高考英语语法之词性

二词性讲解

（一）名词

1可数名词：表示具体概念的名词

可数名词复数

1.一般直接在名词后加s,

eg: a biscuit three biscuits

a watermelon three watermelons.

2.以字母-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾单词后加es

eg: dish-dishes, bus-buses, fox-foxes, fish-fishes.

3.特殊的几个以o结尾词加es，

骑着水牛(buffaloes)的黑人(negroes)英雄们(heroes)爱吃西红柿(tomatoes)和马铃薯(potatoes)

其余以o结尾词加s eg: photo- photos piano-pianos

4.辅音字母+y结尾的，改y--ies eg: city-cities

元音字母+y结尾的，词尾加-s eg: key-keys

5.以-f或-fe结尾的，少数直接加s,大部分改-f/-fe为-v再加es

eg: leaf-leaves life-lives wife-wives

6.复合词：改中心词为复数eg: girl student-girl students

三个特例（改复数）

man teacher- men teachers

woman nurse- women nurses

child star- children stars

tips: 可数名词单数，谓语动词一般用单数；可数名词复数，谓语动词一般用复数。

2不可数名词：表示抽象概念的词

表示抽象概念的词

eg: 液体类tea water coffee

食品类chicken honey chocolate

抽象类work wealth homework

用量词表示数量

eg: a box of milk a bottle of water

常见量词

可数名词不可数名词

a lot of a lot of

plenty of plenty of

some some

a quantity of a quantity of

many much

a few a little

a number of a great deal of

（二）形容词和副词

1.形容词：做定语放在名词前

位置：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠eg: He lives a happy life.

a pretty small round old yellow French wooden study room

2 副词：作状语多修饰动词交代动作状态

eg:I entirely agree with her.

形容词比较级和最高级

（三）动词

助动词(aux.) do/have/be

实义动词: 及物动词(vt) I want some food.

不及物动词(vi) 无被动语态I wait for you.

系动词(link verb):be/get/感官类动词(smell, feel, sound, look, taste, listen)

情态动词(modal verb)：

常用情态动词其他

can could must cannot have to

may might be able to

shall should ought to

will would need dare

tips: 助动词do以及情态动词后面都跟动词原形

缩略法合成法转化法派生法（四）高中常见构词法:

高考英语语法考点多为词性变化，加后缀为主，以下为高中时期常见词汇后缀1、名词后缀

(1) 构成表示人的名词后缀

traveller, hunter, reader, worker, keeper, driver, listener, discoverer, reporter,

A.-er/-or/-cian/-ist表示人的：owner, speaker, weaver, winner, buyer, leader, runner, swimmer, ruler, viewer, stranger//

actor, director, inventor, operator, governor, professor, conductor, visitor, sailor// mathematician, physician, politician, musician//

artist, communist, novelist, physicist, violinist, pianist, naturalist, socialist, scientist, typist//

actress, waitress, millionaires, tailoress, tigress

B.-ress 表示女性：Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Taiwanese, Cantonese

C.-ese表示人，语言：Italian, American, Australian, Austrian, Canadian, Hungarian, Indian,

D.-an(国名居多)表示国家的人：Russian

构成抽象名词与集合名词的后缀（2）

动词名词后缀有：○1A.-age 表示状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称: package, marriage, carriage, postage, storage,

luggage, baggage, percentage

B.-ure/ 表示行为，结果: failure, pleasure, pressure, mixture, fixture

C.-ment/ 表示物品和物质名称: argument, judgement, achievement, astonishment, development,

excitement, encouragement, movement, government, punishment, treatment, statement, department,

enrichment

D.-ion/sion/ation/action/cation/ition/ 表示行为的过程，结果，状况: education, graduation,

translation, separation, operation, celebration, congratulation, action, invention, attraction, connection,

election, collection, devotion, pollution, decision, division, attention, description, production, reduction,

revision, permission, examination, explanation, consideration, invitation, imagination, pronunciation,

satisfaction, addition, repetition, competition

E .-al/ 表示物品和物质名称: arrival, survival, burial, proposal, disapproval, refusal

F. -ance/ence 表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”: appearance, entrance, guidance,

difference, reference, endurance

G. -ing 表示动作的过程，结果:building, feeling, dancing, meeting

形容词名词后缀有：○2A.-ity 表示性质，状态，程度”majority, electricity, activity, equality, possibility, ability

B.-ness 表示性质，状态，程度”kindness, illness, sickness, brightness, selfness, correctness,

happiness, darkness, weakness, carelessness

其他后缀：○3A.形容词/名词/动词+ -ery/-ry 表示工作场所，饲养所，地点bravery, discovery, machinery,

slavery, chemistry

B.形容词/名词+ ship 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”friendship, leadership, hardship,