管理学罗宾斯著试题完整版
管理学(罗宾斯)小测验答案
管理学（罗宾斯，第7版）小测验答案（一）(2008-07-04 23:47:57)第一章管理与组织导论1、管理者是组织中这样的成员，他告诉别人该做什么以及应该怎样去做。
很容易将管理者与非管理雇员区分开来，后者是指组织中这样的成员，他们直接从事一项工作和任务，并且没有人向他们报告。
2、组织和工作性质的变化改变了管理的者的角色，在管理者与非管理雇员之间不存在清晰的界限。
3、通常将组织中的管理者分别称为基层管理者、中层管理者和高层管理者。
基层管理者是最低层的管理者，他们管理着非管理雇员所从事的工作，这些工作是生产和提供组织的产品的工作。
中层管理者，包括所有处于基层和高层之间的各个管理层次的管理者。
高层管理者接近或处于组织顶层，他们承担着制定广泛的组织决策、为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
4、管理是一个过程，是协调工作活动使之有效率和有效果的过程。
管理是同别人一起或通过别人使工作活动完成得更有效率和更有效果的过程。
5、效率是指以最少的投入获得最大的产出；效果是指实现组织目标的程度。
效率涉及做事的方式，效果涉及事情的结果。
6、管理当局不能只是关注达到和实现组织目标，也就是关注效果，还要尽可能有效率的完成工作。
在成功的组织中高效率和高效果是相辅相成的，而不良的管理通常既是低效率的也是低效果的，或者虽然有效果但却是低效率的。
7、所有管理者都在从事五种管理职能，即计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。
计划包括定义组织的目标、制定战略和计划以实现组织的目标；组织包括设计结构以执行计划；领导包括激励下属、影响个体或团队、有效的沟通以及处理雇员的行为问题；最后，控制包括监督、比较和改进组织的绩效。
8、管理过程是指一组进行中的决策和行动，包括计划、组织、领导和控制。
当管理者进行管理时，他们的工作通常以连续的方式也就是以过程的方式体现出来。
9、亨利?明茨伯格得出结论，管理者在履行10种不同的角色和行为。
他将它们分为三种类型，一种是关于人际关系的（挂名首脑、领导者和联络者），第二种有关信息的传递（监听者、传播者和发言人），第三种是关于决策制定的（企业家、混乱驾御者、资源分配者和谈判者）。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-6
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-6Chapter 6 –Decision-Making: The Essence of the Manager’s JobTrue/False Questions4. The first step in the decision-making process is identifyinga problem.True (easy)6. It is possible at the end of the decision-making process that you may be required to start the decisionprocess over again.True (easy)10. Decision-making is synonymous with managing.True (easy)12. One assumption of rationality is that we cannot know all of the alternatives.False (difficult)13. Accepting solutions that are "good enough" is termed satisfying.False (easy)15. Managers regularly use their intuition in decision-making.True (easy)16. Rational analysis and intuitive decision-making are complementary.True (moderate)18. Programmed decisions tend to be repetitive and routine.True (easy)21. Most managerial decisions in the real world are fully nonprogrammed.False (easy)24. Risk is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates.False (difficult)25. An optimistic manager will follow a maximin approach.False (moderate)Multiple ChoiceTHE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS34. A series of eight steps that begins with identifying a problem and decision criteria and allocating weights to those criteria; moves to developing, analyzing, and selecting an alternative that can resolve the problem;implements the alternative; and concludes with evaluating the decision's effectiveness is the ______________.a. decision-making process. (easy)b. managerial process.c. maximin style.d. bounded rationality approach.e. legalistic opportunism process.36. "A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs" describes which of the steps in thedecision-making process?a. criteria weight allocationb. analysis of alternativesc. problem identification (difficult)d. decision effectiveness evaluatione. decision criteria identification38. Which of the following must be present in order to initiate the decision-making process?a. plenty of timeb. pressure to act (moderate)c. a lack of authorityd. a lack of resourcese. environmental certainty39. Managers aren't likely to characterize something as a problem if they perceive ______________.a. they don't have authority to act. (difficult)b. pressure to act.c. a discrepancy.d. they have sufficient resources.e. they have budgetary authority.44. Selecting an alternative in the decision-making process is accomplished by ______________.a. choosing the alternative with the highest score. (easy)b. choosing the one you like best.c. selecting the alternative that has the lowest price.d. selecting the alternative that is the most reliable.e. choosing the alternative you think your boss would prefer.47. Which of the following is the final step in the decision-making process?a. identifying the problemb. evaluating the decision's effectiveness (easy)c. identifying decision criteriad. selecting an alternative that can resolve the probleme. allocating weights to alternatives.48.Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-makingprocess?a. Ignore criticism concerning the decision-making.b. You may have to start the whole decision process over.(difficult)c. Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50% effective.d. 90% of problems with decision-making occur in the implementation step.e. Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that uppermanagement demand.49. Decision-making is synonymous with ______________.a. managing. (easy)b. leading.c. controlling.d. planning.e. organizing.51. Which of the following is not an "organizing" decision?a. What are the organization's long-term objectives? (moderate)b. How many employees should I have report directly to me?c. How should jobs be designed?d. How much centralization should there be in the organization?e. When should the organization implement a different structure?52. Which of the following is not a "leading" decision?a. How do I handle employees who appear to be low in motivation?b. What is the most effective leadership style in a given situation?c. How will a specific change affect worker productivity?d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict?e. How should jobs be designed? (moderate)53. Which of the following is not a "controlling" decision?a. What activities in the organization need to be controlled?b. How should those activities be controlled?c. When is a performance deviation significant?d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict? (moderate)e. What type of management information system should the organization have?54. Managers are assumed to be ______________; they make consistent, value-maximizing choices withinspecified constraints.a. rational (easy)b. leadersc. organizedd. satisficerse. programmed57. Which of the following is not a valid assumption about rationality?a. The problem is clear and unambiguous.b. A single well-defined goal is to be achieved.c. Preferences are clear.d. Preferences are constantly changing. (difficult)e. No time or cost constraints exist.58. In "bounded rationality," managers construct ______________ models that extract the essential features from problems.a. multipleb. bindingc. interactived. simplified (difficult)e. past59. According to the text, because managers can’t possibly analyze all information on all alternatives, managers______________, rather than ______________.a.maximize; satisficeb.maximize; minimizec.satisfice; minimized.satisfice; maximize (moderate)62. An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong is referredto as _____________.a.economies of commitmentb.escalation of commitment (moderate)c.dimensional commitmentd.expansion of commitment64. According to the text, all of the following are aspects of intuition EXCEPT:a.experienced-based decisionsb.affect-initiated decisionsc.cognitive-based decisionsd.values or ethics-based decisionse.programmed decisions (easy)65.According to the text, _____________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems.a.poorly-structured problemsb.well-structured problems (moderate)c.unique problemsd.non-programmed problemse.programmed problems68. ______________ decision-making is relatively simple andtends to rely heavily on previous solutions.a. Nonprogrammedb. Linearc. Satisficingd. Integrativee. Programmed (moderate)70. A ______________ is a series of interrelated sequential steps that a manager can use for responding to astructured problem.a. procedure (easy)b. rulec. policyd. systeme. solution71. A ______________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.a. procedureb. policyc. rule (moderate)d. solutione. system72. A ______________ provides guidelines to channel a manager's thinking in a specific direction.a. systemb. rulec. solutiond. policy (moderate)e. procedure75. A business school's statement that it "strives for productive relationships with local organizations," is anexample of a ______________.a. rule.b. policy. (moderate)c. procedure.d. commitment.e. contract.78. Which of the following terms is associated with nonprogrammed decisions?a. unique (moderate)b. recurringc. routined. repetitivee. well-defined79. Lower-level managers typically confront what type of decision-making?a. uniqueb. nonroutinec. programmed (moderate)d. nonprogrammede. nonrepetitive83. If an individual knows the price of three similar cars at different dealerships, he/she is operating under what type of decision-making condition?a. riskb. uncertaintyc. certainty (easy)d. factuale. unprogrammed84. ______________ is those conditions in which the decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood ofcertain outcomes.a. Certaintyb. Risk (easy)c. Uncertaintyd. Maximaxe. Maximin85. A retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on lastspring's outcomes is operating under what kind of decision-making condition?a. seasonalb. risk (difficult)c. uncertaintyd. certaintye. cyclical86. ______________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probabilityestimates available.a. Certaintyb. Riskc. Uncertainty (easy)d. Maximaxe. Maximin87. A person at a horse racetrack who bets all of his/her money on the odds-based longshot to "win" (ratherthan "place" or "show") is making what kind of choice?a. maximax (moderate)b. maximinc. minimaxd. minimin89. An individual making a "maximin" type of choice has what type of psychological orientation concerninguncertain decision-making?a. optimistb. realistc. pessimist (moderate)d. satisficere. extremist91. According to the text, a manager who desires to minimize his or her maximim “regret” will opt for a______________ choice.a. maximaxb. maximinc. minimax (moderate)d. minimin93. Which of the following decision-making styles have low tolerance for ambiguity and are rational in theirway of thinking?a.directive (moderate)b.egotisticalc.analyticd.conceptuale.behavioral95. The decision-making style that makes fast decisions and focuses on the short terms is referred to as the______________ style.a.directive (moderate)b.egotisticalc.analyticd.conceptuale.behavioral98. According to the text, ______________ are best characterized as careful decision makers with the ability to adapt or cope with unique situations.a. conceptualb. behavioralc. empiricald. analytic (moderate)e. spatial99. Which of the following is the decision-making style that would most likely look at as many alternatives aspossible and focus on the long run?a. analyticalb. directivec. conceptual (moderate)d. behaviorale. spatial101. A manager who would decide what computer system to purchase for the department by holding a meeting and receiving feedback from his/her subordinates matches with which type of decision-making style?a. analyticalb. behavioral (difficult)c. conceptuald. directivee. empiricalScenariosDecision-Making Conditions (Scenario)Sandy Jo is the manager for TrucksRUs, a medium-sized hauling service located in the Southeast. She is responsible forscheduling trucks, initiating new routes, and staffing both existing and new routes. She is currently struggling with existing information about the profitability of existing and future truck routes.116. Bubba, Sandy Jo's best driver tells her that he believes that he can estimate that there is a 75% probability that they can get the business of Pork Brothers Inc. if they initiate a truck route through rural North Carolina. Bubba is operating under a condition of ______________.a. certainty.b. risk. (difficult)c. uncertainty.d. maximax.e. maximin.117. Sandy Jo can make accurate decisions if she is willing to pay $5,000 for research about the profitability of various truck routes. If she pays for the research, she believes that she is operating under a condition of ______________.a. certainty. (difficult)b. risk.c. uncertainty.d. maximax.e. maximin.118. Sandy Jo knows that she is operating in an uncertain environment. She is basically an optimist, and we would, therefore, expect her to follow a ______________ strategy.a. certaintyb. riskc. uncertaintyd. maximax (moderate)e. maximin119. Sandy Jo knows that she is operating in an uncertain environment. She is basically a pessimist, and we would, therefore, expect her to follow a ______________ strategy.a. certaintyb. riskc. minimaxd. maximaxe. maximin (moderate)120. Sandy Jo wishes to minimize her regret and will probably opt for a ______________ strategy.a. certainty.b. risk.c. minimax (moderate)d. maximax.e. maximin.Essay QuestionsTHE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS121. In a short essay, list and discuss the eight steps in the decision-making process.Answera.Step 1: Identifying a problem– the decision-making process begins with t he existence of a problem ora discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs.However, a discrepancy withoutpressure to take action becomes a problem that can be postponed.b.Step 2: Identify decision criteria–once the manager has identified a problem that needs attention, thedecision criteria important to resolving the problem must beidentified. That is, managers must determine what’s relevant in making a decision.c.Step 3: Allocating weights to the criteria: at this step, the decision maker must weigh the items inorder to give them the correct priority in the decision. A simple approach is to give the most important criterion a weight of 10 and then assign weights to the rest against that standard.d.Step 4: Developing alternative s –the fourth step requires the decision maker to list the viablealternatives that could resolve the problem. No attempt is made in this step to evaluate the alternative, only to list them.e.Step 5: Analyzing alternative s – once the alternatives have been identified, the decision maker mustcritically analyze each one. From this comparison, the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative become evident.f.Step 6: Selecting an alternative–the sixth step is the important act of choosing the best alternative fromamong those considered. All the pertinent criteria in the decision have now been determined, weighted, and the alternatives have been identified and analyzed.g.Step 7: Implementing the alternativ e –implementation involves conveying the decision to thoseaffected by it and getting their commitment to it. If the people who must carry out a decision participate in the process, they’re more likely to enthusiastically support the outcome than if they are just told what to do.h.Step 8: Evaluating decision effectiveness –the last step in the decision-making process involvesappraising the outcome of the decision to see if the problem has been resolved. Did the alternative chose and implementedaccomplish the desired result? If not, the manager may consider returning to a previous step or may even consider starting the whole decision process over.(difficult)123. In a short essay, discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.AnswerA decision maker who was perfectly rational would be fully objective and logical. He or she wouldcarefully define a problem and would have a clear and specific goal. Moreover, making decisions using rationality would consistently lead toward selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal. The assumptions of rationality apply to any decision. Rational managerial decision making assumes that decisions are made in the best economic interests of the organization. That is, the decision maker is assumed to be maximizing the organization’s interests, not his or her own interests.Managerial decision making can follow rational assumptions if the following conditions are met: The manager is faced with a simple problem in which the goals are clear and the alternatives limited, in which the time pressures are minimal and the cost of seeking out and evaluating alternatives is low, for which the organizational culture supports innovation and risk taking, and in which o utcomes are relatively concrete and measurable. However, most decisions that managers face in the real world d on’t meet all those tests.(moderate)126. In a short essay, discuss the difference between well-structured and poorly structured problems. Include specificexamples of each type of problem to support your answer. Next discuss the type of decisions that would be used to address each of these problems.Answera.Well-structured problems - the goal of the decision marker is clear, the problem is familiar, andinformation about the problem is easily defined and complete. Examples of these types of problems might include a customer’s wanting to return a purchase to a retail store, a supplier’s being late with an important delivery, a news team’s responding to an unexpected and fast-breaking event, or a college’s handling of a student wanting to drop a class. Such situations are called well-structured problems since they are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems. In handling these problem situations, the manager uses a programmed decision. Decisions are programmed to the extent that they are repetitive and routine a nd to the extent that a definite approach has been worked out for handling them.Because the problem is well structured, the manager doesn’t have to go to the trouble and expense of going through an involved decision progress. Programmed decision making is relatively simple and tends to rely heavily on previous solutions.b.Poorly-structured problems –these problems are new or unusual and for which information isambiguous or incomplete.For example, the selection of an architect to design a new corporate manufacturing facility in Bangkok is an example of a poorly-structured problem. When problems are poorly-structured, managers must rely on nonproprammed decision making in order to develop unique solutions.Nonprogrammed decisions are unique andnonrecurring. When a manager confronts a poorly-structured problem, or one that is unique, there is no cut-and-dried solution. It requires a custom-made response through nonprogrammed decision making.(difficult)130. In a short essay, list and discuss the four decision-making styles as described in the text.Answera.Directive style – people using the directive style have low tolerance for ambiguity and are rational intheir way of thinking. They’re efficient and logical. Directive types make fast decisions and focus on the short run. Their efficiency and speed in making decisions often result in their making decisions with minimal information and assessing few alternatives.b.Analytic style – decision-makers with an analytic style have much greater tolerance for ambiguity thando directive types. They want more information before making a decision and consider more alternatives than a directive style decision-maker does. Analytic decision-makers are best characterized as careful decision-makers with the ability to adapt or cope with unique situations.c.Conceptual style – individuals with a conceptual style tend to be very broad in their outlook and willlook at many alternatives. They focus on the long run and are very good at finding creative solutions to problems.d.Behavioral style –these decision markers work well with others. They’re concerned about theachievements of subordinates and are receptive to suggestions from others. They often use meetings tocommunicate, although they try to avoid conflict. Acceptance by others is important to this decision-making style.(moderate)。
罗宾斯《管理学》期末考试试题
1、从管理外部环境的角度看，“企业的基础是关系”这句话意味着什么？企业应该如何管理这些“关系”？答案: 358字（1）外部环境是指能够对组织绩效造成潜在影响的外部力量与机构，包括两类要素：具体环境与一般环境。
（2分）（2）具体环境包括：顾客、供应商、竞争者和压力集团。
（2分）（3）一般环境包括可能影响组织的广泛的经济条件、政治法律条件、社会文化条件、人口条件、技术条件与全球条件。
（2分）（4）企业处于由具体环境和一般环境要素所编织的复杂网络关系之中，这其中受企业决策和行动影响并影响着企业的各类相关者就是利益相关者。
这些利益相关者与企业息息相关，构成企业生存与发展的基础。
（2分）（5）企业管理外部关系分为四个步骤：第一，确定谁是组织的利益相关者；第二，确定这些利益相关者可能存在的特殊利益或利害关系是什么？第三，确定每一个利益相关者对于组织决策和行动来说有多关键；第四，决定通过什么具体方式管理外部利益相关者关系。
（4分）2、组织中的变革一般包括哪几种类型？试结合实际论述人们抵制变革的原因以及减少变革阻力的管理策略：答案: 482字（1）变革的类型：结构、技术、人员。
结构变革包括改变职权关系、协调机制、集权化程度、职务再设计及其他结构变量；技术变革包括工作开展的方式、所使用的方法和设备的改变等；人员变革是指员工的工作态度、期望、认知和行为的改变。
（3分）（2）人们抵制变革的三个原因：不确定性、担心个人损失、顾虑变革不符合组织的利益。
（3分）（3）减少变革阻力的六项管理措施：教育与沟通、参与、促进与支持、谈判、操纵与合作、强制。
（3分）（4）以战国时秦国的商鞅变法为例，这里的变法就是组织变革。
商鞅变法的目的是让秦国富国强兵。
可是，变法的主张却招致多方面的反对。
一方面是秦国的贵族，变法触犯了他们的既得利益。
一方面是秦国的大臣，他们因循守旧，认为不变法一样可以治理好国家，他们还担心一旦实行新法，官吏、百姓对它都不熟悉，有可能会产生不良后果。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-1
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Management and OrganizationsTrue/False QuestionsThe four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.True (easy)Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.False (moderate)Efficiency is often referred to as "doing things right."True (moderate)When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.False (difficult)According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the information al role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.True (moderate)Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.True (moderate)The systems perspective underscores and emphasizes the fact that organizations are different, face different circumstances, and thus may require different ways of managing.False (moderate)Multiple Choice_____________ are organizational members who integrate and coordinate the work of others.a. Managers (easy)b. Team leadersc. Subordinatesd. Operativese. AgentsTypically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers (easy)e. subordinates_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.a. Manipulating othersb. Concern for the lawc. Increasing efficiencyd. Coordinating and integrating others' work (moderate)e. Defining market sharea.spokesperson (moderate)b.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocatore.negotiatora.human skillsb.technical skills (easy)c.conceptual skillsd.empirical skillsUnderstanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a. humanb. technical (easy)c. conceptuald. empiricale. functionala. decision-making (easy)b. communicating with customersc. motivating subordinatesd. product knowledgee. technical skillsAccording to the text, _____________ are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.a.open systemsb.closed systems (easy)c.d.reverse systemse.forward systemsThe _____________ view of a manager's job implies that decisions and actions taken in one organizational area will impact other areas.a. systems (moderate)b. contingencyc. conceptuald. functionale. environmentala.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of management (moderate)d.the cultures of managementScenarios and QuestionsThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 a.m. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning; the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion and has several questions, and the second to a group of ControlSystems, Inc., managers from the east coast. He then has a meeting with unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil's recent drop in performance (a task he always hates). Next, he is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the Division President. Finally, in late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just another day in the glamorous life of a manager.a. Herzbergb. Skinnerc. Mintzberg (easy)d. Fayole. Maslowa. leader (difficult)b. figureheadc. monitord. disturbance handlere. spokespersona. monitorb. figureheadc. disseminatord. spokesperson (difficult)e. resource allocatora. monitorb. disseminatorc. resource allocator (moderate)d. disturbance handlere. figureheadEssay QuestionsIn a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.Answera.b.Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—that is, those work activities that will helpthe organization reach its goals.For instance, at the Biersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees, and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.(moderate)In a short essay, list and explain the four basic functions of management.Answera.Planning – involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, anddeveloping plans to integrate and coordinate activities.anizing – involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how thetasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.c.Leading – when managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select themost effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they are leading.d.Controlling –to ensure that work is going as it should, managers must monitor and evaluateperformance. The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three essential skills according to Katz that managers need to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager.Answera.Technical skills – include knowledge of an proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering,computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work.b.Human skills –involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at all levels of management.c.Conceptual skills –these are the skill that managers must have to think and to conceptualize aboutabstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment. These skills are most important at the top management levels.(moderate)。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版试题
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版试题罗宾斯《管理学》第九版试题Chapter 10 – Organizational Structure and DesignTrue/False QuestionsA MANAGER’S DILEMMA1. According to the boxed feature, ―A Manager’s Dilemma,‖ Nokia was once involved in industries rangingfrom paper to chemicals and rubber.True (moderate)2. According to the boxed feature, ―A Manager’s Dilemma,‖ Nokia has been competing in thetelecommunications industry since 1965.False (moderate)DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE3. Organizational design is the organization's formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.False (difficult)4. The concept of work specialization can be traced back a couple of centuries to Adam Smith's discussion ofdivision of labor.True (moderate)5. The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs is division of labor.True (moderate)6. Historically, many organizations have grouped work actions by function departmentalization.True (moderate)7. Grouping jobs on the basis of product or customer flow istermed customer departmentalization.False (moderate)8. Geographic departmentalization has greatly increased in importance as a result of today’s competitivebusiness environmentFalse (moderate)9. A group of individuals who are experts in various specialties and who work together is a cross-functional team.True (moderate)10. Authority is the individual's capacity to influence decisions.False (difficult)11. Authority is synonymous with responsibility.False (easy)12. Responsibility is the rights inherent in a managerial position.False (easy)13. A manager's span of control refers to the number of subordinates who can be effectively and efficientlysupervised.True (moderate)14. The classical view of unity of command suggests that subordinates should have only one superior to whom they report.True (easy)15. The trend in recent years has been toward smaller spans of control.False (easy)16. When decisions tend to be made at lower levels in anorganization, the organization is said to bedecentralized.True (moderate)17. Decentralization describes the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in theorganization.False (moderate)18. In the last 35 years, there has been a trend of organizations moving toward increased decentralization.True (easy)19. Appropriate organizational structure depends on four variables: the organization's strategy, size, technology, and degree of environmental uncertainty.True (difficult)20. Standardization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the extent towhich employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures.False (moderate)ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN DECISIONS21. An organic organization tends to be characterized by high specialization, extensive departmentalization,narrow spans of control, high formalization, a limited information network, and little participation indecision-making by low-level employees.False (moderate)22. An organic organization would likely be very flexible.True (moderate)23. Innovators need the efficiency, stability, and tight controls of the mechanistic structure.False (easy)24. The relationship between organizational size and structure tends to be linear.False (difficult)25. Joan Woodward attempted to view organizational structure from a technological perspective.True (moderate)26. Woodward demonstrated that organizational structures adapted to their technology.True (moderate)27. Woodward's findings support that there is "one best way" to organize a manufacturing firm.False (moderate)28. The strength of the functional structure is that it focuses on results.False (moderate) it is the strength of divisional structure.\\\\\\\29. According to the text, a functional structure creates strategic business units.False (moderate)COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS30. Project structures tend to be rigid and inflexible organizational designs.False (easy)Multiple ChoiceA MANAGER’S DILEMMA31. Accordi ng to t he company profile in ―A Manager’s Dilemma,‖ the organizational structure of Nokia is best described as ______________.a. mechanisticb. organic (moderate)c. centralizedd. formalized32. The factor contributing the most to Nokia’s success in the mobile phone industry according to the company profile in ―A Manager’s Dilemma‖ is ______________.a. new product development (moderate)b. government subsidiesc. national trade barriersd. weak competition33. ______________ is the process of creating an organization's structure.a. Human resource managementb. Leadingc. Organizing (moderate)d. Planninge. DepartmentalizationDEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE34. According to the text, a(n) ______________ is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided,grouped, and coordinated.a. mission statementb. environmental scanc. internal resource analysisd. organizational structure (moderate)35. Which of the following is not one of the six key elements in organizational design?a. work specializationb. departmentalizationc. chain of commandd. bureaucratic design (difficult)e. span of control36. Work specialization is also known as ______________.a. departmentalization.b. centralization.c. span of control.d. formalization.e. division of labor. (easy)37. The term ______________ is used to describe the degree to which tasks in an organization are divided intoseparate jobs.a. work ethicsb. managerial capitalismc. social responsibilityd. work specialization (moderate)38. When did the idea of enlarging, rather than narrowing, job scope begin?a. 1950sb. 1960s (moderate)c. 1970sd. 1980se. 1990s39. Which of the following is not an example of the classical viewof division of labor?a. assembly-line productionb. Burger Kingc. Taco Belld. TQM (moderate)e. Kentucky Fried Chicken40. ______________ is the basis on which jobs are grouped inorderto accomplish organizational goals.a. Departmentalization (moderate)b. Centralizationc. Formalizationd. Coordinatione. Efficiency41. A local manufacturing organization has groups of employees whoare responsible for sales, marketing,accounting, human resources, etc. These are examples of what concept?a. authorityb. chain of commandc. empowermentd. departmentalization (moderate)e. social grouping42. Grouping sporting equipment in one area, men's clothing in another area, and cosmetics in a third area, is anexample of what kind departmentalization?a. customerb. product (easy)c. geographicd. processe. outcome43. Sales responsibilities divided into the southwest, midwest, southern, northern, and western regions would bean example of ______________ departmentalization.a. productb. geographic (easy)c. processd. outcomee. customer44. Grouping activities on the basis of customer flow is______________.a. functional departmentalization.b. product departmentalization.c. geographical departmentalization.d. process departmentalization. (moderate)e. technological departmentalization.45. What type of departmentalization expects that each department will specialize in one specific phase of the process or product production?a. productb. geographicc. process (easy)d. outcomee. customer46. What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization where different publicservice responsibilities are divided into activities for employers, children, and the disabled?a. productb. geographicc. processd. outcomee. customer (moderate)47. Which of the following is not a form of departmentalization suggested by your text?a. functional departmentalizationb. product departmentalizationc. geographical departmentalizationd. process departmentalizatione. technological departmentalization (difficult)48. Today's competitive business environment has greatly increasedthe importance of what type ofdepartmentalization?a. geographicb. customer (difficult)c. productd. processe. outcome49. According to the text, managers are using ______________, which are groups of individuals who areexperts in various specialties and who work together.a. specialized teamsb. cross-demanded teamsc. cross-functional teams (moderate)d. simple structured teams50. Which of the following is a contemporary addition to thehistorical view of departmentalization?a. increased rigidityb. cross-functional teams (moderate)c. enhanced centralizationd. elimination of product departmentalizatione. addition of sales departmentalization51. Bringing together the company's legal counsel, research engineer, and marketing specialist for a project isan example of a(n) ______________.a. empowered team.b. process departmentalization.c. product departmentalization.d. cross-functional team. (moderate)e. continuous improvement team.52. The ______________ is the continuous line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to thelowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom.a. chain of demandb. chain of command (easy)c. demand hierarchyd. continuous design structure53. To whom a worker reports concerns which aspect of organizational structure?a. chain of command (moderate)b. departmentalizationc. pay structured. line of commande. authority framework54. ______________ entitles a manager to direct the work of a subordinate.a. Responsibilityb. Legitimate powerc. Rankd. Operating responsibilitye. Authority (moderate)55. ______________ is the obligation to perform assigned activities.a. Authorityb. Responsibility (easy)c. Chain of commandd. Unity of commande. Formalization56. The ______________ principle (one of Fayol’s 14 principles of management) helps preserve the concept ofa continuous line of authority.a. unity of demandb. unity of command (moderate)c. demand structured. continuous demand57. Span of control refers to which of the following concepts?a. how much power a manager has in the organizationb. the geographic dispersion of a manager's subunits ofresponsibilityc. how many subordinates a manager can effectively and efficiently supervise (moderate)d. the number of subordinates affected by a single managerial ordere. the amount of time it takes to pass information down through a manager's line of command58. Other things being equal, the wider or larger the span of control, the more ______________ theorganizational design.a. bureaucraticb. democraticc. effectived. efficient (difficult)e. classical59. Wider spans of control may be viewed as more efficient, but eventually, wider spans tend to have whateffect on organizations?a. reduced effectiveness (difficult)b. increased turnoverc. loss of managerial powerd. customer dissatisfactione. rigid chains of command60. An organization that spends money on maintaining a well-trained work force can expect which of thefollowing span-of-control outcomes?a. increased contempt for managementb. increased voluntary turnoverc. centralized authorityd. less direct supervision (moderate)e. increased need for managerial-level employees61. A high-tech manager who supervises the development of a new computer chip needs ______________compared to a manager who supervises the mailing of unemployment insurance checks at the localgovernment office.a. about the same span of controlb. a narrower span of control (difficult)c. a wider span of controld. a more informal span of controle. elimination of the span of control62. In general, span of control is ______________ for managers.a. increasing (easy)b. decreasingc. staying the samed. significantly decreasinge. no longer important63. ______________ describes the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in theorganization.a. Decentralizationb. Centralization (moderate)c. Transnationalismd. Cross sectional analysis64. If lower-level employees provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, theorganization is ______________.a. formalized.b. centralized.c. decentralized. (easy)d. mechanistic.e. organic.65. Recently, there has been a distinct trend toward ______________.a. smaller spans of control.b. decentralized decision-making. (moderate)c. decreased flexibility.d. emphasis on chain of command.e. mechanistic organizations.66. Which of the following factors WOULD NOT influence an organization to have a higher degree ofcentralization?a. Environment is stable.b. Company is geographically dispersed. (difficult)c. Company is large.d. Decisions are significant.e. Organization is facing a crisis.67. ______________ refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the extentto which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures.a. Standardizationb. Centralizationc. Chain of commandd. Strategye. Formalization (moderate)68. All of the following factors indicate that a decentralized organization would be most effective EXCEPTwhen ______________.a. the environment is complex.b. decisions are relatively minor.c. the organization is facing a crisis. (difficult)d. the company is geographically dispersed.e. effective implementation of strategies depends on managers having involvement and flexibilityto make decisions.69. Which of the following factors describes an environment in whicha high degree of decentralization isdesired?a. Environment is complex, uncertain. (moderate)b. Lower-level managers do not want to have a say in decisions.c. Decisions are significant.d. Company is large.e. Organization is facing a crisis or the risk of company failure.70. The ______________ organizational structure is characterized by high specialization, extensivedepartmentalization, narrow spans of control and high formalization.a. mechanistic (easy)b. organicc. contingencyd. adhocracye. functional71. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mechanistic organization?a. high specializationb. wide spans of control (moderate)c. high formalizationd. limited information networke. extensive departmentalization72. What type of organizational form follows classical principles such as unity of command?a. organicb. linearc. decentralizedd. mechanistic (moderate)e. adhocracyORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN DECISIONS73. Which of the following would likely be found in mechanistic organizations?a. wide span of controlb. empowered employeesc. decentralized responsibilityd. few rules and/or regulationse. standardized job specialties (difficult)74. All of the following are characteristics of an organic organization EXCEPT:a. narrow spans of control. (moderate)b. cross-hierarchical teams.c. free flow of information.d. low formalization.e. cross-functional teams.75. In the early years of Apple Computers, its desire for highly proficient and creative employees who operatedwith few work rules was an example of what type of organization?a. bureaucraticb. mechanisticc. volatiled. nouvellee. organic (difficult)。
罗宾斯《管理学》(第7版)课后习题与考研真题详解
罗宾斯《管理学》（第7版）课后习题与考研真题详解第1章管理与组织导论一、思考题1．你的课程的授课教师是管理者吗？请分别用管理职能、管理角色、技能观点以及系统观点和权变观点讨论这个问题。
答：授课教师是管理者。
管理者指通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织目标的人。
管理者的工作可能意味着协调一个部门的工作，也可能意味着监督几个单独的个人，还可能包含协调一个团队的活动。
授课教师就是协调一个团队（学习团队）达到教学目标的管理者。
具体说来，授课教师作为管理者的工作可以用不同的观点来描述：（1）职能观点。
管理的职能就是管理者为了有效的管理所必须具备的功能，一般认为管理具有以下几项基本职能：计划、组织、领导、控制。
如图1-1所示。
图1-1 管理职能对于授课教师的工作来说：①计划。
教师不仅对一个学期的授课任务有详细的计划，还对每堂课的授课内容，所要达到的目标都有一个具体的安排。
②组织。
教师要组织课堂教学，还要保证整个学期这门课程的顺利进行，包括安排学习委员、班长等协助其教学工作的展开。
③领导。
表现在教师指导和激励所有的学生用心学习，个别时候还会找个人谈话，对学校好的同学进行表彰。
④控制。
教师要对授课情况进行反馈，并且制定一系列的课堂纪律保证教学的顺利进行，以达到预期的授课目标。
（2）角色观点。
亨利·明茨伯格（Henry Mint berg）这位杰出的管理研究者认为，管理者的行为可以通过考察管理者在工作中所扮演的角色来恰当地描述。
明茨伯格的10种管理行为可以被进一步组合为三个主要的方面，即人际关系、信息传递和决策制定。
对于授课教师的工作来说：①人际角色。
作为课程的挂名首脑、领导者和联络者，授课教师要对学生的学习情况向学校总结、汇报，并为该门课程的展开争取一定的教学资源。
②信息传递。
作为监听者、传播者和发言人，授课教师全权负责这门课程的展开，学校对该门课程的指示或学生对该门课程有什么要求，都由授课教师代表全体学员向学校进行沟通和传达。
罗宾斯《管理学》第七版章内测验答案
第Ⅰ篇绪论第一章管理与组织导论一、谁是管理者1.管理者在哪些方面不同于非管理人员？答：协调其他人的工作——区分了管理岗位与非管理岗位。
2.说明为什么并不总能很容易地确定谁是组织中的管理员。
答：组织以及工作正在变化的性质模糊了管理者与非管理雇员之间的界限，许多传统的职位现在都包括了管理性的活动，特别是在团队中（团队成员通常要制定计划、决策以及监督自己的绩效），非管理雇员也承担着过去是管理者的一部分职责。
补充：⑴管理者：管理者是这样的人，他通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织的目标。
3.对比三种不同的管理层次。
答：①基层管理者是最低层的管理人员，他们管理着非管理雇员所从事的工作，这些工作生产和提供组织的产品。
②中层管理者包括所有处于基层和高层之间的各个管理层次的管理者，这些管理者管理着基层管理者。
③高层管理者处于或接近组织顶层，他们承担着制定广泛的组织决策、为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
注：并不是所有的组织都具有金字塔形的组织结构，但都需要某个人来扮演管理者的角色，即需要有人来协调工作和活动，以便能够同别人一起或者通过别人来实现组织的目标。
二、什么是管理和管理者做什么补充：⑴管理：定义为一个协调工作活动的过程，以便能够有效率和有效果地同别人一起或通过别人实现组织的目标。
要点：①过程代表了一系列进行中的有管理者参与的职能或活动，这些职能一般划分为计划、组织、领导和控制。
②协调其他人的工作——区分了管理岗位与非管理岗位。
③有效率和有效果地完成组织的工作活动。
4.如何理解管理是一个过程。
答：上面要点①。
5.定义效率和效果。
答：①效率是指以尽可能少的投入获得尽可能多的产出。
通常指的是“正确地做事”，即不浪费资源。
②效果通常是指“做正确的事”，即所从事的工作和活动有助于组织达到其目标。
③可见，效率是关于做事的方式；效果是指实现组织目标的程度，涉及事情的结果。
6.解释效率和效果对管理的重要性。
罗宾斯《管理学》章节题库(工作场所的管理者)【圣才出品】
第1章工作场所的管理者一、概念题1．管理[东南大学2019年研；山西财大2018年研；华南理工2017年研；湘潭大学2017年研；四川大学2017年研；福建师大2017年研；哈工大2016年研；中央财大2016、2015年研]答：管理是指在特定的组织内外环境下，通过对组织的资源进行有效地计划、组织、领导、控制而实现组织目标的过程。
其含义有：①管理存在于组织之中，是为了实现组织目标而服务的。
②管理是由计划、组织、领导和控制这样一系列相互关联、连续进行的活动所构成的，这些活动称为管理的职能。
③管理活动既强调目的（“做正确的事”）又注重过程（“正确地做事”）。
有效管理就是要效果与效率兼重，“正确地去做适当的事情”。
④管理工作在一定环境条件下进行，环境既提供了机会，也构成了威胁。
有效的管理必须充分考虑组织内外的特定条件。
2．管理者[暨南大学2017年研]答：管理者（manager）是协调和监管其他人的工作，以使组织目标能够实现的人。
管理者的工作与个人成就无关，而是关注如何帮助别人完成工作。
非管理雇员直接处理工作或任务，没有人向他们汇报。
在传统结构的组织中，管理者包括基层、中层和高层三类。
在其他架构较为松散的组织中，管理者可能不容易被识别出来。
管理者在组织中工作，这是人为的刻意安排，以实现某个特定的目标。
3．人际技能[山东大学2015年研；哈工大2014年研]答：人际关系技能指与他人及团队良好合作的能力，包括管理者自己单独或在团队中与其他人和睦相处的能力。
由于管理者直接与人打交道，因此这些技能对所有层级的管理者同等重要。
拥有良好的人际技能的管理者不仅知道如何与员工沟通，他们还擅于激励、领导员工，激发员工的工作热情与工作积极性，并且获得员工的信任，因而，他们往往能够从他们的员工那里获得最大产出。
4．人际关系角色[东财2009年研]答：亨利·明茨伯格的管理角色理论认为，管理者做什么可以通过考察管理者在工作中所扮演的10种不同但高度相关的角色来恰当地描述。
(完整word版)管理学-罗宾斯-试题
浙江大学一、单项选择题（每题3分，共30分）1 在管理过程中，“监控活动以确保它们按计划完成”的职能，属于____.A。
计划 B。
组织 C。
领导 D。
控制2 在20世纪30年代，确信管理者的工作是激励雇员做出更答努力,并首先提出组织是一个开放系统观点的学者是____。
A. 亨利？法约尔 B。
马克斯？韦伯 C. 切斯特？巴纳德 D。
埃尔顿？梅奥3 某个组织通过一次性支付或按销售提取一定费用,从而给予其他制造业组织商标、技术或产品规范的使用权,这种方式可以称为____.A。
特许经营 B。
许可证贸易 C。
合资企业 D。
独资企业4 在不确定情况下，除了有限信息的影响之外,另一个影响决策结果的因素是____.A．风险性 B。
环境的复杂性 C。
决策者心理定位 D. 决策的时间压力5 某电器公司决定采取收购方式进入家用空调产业,以分散经营风险，从战略层次或类型的角度看，该战略属于____。
A．公司层战略 B. 事业层战略 C。
职能层战略 D。
技术运作层战略6 在PERT网络图中，关键路线上的活动的松弛时间是____.A 最长活动时间 B。
最长活动时间与最短活动时间之差 C.各活动所用时间之和D。
零7 在组织设计中，用来描述组织中各项工作标准化以及员工行为受规则和程序约束程度的变量或要素是____。
A．工作专门化 B. 正规化 C. 管理跨度 D. 部门化8 人们根据自己的兴趣、经验和态度而有选择地去解释所看或所听的信息，这被称为____.A．选择性知觉 B. 过滤 C。
自我认知 D。
情绪知觉9 当人们以个体所在的团体为基础来判断某人时，人们所使用的这种捷径被称为____。
A．晕轮效应 B。
对比效应 C. 选择性知觉 D。
刻板印象10 某公司形成了很强的价值观和行为规范，并有一套完整的仪式来调节和引导员工的行为。
从控制的角度来看，这属于____.A．反馈控制 B. 市场控制 C。
小集团控制 D. 官僚控制二、名词解释（每题4分,共24分）1、创业精神2、社会责任3、竞争优势4、组织承诺5、虚拟团队6、平衡计分卡三、简答题（每题6分，共42分)1、对组织及其成员而言，为什么说“强文化"比“弱文化”的影响更大？2、简述程序、规则和政策及其在决策制定过程中的作用.3、一个设计良好的目标具有哪些基本特征？4、简述部门化以及通用的部门化方式。
罗宾斯,管理学,常考题目和答案
1.In a short essay, discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness and include a specific example to support each concept.a. Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deal with scarce inputs—including resources such as people, money, and equipment—they are concerned with the efficient use of resources. For instance, at the Beiersdorf Inc. factory in Cincinnati, where employees make body braces and supports, canes, walkers, crutches, and other medical assistance products, efficient manufacturing techniques were implemented by doing things such as cutting inventory levels, decreasing the amount of time needed to manufacture products, and lowering product reject rates. From this perspective,eff iciency is often referred to as “doing things right”—that is, not wasting resources.b. Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things”—that is, those work activities that will help the organization reach its goals. For instance, at the Beiersdorf factory, goals included open communication between managers and employees and cutting costs. Through various work programs, these goals were pursued and achieved. Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.2．In a short essay, list an explain the four basic functions of management.Answer(pg11): Planning:mangement founction that involves defining goals,estabiashing strategies for achieving those goals and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.Organising:management founction that involves determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them,how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made.Leading:management founction that involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in any way with employee behaviour issues.Controlling:management founction that involves monitoring actual to standard and takingaction if necessary.3．In a short essay, explain the four approaches that organisations can take with respect to environmental issues.The first approach simply is doing what is required legally: the legal approach. Under this approach, organizations exhibit little environmental sensitivity. They obey laws, rules, and regulations willingly and without legal challenge, and they may even try to use the law to their own advantage, but that’s the ext ent of their being green. This approach is a good illustration of social obligation: These organizations simply are following their legal obligations of pollution prevention and environmental protection. As an organization becomes more aware of and sensitive to environmental issues, it may adopt the market approach. In this approach, organizations respond to the environmental preferences of their customers. Whatever customers demand in terms of environmentally friendly products will be what the organization provides. Under the next approach, the stakeholder approach, the organization chooses to respond to multiple demands made by stakeholders. Under the stakeholder approach, the green organization will work to meet the environmental demands of groups such as employees, suppliers, or the community. Both the market approach and the stakeholder approach are good illustrations of social responsiveness. Finally, if an organization pursues an activist approach, it looks for ways to respect and preserve the earth and its natural resources. The activist approach exhibits the highest degree of environmental sensitivity and is a good illustration of social responsibility.4.List the factors that influence the strength of an organization’s culture and discuss the impact of a strong culture on employees.a.size of the organizationb.how long it has been aroundc.how much turnover there has been among employeesd.intensity with which the culture was originatede.clear to employees what is important and what is not importantpare and contrast the ideas social obligation an social responsiveness.The more employees accept the organization’s key values and the greater their commitment to those values, the stronger the culture is. Strong cultures have a greater influence on employees than do weak cultures and are associated with high organizational performance. Strong culture also enhances performances Explanation of this is that if values are clear and widely accepted, employees know what they’re supposed to do and what’s expected of them so they can act quickly to take care of problems, thus preventing any potential performance decline.6.In a short essay, discuss the assumption of raionality and the validity of those assumption.AnswerA decision maker who was perfectly rational would be fully objective and logical. He or she would carefully define a problem and would have a clear and specific goal. Moreover, making decisions using rationality would consistently lead toward selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal. The assumptions of rationality apply to any decision. Rational managerial decision making assumes that decisions are made in the best economic interests of the organization. That is, the decision maker is assumed to be ma ximizing the organization’s interests, not his or her own interests. Managerial decision making can follow rational assumptions if the following conditions are met: the manager is faced with a simple problem in which the goals are clear and the alternatives limited; the time pressures are minimal; the cost of seeking out and evaluating alternatives is low; the organizational culture supports innovation and risk taking; and outcomes are relatively concrete and measurable. However, most decisions that managers face in the real world don’t meet all of those tests.7.In a short essay, discuss bounded rationality and satisficing.AnswerDespite the limits to perfect rationality, managers are expected to follow a rational process when making decisions. However, certain aspects of the decision-making process are not realistic as managers make decisions. Instead, managers tend to operate under assumptions of bounded rationality; that is, they behave rationally within the parameters of a simplified decision-makingpr ocess that is limited by an individual’s ability to process information. Managers satisfice, rather than maximize, because they can’t possibly analyze all the information on all of the alternatives. That is, they accept solutions that are “good enough.” Th ey are being rational within the limits of their information-processing ability.8.In a short essay, list and discuss the three levels of strategy that a large organization must develop.Answera.Corporate strategy—this strategy seeks to determine what businesses a company should be in or wants to be in. Corporate strategy determines the direction that the organization is going and the roles that each business unit in the organization will plan in pursuing that direction.b.Business strategy—this strategy seeks to determine how an organization should compete in each of its businesses. For a small organization in only one line of business or the large organization that has not diversified into different products or markets, the business strategy typically over laps with the organization’s corporate strategy. For organizations with multiple businesses, however, each division will have its own strategy that defines the products or services it will offer and the customers it wants to reach.c.Functional strategy—this strategy seeks to determine how to support the business strategy. For organizations that have traditional functional departments such as manufacturing, marketing, human resources, research and development, and finance, these strategies need to support the business strategy.9.In a short essay, list the tree traditional organizational designs. Describe the characteristics that are commonly associated with each. (P309)10.In a short essay, discuss the concept of competitive advantage. Include specific examples of companies and their respective competitive advantages to support your answer.AnswerCompetitive advantage is what sets an organization apart, that is, its distinctive edge. That distinctive edge comes from the organization’s core competencies, which might be in the form of organizational capabilities—the organization does something that others cannot do or does it better than others can do it. For example, Dell has developed a competitive advantage based upon its ability to create a direct-selling ch annel that’s highly responsive to customers. Southwest Airlines has a competitive advantage because it is skilled in giving passengers what they want—quick, convenient, and fun service. Or those core competencies that lead to competitive advantage also can come from organizational assets or resources—the organization has something that its competitors do not have. For instance, Wal-Mart’s state-of-the-art information systems allows it to monitor and control inventories and supplier relations more efficiently than its competitors, which Wal-Mart has turned into a price advantage.11.In a short essay, define management by objectives (MBO) and list four elements of this type of goal setting. What are some problems associated with this approach?AnswerManagement by objectives (MBO) is a management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers, progress toward accomplishingthese goals is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress. Rather than using goals only as controls, MBO uses them to motivate employees as well. Management by objectives consists of four elements: goal specificity, participative decision making, an explicit time period, and performance feedback. Its appeal lies in its focus on employees working to accomplish goals they have had a hand in determining. One problem is that MBO may not be as effective in times of dynamic environmental change. Under an MBO program, employees need some stability to work toward ac complishing the set goals. If new goals must be set every few weeks, there’s no time for employees to work on accomplishing the goals and measuring that accomplishment. Another problem of MBO programs is that an overemphasis by an employee on accomplishing his or her goals without regard to others in the work unit can be counterproductive. A manager must work closely with all members of the work unit to assure that employees aren’t working atcross-purposes. Finally, if MBO is viewed simply as an annual exercise in filling out paperwork, employees won’t be motivated to accomplish the goals.12.In a short essay, list and discuss the five needs that are based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.Answera.Physiological needs: food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction, and other physical requirements.b.Safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met.c.Social needs: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.d.Esteem needs: internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention.e.Self-actualization needs: growth, achieving one’s potential, and self-fulfillment; the drive to become what one is capable of becoming.1.In a short essay, explain the difference between a multinationalcorporation (MNC), a transnational corporation (TNC), and a borderless organization. Include examples of companies for each of the types of organizations discussed.Answera. Multinational corporation—these organizations—which maintain significant operations in multiple countries but are managed from a base in the home country—inaugurated the rapid growth in international trade. With its focus on control from the home country, the MNC is characteristic of the ethnocentric attitude. Some examples of companies that can be considered MNCs include Sony, Deutsche Bank AG, ExxonMobil, and Merrill Lynch. Although these companies have considerable global holdings, management decisions with company-wide implications are made from headquarters in the home country.b. Transnational corporation (TNC)—this company maintains significant operations in more than one country but decentralizes management to the local country. This type of organization doesn’t attempt to replicate its domestic successes by managing foreign operations from its home country. Instead, nationals typically are hired to run operations in each country, and marketing strategies for each country are tail ored to that country’s unique characteristics. This type of global organization reflects the polycentric attitude. For example, Switzerland-based Nestlé, the world’s largest food company, can be described as a transnational. With operations in almost every country on the globe, its managers match the company’s products to its consumers. In parts of Europe, Nestlé sells products that are not available in the United States or Latin America.c. Borderless organization—because of the increasingly global environment, many largewell-known companies are moving to more effectively globalize their management structure by eliminating structural divisions that impose artificial geographical barriers. The borderless organization approaches global business from a geocentric attitude. For example, IBM dropped its organizational structure based on country and reorganized into 14 industry groups. Borderless management is an attempt by organizations to increase efficiency and effectiveness in a competitive global marketplace.2.In a short essay, define organizational culture and discuss the three implications of culture as discussed in the textbook.AnswerOrganizational culture is a system of shared meaning and beliefs held by organizational members that determines, in large degree, how they act. It represents a common perception held by the organization’s members. In every organization, there are systems or patterns of values, symbols, rituals, myths, and practices that have evolved over time. These shared values determine, to a large degree, what employees see, and how they respond to their world. When confronted with problems or work issues, the organizational culture influences what employees can do and how they conceptualize, define, analyze, and resolve these issues.This definition of culture implies several things. First, culture is a perception. Individuals perceive the organizational culture on the basis of what they see, hear, or experience within the organization. Second, even though individuals may have different backgrounds or work at different organizational levels, they tend to describe the organization’s culture in similar terms. That is the shared aspect of culture. Finally, organizational culture is a descriptive term. It’s concerned with how members perceive the organization, not with whether they like it. It describes rather than evaluates.3.In a short essay, list and briefly explain the steps, processes, and best practices managers typically utilize in the control process. Provide examples where appropriate.Answera.Measuring—the first step in the control process is measuring. Most jobs and activities can be expressed in tangible and measurable terms. However, managers frequently use a variety of sources of information to measure actual performance, such as personal observation, statistical reports, oral reports, and written reports. For most managers, using a combination of approaches increases both the number of input sources and the probability of getting reliable information.paring—the second step involves determining the degree of variation between actual performance and the prespecified standard. Some variation is to be expected. However, it is important for managers to determine the acceptable range of variation.c.Taking managerial action—managers can choose among three possible courses of action: do nothing, correct the actual performance, or revise the standards. Examples of corrective actions might include changing strategy, structure, compensation plans, training programs, redesigning jobs, or firing employees. Revising standards is an appropriate response if the variance was the result of unrealistic expectations. However, revising standards downwards can be troublesome when an employee or work unit fall short of reaching a goal. If they don’t meet the standard, their natural response is to attack the standard. If the manager believes the standard is fair, they should explain their position, reaffirm their desire for the employee or work unit to meet the standard, and then take necessary corrective action to turn that expectation into reality.4.In a short essay, list and discuss three of the main performance control tools used for monitoring and measuring organizational performance.Answera.Feedforward, concurrent, and feedback controls—the most desirable type of control—feedforward control—prevents anticipated problems since it takes place before the actual activity. Concurrent control, as its name implies, takes place while an activity is in progress. The most popular type of control relies on feedback. In feedback control, the control takes place after the activity is done.b.Financial controls—one of the primary purposes of every business firm is to earn a profit. In pursuit of this objective, managers need financial controls. They might perform several financial ratio tests to ensure that sufficient cash is available to pay ongoing expenses, that debt levels haven’t become too high, or that assets are being used productively. Or, they might look at some newer financial control tool s such as Market Value Added (MVA) to see if the company’s market value is greater than the capital invested in it.rmation controls—information can be critical to monitoring and measuring an organization’s performance. Managers need the right informat ion at the right time and in the right amount. Inaccurate, incomplete, excessive, or delayed information will seriously impede performance.d.Balanced scorecard—this is a performance measurement that was introduced as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective. The balanced scorecard is a performance measurement tool that looks at four areas—financial, customer, internal processes, and people/innovation/growth assets—that contribute to a company’s performance. According to this approach, managers should develop goals in each of the four areas and measure to determine if these goals are being met.e.Benchmarking of best practices—benchmarking is the search for the best practices among competitors or noncompetitors that lead to their superior performance. At its most fundamental level, benchmarking means learning from others. As a tool for monitoring and measuring organizational performance, benchmarking can be used to help identify specific performance gaps and potential areas for improvement.。
罗宾斯《管理学》判断选择题集
选择题1.根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，人的行为决定于：A.需求层次B.激励程度C.精神状态D.主导需求2.为了明确企业计划的外部条件，其关键是：A.定量预测B.定性预测C.环境预测D.销售预测3.企业计划工作的前提条件可分为企业可控制和企业不可控制的。
下列哪个(些)条件是企业可控制的?A.未来市场价格水平B.税收和财政政策C.A和BD.产品投放市场的时机4.外部经济性主要源自于：A.整个行业的分工与专业化B.企业内部的分工与专业化C.企业生产成本的降低D.企业内部管理的加强5.中国某著名的S药业公司，经常在电视上做各种公益广告如“吸烟有害”等，这说明该公司奉行的经营观念是：A.产品观念B.推销观念C.营销观念D.不能确定6.X商品的替代品与互补品价格的上升，分别引起X商品月需求量变动为50单位和80单位，则在它们共同作用下该月X商品的需求数量变动单位为：A.增加30B.减少30C.增加130D.减少1307.近年来，我国市场上对纯棉服装的需求不断上升，是由于A.化纤服装的价格下降B.我国进口关税的总水平下降C.纯棉服装生产成本增加D.人们消费时尚的改变8.中国足球甲A联赛越来越引人注目，形成了所谓的球市，你认为这个市场主要是由哪些因素构成的?A.球迷、球员、教练、场地B.我国进口关税的总水平下降C.球迷、俱乐部、电视台、教练D.球迷、赞助商、俱乐部、电视台9.某S公司是一家刚起步的公司，公司的产品刚刚开始出发，面临着如何进入市场的问题。
这一产品是一种全新的营养补品，与市场上已有的产品有着很大的不同。
公司决定先集中力量在邻近的大城市搞“广告轰炸”，在这点上公司上下意见一致，但在广告的侧重点上，大家发生了争议。
你认为广告侧重应放在以下哪种因素上A.企业形象及公司名称B.产品商标C.产品包装D.本公司产品与其他产品的区别10.新产品上市后，如果适合市场需要，即进入A.成熟期B.成长期C.衰退期D.介绍期11.某企业拟购置一套大型设备，甲、乙、丙三个供应商的报价相同，设备性能也一样，只是使用过程中需要的维修费不同，预计情况如下表：供应商甲乙丙发生的可能性(%)406040603070根据以上数据，企业应购买哪个(些)供应商的设备?A.甲或丙B.乙C.甲D.丙12.比较马斯洛的需求层次理论和赫茨伯格的双因素理论，马斯洛提出的五种需求中，属于保健因素的是A.生理和自尊的需要B.生理、安全和自我实现的需要C.生理、安全和社交的需要D.安全和自我实现的需要13.如果商品的价格上升一个不大的百分比而引起对该商品的需求量大幅度的下降，则A.该商品没有替代品B.该商品没有互补品C.该商品富有需求价格弹性D.该商品缺乏需求价格弹性14.一家企业生产的某种产品销售量增长速度出现负数，而市场调查却显示该产品的市场需求量仍然在快速增长，由此可得结论：A.该产品正处于生命周期成熟期B.该企业的生产能力有所萎缩C.该企业产品的竞争优势有所下降D.该产品市场需求正在下降15.某总经理把产品销售的责任委派给一位市场经营的副总经理，由其负责所有地区的经销办事处，但同时总经理又要求各地区经销办事处的经理们直接向总会计师汇报每天的销售数字，而总会计师也可以直接向各经销办事处经理们下指令。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库
Chapter 7 – Foundations of PlanningTrue/False Questions4. Research indicates that managers who plan always outperform managers who do not plan.False (moderate)9. Plans that specify the details of achievement of the overall objectives are calledoperational plans.True (difficult)10. Directional plans have clearly defined objectives.False (moderate)12. Standing plans are created in response to programmed decisions that managers make andinclude policies, rules, and procedures.True (moderate)13. The greater the environmental certainty, the more plans need to be directional andemphasis placed on the short term.False (moderate)22. An organization's real goals are what they actually plan on accomplishing, rather thanwhat they hope to accomplish.False (moderate)24. Real goals are official statements of what an organization says its goals are.False (easy)Multiple Choice36. One purpose of planning is that it minimizes ______________ and ______________.a. cost; timeb. time; personnel needsc. waste; redundancy (difficult)d. time; wastee. mistakes; cost38. What does the evidence suggest about organizations that plan compared to organizationsthat do not plan?a. Planning organizations always outperform nonplanning organizations.b. Nonplanning organizations always outperform planning organizations.c. Planning organizations generally outperform nonplanning organizations (easy)d. Nonplanning organizations generally outperform planning organizations.e. They generally perform at about the same level.45. Which of the following is the foundation of planning?a. employeesb. goals (easy)c. outcomesd. computerse. the planning department46. According to the text, _____________ are documents that outline how goals are going tobe met and which typically describe resource allocations, schedules, and other necessary actions to accomplish the goals.a.strategiesb.goalsc.plans (moderate)d.policiese.procedures50. Which of the following is true concerning an organization's stated objectives?a. They issue identical objectives to all constituents.b. Organizations typically have internal and external sets of objectives.c.They may issue different objectives to stockholders, customers, employees, and thepublic.(moderate)d. It is illegal to issue conflicting stated objectives.e. Stated objectives are usually in line with short-term actions.54. What should a person do to understand what are the real objectives of the organization?a. observe organizational member actions (moderate)b. attend a stockholders annual meetingc. read their statement of purposed. read their annual reporte. watch television news reports59. When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by______________.a. breadth.b. specificity.c. frequency of use. (easy)d. depth.e. time frame.61. Based on the information presented in the text, ______________ are short term,specific, and standing.a. operational (moderate)b. long-termc. strategicd. specifice. directional67. An organizational plan that has a 6-year time frame would be considered what type ofplan?a. operationalb. short-termc. strategicd. intermediatee. long-term (moderate)68. Strategic plans tend to include a time period of usually ______________.a. 1 year.b. 1-3 years.c. 3 years or more. (moderate)d. 5 years or more.e. at least 10 years.71. Compared to directional plans, what type of plan has clearly defined objectives?a. strategicb. single-usec. short-termd. specific (moderate)e. standing76.Planning accuracy with a high degree of environmental change tends to produce which ofthe following results?a. Planning accuracy is likely.b. Planning accuracy becomes much more important.c. Planning accuracy becomes less important.d. Planning accuracy is less likely. (moderate)e. Planning accuracy occurs in the long-run.78. A ______________ plan is a one-time plan designed to meet the needs of a uniquesituation and created in response to nonprogrammed decisions that managers make.a. single-use (easy)b. short-termc. directionald. standinge. strategic79. A small town's preparation for a visit by the President of the United States would beconsidered what type of plan?a. strategicb. directionalc. standingd. long-terme. single-use (moderate)81. A city's policy concerning skateboarding on downtown sidewalks providing guidance forpolice action would be considered what type of plan?a. standing (difficult)b. contingencyc. directionald. single-usee. strategic84. Where in the organizational hierarchy are traditional goals determined?a. front-line employeesb. team leadersc. lower-level managersd. middle managerse. top managers (moderate)89. A management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined byemployees and their managers is known as ______________.a.management by objectives. (moderate)b.means-ends chain.c.traditional goal setting.d.management by opinions.91. Which of the following is not one of the four common elements of Management ByObjectives (MBO)?a. goal specificityb. participative decision-makingc. an explicit time periodd. a systems loop (difficult)e. performance feedback93. Management By Objectives (MBO) can be described by which of the following statements?a. an autocratic systemb. a "bottom up" systemc. a "top down" systemd. both a "top down" and a "bottom up" system (difficult)e. a static system105. According to the boxed feature, “Managing in an E-Business World,” probably the biggest change for planning in e-business is that ______________.a.the environment is more stable.b.customers are calling the shots. (moderate)c.employees are making the demands.d.only a few competitors exist.Essay Questions122. In a short essay, list and discuss the four reasons for planning.Answera.Planning establishes coordinated effort. It gives direction to managers andnonmanagers alike. When employees know where the organization or work unit aregoing and what they must contribute to reach goals, they can coordinate theiractivities, cooperate with each other, and do what it takes to accomplish thosegoals. Without planning, departments and individuals might be working at cross-purposes, preventing the organization from moving efficiently toward its goals.b.Planning reduces uncertainty by forcing managers to look ahead, anticipate change,consider the impact of change, and develop appropriate responses. It alsoclarifies the consequences of actions managers might take in response to change.Even though planning can’t eliminate change, managers plan in order to anticipatechanges and develop the most effective response to them.c.Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities.When work activities arecoordinated around established plans, wasted time and resources and redundancy canbe minimized. Furthermore, when means and ends are made clear through planning,inefficiencies become obvious and can be corrected or eliminated.d.Planning establishes goals or standards that are used in controlling. If managersare unsure of what they are trying to accomplish, they will be unable to determinewhether or not the goal has actually been achieved. In planning, goals and plansare developed. Then, through controlling, actual performance is compared againstthe goals, significant deviations are identified, and necessary corrective actionis taken. Without planning, there would be no way to control.(moderate)127. In a short essay, list and discuss five characteristics of well-defined goals.Answer(1) A well-designed goal should be written in terms of outcomes rather than actions.The desired end result is the most important element of any goal and, therefore, thegoal should be written to reflect this. (2) Next, a goal should be measurable and quantifiable. It’s much easier to determine if a goal has been met if it’s measurable. In line with specifying a quantifiable measure of accomplishment, (3) a well-designed goal should also be clear as to a time frame. Although open-ended goals may seem preferable because of their supposed flexibility, in fact, goals without a time frame make an organization less flexible because a manager is never sure when the goal has been met or when he or she should call it quits because the goal will never be met regardless of how long he or she works at it. (4) Next a well-designed goal should be challenging but attainable. Goals that are too easy to accomplish are not motivating and neither are goals that are not attainable even with exceptional effort.(5) Next, well-designed goals should be written down. Although actually writing downgoals may seem too time consuming, the process of writing the goals forces people to think them through. In addition, the written goals become visible and tangible evidence of the importance of working toward something. (6) Finally, well-designed goals are communicated to all organizational members who need to know the goals.Making people aware of the goals ensures that they’re “on the same page” and working in ways to ensure the accomplishment of the organizational goals.(moderate)128. In a short essay, list and discuss the five steps in the goal-setting process.Answera.Step 1: Review the organization’s mission, the purpose of the organization.These broad statements of what the organization’s purpose is and what it hopes toaccomplish provide an overall guide to what organizational members think isimportant. It’s important to review these statements before writing goals becausethe goals should reflect what the mission statement says.b.Step 2: Evaluate available resources. A manager doesn’t want to set goals thatare impossible to achieve given the available resources. Even though goals shouldbe challenging, they should be realistic. If the resources a manager has to workwith doesn’t allow for the achievement of that goal no matter how had the managertries of how much effort is exerted, that goal shouldn’t be set.c.Step 3: Determine individually, or with input from others, the goals. These goalsreflect desired outcomes and should be congruent with the organizational missionand goals in other organizational areas. These goals should be measurable,specific, and include a time frame for accomplishment.d.Step 4: Write down the goals and communicate them to all who need to know.Writing goals down forces people to think them through and also makes those goalsvisible and tangible evidence of the importance of working toward something.e.Step 5: Review results and whether goals are being met. Make changes, as needed.Once the goals have been established, written down, and communicated, a manager isready to develop plans for pursuing the goals.(difficult)129. In a short essay, list and discuss the three contingency factors that affect planning.Answera.Level in the organization–for the most part, operational planning dominatesmanagers’ planning efforts at lower levels. At higher organizational levels, theplanning becomes more strategy oriented.b.Degree of environmental uncertainty–when environmental uncertainty is high,plans should be specific, but flexible. Managers must be prepared to reword andamend plans as they’re implemented. At times, managers may even have to abandon their plans.c.Length of future commitments –the more that current plans affect futurecommitments, the longer the time frame for which managers should plan. This commitment concept means that plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed. Planning for too long or for too short a time period is inefficient and ineffective.(moderate)。
罗宾斯《管理学》周三多《管理学》强化测试
罗宾斯《管理学》周三多《管理学》强化测试管理学试题（一）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案，并将正确答案的码填在题后的括号内，每小题1分，共15分)1．决定管理社会属性的是( )(1)生产方式 (2)生产力 (3)生产关系 (4)上层建筑2．被称为组织理论之父的管理学家是（）(1)泰罗 (2)法约尔 (3)韦伯 (4)巴纳德3．在计划工作的步骤中，计划决策的关键是( )(1)确定目标(2)评价各种方案 (3)选择方案（4）制订派生计划4．木桶原理是下列哪一原理的形象说法（）(1)限定因素原理 (2)许诺原理(3)灵活性原理 (4)改变航道原理5．预测研究中最活跃的活动是( )(1)社会未来预测 (2)技术预测 (3)经济预测 (4)市场预测6．一般意义上的组织泛指( ）(1)按照一定目的和程序组成的一种权责结构 (2)各种各样的社团、企事业单位 (3)具有共同目标的团体 (4)具有不同分工协作的单位7．管理宽度按算术级数增加时，主管人员和下属间的关系将以( )(1)等比级数增加 (2)等比级数减少 (3)几何级数增加（4）几何级数减少8．洛克希德导弹与航天公司确定管理幅度的一种方法是（）(1)上下级关系理论 (2)格拉丘纳斯法(3)变量依据法 (4)分权法9．上层主管人员的重要任务是( )(1)监督执行 (2)协调执行 (3)监督控制 (4)决策控制10．考评的结果要反馈到（）(1)考评的评判人员(2)最高级主管人员 (3)组织的顾问 (4)被考评的主管人员11人与人之间的沟通过程中有重要意义的是( )(1)思想品德因素（2)气质因素 (3)心理因素（4）文化素质因素12．社会人”的基本假设之一是( )(1)人们把追求感情当成主要目的 (2)人是最勤奋的 (3)人是为完成组织目标而工作的（4）人是由社会需求而引起工作动机的13．“用奖赏兼某些恐吓及处罚的方法去鼓励下属；允许一些自下而上传递的信息；向下属征求一些想法与意见，并允许把某些决策权授予下属，但加以严格的政策控制”，是指下列哪种管理方法( )(1)利用——命令式方法（2)温和命令式方法 (3)商议式方法 (4)集体参与式方法14．最理想的标准是( )(1)实物标准（2)费用标准 (3)资金标准（4）可考核标准15现场控制主要为( )所采用的控制方法(])基层主管人员（2)中层主管人员 (3)高层主管人员 (4)非主管人员二、多项选择题(在每小题的五个备选答案中选出二个至五个正确的答案，并将正确答案的分别填在题后的括号内。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-8
Chapter 8 - Strategic ManagementTrue/False Questions3. The first step in the strategic management process is analyzing the external environment.False (difficult)6. Within an industry, an environment can present opportunities to one organization and pose threats to another.True (moderate)The final step in the strategic management process is implementing the objectives.False (difficult)TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES11.Corporate-level strategics arc developed for organizations that run more than one type of business.True (moderate)The business group that is characterized by having low growth but high market share is known as a cash cow.True (moderate)According to the Boston Consulting Group matrix, question marks are businesses that generate large amounts of cash, but their prospects lor future growth are limited?False (moderate)According to Porter's competitive strategies framework, the cost leadership strategy would result in the best quality product at a justifiable cost.False (difficult)Multiple Choice38.The strategic management process is divided into which of the following sections?a.planning, implementation, and evaluation (easy)b.problem identification, planning, and implementationc.implementation, evaluation, and restructuringd.mission statement, environmental evaluation, and specific goalse.mission statement, environmental scoping, and evaluationIn the strategic management process, the defines the organizational purpose and answersthe question: "What is our reason for being in business?" a. objective b. evaluation c. strategyd.mission (easy)e.values statement41. Which of the following is not an example of an organization's mission?a.We believe our first responsibility is to doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and all others who use ourproducts and services. (Johnson & Johnson).b.AMAX's principal products are molybdenum, coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, petroleum and natural gas,potash, phosphates, nickel, tungsten, silver, gold, and magnesium.c.We at Xeren want to increase market share by 10% during the next fiscal year, (difficult)d.Wc are dedicated to the total success of Corning Glass Works as a worldwide competitor.e.Hoover Universal is a diversified, multi-industry corporation with strong manufacturing capabilities,entrepreneurial policies, and individual business unit autonomy.44.Which of the following is not part of the organization's external environment?a.what competition is doingb.pending legislation that might affect the organizationc.consumer trendsd.employees* education level (moderate)bor supplyWhat step in the strategic management process follows analyzing the external environment?a.identifying opportunities and threats (moderate)b.mission statementc.evaluationd.identifying strengths and weaknessese.formulating strategiesWhat step in the strategic management process follows analyzing the organization's resources?a.identifying opportunities and threatsb.formulating strategyc.mission statementd.implementing strategye.identifying strengths and weaknesses (easy)In the strategic management process, what step comes prior to evaluating results?a.identifying strengths and weaknessesb.formulating strategiesc.identifying opportunities and threatsd.implementing strategies (easy)f.analyzing the organization's resourcesWhat is the final step in the strategic management process?a.mission statementb.identifying opportunities and threatsc.implementing strategicsd.analyzing the organization's resourcese.evaluating results (easy)Which of the following is one level of strategic planning in large companies?a.management levelb.financial levelc.staff leveld.corporate level (easy)e.systems levelLower level managers in an organization are typically responsible for which of the following types of strategies?a.functional-level strategiesb.business-level strategiesc.corporate-level strategiesd.mergers and acquisitionsWhich of the following is associated with corporate-lcvcl strategies?a.They are needed if your organization is in more than one type of business, (moderate)b.They answer: "How should our business compete?"c.They represent a single business.d.They arc a method of support for the business-level strategics.e.They determine the operations of a single business unit.65.When PepsiCo seeks to integrate the strategies of Pepsi, 7-Up International, and Frito-Lay, it is developingwhat level of business strategy?a.functionalb.systemc.managementd.businesse.corporate (moderate)Examples of a corporate-level stability strategy include all of the following EXCEPT:a.continuing to serve the same clients by offering the same product or service.b.maintaining market share.c.sustaining the organization's return-on-investment results.d.implementing vertical or horizontal integration, (moderate)When should management pursue a stability strategy?anizational performance is slipping.b.The environment is changing.c.The organization's performance is satisfactory and the environment is stable, (moderate)d.The firm has valuable strengths.e.There are abundant environmental opportunities.76.In, the organization attempts to gain control of its inputs by becoming its own supplier.a.forward vertical integrationb.backward vertical integration (moderate)c.horizontal integrationd.related diversificatione.unrelated diversificationWhich of the following describes a company growing by combining with other organizations in the same industry?a.forward vertical integrationb.backward vertical integrationc.horizontal integration (moderate)d.related diversificatione.unrelated diversificationWhich of the four business groups in (he corporate portfolio matrix has high growth and high market share?a.cash cowb.stars (difficult)c.question marksd.dogse.elephantsMichael Porter's competitive strategies framework identifies three generic competitive strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and.a.depth.b.breadth.c.revenue growth.d.focus, (moderate)e.acquisition.102.Porter's competitive strategies framework describes a strategy whereby an organizationwants to be unique in its industry along dimensions widely valued by buyers.a.differentiation (moderate)b.fbcusc.cost leadershipd.depthe.defenderAccording to the boxed feature, "Managing in an E-Business World? all of the following are mentioned as major implications of the increasingly dynamic and uncertain environments on e-business strategies EXCEPT:a.environmental analysis will become an important part of everyone's job.b.strategy will become increasingly long term in orientation, (moderate)c.barriers to entry are practically nonexistent.d. a sustainable competitive advantage will be harder to achieve.ScenariosA Large Taco (Scenario)It is now ten years later and, as the original owner of Taco Rocket, you have seen your business holdings grow substantially. You now need to decide how to best manage and utilize the large number of assets represented by the companies you own. You called the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and they have offered you some advice based on their corporate portfolio matrix.117.Your oldest holding, Taco Rocket, has not grown much in recent years but, due to low debt, generates a hugeamount of cash. Taco Rocket would be considered, according to BCG, a.a.cash cow. (moderate)b.star.c.question mark.d.dog.e.does not fit with their matrix-Recently, you also purchased a company that manufactures a new satellite dish, allowing you to enter into the cable television market. The business is profitable and growing, but the technological unknowns make it risky. BGC considers it a.a.cash cow.b.star.c.question mark, (moderate)d.dog.e.does not fit with their matrix-Another purchase you made was to acquire a local coffee-cart chain with thirty locations around the city. You don't see it growing very much, bui then, ii doesn't cost much (o operate. BGC has labeled this venturea.cash cow.b.star.c.question mark.d.dog. (moderate)e.does not fit with their matrix118.You also got somewhat lucky with an investment made a few years ago. You were an original investor in a computer chip company that took off quickly and now dominates the market. While growing quickly, it docs not tend to generate positive cash flow and is in continuous need of reinvestment of equipment and product development. BGC considers this a. a. cash cow.b.star, (moderate)c.question mark.d.dog.e.does not fit with their matrix-Essay QuestionsTHE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESSIn a short essay, list and discuss the eight steps in the strategic management process.123.In a short essay, list and discuss the three levels of strategy that an organization must develop.Answer Corporate-level strategy - this strategy seeks to determine what businesses a company should be in or wants to be in. Corporate-level strategy determines the direction that the organization is going and the roles that each business unit in the organization will plan in pursuing that direction.a.Business-level strategy - this strategy seeks to determine how an organization should compete in each ofits businesses. For a small organization in only one line of business or the large organization that has not diversified into different products or markets, the business-level strategy typically overlaps with (he organization's corporate strategy. For organizations with multiple businesses, however, each division will have its own strategy that defines the products or services it will offer and the customers it wants to reach.b.Functional-level strategy - this strategy seeks to determine how (o support (he business-level strategy. Fororganizations (hat have traditional functional departments such as manufacturing, marketing, human resources, research and development, and finance, these strategies need to support the businesslevel strategy(moderate)In a short essay, discuss the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix and explain its usefulness in segmenting businesses. Include a discussion of the characteristics for each of the four categories based on the BCG matrix.Answer The Boston Consulting Group matrix introduced the idea that an organization's businesses could be evaluated and plotted using a 2 x 2 matrix to identify which ones offered high potential and which were a drain on organizational resources. The horizontal axis represents market share, which was evaluated as either low or high; and the vertical axis indicates anticipated market growth, which also was evaluated as either low or high. Based on its evaluation, the business was placed in one of four categories:a.Cash cows (low growth, high market share) - businesses in this category generate large amounts of cash,but they prospects for future growth are limited.b.Stars (high growth, high market share) - these businesses are in a fast-growing market, and hold a dominantshare of that market. Their contribution to cash flow depends on their need for resources.c.Question marks (high growth, low market share) - these businesses are in an attractive industry, but holda small market share percentage.d.Dogs (low growth, low market share) - businesses in this category do not produce, or consume, much cash.However, they hold no promise for improved performance.(easy)In a short essay, list and discuss the five competitive forces, according to Porter, which determine industry attractiveness and profitability.Answer Threat of new entrants - determined by the height of barriers to entry which includes factors such as economies of scale, brand loyalty, and capital requirements determine how easy or difficult it is for new competitors to enter an industry.a.Threat of substitutes - factors such as switching costs and buyer loyalty determine the degree to whichcustomers are likely to buy a substitute product.b.Bargaining power of buyers - factors such as number of customers in the market, customer information,and the availability of substitutes determine the amount of influence that buyers have in an industry.c.Bargaining power of suppliers - factors such as the degree of supplier concentration and availability ofsubstitute inputs determine the amount of power that supplier have over firms in the industry.d.Existing rivalry - factors such as industry growth rate, increasing or falling demand, and product differencesdetermine how intense the competitive rivalry will be among firms in the industry.(moderate)In a short essay, list and discuss the three competitive strategics, according to Porter. Include specific examples of companies that pursue each of the three competitive strategies.Answer Cost leadership strategy - when an organization sets out to be the lowest-cost producer in its industry, it's following a cost leadership strategy. A low-cost leader aggressively searches out efficiencies in production, marketing, and other areas of operation. Overhead is kept to a minimum, and the firm does everything it can to cut costs. For example, Wal-Mart,s headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, office furnishings are sparse and drab but functional. Although low-cost leaders don't place a lot of emphasis on "frills,“ the product or service being sold must be perceived as comparable in quality to (hat offered by rivals or al least be acceptable (o buyers. Examples of companies that have used the low-cost leader strategy include Wal-Mart, Hyundai, and Southwest Airlines.a.Differentiation strategy - the company that seeks to offer unique products that are widely valued bycustomers is following a differentiation strategy. Sources of differentiation might be exceptionally high quality, extraordinary service, innovative design, technological capability, or an unusually positive brand image. The key to this competitive strategy is that whatever product or service attribute is chosen for differentiating must set the firm apart from its competitors and be significant enough to justify a price premium that exceed the cost of differentiating. Practically any successful product or sen ice can be identified as an example of the differentiation strategy: Nordstrom's (customer service); Sony (reputation for quality and innovative design); Coach handbags (design and brand image); and Kimberly-Clark's Huggies Pull-Ups (product design).b.Focus strategy - the aim of the focus strategy is at a cost advantage or a differentiation advantage in anarrow segment. That is, managers select a market segment or group of segments in an industry and don't attempt to serve the broad market. The goal of a fbcus strategy is to exploit a narrow segment of a market.These segments can be based on product variety, type of end buyer, distribution channel, or geographical location of buyers. Research suggests (hat (he focus strategy may be (he most effective choice lor small businesses because they typically do not have the economies of scale or internal resources to successfully pursue one of the other two strategies.(moderate)。
罗宾斯(第9版)管理学习题1-4章
第一章口选择题1·治理者是()。
a．不需要补偿的雇员b·为实现组织目标协调工作活动的人c．组织的首脑d．一线工人2·地区经理、工程主管和事业部经理都能够被称为()。
a．基层治理者b．非治理雇员c．中层治理者d．高层治理者3·玛丽向营销副总裁上报工作内容，同时她又是监督者，一些小时工雇员直截了当向她汇报，那么玛丽是()。
a．基层治理者b．中层治理者c．高层治理者d．执行者4·那些负责作出组织层面的决策，并为整个组织制定方案和目标的治理者被定义为()。
a·高层治理者b．中层治理者c．基层治理者d．非治理雇员5·以下能区不治理职位和非治理职位的是()。
a·工资金额的多少b．是否协调他人的工作c·是否组织新的工程d．是否拥有技术技能6·假如比安卡的工作专注在减少白费上，那么她更应该是()治理者。
a·有效率的b．有效果的c．目标导向的d．拥有技术技能的7．效果通常被描述为()。
a．工作活动有助于关心组织实现其目标b．委任尽可能多的责任c．通过自己来治理过程d．通过资金情况来定义一个工程的结果8·()可被理解为正确地做事，()可被理解为一种结果，或者到达组织目标。
a．效果；经济b．效果；效率c．效率；效果d．经济；效率9．方案包括()。
a．指导和鼓舞他人b．适时监控以确保完成任务c．决定某事需要由谁来做d．确定目标、制定策略10．当一个治理者决定需要做什么以及怎么样完成时，他是在()。
a．方案b．组织c．领导d．操纵11．将实际业绩和预先设定的目标进行比照可视为()。
a．方案b．组织c．领导d．操纵12·珍妮弗的上司要求她解释其所属部门的实际开支与公司预算数额不符之处。
在那个地点，上司执行的是()治理职能。
a．方案b．组织c．领导c1．操纵13·在组织成员之间选择最有效的沟通渠道应属于()治理职能。
管理学罗宾斯著试题完整版
管理学罗宾斯著试题 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-第一套《管理学》期末考试试卷（第一套试卷Ａ卷）一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1.西方权变理论学派的代表人物是（）。
A孔茨B西蒙C梅奥D伍德沃德2．管理跨度原则可以理解为（）。
A职位的职权和职责对等一致B领导者所管理的人员数目应当适当C管理人员要求与分工、协作相一致D应当授予管理人员一定的职权3．美国学者梅奥曾经带领一批研究人员进行了有名的霍桑试验，开创了（）的早期研究。
A行为科学学派B管理科学学派C社会系统学派D经验主义学派4.确定合理的管理幅度是进行组织设计的一项重要内容。
关于什么是合理的管理幅度，对于下列四种说法，你最赞同哪一种()。
A管理幅度越窄，越易控制，管理人员的费用也越低。
B管理幅度越宽，组织层次越少，但管理人员的费用会大幅度上升。
C管理幅度应视管理者能力、下属素质、工作性质等因素的不同而定。
D管理幅度的确定并不是对任何组织都普遍重要的问题，无须过多考虑。
5．在计划类型中，按照计划制定者的层次可将计划分为（）。
A战略计划、管理计划、作业计划B指令性计划、指导性计划C综合计划、项目计划D销售计划、生产计划、劳动人事计划、技术改造计划6．在管理控制活动中，有一种控制是用过去的情况来指导现在和将来,这种控制是（）。
A前馈控制B反馈控制C过程控制D间接控制7.根据领导生命周期理论，当下属的成熟度处于成熟阶段应采取的领导方式是：()。
A高关系低工作B命令式C参与式D低工作低关系8当人们认为自己的报酬与劳动之比，与他人的报酬与劳动之比是相等的，这时就会有较大的激励作用，这种理论称为：()。
A、双因素理论B、效用理论C、公平理论D、强化理论8在管理方格图中，团队式管理的方格是处于()。
A 9.1B 9.9C 1.9D 1.110．心理学家马斯洛将人的多种需求概括为五个层次的需要，依次是：（）。
罗宾斯《管理学》第九版题库-4
Chapter 4 Managing in a Global Environment1.In a global marketplace ____________.a.the entire world is a marketplaceb.national borders are irrelevantc.the potential for organizations to grow expands dramaticallyd.all of the above(d; moderate; p. 90; AACSB: Globalizations)2.To succeed in a global marketplace, managers must _____________.a.constantly develop new strategies to maintain their parochial viewsb.c.implement only the best practices of their home countriesd.downplay the effect of the values and customs of other cultures(b; difficult; p. 90; AACSB: Globalizations)3.One reason for parochialism in the United States is that Americans tend to study _____________in school.a.only Englishb.only two languagesc.English and Frenchd.English and Spanish(a; easy; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)4.a.Germans and Italians, unlike other Europeans, only speak their native language.b.Americans tend to study many other languages in school.c.More than 75 percent of all primary school children in China now learn English.d.Americans tend to think of English as the only international business language.(d; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)5.Ethnocentric views concentrate on their _____________.a.home countryb.host countryc.world orientationd.racial orientation(a; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)6.Parochialism is ____________.a.acceptance of diverse points of viewb. a desire to leave one’s own culture for a foreign culturec. a tendency to view the world through a single perspectived.recognition of diverse religious beliefs(c; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)7.a.Americans should continue to push for the use of English only.b.Stick to your own customs to avoid embarrassing incidents.c.Make sure foreign businesspeople know you are American so they will speak to you inEnglish.d.Develop an understanding of multicultural differences.(d; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)8.a.multiculturalb.multicentricc.ethnocentricd.polycentric(c; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)9.Managers with a(n) ___________ attitude view every foreign operation as different and hard tounderstand.a.geocentricb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.transnational(b; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)10.Successful global management requires an attitude that is best described as _____________ .a.ethnocentricb.parochialc.polycentricd.geocentric(d; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)11.A(n) __________ attitude is characterized by parochialism.a.geocentricb.acculturatedc.polylinguisticd.ethnocentric(d; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)12.A(n) _____________ attitude is the view that host-country managers know the best practices forrunning their operations.a.ethnocentricb.polycentricc.geocentricd.international(b; easy; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)13.The geocentric attitude is a _____________ view.a.nationalisticb.world-orientedc.culture-boundd.franchise-based(b; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)14.Successful _____________ management requires enhanced sensitivity to differences in nationalcustoms and practices.a.ethnocentricb.polycentricc.globald.parochial(c; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT15.The _____________ was created by the unification of 12 countries in Europe.a.European Common Marketb.European Unionc.Western European Allianced.Trans-European Market (TEM)(b; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)16.The principle reason for the formation of a regional trading alliance in Europe was to reassertmembers’ economic positions against the strength of the United States and _________.a.Canadab.Mexicoc.Japand.Russia(c; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)17.The European Union covers ______________.a.border controls, taxes, and subsidiesb.nationalistic policies and travelc.employment, investment, and traded.all of the above(d; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)18.The _____________ is a collection of countries that use a common currency.a.European Common Marketb.European Unionc.Western European Allianced.Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)(d; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)19.The single EU currency is called the ____________.a.francb.franc-markc.poundd.euro(d; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)20.The European Union currently consists of ___________.a.12 countriesb.15 countriesc.10 countriesd.25 countries(d; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)21.a.Icelandb.Irelandc.Cyprusd.Slovenia(a; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)22._______ is expected to join the European Union in 2007.a.Hungaryb.Estoniac.Romaniad.Turkey(c; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)23.The executive body of the EU, based in Brussels, is known as the ________.a.Maastricht Officeb.FTAAc.Euro Protectorated.European Commission(a; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)24.Among the member countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement, trade has___________ since the treaty was signed.a.decreased initially, but increased steadilyb.increasedc.decreasedd.increased in commodities, but decreased in manufactured goods(b; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)25.The North American Free Trade Agreement includes _________________.a.Mexico, Canada, and the United Statesb.Canada, Mexico, and Brazilc.the United States, Canada, and Hondurasd.Columbia, Mexico, and the United Sates(a; easy; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)26.a.It increased imports from Mexico by 106 percent.b.It eliminated duties on imports from Venezuela.c.It increased exports to Canada by 62 percent.d.It increased trade with the European Union.(a; easy; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)27.a.NAFTAb.FTAAc.Mercosurd.ASEAN(b; difficult; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)28.The North American Free Trade Agreement eliminated all of the following except________________.a.the need for import licensingb.tariffs on traded commoditiesc.customs user feesd.China’s role as a U.S. trading partner(a; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)29.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations includes ________________.a.the members of the European Union and Indiab.the members of NAFTA and CAFTAc. a membership of 10 Southeast Asian nationsd.none of the above(c; moderate; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)30.Each of the following is a member of ASEAN except ________________.a.Bruneib.Singaporeosd.Japan(d; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)31.a.46b.53c.62d.67(b; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)32.a.EUb.SAARCc.AUd.ASEAN(b; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)33.a.GATTb.Mercosurc.UNIDIRd.Marshall Plan(a; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)34.a.public protestsb.economic sanctionsc.trade agreementsd.peace treaties(c; moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)35.The goal of the World Trade Organization is to ___C_____.a.help develop environmental policyb.help regulate international marketsc.help businesses conduct their businessd.help reduce conflicts between nationsc moderate; p. 96; AACSB: Globalizations)DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLY36.a.the fifteenth centuryb.the seventeenth centuryc.the nineteenth centuryd.the twentieth century(c; difficult; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)37.a.mid-1960sb.mid-1970sc.1945d.mid-1980s(a; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)38.Multidomestic corporations are known for _______________.a.ethnocentric attitudesb.polycentric attitudesc.multicentric attitudesd.having their holdings in one country(b; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)39.a.borderless organizationb.global companyc.multidomestic corporationd.transnational organization(c; moderate; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)40.Multidomestic corporations _________________.a.maintain operations in multiple counties, but do not allow managers in eachcountry to make their own decisionsb.utilize ethnocentric attitudes in financial decisions, but favor polycentric views inhuman resources issuesc.utilize decentralization to make decisions in management in local countriesd.follow the tastes, preferences, and values of the home country(c; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)41.When an organization drops its structure based on countries and reorganizes according toindustries, it is pursuing a global organizational operation known as ___________.a.ethnocentrismb.polycentrismc.borderless organizationd.multinational organization(c; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)42.Transnational organizations are also known as ________.a.ethnocentric organizationsb.polycentric organizationsc.borderless organizationsd.multidomestic organization(c; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)43.Transnational organizations are focused on _________________.a.increasing efficiencyb.developing INVsc.reinforcing structural divisionsd.all of the above(a; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)44.a.international new ventureb.global companyc.born globald.joint economic market(c; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)45.a. a company that maintains operations in multiple countriesb. a company that maintains franchises in multiple countriesc. a company that has multiple home bases and manufacturing plantsd. a company that pays corporate taxes in at least two countries(a; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)46.a.Multidomestic corporations typically do business with more countries than global companiesdo.b.Multidomestic corporations are run by global companies but must be owned by a local,national company.c.Multidomestic corporations decentralize management to the local country, whileglobal companies centralize management in the home country.d.Multidomestic corporations pay more in taxes than global companies do.(c; difficult; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)47.a.Decision making takes place at the local level.b.Nationals are typically hired to run operations in each country.c.Marketing strategies are tailored to each country’s culture.d.Products are manufactured only in the local country.(d; easy; pp. 97-98; AACSB: Globalizations)48.a.multidomestic corporationb.transnational organizationc.global companyd.regional organization(b; difficult; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)HOW ORGANIZATIONS GO GLOBAL49.a.licensingb.franchisingc.global sourcingd.strategic alliance(c; easy; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)50.In an attempt to be more aggressive, a company might export and import more. These stepsusually require ____________.a.minimal investment and minimal riskb.conducting business in a polycentric mannerc.the establishment of strategic alliancesd.abnormal operations for a geocentric organization(a; easy; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)51.Franchising is primarily used by ________________.a.political organizationsb.manufacturing organizationsc.service organizationsd.legal organizations(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)52.In the later stages of doing business globally, if an organization is ready to make a more directinvestment, it might utilize ______________.a.foreign subsidiariesb.strategic alliancesc.joint venturesd.all of the above(d; moderate; pp. 99-100; AACSB: Globalizations)53.An international company is most likely to develop foreign subsidiaries _______________.a.before it develops licensing agreementsb.before it develops franchising agreementsc.before it begins importing and exportingd.after it establishes strategic alliances(d; moderate; p. 100; AACSB: Globalizations)54.The process of making products domestically and selling them abroad is known as ________.a.exportingb.importingc.franchisingd.joint ventures(a; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)55.a.exporting its products to other countriesb.cross-culturally training its managersc.establishing strategic alliances with partnersd.licensing another firm to use its brand name(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)56.Joint ventures are a type of ____________.a.licenseb.franchisec.foreign subsidiaryd.strategic alliance(d; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)57.Foreign subsidiaries are usually managed ______________.a.through local control onlyb.through centralized control onlyc.through local or centralized controld.none of the above(c; easy; p. 100; AACSB: Globalizations)58.A domestic firm and a foreign firm sharing the cost of developing new products or buildingproduction facilities in a foreign country is called a ____________.a.franchising agreementb.joint venturec.foreign subsidiaryd.brokering agreement(b; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)59.a.cross-cultural training of the company’s managersb.sending domestic employees on regular foreign business tripsc.hiring foreign brokers to represent the organization’s product lined.creating a joint venture with suppliers around the globe(d; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)60._____________ present(s) the greatest risk to an organization going international.a.Joint venturesb.Strategic alliancesc.Licensingd.Foreign subsidiaries(d; difficult; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT61.a.legal environmentb.economic environmentc.cultural environmentd.religious environment(d; difficult; pp. 101-103; AACSB: Globalizations)62.From an economic standpoint, a threat to the global manager is _________________.a.widely fluctuating inflation rates in foreign countriesb.marginal revenues exceeding marginal costsc. a stable exchange rate between currencies in various countriesd.all of the above(a; moderate; p. 102; AACSB: Globalizations)pared to many other countries, the U.S. legal–political environment is considered____________.a.radicalb.stablec.unstabled.fixed(b; moderate; p. 101; AACSB: Globalizations)pared to many other countries, changes to the U.S. legal–political environment areconsidered ___________.a.very fast and effectiveb.fast, but not efficientc.radicald.slow(d; moderate; p. 101; AACSB: Globalizations)65.The reason that a nation’s cultural differences are the most difficult to gain information about isbecause __________________.a.people tend to be sensitive about their own cultureb.providing this information to foreign organizations reduces a competitive business advantagec.there is little written on the issued.“natives” are least capable of explaining the unique characteristics of their ownculture(d; difficult; p. 104; AACSB: Globalizations)66.ton Friedmanb.Michael Porterc.Geert Hofsteded.Abraham Maslow(c; moderate; p. 104; AACSB: Globalizations)67._____________ is a cultural dimension in which people expect others in their group to look afterthem and protect them when they are in trouble.a.Power distanceb.Collectivismc.Achievementd.Uncertainty avoidance(b; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)68.a.Society accepts narrow differences in organizations.b.Title carries little power, but status power is high.c.There is little respect for those in authority.d.Titles, rank, and status carry a lot of weight.(d; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)69.a.fiveb.sixc.nined.twelve(c; moderate; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)70._____________ is a cultural measure of the degree to which people will tolerate risk andunconventional behavior.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Achievementd.Nurturing(b; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)71.a.high power distanceb.low power distancec.high uncertainty avoidanced.low uncertainty avoidance(c; easy; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)72.In a society with a highly ______________ culture, strong value is placed on relationships andconcern for others.a.collectivistb.achievement-orientedc.nurturingd.uncertainty avoidant(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)73._____________ is a national culture attribute describing the extent to which societal values arecharacterized by assertiveness and materialism.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Achievement orientationd.Long-term orientation(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)74._____________ is a national culture attribute that places a high value on future occurrences.a.Power distanceb.Uncertainty avoidancec.Long-term orientationd.Leisure orientation(c; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)75.a.Singapore and Swedenb.Australia and Englandc.France and Greeced.United States and V enezuela(b; easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)76.a.Greeceb.Swedenc.Canadad.England(a; easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)77.a.future orientationb.humane orientationc.gender differentiationd.uncertainty avoidance(c easy; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)SCENARIOS AND QUESTIONSFor each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.First Visit Abroad (Scenario)Bill Sanderson is halfway over the Atlantic and is excited about his first European business trip. Bill is confident about this trip but is somewhat concerned about the strange habits and foreign languages he will encounter. “If only they would just speak English like everyone else!” Bill thinks.78.a.nondiversityb.discriminationc.parochialismd.monolingualism(c; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)79.If Bill is to become successful as a global manager, he must _______________.a.attempt to change other cultures to American waysb.learn and accept other culturespete internationally but remain in the United Statesd.learn to manipulate other business cultures(b; moderate; p. 93; AACSB: Globalizations)Cultural Training (Scenario)Jane wants to expand her career opportunities in international operations of a company. She is 19 years old and currently attends a university. She has only lived in her current country and has never traveled to foreign countries.80.Jane decides to enroll in a foreign language class to help her overcome her ______________.a.parochialismb.ethnocentric attitudec.monolingualismd.polycentric attitudes(c; moderate; p. 91; AACSB: Globalizations)81.In talking with her advisor at the university, Jane decides she probably has a(n)__________ attitude, as she has never traveled abroad and only relates well to people from her home country.a.culturally focusedb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.geocentric(c; moderate; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)82.Jane becomes involved with an international student association to give her experiences that willallow her to understand the views of students from other countries. She is trying to become more _________ in her attitude.a.parochialisticb.polycentricc.ethnocentricd.geocentric(d; difficult; p. 92; AACSB: Globalizations)UNDERSTANDING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTA Foreign Alliance Talk (Scenario)As manager of the international department for your company, you have been asked by the local Chamber of Commerce to deliver a speech on foreign trade. The Chamber president even goes so far as to say “and be sure to include the EU, NAFTA, and all that stuff because we’re afraid that Ross Perot is right—all the good jobs will leave the United States.” As you pour over your notes, you try t o choose the best information to present in the allotted half hour.83.You plan to explain during your talk that the acronyms EU, NAFTA, FTAA, and ASEAN refer to________________.a.regional trade alliancesb.foreign airlinesc.soccer teams in Europed.new multinational corporations(a; difficult; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)84.One of the hottest topics of your talk will be NAFTA. One of the points that you emphasize is that______________.a.the United States has definitely come out the worst of the three nationsb.Canada is profiting the most in this arrangementc.the expansion of NAFTA has benefited North America’s competitiveness andeconomic powerd.U.S. high-tech companies, such as computer manufacturers, have been hit hard by theNAFTA provisions(c; difficult; p. 95; AACSB: Globalizations)85.You will also give participants a likely view of the future of the EU, which suggests that_______________.a.it will likely disband by the year 2010b.it is expected to merge with NAFTA by 2020c.Bulgaria will probably join in 2007d.Cuba has applied to join the EU(c; moderate; p. 94; AACSB: Globalizations)DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLYBusiness Expansion Plan (Scenario)As a business expansion director, Shana’s goal is to scout out potential locations and basically provide input on how her company should proceed with its planned expansion to Europe. There are many options, including maintaining the business’s head office in the United States and sending over company representatives when necessary or establishing separate operations facilities abroad and hiring locals as managers.86.If Shana’s company decides to open another company in France but maintain its management inthe United States, it would be considered _________________.a. a transnational corporationb. a global companyc. a regional trade allianced. a multidomestic corporation(b; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)87.If Shana’s company decides to open a completely new operation in Germany, tailoring thecompany to local customs and marketing strategies and hiring local managers, they would be considered _______________.a. a transnational corporationb. a global companyc. a regional trade allianced. a multidomestic corporation(d; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)88.If Shana’s company eliminates country-designated locations and reorganizes based on industrygroups, it would best be considered a __________________.a.borderless organizationb.strategic partnershipc.global business allianced.multidomestic corporation(a; moderate; p. 98; AACSB: Globalizations)89.One section of Shana’s company’s business plan involves strategic alliances and joint ventures.This section is most likely focused on the _________ phase of the company’s global business expansion.a.legalb.middlec.finald.preliminary(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)The European Expansion (Scenario)You have been hired by a company to look at the ways to best move the company into the European market, but you have to first determine what kind of company you are dealing with.90.If the company that has hired you is primarily used by manufacturing organizations, itis a ___________.a.licensing companyb.franchising companyc.strategic allianced.joint venture(a; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)123.If the company that has hired you is really a partnership between an organization and a foreign company, in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products, then it is a _______________.a.licensing companyb.franchising companyc.strategic allianced.joint venture(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)Software Entrepreneurial Venture (Scenario)Theodore and James have formed an entrepreneurial venture to develop software for banks and other financial institutions. Their company is growing, but in looking for opportunities in the future, they decide to explore international operations.124.The international operations in their firm continue to grow. Theodore and James have come to see that decentralized management using foreign nationals to run operations in the host countries works well. Their firm has developed into a(n) ____________ organization.a.transnationalb.multidomesticc.borderlessd.franchise(b; moderate; p. 97; AACSB: Globalizations)125.A new and exciting opportunity has appeared that enables Theodore and James to form a joint venture with an insurance company in Japan. This will move their firm into the global role of an organization with a(n) ______________.a.minimized level of business riskb.indirect international investmentc.direct international investmentd.independent foreign subsidiary(c; moderate; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)126.Theodore and James decide to allow a firm in Europe to use the rights to their software, its brand name, and software specifications in return for a lump-sum payment. The firm is a service organization that plans to use the software to assist its customers. This agreement is known as a ________________.a.strategic allianceb.licensing agreementc.franchised.foreign subsidiary(c; difficult; p. 99; AACSB: Globalizations)MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTA Different View (Scenario)127.John found out that, compared to managers in many other countries, U.S. managers are accustomed to legal and political systems that are ____________.a.stableb.fixedc.neutrald.unaffiliated(a; easy; p. 101; AACSB: Globalizations)128.John found out that wealthier nations, such as the United States, tend to ______________.a.have high uncertainty avoidanceb.be individualisticc.be collectivistd.have large power distance(b; moderate; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)129.John also found out that in some countries, such as Venezuela, titles, rank, and status carry a lot of weight. These countries have a large _________________ cultures.a.uncertainty avoidanceb.nurturingc.collectivistd.power distance(d; moderate; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)130.John knew that he did not want to manage in a country where the people have high anxiety, nervousness, and stress. He will, therefore, try to avoid countries characterized as having high _______________.a.uncertainty avoidanceb.achievement orientationc.future orientationd.power distance(a; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)The Overseas Assignment (Scenario)Christopher has a degree in business administration and has worked for a major corporation for 5 years. He is offered a chance to work in another country.131.Through research on the Internet, Christopher finds that in this country’s social framework, people are expected to look after others in their family (or organization) and protect them when they are in trouble. This society tends to support ______________.a.collectivismb.parochialismc.individualismd.monotheism(a; moderate; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)132.This new country’s people are favorably influenced by Christopher’s job title, and the status given by his experience of having worked in the home office for 5 years. This country has a large _______________.a.interest in attracting foreign executivesb.sense of uncertainty avoidancec.uncertainty avoidanced.power distance(d; difficult; p. 105; AACSB: Globalizations)133.Through talking to executives in the international division, Christopher realizes that his home country has the highest individualism, low power distance and uncertainty avoidance, and a strong achievement orientation. He probably lives in _____________.a.Great Britainb.Japanc.the United Statesd.Canada(c; difficult; p. 106; AACSB: Globalizations)。
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管理学罗宾斯著试题 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-第一套《管理学》期末考试试卷（第一套试卷Ａ卷）一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1.西方权变理论学派的代表人物是（）。
A孔茨B西蒙C梅奥D伍德沃德2．管理跨度原则可以理解为（）。
A职位的职权和职责对等一致B领导者所管理的人员数目应当适当C管理人员要求与分工、协作相一致D应当授予管理人员一定的职权3．美国学者梅奥曾经带领一批研究人员进行了有名的霍桑试验，开创了（）的早期研究。
A行为科学学派B管理科学学派C社会系统学派D经验主义学派4.确定合理的管理幅度是进行组织设计的一项重要内容。
关于什么是合理的管理幅度，对于下列四种说法，你最赞同哪一种()。
A管理幅度越窄，越易控制，管理人员的费用也越低。
B管理幅度越宽，组织层次越少，但管理人员的费用会大幅度上升。
C管理幅度应视管理者能力、下属素质、工作性质等因素的不同而定。
D管理幅度的确定并不是对任何组织都普遍重要的问题，无须过多考虑。
5．在计划类型中，按照计划制定者的层次可将计划分为（）。
A战略计划、管理计划、作业计划B指令性计划、指导性计划C综合计划、项目计划D销售计划、生产计划、劳动人事计划、技术改造计划6．在管理控制活动中，有一种控制是用过去的情况来指导现在和将来,这种控制是（）。
A前馈控制B反馈控制C过程控制D间接控制7.根据领导生命周期理论，当下属的成熟度处于成熟阶段应采取的领导方式是：()。
A高关系低工作B命令式C参与式D低工作低关系8当人们认为自己的报酬与劳动之比，与他人的报酬与劳动之比是相等的，这时就会有较大的激励作用，这种理论称为：()。
A、双因素理论B、效用理论C、公平理论D、强化理论8在管理方格图中，团队式管理的方格是处于()。
A 9.1B 9.9C 1.9D 1.110．心理学家马斯洛将人的多种需求概括为五个层次的需要，依次是：（）。
A社交的需要、尊重需要、安全需要、生理需要、自我实现需要B生理需要、安全需要、尊重需要、社交的需要、自我实现需要C生理需要、安全需要、社交的需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要D生理需要、社交的需要、安全需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要二、多项选择题（每题?2分，共12分）1.领导者在建立和健全科学决策支持系统时，主要应注意建立（）。
A信息系统B咨询系统C决策系统D组织系统E执行系统F反馈系统2.现代管理的主要职能包括（）。
A计划职能B组织职能C创新职能D控制职能E激励职能F领导职能G协调职能3．能体现我国朴素的辩证思想的理论有（）。
A物极必反B以逸待劳C将欲弱之，必固强之D知己知彼，百战不殆E治国之道，务在举贤4.勒温的领导作风理论提出了三种极端的领导工作作风，即（）。
A专制作风B集权作风C仁慈作风D民主作风E放任自流作风F权变作风5.企业文化的结构大致可以分为以下几个层次：（）。
A目标层B哲学层C精神层D道德层E制度层F器物层6.管理思想发展史的第三阶段为中期的管理思想，主要代表人物（）。
A梅奥B法约尔C巴纳德D伯法E卡斯特四、简答题（每题?5分，共40分）控制过程一般有哪些步骤？什么是人际关系平衡其种类有哪些管理思想的发展可分成几个阶段？何谓组织生命周期理论？为什么说管理学既是科学又是艺术？双因素理论的主要内容是什么？费德勒模型的主要内容是什么？现代计划方法主要有哪些？五、论述题（每题?10分，共20分）为什么强调正激与负激相结合，但应以正激为主？试举例说明。
评述您学过的领导理论，谈谈管理学中的领导理论对提高领导艺术的作用。
【答案】一、单项选择题１．Ｄ２．Ｂ３．Ａ４．Ｃ５．Ａ６．Ｂ７．Ｄ８．Ｃ９．Ｂ１０．Ｃ二、多项选择题１．ＡＢＣＥＦ２．ＡＢＤＥＦＧ３．ＡＢＣＤ４．ＡＤＥ５．ＣＥＦ６．ＡＣ四、简答题答：①限定子系统的范围。
②识别所要测量的特性。
③订立标准。
④收集数据。
⑤衡量绩效。
⑥诊断与更正。
（答对５条给满分。
）答：所谓人际关系平衡是指交往双方的需要和这种需要的满足程度以及人际吸引的程度保持平衡。
（２分）种类有：自觉平衡，主动平衡，消极平衡。
（３分）答：第一阶段，早期的管理思想。
第二阶段，古典的管理思想。
以泰勒、法约尔等人的思想为代表。
第三阶段，中期的管理思想。
以梅奥与巴纳德等人的思想为代表。
第四阶段，现代管理思想。
答：组织象任何有机体一样有其生命周期。
格林纳认为一个组织的成长大致可分为创业、聚合、规范化、成熟、再发展或衰退五个阶段。
每阶段的组织结构、领导方式、管理体制和职工心态都有其特点。
答：管理学是一门科学，这是因为它具有科学的特点，如客观性，实践性，理论系统性，真理性，发展性，是一种反映客观规律的综合的知识体系。
管理学又是一门艺术，是因为艺术的含义是指能够熟练地运用知识，并且通过巧妙的技能来达到某种效果。
而有效的管理活动正需要如此。
答：双因素理论由赫兹伯格首先提出。
他认为，使职工感到不满意的因素（保健因素）往往由外界环境引起，如，公司政策、行为管理和监督方式、工作条件、人际关系、地位、安全等，使职工感到满意的因素通常是由工作本身产生的（激励因素），如，工作富有成就感、工作成绩能得到认可、工作本身具有挑战性、负有较大的责任等。
答：费德勒提出了有效领导的权遍模型，他认为任何领导形态均可能有效，其有效性完全取决于所处的环境是否适应。
影响领导形态有效性的环境因素有：领导者和下级的关系，职位权力，任务结构。
费德勒以一种被称为“你最不喜欢的同事”（ＬＰＣ）的问卷调查来反映和测定领导者的领导风格。
答；①滚动计划法②网络分析技术③线性规划方法④投入产出法⑤计量经济学方法五、论述题１．答：所谓正激就是对职工的符合组织目标的期望行为进行奖励，以使得这种行为更多的出现，即职工积极性更高；（２分）所谓负激就是对职工的违背组织目的的非期望行为进行惩罚，以使得这种行为不再发生，积极性向正确方向转移。
（２分）正激和负激都是必要而有效的，不仅作用于当事人，而且会间接地影响周围其他人。
（１分）但鉴于负激具有一定的消极作用，容易产生挫折心理和挫折行为，应该慎用。
因此，领导者在激励时因该把正激与负激巧妙地结合起来，而坚持以正激为主，负激为辅。
（３分）举例参考：领导者应该把严格管理和思想工作相结合。
（２分）２．答：（1）领导理论的主要内容包括：领导特质理论、领导行为理论和领导权变理论。
（３分）（3）领导行为理论包括：包括勒温的三种极端理论、连续统一体理论、管理系统理论领导行为四分图、管理方格理论等。
（２分）（4）领导的权变理论：包括费德勒模型，领导生命周期模型和途径-目标理论。
这些理论分别从不同的方面来论述领导的有效性和相关情境的关系。
（２分）（5）总之，领导理论从领导应具备的素质、可供选择的领导形态以及在不同情境下合适的领导形态等方面进行了科学的总结。
这些领导理论，是一种反映了客观规律的综合的知识体系。
反映了领导活动中的规律性，具有科学性，而艺术的含义是能够熟练地运用知识，并通过巧妙的运用来达到某种效果。
所以，领导理论为指导管理者的素质培养和管理行为的选择提供了基本素材，是提高领导艺术性的基础。
（3分）第二套一、单选题（每小题3分，共18分）1.管理的核心是( D )A.决策B.领导C.激励D.处理好人际关系2.霍桑实验的结论中对职工的定性是（B）A．经济人B．社会人C．自我实现人D．复杂人3.古典管理理论阶段的代表性理论是( A )A.科学管理理论B行政组织理论C.行为科学理论D.权变理论4.直线型组织结构一般只适用于（B）A．需要按职能专业化管理的小型组织B．没有必要按职能实现专业化管理的小型组织C．需要按职能专业化管理的中型组织D．需要按职能专业化管理的大型组织5.双因素理论中的双因素指的是（D）A.人和物的因素B.信息与环境C.自然因素和社会因素D.保健因素与激励因素6.专业化管理程度高,但部门之间协调性比较差,并存在多头领导现象.这是哪类组织结构类型的特点（B）A.直线制B.职能制C直线职能制D.事业部制E.矩阵制二、判断题（每小题2分，共20分）1.权变理论是基于自我实现人假设提出来的. (×)2.需求层次论是激励理论的基础理论。
( √ )3.决策最终选择的一般只是满意方案，而不是最优方案。
( √ )4.管理幅度是指一个管理者直接指挥下级的数目.管理幅度应该适当才能进行有效的管理. ( √ )5.冲突对组织都是有害的,冲突管理就是要尽可能减少或消除冲突. (×)6.管理的效益原理认为:管理工作都应该力图以最小的投入和消耗,获取最大的收益. ( √ )7.最小后悔值决策方法中的后悔值就是机会损失值. ( √ )8.公平理论认为一个人的公平感觉取决于其每次的投入与报酬之间是否对等. (×)9.高语境文化中的人们更加倾向于坦率的和直接的交流方式(×)10. “胡萝卜加大棒”是泰勒制的管理信条。
( √ )三、多选题（每小题5分，共30分）1.管理的二重性是指管理的( AD )A.自然属性B.艺术性C.科学性D.社会属性E.实践性2.管理的主要职能包括( ABEF )A.计划B.组织C.指挥D.协调E.领导F.控制3.管理的主要技能包括( ACD )A.人际B.诊断C.概念D.技术4.电子会议决策方法的主要优点有( ACD )A.诚实B.先进C.匿名D.高效5.目标管理的特点包括有( ACD )A.以目标我中心B.严格监督C.自我参与D自我控制6.控制工作的基本工作内容包括（ABC )A.确定控制标准B.衡量工作绩效C.纠正工作偏差四、简答题（每小题16分，共32分）1、现代管理理论的发展趋势是怎样的？答：现代管理理论的发展趋势，现简述如下：(1）、战略管理步入了新的发展阶段；（2）、人本管理的思想得到极大的丰富的发展；（3）、组织的变更具革命性；（4）、管理信息化成为企业和社会普遍追求的目标；（5）、知识管理将成为新时代管理的焦点。
2、如何理解人本原理如何实现以人为中心的管理答：管理作为一种社会活动，是以人为本来进行的。
人是管理中最活跃的因素，人既是管理的主体，又是管理的客体，人的积极性和创造性的充分发挥，是现代管理活动成功的保证。
因此，一切管理工作均应以调动人的积极性、做好人的工作为根本。
这就是现管理的人本原理。
人是管理的中心，人是管理的目的，民主管理是实现“以人为中心”管理的最佳途径，它是以民主集中制的形式出现的，具体做法为：先民主，再集中。
（1）创造条件让职工通过正常的渠道，对本单位的管理活动提出合理化的建议，参加组织决策；（2）让员工参加管理工作；（3）职工监督管理机构和按理说者。
它可以发挥领导者的作用与被管理工作者的积极参与结合起来。