢琴家servant 仆人participant参加者assistant 助手applicant申请人consultant 顾问罕见的名词变名词!science科学scientist科学家addict瘾君子addiction瘾:嗜好person 人personality性格:个性动词变able/ible形容词:accept acceptable 可接受的allow allowable 容许的afford affordable 付得起的adapt adaptable 能适应的avoid avoidable 可避免的count countable 可数的eat eatable 可食用的enjoy enjoyable 有乐趣suit suitable 合适的去e加able: 变y为i加ableadmire admirable 可钦佩的cure curable 可治愈的desire desirable 可取的value valuable 宝贵的rely reliable 可依靠的名词变able/ible形容词:avail available 可获得的fort fortable 舒适的fashion fashionable 时髦的favor favorable 有利的,赞成的reason reasonable 有道理的access accessible 容易达到、取得的horror horrible 可怕的;恐怖的terror terrible 可怕的sense sensible 明智的名词/动词变ful形容词:care careful 小心的cheer cheerful 快乐的color colorful 五彩缤纷的doubt doubtful 怀疑的faith faithful 忠实的harm harmful 有害的hope hopeful 满怀希望的help helpful 有帮助的meaning meaningful有意义的power powerful 强有力的pain painful 疼痛的peace peaceful 和平的regret regretful 后悔的thank thankful 感谢的thought thoughtful体贴的wonder wonderful 极好的beauty beautiful 美丽的mercy merciful 宽大仁慈的forget forgetful 健忘的success successful 成功的use useful 有用的名词/动词变ous形容词:danger dangerous 危险的humor humorous 幽默的mountain mountainous多山的poison poisonous 有毒的adventure adventurous有冒险精神的nerve nervous 紧张的ambition ambitious 有抱负的caution cautious 小心谨慎的religion religious 信教的;虔诚的continue continuous 连续不断的vary various 各种各样的anxiety anxious 焦急的curiosity curious 好奇的mystery mysterious 神秘的number numerous 许多的space spacious 宽敞的名词/动词变ive形容词:act active 积极活跃的effect effective 有效的;生效的object objective 客观的expense expensive昂贵的create creative 有创意的relate relative 相比较而言的attract attractive 有吸引力的instruct instructive 有教育意义的impress impressive 给人深刻印象的produce productive 多产的;有效益的pete petitive竞争的;有竞争力的talk talkative 健谈的名词/动词变ed/ing形容词balance balanced 均衡的gift gifted 有天赋的puzzle puzzled 感到迷惑的talent talented 有才能的spot斑点spotted 有斑点的write :a written test 笔试a written apology 书面道款written 书面的;笔头的writing(动名词) writing skill 写作技巧/技能ache疼痛aching 疼痛的动词变ed/ing形容词frighten使惊恐bore使厌烦convince使信服confuse使困惑excite scare surprise satisfy worry(事)今人…的frightening令人恐惧的boring 令人厌烦的convincing令人信服的confusing 令人困惑的exciting scaring surprising satisfying Worrying(人)感到…的frightened害怕的bored 感到厌倦的convinced确信的confused 困惑的excited scared surprised satisfied worried名词变al形容词condition conditional 有条件的culture cultural 文化的emotion emotional 情感的agriculture agricultural农业的education educational 教育的nature natural 自然的;天生的nation national 全国的globe global 全球的origin original 最初的practice practical 实际的;实用的occasion Occasional 偶尔的centre/center central 中央的;中心的option optional 可选择的;选修的profession professional 专业的person personal 个人的;私人的medicine medical 医疗的tradition traditional 传统的type typical 典型的logic logical 符合逻辑的theory theoretical 理论的music musical 音乐的environment environmental环境的form formal 正式的名词变ial形容词face facial 面部的race racial 种族的merce mercial商业的finance financial 财政的office official 正式的,官方的benefit beneficial 有益的memory memorial 纪念的influence influential有影响力的名词变y形容词guilt guilty 内疚的;犯罪的health healthy健康的luck Iucky 幸运的salt salty 含盐的;咸的silk silky 丝质的smell smelly有臭味的trick tricky 难对付的wealth wealthy 富裕的;丰富的fun funny 滑稽好笑的hunger hungry 饥饿的anger angry 生气的dirt rain cloud snow dust mud sun fog ice noise tastedirty 有灰尘的;脏的rainy 下雨的cloudy 阴天的snowy 下雪的dusty 布满灰尘的muddy 泥泞的sunny 阳光明媚的foggy 有雾的icy 冰冷的,结冰的noisy 喧闹的tasty 美味可口的名词“花式”变形容词east eastern 东方的;向东的west western西方的;向西的trouble troublesome 令人烦恼的child childish孩子气的fool foolish 愚蠢的self selfish 自私的economy economic history historic energy energetic science scientific经济的历史上著名的精力充沛的科学的fortune fortunate 幸运的friendly 友好的gratitude grateful 感激的lovely 可爱的gold golden 黄金般的daily/weekly/monthly/yearly mistake mistaken 错误的;被误解的每日/周/月/年的pride proud 骄傲的costly 昂贵的V. 它们也是形容词!imagine imaginary 想象中的;虚构的oppose opposite 对面的;相反的形容词变副词1通常直接加ly mon monly 通常immediate immediately 立刻slow slowly 缓慢地常考且易错的副词2以ic结尾,加allyeconomic economically在经济上automatic automatically自动地dramatic dramatically 剧烈地;夸张地,hurriedly. .politely. .shyly, widely3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,将y已改为i,加ly busy busily 繁忙地happy happily 高兴地heavy heavily 沉重地healthy healthily 健康地lucky luckily 幸运地steady steadily 稳定地以le结尾,去掉e加yfortable gentle simple poSsible robable terriblefortably舒服地gently 温柔地simply 简单地possibly 可能地probably 可能地terribly 可怕地形容词加en变动词able large rich Sureenable enlarge enrich ensure使能够扩大使充实;使丰富确保名词加en变动词courage 勇气:胆量encourage鼓励danger endanger 使造危险broad sharp ripe wide short deep dark hard quicken broaden 变宽,拓宽sharpen 使敏锐;变锋利ripen 使成熟widen 使变宽shorten 使变短deepen 使加深darken 使变暗harden 使变硬quicken 使加快名词加ify/ize变动词ify class classify 把··分类beauty beautify美化quality qualify 使合格,具备资格clear just公正的izeorgan组织organize 组织;安排simpleterrible apology apologize 道歉real memory memorize 记住civil公民的:文化的summary概要Summarize 总结emphasis重点emphasize 强调形容词加ify/ize变动词clarify闽明:澄清justify 证明…正确simplify使简化terrify 使恐惧realize 认识到:实现civilize使文明:教化。
高考英语语法填空词性转换题规则
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词形转换题规则(Daniel)一.动词变名词1.动词变b(e)为p再加tion变为名词describe,absorb,subscribe,prescribe2.动词以me结尾去e再加ptionconsume,assume3.动词变ve为f变为名词believe,relieve,grieve4.动词加y变为名词discover,deliver,recover,特殊:tend-tendency unite-unity5.动词去掉e再加上y变为名词injure,(e)inquire6.动词以ze结尾把ze变为sis成名词analyze,emphasize-emphasis7.动词去e加上al或直接加al变为名词arrive,refuse,survive,approve,remove,propose,withdraw,rehearse,revive,rene w,dispose8.动词加ing变为名词begin,read,draw,feel,build,end,skate,cross,paint,suffer,find,mean,swim,teach ,train,say,cut,steal,set begin/swim/cut要双写连环变化,加上ing再加s变为复数belong,surround,save9.动词去掉t加上ssion变为名词permit,admit,submit10.动词去掉d(e)加sion变为名词decide,conclude,explode,persuade,expand,invade,include,exclude但compare-comparision11.动词加t变为名词complain,weigh 但pursue-pursuit12.动词加上age变为名词marry-marriage store-storage post-postage cover-coverageshort(形容词)—shortage13.两个动词去d加se变为名词defend,respond14.三个动词以se结尾变se为ce变为名词advise,practise15.两个动词变为名词后以ice结尾变为名词choose-choice serve-service16.动词加ence变为名词prefer,differ,exist,refer,occur,resist17.动词加ance变为名词appear,perform,assist,attend,accept,allow,acquaint 特殊:enter-entrance 18.动词去e再加ance变为名词guide,insure,tolerate19.动词以s或t结尾一般直接加ion变为名词30A:add,attract,adopt 3C:collect,connect,contradict,construct 4D:discuss,depress 2E:elect,express,exhibit,exhaust 4I:instruct,inspect,impress,invent,interact,inject,interrupt 7O:object,obsess 2P:possess,prevent,perfect,predict 4R:react,reflect 2S:suggest,select 2特殊:receive-reception recognize-recognition solve-solutionresolve-resolution destroy-destruction suspect-suspicion abolish-abolition 20.动词以te或se结尾一般去掉e再加上ion变为名词41A:appreciate,associate 2C:confuse,congratulate,celebrate,concentrate,communicate,circulate,consoli date 7D:decorate,devote,donate,distribute,discriminate,dictate 6E:educate,eliminate,evaluate,estimate 4F:fascinate,frustrate 2G:graduate 1H:hesitate,hibernate 2I:indicate,illustrate,innovate,immigrate 4L:locate,liberate 2M:motivate,migrate 2N.negotiate 1O:operate,obligate,oppose 3P:participate,pollute,promote 3R:revise 1S:situate 121.动词去掉e再加ation变为名词17A:admire,adore 2C:combine,converse,conserve 3D:determine 1E:explore,examine 2I:invite,imagine,inspire 3O:organize,observe 2P:prepare 1R:realize,reserve 2S:starve 1但administer-administration22.动词直接加ation变为名词expect,consider,present,transport,adapt,transform,limit,recommend,relax,te mpt23.两个动词需去掉倒数第二个i再加ation变为名词explain-explanation exclaim-exclamation24.以y结尾的动词去y加上action变为名词或变y为i再加action变为名词satisfy-satisfaction,qualify-qualificationapply-application,identify-identification25.动词以ce结尾去e再加tion变为名词introduce,reduce,induce,produce26.动词去掉e再加ition变为名词compete,oppose,compose特殊: repeat-repetition recognize-recognition27.动词去掉e变为名词breathe,bathe28.动词加上ment变为名词37A:achieve,advertise,amaze,astonish,arrange,agree,appoint,amuse,accomplish ,assess,argue 11C:commit 1D:develop,disappoint,discourage 3E:excite,equip,enjoy,entertain,embarrass,employ,encourage,establish,enforce 9F:fulfill 1G:govern 1I:involve,improve 2J:judge 1M:manage 1P:punish,pay 2R:require,retire,reinforce 3S:settle,state 2特殊:argue-argument 必须去掉e再加men judge-jud(e)ment有e无e都可以29.动词变ize为y变为名词apologize,memorize30.动词加上ure变为名词fail,mix,press,depart动词去掉e加上ure变为名词please,expose特殊:sign-signature31.动词加上ant变为名词assist,attend特别:apply-applicant participate-participant32.无规律变化prove-proof behave-behavior think-thought die-death fly-flighthate-hatred rob-robbery bleed-blood二.动词变形容词1.动词加上ite变为形容词favour,oppose-opposite2.动词的过去分词就是形容词alarm,acquire,adopt,hurt,wound,injure,lose,go,break,leave,relieve,bend,infor m ,marry,divorce,impress,devote,fix,note,endanger,locate,seat,addict,commit ,dedicate,involve,engage,prepare,age,balance,crowd,occupy,delight,overjoy, determine,disable,drink,distinguish,mistake,motivate,qualify,stress,learn,org anize,honor,privilege,fix,note,endanger3.动词的过去分词与现在分词就是形容词interest,move,surprise,worry,frighten,scare,terrify,amuse,excite,thrill,annoy,e mbarrass,please,shock,satisfy,convince,disappoint,discourage,depress,frustra te,amaze,astonish,annoy,inspire,exhaust4.动词加上ing变为形容词或去掉e再加上ing变为形容词miss,demand,reward,promise,challenge,invite,strike,remain,love,encourage,f ollow,lead,press,fill,fulfill5.动词加上able变为形容词comfort,favor,agree,accept,enjoy,suit,avoid,profit,replace,adapt,work6.动词去掉e再加上able变为形容词admire,desire,achieve,advise,adore 特殊:rely-reliable7.动词加上ial变为形容词benefit-benificial influence-influential8.动词加上ive变为形容词impress,attract,instruct,interact,protect,reflect,act,react,select,collect,support,express,exhaust9.动词去掉e再加ive变为形容词create,cooperate,communicate,innovate,appreciate,特殊:produce-productive compete-competitive attend-attentive10.动词加上ative变为represent,talk,imagine-imaginative11.动词变de为sive变为形容词decide,conclude,explode,include,exclude12.动词去e加上ant变为形容词ignore,tolerate特别:hesitate-hesitant13.动词加上ent变为形容词depend14.动词加上ful变为形容词care,cheer,thank,stress,regret15.动词加上ate变为形容词consider,fortune(名词)-fortunate16.动词加上ly变为形容词live,love17.动词加上ious变为形容词infect 但suspect--suspicious envy-envious continue-continuous18.动词加上less变为形容词care,end,help,count,use19.特殊slip-slippery volunteer-voluntary三.名词变形容词1.名词加上ful变为形容词success,shame,care,cheer,thank,stress,regret,peace,skill,meaning,help,use,pa in,beauty,thought,colour,sorrow,hope,doubt,tear,grace2.以ce结尾的名词把ce变为t变为形容词importance,confidence,difference,silence,convenience,patience,absence,pres ence,independence,significance,diligence,intelligence,excellence,violence,co mpetence,distance,evidence,innocence,arrogance,consequence,coincidence,c onsistence3.名词加上ive变为形容词effect,subject,object,mass,excess 但expense-expensive4.名词加上al变为形容词tradition,education,environment,convention,accident,occasion,person,origin, nation,music,emotion,addition,season,coast特殊:center-central society-social medicine-medical technique-technical 5.名词去e加上al变为形容词practice,globe,culture,universe,nature,6.以cs结尾的名词把s变为al变为形容词politics-political physics-physical geography-geographical mathematics-mathematical7.名词变y为i加(c)al变为形容词history-historical chemistry-chemical technology-technologicalindustry-industrial8.名词去e加ial变为形容词face,influence,finance,commerce特殊:part-partial benefit-beneficial confidence-confidential society-social essence-essential9.ic结尾的形容词energy-energetic science-scientific base-basic reality-realistic artist-artistic enthusiasm-enthusiastic fantasy-fantastic volcano-volcanicreality-realistic system-systematic sympathy-sympathetic10.名词加上ible变为形容词access,terror-terrible,sense-sensible,horror-horrible11.名词加上able变为形容词avail,reason,comfort,fashion,value-valuable,knowledge-knowledgeable 12.名词加上en变为形容词wood,wool13.名词加上ly变为形容词friend,week,love,time,mother,father,man,child特殊:day-daily14.名词加上less变为形容词self,speech,aim,count,care,help,hope,home,use,price,worth,value penny—penniless15.名词加上ed变为形容词detail,talent,gift,skill,experience,crowd16.变y为i再加ous变为形容词vary(动词),harmony,mystery17.名词加上ous变为形容词humor,courage,danger,mountain,poison,fame-famous,adventure-adventurous18.三个名词以tion结尾把n变为us变为名词caution,ambition,religion19.以ty结尾的名词变形容词curiosity,generosity,anxiety,20.名词加上ish变为形容词fool,self,child21.名词加上y变为形容词health,wealth,risk,luck,need,mess,sleep,thirst,dirt,salt,cloud,wind,rain,snow, greed,mist,guilt,smell,rock,blood,stick,water,hand,hill fog-foggy sun-sunny mud-muddy22.名词去e再加y变为形容词taste,juice,noise,scare,spice,ice23.两个名词去掉倒数第二个字母e再加y变为形容词anger,hunger四.形容词变名词1.两个以ous结尾的形容词去掉u在s后加ity变为名词curious,generous2.两个以ous结尾的形容词把ous变为ety变为名词various,anxious特殊:social-society3.三个去e加上ity变为名词diverse,creative,secure4.六个形容词加ity变为名词major,minor,equal,real,similar,popular特殊:necessary-necessity5.三个形容词以t结尾加上y变为名词honest,modest,difficult6.形容词加上ty变为名词safe,certain,cruel7.以ble结尾的形容词把ble变为bility即3变6变为名词able,possible,responsible,available,flexible,capable8.形容词加上ness变为名词kind,careful,weak,dark,careless,eager,willing,sick,ill,fit9.形容词需要变y为i再加ness变为名词happy,friendly,lonely,lazy10.形容词或动词加上th变为名词warm,grow特殊:deep-depth11.两个形容词以ong结尾变ong为ength变为名词long,strong特殊:young-youth12.两个形容词需去e再加th变为名词true,wide13.两个以eight结尾的名词weigh-weight,high-height14.形容词去t加cy变为名词efficient,fluent,frequent,urgent,emergent,vacant15.形容词去te加cy变为名词accurate,private16.去e加y结尾的名词injure,brave-bravery17.形容词加上(d)om变为名词free,wise-wisdom,bored18.两个形容词以tinct结尾加上ion变为名词distinct,extinct五.名词变动词1.名词加上后缀en变为动词fright,light,bright,red,strength,threat,length2.名词加上前缀en变为动词danger,courage,joy,force,counter,title,code3.名词加上前缀em变为动词body,power,brace六.形容词变动词1.形容词加上后缀en变为动词loose,tight,wide,deep,weak,worse,less,soft,broad,short2.形容词加上前缀en变为动词able,large,rich,sure,close七.形容词变副词的特殊情况1.以le结尾的形容词去e加y变为副词高中常考:simple,terrible,possible,gentle,probable,comfortable,flexible ,responsible,incredible,inevitable,unbelievable,unavoidable其它可能会考:idle,able,,reliable,considerable,(in)visible,stable,remarkable, favorable,sustainable,portable, horrible,admirable,noticeable, miserable,memorable,fashionable (这些权当过过词汇瘾)特殊whole--wholly sole-solely2.两个形容词以ue结尾需要去掉不发音的字母e再加ly变为副词true,due3.两个以ll结尾的形容词加上y变为副词full-fully,dull-dully4.以ic结尾的形容词加上ally变为副词basic,scientific,automatic,optimistic,magic,pessimistic,enthusiastic,energetic ,sympathetic,systematic,terrific,dramatic,fantastic,historic,authentic,allergic, domestic,democratic, economic,gigantic,realistic,romantic特殊:public-publicly5.双重变化shy-shyly/shily dry-dryly/drily6.名词变副词名词+ward(s) backwards,northwards名词+ways sideways名词+wise clockwise,crosswise。
高考英语词性知识点总结
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高考英语词性知识点总结一、词性的定义与分类词性是指单词在句子中担任的基本语法角色,是确定单词在句子中位置和函数的重要依据。
英语中常见的词性有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。
1. 名词(Noun):用来表示人、事、物、地点、抽象概念等的名称。
例如:dog(狗)、book(书)、happiness(幸福)等。
2. 代词(Pronoun):用来代替名词并在句子中担任名词的角色。
例如:he(他)、this(这个)、everyone(每个人)等。
3. 形容词(Adjective):用来修饰名词或代词,表达事物的性质、状态、特征等。
例如:beautiful(美丽的)、big(大的)、happy(快乐的)等。
4. 副词(Adverb):用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
例如:quickly(快速地)、very(非常)、here(这里)等。
5. 动词(Verb):表示动作、存在、状态等。
动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
例如:eat(吃)、run(跑)、be(是/存在)等。
6. 介词(Preposition):用来引导名词或代词进行修饰,表示方位、时间、原因等关系。
例如:in(在……之内)、on(在……上面)、for(为了)等。
7. 连词(Conjunction):用来连接词汇、短语、从句等。
例如:and(和)、but(但是)、if(如果)等。
8. 感叹词(Interjection):用来表达强烈的情感、感叹、呼唤等。
例如:oh(哦)、wow(哇)等。
二、常见的词性转换词性转换是指根据上下文和词汇的语法搭配,将一个词的词性转换成另一种词性。
1. 名词转动词:通过在名词前添加动词前缀(如re-, un-, de-等)或后缀(如-ize, -ify等),改变词性。
例如:friend(名词,朋友)→befriend(动词,与某人交朋友).2. 形容词转副词:一般在形容词后面加-ly,如slow(形容词,慢的)→slowly(副词,慢慢地)。
高考英语复习专项突破:语法填空之词性转换、比较等级和名词的数(全国通用)
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语法填空之词性转换、比较等级和名词的数距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。
在解答此类题目时,一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,前面可能会有冠词、形容词或者形容词性物主代词修饰;动词作谓语与非谓语;形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词;副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级。
三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判定是否考查词形转换[经典感悟]【例】(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65.____________(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.____________(meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.解析:第一步:确定是否考查词形转换。
高考英语语法填空常考词性转换全汇总
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历年高考常考词性转换全汇总,赶快练起来!词性转换在高考英语中极其重要,特别是在语篇填空题,几乎每年都有1-3个空都是要对括号给出的单词进行词性的转换。
小编整理了历年高考真题中的词类转换词,高考前再巩固一遍,一定能拿高分!句子成分与词性的关系词性转换在高考英语中极其重要,特别是在语篇填空题,几乎每年都有1-3个空都是要对括号给出的单词进行词性的转换。
小编整理了历年高考真题中的词类转换词,高考前再巩固一遍,一定能拿高分!句子成分与词性的关系解题技巧①若提示词在主语或宾语的位置,且前面有冠词、形容词、物主代词等,一般填名词形式。
②若提示词作表语,或修饰后面的名词,一般填形容词形式。
③若提示词对整个句子或对其前、后的动词、形容词起修饰作用,一般填副词形式。
④要牢记常见的后缀形式,确保正确转换词性。
活用构词法,秒杀词性转换牢记几种常考的构词法1.形容词变副词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀3.动词变名词的后缀常见的动词变名词的后缀有-al,-ance,-ence,-ion,-tion,-ation,-(ss)ion,-ing,-ment,-ure,-ture,-y等。
4.动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有-able,-al,-ful,-ed,-ing,-ible,-ive,-ous,-some,-y,-ern,-ish等。
5.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有dis -,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,un-,-less等。
6.变动词的前缀和后缀近年高考英语5大类词形转换全汇总1形容词→副词形容词变副词的一般情况1. (2019·全国Ⅱ卷)final最终的→finally终于2. (2018·全国Ⅱ卷、2014·全国Ⅰ卷)actual真实的→actually 实际上3. (2016·全国Ⅰ卷)official正式的→officially正式地4. (2016·全国Ⅲ卷)gradual逐渐的→gradually 逐渐地tips:关于形容词词尾l,同学们怕是有很多误会,要知道变副词时:"ll"结尾加-y,如full→fully,dull→dully;"le"结尾e改y, 高中阶段只有whole→wholly是例外。
2023届高考英语复习之语法透析:词性转换(构词法)课件
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act → active 积极的;活跃的 ive effect → effective 有效的;生效的
attract → attractive 有吸引力的 impress → impressive 给人印象深刻的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀ous
direct → indirect 间接的
02 考点精析 ir-
前缀 mis-
un
regular → irregular 不规则的 responsible → irresponsible 不负责任的
lead → mislead 误导 understand → misunderstand误解 usual → unusual 不寻常的 willing → unwilling 不愿意的 happy → unhappy 不高兴的 known → unknown 不出名的
02 考点精析
动词转化为名词 后缀ance/ence
appear → appearance 出现;外貌 perform → performance 表演;节目 exist → existence 存在;生存 prefer → preference 偏爱 refer → reference 参考;查阅 guide → guidance 指引;指导
doubt → doubtful 怀疑的 forget → forgetful 健忘的 harm → harmful 有害的 hope → hopeful 有希望的 peace → peaceful 和平的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀
scare → scared 感到恐惧的 -ed confuse → confused 感到困惑的
高考英语语法填空给题词--词性词义变化
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回顾曾经做过的一篇语法填空
Do you feel under the weather and want to speed up your recovery? Or do you want to avoid_g_et_t_in_g__ ( get)sick altogether? If you have the right foods, they can help _y_o_u_r_ (you) immune system fight off illness. Let me tell you some foods which
Mom _to__b_ri_n_g__(bring) you chicken soup when you're
sick.
It provides electrolytes(电解质), and may decrease cold __s_y_m_t_o_m_s___(sypmtom). You have to 6. 名词复数
1. 非谓语动词 2. 代词变化 3. 词性变化
can make you _h_e_a_lt_h_y__(health). Garlic. It is a natural antibiotic(抗生素),which
can reduce the severity of the colds and other infections and build up the immune system.
• 介词 • 冠词 • 连词 • 代词
3题
词性词义题
Testing points (10 题)
给词题 (变) 谓语和非谓语---必考 词性变化 ----- 必考 名词复数 ---(常考) 形容词副词比较级和最高级
专题:语法填空之词性转换课件 2023届高考英语一轮复习
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➢ Rules:1. 冠+名 2. 形+名
4.
.
3. 介+名
动+名
练习5:词性转换——动转形
1. After careful (care) consideration, we have decided to offer your the job. 2. I felt very disappointed(disappoint) when I heard the disappointing(disappoint) news. 3. The boy suddenly jumped off the tree, which made us frightened (frighten). 4. The students were interested (interest) in the girl’s exciting speech. 5. It is useless (use) worrying about things that won’t happen.
专题: 语法填空 Grammar Filling
高考真题:【2022 新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).
2. China has a respons6i5bility (responsible)to work with other countries to
高考英语词性分类与用法梳理,帮你搞定语法填空
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在英语学习中,很多同学分不清楚什么是代词、名词,还是形容词,也不太清楚这些词该如何用,导致考试的时候,随便选一个,对错只能靠运气了,这样势必会影响成绩。
其实,英语中的这些词性,看似很容易弄混,但也有规律可循,距离高考还有二十几天的时间,小天对英语词性分类与用法进行了梳理,帮助同学们掌握词性的同时,提升英语语法填空成绩与能力。
1. 名词名词是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人、地方、机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等;普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
小天提示:名词有时可以单独作为一个句子。
名词,还有可数名词、不可数名词的区别,同学们在学习中要注意。
(两者之间的用法可以参考之前的推文)2. 代词英语中的代词按其意义、特征及在句中的作用通常分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。
1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分:主格有I, you, he, she, it, we, they等,宾格有me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them等。
2)物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种:形容词性物主代词my, your, his,her等,名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers等。
3) 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,等。
4)指示代词:this, that, these, those等。
5)疑问代词:what, which, who, whom, whose等。
6)不定代词:some,any, something, somebody等。
7)关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等。
英语语法--词性
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英语语法名词1.名词是生物,事物,地方以及抽象概念的名称,如:Ben(班),cat(猫),pen(钢笔),London(伦敦),time(时间)等。
2.名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词1.可数名词有单复数之分,前面可加数词或冠词,如:boy(男孩),book(书),class(班级),family(家庭)。
2.可数名词包括普通名词,集合名词和少数专有名词。
【参见不可数名词】普通名词1.普通名词包括生物,事物,地方等的名称,单位名称和有限定并可算其次数的名词,即可和take 或have连用表示动作的与动词同形的名词,如:boy(男孩),office(办公室),idea(主意),book(书),mile(英里),(have) a look(看一看),(take) a walk(散步)等。
2.普通名词受代名形容词或所有格修饰时,不再加冠词,如:this(my,our,every,each,John's)book。
3.复数普通名词可用many,few,a few,a lot of等修饰;不用much,little等修饰。
【参见集合名词】集合名词1.集合名词是表示由若干个体组成的集合体的名称,如:family(家庭),class(班级),police(警察),cattle(牛),clothing(衣服),jewelry(珠宝)等。
2.集合名词指整体时被看作单数名词;集合名词指整体的构成分子时被看作复数名词。
Her family was very poor.她家很穷。
My family are all here.我的家人都在这里。
3.集合名词用many,few,a few,a lot of等修饰,不用much,little修饰。
【参见普通名词,名词的数,主谓一致】不可数名词1.不可数名词是因不能数而无单复数之分的名词,一般用no,any,some,little,much等修饰,如:food(食物),truth(真相)等。
英语语法——词性
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感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分,却在意义上与它有关连,后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富于表现力的词语之一,用途甚广。学会它,对于提高英语的交际能力,表达复杂的思想起着举足轻重的作用。英语中的感叹词很多,但目前的语法著作中却很少对它进行归纳总结,致使许多人对含有感叹词的句子理解不透。现将部分感叹词的用法进行小结: 一、Oh 表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。 1. "Oh, who was that?" Mr. Black asked.“哦,是谁?”布莱克先生问。 2. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried.“哎呀,你们真瞎!”他大声道。 3. "Oh, oh!" he cried. "My stomach! My head! oh! oh!“哎呀,哎哟!”他大声道,“我的肚子!我的头!哎哟!哎哟!” 4.Oh, learned judge! Oh, wise young man. 噢,博学的法官!噢,聪明的年轻人!
句子成分
一个句子一般皆由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。如: (1) Professor Ward teaches Engilsh to university students. 沃德教授给大学生教英语。 句中的 Professor Ward即是主语部分,teaches English to university students 即是谓语部分。 句子成分(members of the sentence )是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子由各个句子成分所构成。 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。 主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。那么,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述。
高考英语语法代词详解
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高考英语语法(Fa)代词详解高考对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和(He)关系代词等.设置特定的语境,对代词的数、性、格的变化进行考查仍(Reng)然是高考的热点.Ⅰ代词(Ci)的分类1.人称代(Dai)词:主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代词:形容词性my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代词:单数myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数ourselves, yourselves, themselves4.相互代词:each other (两者之间相互);one another (两者以上的相互)5.指示代词:this, that, these, those6.疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词:who, whom, whose, that(指人),which, that, as, whose (指物)8.不定代词:all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less一、人称代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格I you he,she,itwe you they宾格me you him,her,itus you them人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补足语.如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后(Hou)他回家了. John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.说明:在复合(He)句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中.Whe n he arrived,John went straight to the bank.约(Yue)翰一到就直接去银行了.2.人称代词的宾格在句子(Zi)中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语.如(Ru):I saw her with them;at least,I thought it washer.(第一个her作动词宾语,them作介词宾语,第二个her作表语)—Who broke the vase?谁打碎了花瓶?—Me.我.3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换(1)宾格代替主格在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语.—I like English..—Me too.—Have more wine?—Not me..在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格. 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格.He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格.在电话用语中常用主格.—I wish to speak to Mary..—This is she.注意:在动词be 或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定.I thought it was she.我以为是她.(主格——主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格——宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她.(主格——主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她.(宾格——宾格)4.代词的指代问题1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he,his,him代替.如:Nobody came,did he?2)动物名(Ming)词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he,she,带有亲切的感情色彩.如(Ru):Give the cat some food.She is hungry..3)指代车(Che)或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she.5.并列人称代词(Ci)的排列顺序1)单数人称代(Dai)词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→ 第三人称→第一人称,即you→ he/she; it → I.如:You,he and I should return on time.你,他还有我应该按时回来.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→ 第二人称→第三人称,即we→you→they.在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面.在承认错误,承担责任时.It was I and John that made herangry.是我和约翰惹她生气了.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时.二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格.物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人称和数的变化见下表.单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词形容词性my your his,her,its our your their名词性mine your shis,hers,itsours yours theirsOur school is here,and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿.1.物主代词的用法1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用.如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.?2)物主(Zhu)代词有形容词性(my,your等)和名词性(mine,yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词.名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了(Liao)中心名词的’s属格结构.如(Ru):Jack’s cap意(Yi)为The cap is Jack’s .His cap意(Yi)为The cap is his.2.名词性物主代词的句法功能1)作主语.如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.2)作宾语.如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.3)作介词宾语.如:You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours.4)作表语.如:The life I have is yours.It’s yours.It’s yours.3.双重所有格物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another ,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格.公式为:a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词.三、指示代词指示代词表示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词.指示代词有this,that,these,those等.如:That is a good idea.指示代词的用法1.指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词.2.指示代词的句法功能.1)作主语.如:This is the way to do it.2)作宾语.如:I like this better than that.3)作表语.如:My point is this.4)作介词宾语.如:I don’t say no to that. There is no fear of that.说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人.如:(对)Th at is my teacher.那是我的老师.(that作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚.(this作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时(Shi)不能指人)(对)I bought this.我买这(Zhe)个.(this指物,可作(Zuo)宾语)说明2:that和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较(Jiao):(对)He admired that which looked beautiful.(对) He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏(Shang)那些外表漂亮的人.(those指人)(错) He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those指人)(对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西.(those指物)四、反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”.如:She was talking to herself.她自言自语.反身代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称myself yourself himselfherselfitselfourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法1.作宾语,如1)有些动词需有反身代词,如absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave等.如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.2)用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如:take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth等.I could not dress(myself)up at that time.注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up,stand up,wake up等.Please sit down.2.用作表语.如.I am not myself today.3.用作(Zuo)同位语.如(Ru)The thing itself is not important.4.在不(Bu)强调的情况下,but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.注(Zhu)意:1)反身代词本身不能单独作(Zuo)主语.(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车.2)但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.Charles and myself saw it.查尔斯和我看见了这件事.五、相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other和oneanother两个词组.他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的.如:It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.,相互借鉴的相互代词宾格each other,one another所有格each other’s,one another’s相互代词的句法功能1.作动词宾语.如:People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱.2.可作介词宾语.Dogs bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.犬吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱.说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another.现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多.He put all the books beside each other/one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来.Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的.3.相互代词可加’s构成所有格.如:The students borrowed each other’s notes.六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词.常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some,any,no等的合成代词,如anybody,something,noone.这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any ,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语.如:—Do you have a car?— Yes,I have one.—I don’t know any of them.他们,Ⅱ代词的用法1. nothing, none, no onenone作为代词,最常用来表示数量,它可以(Yi)是一个可数的概念(howmany)也可以是一个不可数的概念(howmuch),或者any引起的问题;而nothing是相对于something(有某物)什么都没有,它回答的是“What isin/on...”的问题;而no one=nobody没有人,它回答的是“Who didthat?”(谁……)或是anyone(有没有人)的问题.2. one, ones, that, those, it(1)one和ones可以(Yi)用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one代单数(Shu),ones代复数,其(Qi)中:两者都可以指代物(Wu)(只要是可数)one前面一般不加a,因为它本身有“一个”的意思,但如果one前面有形容词修饰,则需要加a/an.one可以单独使用,意思为“任何人”.例如:—Shall we have a rest?—Didn’t we just have one?(因为one=a something)One should always believe in oneself.(2)that与those:that可以代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数(相当于the one;而those代替前面提到的复数名词,有时可以用the ones替换.例如:The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population)The boy told his story and that of the girl next room.(that=the story)The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.(those=the cell phones=the ones)(3)one和(He)it:两者都可以用来代替前(Qian)面出现过的单数名词,one指这类东西中(Zhong)的任何一个,指类属,泛指.it指前面(Mian)所指的同一物.例(Li)如:I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one? (one =a pen) I cannot find my new pen. Have you seen it?(it指那支新钢笔)3. another, the other, other, others, the others(1)another和the other:两者都是“另一个”的意思,但数量上有区别:用another指两个以上的数量,而theother只指两个中的另一个,例如:He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer.注:another除了可以作代词,还可以用作形容词.这里有必要区别another, theother和more的用法:①another:another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词+复数名词”看作是一个整体.例如:—Have you finished your report yet?—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.②other:表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前.例如:Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.Do you know where he found the other two photos?③more:more一般位于数词之后,名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后.例如:One more step(One step more),and I’ll shoot you.Where shall we be in ten more years?more除跟数词外,还可与many, a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,例如:There are many more dictionaries on the desk.Would you like some more tea?(2) others, the othersothers是相对于(Yu)some来说的:some...some....others...(一些(Xie)……一些……另一些……)是泛指;而(Er)the others是特(Te)指另一些,相对于ones(可以理解为one, the other的(De)复数).例如:Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. (泛指)There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.(特指)4. both, other, neither, each, any, allboth:两者都,谓语动词用复数;either:两者中间的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;neither:两者中间无任何一个,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数;each:两个或两个以上中的每一个,谓语动词用单数;any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;all:三者或三者以上全部;5. some, any, nosome属于肯定词,主要用于肯定句中,但当说话人期待肯定回答时,也可以用于疑问句中.例如:Could I have some more tea, please? Would you like some more coffee?any属于非肯定词,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中.它可以与形容词的比较级连用.例如:D on’or I’ll shoot!no属于否定词,用于否定句中:no+可数名词单数=not a/an no+可数名词复数=notany.例如:There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.【考点诠释】纵观历年高考试题,代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面:不定代词one,the one,ones,the ones;物主代词的用法;人称代词主格和宾格的用法;表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;指示代词this,that,these,those,it的用法;another,(the)other(s),else;the rest的用法;every-,some-,any-,no-与-thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法.考点1 人(Ren)称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时用宾格;作定语时用形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词可以(Yi)代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”.但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格(Ge)形式.1.用于无谓(Wei)语的句子中一Dpes any of you know why Jack hasn’?一Me..答语如果带谓语,就(Jiu)得用主格,如:I can.和I do,too./So do I.2.表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等①Do you have good eyesight,young man?一Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.②What?Me fight a big chap like him?Not me!3.代替as,than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中,尤其用于句末)①I’m not as tall as him(he)..②)She is much more careful than me(I).她比我细心得多.当这类人称代词带有all,both等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了.如:He works harder than us a11.典例:Our neighbers gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell from its nest. A.us;it B.us;itself C.ourselves;itself D.ourselves;it考点2指不代词1.this/these,that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容;that,those指代上面陈述过的内容.如:①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.②That’sa11.Thank you.③Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.2.一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定①Who’s that?你是谁?②)This is Mary.③11at’s all right/OK..(对感谢的答语)④nat’S nothing..(对道歉的答语) ‘⑤That’s that.(表示决定不能更改)⑥That’S a11.就这些了.⑦That is…那就是……3.this,that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么”,用在形容词或副词前作状语,表示程度It isn’t that cold.还(Huan)没那么冷.考点3不(Bu)定代词以下是几组(Zu)易混不定代词:1.some类不定代(Dai)词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中(Zhong);any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中.如:Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题,请举手.(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some类的不定代词.如:Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何(一个);任何事情;无论什么”.如:She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情.2.all,both,neither,none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”.如:①Both(of)his hands were wounded.②All(of)his fingers were wounded.(2)neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数;none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人,也可用于物,后可接of短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式.如:①Neither of the twins is/are correct.②None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall.3.any,either,each,every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中.也可用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的概念;还可以用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”.如:I didn’t eat any meat.我一点儿肉也没吃.4.no,none,nothing,nobody(1)no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词.如:You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心.(2)none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of连用.如:①None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书都不适合(He)年轻人读.②一(Yi)How many people are there in the room?一None.没人.(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑(Yi)问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句.如(Ru):一(Yi)Who is in the room?谁在屋内? 一Nobody.没有人.5.it,one,ones, that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰.one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰.如:①Where is that book?I can’t find it.那本书在哪儿?我找不到它.②I haven’t got any erasers.Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮,请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词,one前要用定冠词the,有时that和the one可互换使用.如:The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed.(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于:that既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those.one只能代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones.当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that.当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时,用that,不用one.如:①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan.②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door.Your coat is blue,and my new one is green.你的大衣是蓝色的,我的新大衣是绿色的.(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下.如:The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.6.another,other,others,more(1)another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”.还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示”再,又”.如:①was there another way out? ②we’d better wait another five mi nutes.特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student,不能说成another one student.(2)other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some,any,no之(Zhi)后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”;接单数名词时,还可以用在冠词the后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other),或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others),others泛指”其他的(事物),别人”.如(Ru):Done remained and the other went away.②We should learn to treat others as equals.7.something,anything,everything,nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中(Zhong),也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中.如(Ru):Could you do something for me?请为我(Wo)做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中.如:There isn’t anything inside.(3)everything意为”一切事物”,可用在肯定句或疑问句中.用于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything.如:Everything is good when new,but friends when old.东西是新的好,朋友是老的亲.(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用.如:①Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而废.(谚语)②Fools learn nothing from wise men,but wise men learn much from fools.愚者不学无术,智者不耻下问.(谚语)典例1:(2010高考英语江西卷,27)Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _______ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词.句意:游泳是我最爱的运动.再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了.There is nothing like…意即”没有什么能像……了”.典例2:(2009陕西)Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn’t answer of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some典例3:(2009江苏 of their parents.A.those B.one C.both D.that解析D 句意:十分之九的家长认为他们教育孩子的方法和他们父母的教育方法有明显(Xian)的差别.在同一句话(Hua)中,指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类,即同名异物,要用that.考点4 反身代(Dai)词1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语,以及名(Ming)词、代词的同位语①The text itself is very easy.(作(Zuo)主语的同位语)②(Either)Jane or yourself will go there..(作并列主语,但不能单独作主语)③He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.[谚]自嘲者不会让人嘲笑. ④Respect yourseff,or no one else will respect you.[谚]要人尊敬,必须自重.2.主语与宾语是同一个人时,应当用反身代词teach oneself,enjoy oneself,help oneself,throw oneself,look after oneself3.在系动词后作表语,常用于否定句,表示身体不适I don’t know what’S the matter with me.I’m not myself today.4.用在交际英语中①Help yourseff!②Make yourself at home!③Don’t upset yourself!5.辨别几组搭配by oneself独自for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量;of oneself~t动地;to oneself独占,典例:Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?A.hireself B.him C.itself D.it考点5 it的用法在英语中,运用it的场合较多.从它在句中的作用和意义来看,it的用法可分为三类:1.指代作用(1)用作人称代词,代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词).如:Although we cannot see it,there is air all around us.(2)代替前面的整个句子.如:It is said that he has died of a disease,but it isn’t true.(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this,that.如:一What is this?这是什么? 一It’s a bike.(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人.如:①The baby cried because it Was hungry.婴儿哭是因为饿了.(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)②一Who is knocking at the door? 一It’s me.(5)指环境(Jing)、情形等.如(Ru):①I can’t stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况(Kuang)了.②Take it easy.别(Bie)紧张.(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及(Ji)自然现象.如:①It’s getting colder and colder now.现在越来越冷了.②It is winter now.现在是冬天了.2.形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语.如:(I)It’s no use crying over spilt milk.[谚]覆水难收.②It takes three generations to make a gentleman.[谚]十年树木,百年树人.(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时,往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前.如:①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events.特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中,谓语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make(按时到达,成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.如:①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话,我会不胜感激.②The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做.3.强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调.强调句型的基本结构为:Itis/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分.【高考链接】1If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves【答案】D主语为we,因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生.2. (2010高考英语重庆卷,23)He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never foundof them again.A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all【答(Da)案】 B.由his temper and his health可以排除CD,由后面的never表否定,选(Xuan)either,never/not either是全部否定,相当于neither.3. that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.A.One B.All C.EverythingD.AnythingB此处All that's important相当于What's important,在主句中(Zhong)作主语,表示“重要的是……”4. (2010高考英语(Yu)天津卷,6)in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the PalaceMuseum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something5.(2010高考英语四(Si)川卷,7)On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was ababy. A. him B. his C. me D. mine【答案】Ctake a photo of sb意为给某人照相,此处应用人称代词的宾格.6.t is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall ofChina, and is Japans Kansai International Airport.A.another B.other C.the other D.either【答案】C.两者中的一个用one,两者中的另一个用the other,上句有提示two man—made structures,所以用one…the other结构.7.(The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city. A.that B. this C. it D. one【答案】A在西安市中心租一套房子的费用比在该市任何其他地区租一套房子的费用都要高.根据句意可知,空处指代The cost of renting a house,应该用that.8.Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.A. itB. thatC. whatD. one9.The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country A soB. muchC. thatD. it【答案】D题(Ti)干中含有make it difficult for sb to do sth结构.形式宾语it代(Dai)替后面的动词不定式短语to get a job in that country.10.Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _______ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything【答案】C句意:游泳是我(Wo)最爱的运动.再没(Mei)有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了.There is nothing like…意即”没有什么能像(Xiang)……了”.11When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me ?A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing【答案】 C.A项意为:“每件事”,B项意为“任何事”;C项意为“某事”;D项意为“没什么”.句意为:“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时,请为我说话吧.”something用在问剧中表示建议或请求,期望得到肯定或者所问问题可能性很大时.12.'ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and half learning drawing.A. anotherB. the otherC. other’sD. other【答案】B句意:假期我会把一半时间用于练习英语,另一半用于学习绘画.half表示“一半”,the other half表示“另一半”.the other指两个事物中的“另一个”.13The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it14.Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other【答案】 B句意为:“双方都不准备和对方交流,除非我们能做一些调停的(De)事情.”首先注意本句的Neither说明问题是出在两个对立方,而双方不打算作出让步(Bu),所以这里选B,the other指两者中的另一方.而another指的三者(Zhe)或三者以上;others是针对两大类人的,常与some对应,没有one other的说法.15You are a team star! Working with is rally your cup of tea.A. both B.either C. others D.the other答(Da)案:1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.B 18.B19.D 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.C 31.A 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.D 36.A37.A 38.A 39.B 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.B 44.C 45.D 46.C 47.D4 8.B 49.B 50.D参(Can)考答案:1-5 ADAAB 6-10 CBAAC 11-15 BACCB 16-20 BBBDD21-25 DCCCB 26-30 DCBAD 31-35 CCABA 36-40 ADBCB41-45 CCDBD 46-50 CADAC 51-53 CCB。
近10年高考英语全国卷(I、II、III)语法填空词性分类考点分析及典型真题详解(老师版)
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Recent66(study) show that we are far more productive at work.(2016年全国II卷)
69.careful本题主要考查名词变形容词.结合句意及空格前的be可知此处应填入的是形容词,故此处应填入的是care的形容词形式careful,故正确答案为careful.
Just be70(patience).(2014年全国I卷)
70.patient考查形容词.横线前面有系动词be,说明此处应用形容词,本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点.patient形容词,意为"耐心的";patience名词,意为"耐心".故填patient.
67.causes,考查名词的数,cause "原因",为可数名词,前面有all,所以用复数.
It has had some unintended side62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.(2017年全国I卷)
62.effects本题主要考查名词单复数.由空格前的some可知,此处应使用effect的复数形式effects.故正确答案为effects.
69.changes考查名词复数.横线后面是系动词are,说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词,所以用changes.故填changes.change既可以作名词也可以作动词,在此为名词.
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible61(crowd) on the roads.(2017年全国II卷)
高中英语2025届高考语法复习词性知识讲解(名词+数词+连词)
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高考英语语法复习
词性知识讲解
一、名词
(一)名词的数
(1)有些物质名词表示个体概念时常可数。
Wind风-a wind一阵风
(2)抽象名词表示具体事物时为可数名词。
Beauty美人
(3)专有名词有时可用作可数名词。
How I wish to be a Newton!我多么想成为牛顿式的人啊!
(二)名词的所有格
of前面是picture、photo、portrait等名词时,用of所有格与双重所有格表示的意义有所不同。
-a photo of my brother(照片中的人就是我哥哥)
-a photo of my brother’s(我哥哥拥有这张照片)
(三)名词作定语与所有格作定语的区别
名词作定语一般用其单数形式,但有些则以复数名词作定语。
A stone bridge
A meeting room
A clothes shop
A sports car
二、数词
(一)时间和编号的表达法
(二)小数、分数和百分数的表达法
(三)数词的句法功能
三、连词
(一)并列连词
(二)引导状语从句的从属连词
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
It is doubtful whether the patient will survive the operation.。
英语词性语法总结归纳
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英语词性语法总结归纳 英语的语法⼤家了解多少呢,对于英语来说,我们第⼀步要了解的就是应粗词性的分类,只有把词性了解透彻了,我们在阅读和写作当中,才能够出⾊的应对考题,⼩编在这⾥整理了相关知识,快来学习学习吧! 英语词性语法总结归纳 ⼀.名词 I. 名词的种类:专有名词普通名词国名.地名.⼈名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 II. 名词的数: 1. 规则名词的复数形式: 名词的复数形式,⼀般在单数形式后⾯加-s或-es。
现将构成⽅法与读⾳规则列表如下:规则例词1⼀般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dis h-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅⾳字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, ci ty-cities5以元⾳字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅⾳字母加-o结尾的名词⼀般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元⾳字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2. 不规则名词复数: 英语⾥有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元⾳字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-gee se, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses , compasses, contents4⼀些集体名词总是⽤作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, co mmittee, government, population, crew, team, public , enemy, partycustoms(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情6复数形式表⽰特别含义绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(⽂件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智⼒), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表⽰“某国⼈”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends⽆主体名词时将最后⼀部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants III. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表⽰所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
高考英语语法之词性分类及用法讲义
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高中英语语法之词性分类及用法英语词性总结词汇是学习英语的基础,想要快速的记忆单词,词性是必须要了解的,这样避免在后期的学习过程中出现错误。
今天我们为大家整理了英语词性总结,一起来看一下吧。
名词名词指的是表示事物名称的词,分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词包括人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团地名等专有的名称,第一个字母大写,例如Lily, China, Sunday, The Times, Class One 等。
普通名词分为可数和不可数名词。
可数名词表示一个的时候用单数形式,即原形,如a box. 表示一个以上用复数形式,如two boxes. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,表示数量时要借助于a piece of, a glass of, a cup of等短语,如two pieces of paper.代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种介词介词是一种用来表示词词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。
连词连词是一种连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接作用。
连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
形容词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的特征或性质的,形容词往往被译成“···的”。
副词一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick加上-ly变成副词quickly。
但是副词并不是那么简单哟!副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念,一般放在行为在动词之前,be动词、助动词之后。
冠词说到冠词,a 、an和the,冠词就是指这三兄弟。
2024届高考英语语法填空之词性变化(二)课件
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7. 以后缀-ical结尾的形容词 economical 经济的;节约的 electrical 与电有关的 historical 与历史有关的 logical 逻辑的 magical 神奇的;像变魔术似的 musical 音乐的;悦耳的 political 政治的
8. 形容词+后缀-ly变为副词 fluent→fluently 流利地 frequent→frequently 频繁地;经常地 actual→actually 实际上 entire→entirely 完全;全部地 gradual→gradually 逐渐地 fortunate→fortunately 幸运地 final→finally 最后 extreme→extremely 极其
【答案】41.better42.when/as43.simply44.are45.explanations46.thinking47.ourselves48.is having/has49.to50.a【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌 来让自己好受一些,但是为什么更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢?社会心理学有的派别 认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些,有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心 理共鸣,所以感觉会好一些。41.考查形容词比较级。句意:我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻 通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处单词位于系动词feel后,应用形容词形式。根据 句意“让我们感受更好受一些”,应使用形容词比较级形式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应,故填better。42.考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意:一项新的研究阐明了 当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意,这是一 个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时,所以空格处连词可以填when/as。 43.考查副词。句意:其结果显示:悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格 处单词修饰形容词depressing,应用副词形式。故填simply。44.考查主谓一致。句意:关于 我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be句型,be动词与其后 主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义,故be动词填are。
语法--英语词性分类及用法,句子的分析
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注意: 一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数时, 与man,woman的变化形式相同。 如:policeman → policemen,
Englishman → Englishmen,
Frenchman→ Frenchmen.
二.副词的分类
1、 时间和频度副词: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.
有单复数之分。
(4) 抽象名词。如:love, work, life等。一般不可数,没有单 复数之分。
英语不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关 计量名词。 如:a bag of rice→ two bags of rice,
a piece of paper→ three pieces of paper,
专有名词:
指表示人、地方、 机构、组织等的专有名称。专有名词中实词的
第一个字母要大写。
具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、 电影名以及某些抽象名词等。 Tony 托尼 August 八月 Japan 日本 Monday 星期一 Mr. Black 布莱克先生 the Great Wall 长城
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二词性讲解(一)名词1可数名词:表示具体概念的名词可数名词复数1.一般直接在名词后加s,eg: a biscuit three biscuitsa watermelon three watermelons.2.以字母-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾单词后加eseg: dish-dishes, bus-buses, fox-foxes, fish-fishes.3.特殊的几个以o结尾词加es,骑着水牛(buffaloes)的黑人(negroes)英雄们(heroes)爱吃西红柿(tomatoes)和马铃薯(potatoes)其余以o结尾词加s eg: photo- photos piano-pianos4.辅音字母+y结尾的,改y--ies eg: city-cities元音字母+y结尾的,词尾加-s eg: key-keys5.以-f或-fe结尾的,少数直接加s,大部分改-f/-fe为-v再加eseg: leaf-leaves life-lives wife-wives6.复合词:改中心词为复数eg: girl student-girl students三个特例(改复数)man teacher- men teacherswoman nurse- women nurseschild star- children starstips: 可数名词单数,谓语动词一般用单数;可数名词复数,谓语动词一般用复数。
2不可数名词:表示抽象概念的词表示抽象概念的词eg: 液体类tea water coffee食品类chicken honey chocolate抽象类work wealth homework用量词表示数量eg: a box of milk a bottle of water常见量词可数名词不可数名词a lot of a lot ofplenty of plenty ofsome somea quantity of a quantity ofmany mucha few a littlea number of a great deal of(二)形容词和副词1.形容词:做定语放在名词前位置:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠eg: He lives a happy life.a pretty small round old yellow French wooden study room2 副词:作状语多修饰动词交代动作状态eg:I entirely agree with her.形容词比较级和最高级(三)动词助动词(aux.) do/have/be实义动词: 及物动词(vt) I want some food.不及物动词(vi) 无被动语态I wait for you.系动词(link verb):be/get/感官类动词(smell, feel, sound, look, taste, listen)情态动词(modal verb):常用情态动词其他can could must cannot have tomay might be able toshall should ought towill would need daretips: 助动词do以及情态动词后面都跟动词原形缩略法合成法转化法派生法(四)高中常见构词法:高考英语语法考点多为词性变化,加后缀为主,以下为高中时期常见词汇后缀1、名词后缀(1) 构成表示人的名词后缀traveller, hunter, reader, worker, keeper, driver, listener, discoverer, reporter,A.-er/-or/-cian/-ist表示人的:owner, speaker, weaver, winner, buyer, leader, runner, swimmer, ruler, viewer, stranger//actor, director, inventor, operator, governor, professor, conductor, visitor, sailor// mathematician, physician, politician, musician//artist, communist, novelist, physicist, violinist, pianist, naturalist, socialist, scientist, typist//actress, waitress, millionaires, tailoress, tigressB.-ress 表示女性:Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Taiwanese, CantoneseC.-ese表示人,语言:Italian, American, Australian, Austrian, Canadian, Hungarian, Indian,D.-an(国名居多)表示国家的人:Russian构成抽象名词与集合名词的后缀(2)动词名词后缀有:○1A.-age 表示状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称: package, marriage, carriage, postage, storage,luggage, baggage, percentageB.-ure/ 表示行为,结果: failure, pleasure, pressure, mixture, fixtureC.-ment/ 表示物品和物质名称: argument, judgement, achievement, astonishment, development,excitement, encouragement, movement, government, punishment, treatment, statement, department,enrichmentD.-ion/sion/ation/action/cation/ition/ 表示行为的过程,结果,状况: education, graduation,translation, separation, operation, celebration, congratulation, action, invention, attraction, connection,election, collection, devotion, pollution, decision, division, attention, description, production, reduction,revision, permission, examination, explanation, consideration, invitation, imagination, pronunciation,satisfaction, addition, repetition, competitionE .-al/ 表示物品和物质名称: arrival, survival, burial, proposal, disapproval, refusalF. -ance/ence 表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”: appearance, entrance, guidance,difference, reference, enduranceG. -ing 表示动作的过程,结果:building, feeling, dancing, meeting形容词名词后缀有:○2A.-ity 表示性质,状态,程度”majority, electricity, activity, equality, possibility, abilityB.-ness 表示性质,状态,程度”kindness, illness, sickness, brightness, selfness, correctness,happiness, darkness, weakness, carelessness其他后缀:○3A.形容词/名词/动词+ -ery/-ry 表示工作场所,饲养所,地点bravery, discovery, machinery,slavery, chemistryB.形容词/名词+ ship 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”friendship, leadership, hardship,citizenship, comradeship, professorship, warship, membershipC. 形容词/名词+dom 表示人和事物的总和,集合wisdom, freedom, kingdomD形容词/名词+ ism 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为communism, socialism, Marxism,imperialismE. 名词+ -hood 表示人和事物的总和,集合boyhood, girlhood, childhood, neighbourhood, manhoodF. 形容词/动词+ -y 表示行为的结果,状态,性质”difficulty, honesty, safety, activity, injury, unity,wealth,depth, strength, youth, length, truth, 动作,性质,过程,状态表示-th + 动词/形容词. G.warmth, width, growth2、形容词后缀形容词名词○1A. -al/-ical/ ic/ 带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义traditional, cultural, agricultural, natural, physical,musical, practical, national, technical, industrial, material, actual, politic, historic, basic, electric, atomic,automatic, plastic, magic, scientific,-ish foolish, childish, womanish, Spanish, British, EnglishB. -ar带有“属性,倾向,相关”regular, particular,C. -ary带有“属性,倾向,相关”revolutionary, extraordinary, contraryD. -ly表示“相象,类似”的含义friendly, motherly, brotherly, monthly, weakly, wooly, lovely,lively, lonelyE. -en表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义:wooden, woolen, golden,F.-ern 表示方向eastern, western, northern, southernG. -y 表示相像类似cloudy, sunny, shiny, windy, rainy, snowy, lucky, salty, hilly, funny, healthy, sleepy,foggy, dusty, lucky, muddy, wealthy, noisy, easy, dirty, thirsty, angry, hungry, smoky, sandyH. -ous/-ious 表示充分的dangerous, famous, nervous, poisonous, serious, curious, various, mountainous,humorous动词形容词带有“属性,倾向,相关”○2-ed excited, learned, tired, interested, surprised, pleased-ing interesting, moving, exciting, tiring, surprising-ant/-ent pleasant, constant, excellent,-ive active, expensive, talkative, comparative, relative其他(名, 动皆可加):○3名词/动词+ able/ible 表示可以能够valuable, reasonable, comfortable, countable, enjoyable, horrible,terrible, responsible名词/动词+ ful表示“充分的”含义careful, powerful, tearful, beautiful, hopeful, wonderful,fearful, thankful, harmful, useful, frightful名词/动词+ less表示否定careless, hopeless, useless, harmless, homeless, wireless, endless, selfless,powerless, fearless, valueless名词/动词+ some带有“属性,倾向,相关”handsome, troublesome, tiresome 3、副词后缀形容词+ly:badly, nearly, mostly, quickly, roughly, quietly, silently, sadly, slowly, commonly, softly, ○1frequently, rapidly, deeply, slightly, lightly, fairly, smartly, certainly, excitedly, curiously, firmly,constantly, seriously, particularly, coldly, suddenly, freely, highly, lately, finely, politely, completely,widely, immediately, unfortunately, surely, closely, truly, wholly, probably, simply, possibly, impossibly,terribly, easily, busily, happily, heavily, angrily, prettily, hungrily, shyly, dryly, carefully, finally, usually,actually, really, naturally, beautifully, dully, fully, scientifically, physically名词/介词+ward/wards 表示方向:northward, southward, eastward, westward, downward, ○2upward, backward, forward, toward, afterwards4、动词后缀A. 名词/形容词+en表示使成为,引起,使有”:deepen, broaden, widen, darken, weaken, sharpen,blacken, redden, whiten, tighten, strengthen, lengthen, heightenbeautify, satisfy, electrify, purify, terrify:”使成, 化……使表示fy 形容词+/名词B.C. 名词/形容词表示做成,变成,……化+ize/ise:realize, modernize, personalizeD. 名词去-ion加上-ate构成示“成为……,处理,作用”:liberate, educate, operate, translate,graduate, separate, celebrate, congratulateE. -ish 表示使,令”由外来词构成:finish, publish, astonish5、数词后缀A. 基数词+teen:thirteen, fourteen fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteenB. 基数词+ty:twenty, thirty, forty, fiftyC. 基数词+th:fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, ninth(五)非谓语动词不能做谓语的动词(1)异同相同点:除了谓语,可以用于句子中的主,宾,表,定,状等其他成分(不讲)不同点:从时间上讲:○1to do 带有将来的含义eg: She had no plans to retire from her position. (表将来和主动)现在分词doing带有正在进行的含义eg: Not knowing where to go, she goes to the police for help. (表主动和进行,伴随状语)过去分词done带有完成的含义eg: Written in a hurry, this article was not good. (表完成)从主语和动作的关系上讲:○2to do/doing 表示主动例句同上done 表示被动eg: Given another hour, I can also work out this problem (表被动). 从非谓语动词和句子本身的关系来讲○3to do 表示目的,结果等You don't have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. (表目的)doing/done表示伴随eg: The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.Some students came into the lab, following the teacher.动名词doing是名词,表示习惯性动作,作主语居多,句型:doing …+ V ○4to do不定式做主语可以表示具体的动作eg: Playing with fire is dangerous. (playing泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. (To play指玩火这个动作会发生危险)doing的固定搭配(2)动词后面跟to do 不定式和Verbs+ to do(decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose,plan, agree, ask, beg, help) + to doVerbs + doing(suggest, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, keep on, practice,t help, mind, escape) deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, can'Verbs + to do/doing 都可to do sth 忘记要做某事forgetdoing sth 忘记做了某事to do sth 记得要做某事rememberdoing sth 记得做了某事to do sth 停下来做某事stopdoing sth 停止做某事to do sth 很遗憾要做某事regretdoing sth 后悔做过某事to do sth 努力做某事trydoing sth 试着做某事to do sth 打算做某事meandoing sth 意味着做某事sb to do sthallow/permit/forbid/advise/considerdoing sth(六)冠词不定冠词 a an 一个a用于辅音音素前a cup, a bookan用于元音音素前an apple, an engineer an hour定冠词the 和名词连用表示特指eg: Take the medicine. the sun the first零冠词(不加冠词)1.国名,人名前不加冠词eg: China Bob2.表示一类人或事物的泛指的复数名词,不加冠词eg: They are teachers3.抽象名词表示一般概念,不加冠词eg: Failure is the mother of success.4.物质名词表示一般概念时通常不加冠词eg: Man can not live without water.5.季节,月份,节日,假日,日期,星期等表示时间的名词不加冠词eg: Monday in April6.表示称呼,官衔,职位名词前不加冠词eg: General Lee, uncle Sam7.三餐,球类运动,娱乐运动名词前不加冠词eg: have breakfast, paly chess, play basketball8.当两个或两个以上名词连用时,常省略冠词eg:I can't write without pen or pencil.9,by后加交通工具,中间不用冠词eg: by bus, by train10.某些个体名词不用冠词,表示深层含义: school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, class, town,church, court etc.eg: go to school 去上学go to hospital 住院go to the school 去学校go to the hospital 去医院11.序数词前不加冠词:a 序数词前有物主代词eg: my first mobile phoneb 序数词作副词eg: He came first in the race.c 固定词组eg: at first, first of all(七)代词形容词性名词性物反身代词宾格人称意思主格物主代词主代词my)我(的memineImyself第一人称我们(的)usoursourselvesourwe第二人称yourself/yourselvesyours你,你们(的)youyouyour他(的)hehimhimselfhishissheherselfherher她(的)hers第三人称ititselfits它(的)itsit他们,她们,它theytheirthemtheirsthemselves们(的)(八)介词1 方位介词在…里面in/insideinto 进入…里面eg: Throw it into the fire.在…外面outsideout of 从…里面出来eg: He walked out of the room and left.表示由于因为eg: He opened the box out of curiosity.above 在…斜上方(无接触)over 在…的正上方(无接触)跨越到物体的另一面on 在…上面(有接触)onto 到…之上eg: The child climbed up onto his father's shoulders.under 在…正下方below 在…斜下方beneath 紧贴在…的下方eg: The boy found a football beneath a pile of leaves. 在…旁边beside/by在…前面in front of 在…外部的前面in the front of 在…内部的前面(before) 在…后面behind在…附近near/close to紧挨着next toaround 围绕from 从…(起点)来from…toacross 横过…. 在(街河)的对面eg: My house is just across the street. through 透过穿过eg: Water will be pumped through a pipe.along 沿着eg: I was walking along the street when I saw a tailor's shop.between 在…之间between A B and C 多用于两者之间,也可用于三者之间A BC不同eg: It's a secret between you and me.among 在…之间among AAA 三者或三者以上之间相同的事物eg: She is the youngest among the three sisters.辨析:at & in 表示地点at 指较小的地方或概念名词at my home. at the airportin 指较大的地方in Hong Kong2 时间介词in + 年份月份季节世纪年代朝代上午下午晚上eg: in 2020, in January, in Spring, in the morning/afternoon/eveningon + 日期/星期/具体某一天的上下午/一般的节日th, on Thursday, on Monday morning, on National Day on December 25at + 时刻、具体的时间点clock, at noon, at that time, at dawn'at 12 o: at Easter at Christmas 固定表达…之前before 在after 在…之后from + 时间点从…开始eg: My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.for + 时间段eg: Mr Brown has lived in the village for 15 years.since + 时间点eg: Mr Brown has lived in the village since 15 years ago.during + 某个时间段eg: He swims every day during the summer.through + 在…期间从…开头到结尾eg: Tom was brave through his father's illness.over 在(做)…期间, 贯穿(一段时间)eg: We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.by 表“在…之前不迟于…”eg: You must arrive at school by seven o'clock.till/until 直到eg: I shall wait until ten o'clock. / I didn't go to sleep until midnight.3 表工具、手段、方式的介词表示交通工具一般用by eg: by bus by plane特殊的特指的交通工具in my car, on this plane,步行,骑马,骑骆驼均用on: on foot, on a horse, on a camel表示手段、方式with + 有形的工具,身体的某些器官eg: We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.in + 语言原料颜料钢笔铅笔等eg: Please answer me in English.The artist writes in pencil.一些固定短语:on / over the telephone/radioin this/that way, by this/that means/ with this/that method4 其他常考介词和固定搭配(1)表比较than more than(2) with 和…一起随着具有带着(表示伴随)(3) by 在…之前/不迟于由于凭借按照根据(4) for 为了(表示目的)对...而言由于因为买换取(等价交换)(5) 固定搭配The answer to the questionThe key to (the door)The introduction to (the book)The ticket to (the concert)The invitation to (the party)(九)连词并列连词(一)表示并列的and和表示选择的orAnd 和又且eg: Mary is a doctor and her sister is a teacher.Or 或eg: You can walk up or take the cable car.(二)表示转折、对比关系的并列连词:but while yetBut 但是表转折eg: It's an old car, but it's very reliable.While 然而eg: Some experiments are difficult while others are easy. Yet 然而但还eg: It is very good, yet it can be better.(三)表示因果关系的并列连词:so forSo + 结果eg: The shops were close, so I didn't get any milk.For + 原因eg: It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.。