介绍新加坡的(英文)解读 PPT
合集下载
最新新加坡的简介英文版课件PPT
示Singpore是一个新成立 的国家。五颗星代表国家 五大的理想:“民主、和平、 进步、正義与平等。”
新加坡的国花叫卓锦·万代兰,它有一个姣美的唇片和五个花 瓣,象征新加坡四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语
四种语言的平等。
• The national flower of Singapore called Zhuo Jin, Vanda, it has a beautiful lip piece and five petals, symbolizes the Singapore four big national and Malay, English, Mandarin and Tamil languages four equality.
新加坡的简介英文版
国家简介(National introduction )
Singapore is the world's
most affluent countries in
the world, and it's famous
for stabilize the political
situation, clean-fingered
This is Singapore's Chinatown , it is a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occupy . In China Town, many alley walk , you will see the craftsmen in the production of a variety of crafts , you can understand the Chinese traditional arts , such as Chinese calligraphy , carving , puppets , statues and incense production . At the same time , a superb collection of beautiful things of goods in the shops , from the old wooden clogs to modern CD Walkman , have everything that one expects to find
新加坡的国花叫卓锦·万代兰,它有一个姣美的唇片和五个花 瓣,象征新加坡四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语
四种语言的平等。
• The national flower of Singapore called Zhuo Jin, Vanda, it has a beautiful lip piece and five petals, symbolizes the Singapore four big national and Malay, English, Mandarin and Tamil languages four equality.
新加坡的简介英文版
国家简介(National introduction )
Singapore is the world's
most affluent countries in
the world, and it's famous
for stabilize the political
situation, clean-fingered
This is Singapore's Chinatown , it is a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occupy . In China Town, many alley walk , you will see the craftsmen in the production of a variety of crafts , you can understand the Chinese traditional arts , such as Chinese calligraphy , carving , puppets , statues and incense production . At the same time , a superb collection of beautiful things of goods in the shops , from the old wooden clogs to modern CD Walkman , have everything that one expects to find
新加坡英语介绍篇PPT课件
.
11
第二讲 经济发展 主讲人:
economic development
.
12
1,ECONOMY
singapore is a developed country in Asia.It is regarded as one of the fuer Asian tagers.
.
13
2, Singgapore is in New
Yourk ,London,and HonKong after the fourth largest international financial centre .Is also one of the important services and shipping center in Asia.
.
14
3,
Singapore is one of the ASEAN,Is also
one of the WTO and the Asia Pacific
econornic coopertion organization (APEC)
singapore in southeast Asia important
.
18
3 ,Holiday
.
19
August 9 is Singapore's National Day.Which commemorates the day of the in 1965.The day of the national people's get together,with spectacular parade,collective dance,and large fire works to celebrate the day.We can though the media TV to watch the day's celebrations.
新加坡英文相关PPT介绍
Mark Jacobson
writer and journalist Mark Jacobson is a writer and journalist based in Brooklyn, New York. He is known for his explorations of the seamy side of urban life, both here and abroad, and for his offbeat and witty take on popular culture. Mark is a Contributing Editor at New York Magazine and a frequent contributor to The Village Voice, National Geographic, Natural History Magazine, Men's Journal, and other publications.
Early life Jacobson graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and achieved recognition in New York City whilst writing for the Village Voice in the 1970s, most particularly for a lurid account of life in the Chinatown Ghost Shadows gang.
Work His books include the cult favorite Godzilla epic Gojiro; the autobiographical Jacobson family travel saga co-authored with daughter Rae Jacobson 12,000 Miles in the Nick of Time - a Semi-Dysfunctional Family Circumnavigates the Globe; a novel "Everyone and No One"; a collection of previously published pieces "Teenage Hipster in the Modern World..." includes the Ghost Shadows Village Voice articles; "The KGB Bar Nonfiction Reader"; the critically acclaimed but largely ignored compendium American Monsters which was published in 2004 and co-edited with Jacobson's close friend Jack Newfield, and the newly reissued compilation American Gangster containing the New York magazine piece "The Return of Superfly", the basis for a 2007 film starring Denzel Washington. Jacobson wrote the screenplay basis for Love Ranch, a dramatization of the murder of prizefighter Oscar Bonavena at the Mustang Ranch in Nevada in May, 1976. The troubled film was delayed by an early production company bankruptcy and was eventually produced during a writer's strike in 2009 which disengaged Jacobson from full control of subsequent script revisions. The film was finally released in 2010; directed by Taylor Hackford, starring Helen Mirren and Joe Pesci. Jacobson's non-fiction reflection on man's inhumanity to man "The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans," based on the discovery of a lampshade made of human skin purported to be a Nazi souvenir uncovered in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was published by Simon and Schuster in 2010. Jacobson was awarded the 2001 Humanitas Prize for his screenplay work on The Believer. He is currently a contributing Editor at New York Magazine and a frequent contributor to The Village Voice, National Geographic, Natural History Magazine, Men's Journal as well as other publications.
writer and journalist Mark Jacobson is a writer and journalist based in Brooklyn, New York. He is known for his explorations of the seamy side of urban life, both here and abroad, and for his offbeat and witty take on popular culture. Mark is a Contributing Editor at New York Magazine and a frequent contributor to The Village Voice, National Geographic, Natural History Magazine, Men's Journal, and other publications.
Early life Jacobson graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, and achieved recognition in New York City whilst writing for the Village Voice in the 1970s, most particularly for a lurid account of life in the Chinatown Ghost Shadows gang.
Work His books include the cult favorite Godzilla epic Gojiro; the autobiographical Jacobson family travel saga co-authored with daughter Rae Jacobson 12,000 Miles in the Nick of Time - a Semi-Dysfunctional Family Circumnavigates the Globe; a novel "Everyone and No One"; a collection of previously published pieces "Teenage Hipster in the Modern World..." includes the Ghost Shadows Village Voice articles; "The KGB Bar Nonfiction Reader"; the critically acclaimed but largely ignored compendium American Monsters which was published in 2004 and co-edited with Jacobson's close friend Jack Newfield, and the newly reissued compilation American Gangster containing the New York magazine piece "The Return of Superfly", the basis for a 2007 film starring Denzel Washington. Jacobson wrote the screenplay basis for Love Ranch, a dramatization of the murder of prizefighter Oscar Bonavena at the Mustang Ranch in Nevada in May, 1976. The troubled film was delayed by an early production company bankruptcy and was eventually produced during a writer's strike in 2009 which disengaged Jacobson from full control of subsequent script revisions. The film was finally released in 2010; directed by Taylor Hackford, starring Helen Mirren and Joe Pesci. Jacobson's non-fiction reflection on man's inhumanity to man "The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans," based on the discovery of a lampshade made of human skin purported to be a Nazi souvenir uncovered in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was published by Simon and Schuster in 2010. Jacobson was awarded the 2001 Humanitas Prize for his screenplay work on The Believer. He is currently a contributing Editor at New York Magazine and a frequent contributor to The Village Voice, National Geographic, Natural History Magazine, Men's Journal as well as other publications.
singapore ppt新加坡政府及体质英文介绍
Government and politics of Singapore
Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing constituencies. Its constitution establishes representative democracy as its political system.Freedom House ranks Singapore as "partly free" in its Freedom in the World report, and The Economist ranks Singapore as a "hybrid regime", the third rank out of four, in its "Democracy Index". Singapore is consistently rated one of the least corrupt countries in the world by Transparency International.
Singapore's Parliament House
Interior of Singapore's Parliament House
The legal system of Singapore is based on English common law, albeit with substantial local differences. Trial by jury was entirely abolished in 1970 leaving judicial assessment performed wholly by judgeship. Singapore has penalties that include judicial corporal punishment in the form of caning for rape, rioting, vandalism, and some immigration offences.There is a mandatory death penalty for murder, and for certain drug-trafficking and firearms offences. Amnesty International has said that some legal provisions conflict with the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and that Singapore has “possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population”.The government has disputed Amnesty‘s claims. In a 2008 survey, international business executives believed Singapore, along with Hong Kong, had the best judicial system in Asia.
Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing constituencies. Its constitution establishes representative democracy as its political system.Freedom House ranks Singapore as "partly free" in its Freedom in the World report, and The Economist ranks Singapore as a "hybrid regime", the third rank out of four, in its "Democracy Index". Singapore is consistently rated one of the least corrupt countries in the world by Transparency International.
Singapore's Parliament House
Interior of Singapore's Parliament House
The legal system of Singapore is based on English common law, albeit with substantial local differences. Trial by jury was entirely abolished in 1970 leaving judicial assessment performed wholly by judgeship. Singapore has penalties that include judicial corporal punishment in the form of caning for rape, rioting, vandalism, and some immigration offences.There is a mandatory death penalty for murder, and for certain drug-trafficking and firearms offences. Amnesty International has said that some legal provisions conflict with the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and that Singapore has “possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population”.The government has disputed Amnesty‘s claims. In a 2008 survey, international business executives believed Singapore, along with Hong Kong, had the best judicial system in Asia.
介绍新加坡的PPT(英文)
• The British provided the next notable chapter in the Singapore story. During the 18th century, they saw the need for a strategic "halfway house" to refit, feed and protect the fleet of their growing empire, as well as to forestall any advances by the Dutch in the region. • By 1824, just five years after the founding of modern Singapore, the population had grown from a mere 150 to 10,000. • In 1832, Singapore became the centre of government for the Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca and Singapore.
Singapore zoological gardens(新加坡动物园) Mandai orchid gardens ( 万里胡姬花公园) Mount faber(花柏山 ) Sentosa 圣淘沙岛 Merlion(鱼尾狮 )
If there is one word that best captures Singapore, it is “unique”. A dynamic city rich in contrast and color, you'll find a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture here. Brimming with unbridled energy, this little dynamo in Southeast Asia embodies the finest of both East and West.
Singapore 新加坡 英语ppt
Total population: 5180,000
TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION
1. Peak periods impose urban congestion charges 2. The high price of owning a car
3. Untouchable electronic eye + strict control& heavy penalty
ONWARD SINGAPORE!
Mari kita rakyat Singapura Sama-sama menuju bahagia Cita-cita kita yang mulia Berjaya Singapura。 Marilah kita bersatu Dengan semangat yang baru Semua kita berseru Majulah Singapura Majulah Singapura! Marilah kita bersatu Dengan semangat yang baru Semua kita berseru Majulah Singapura Majulah Singapura!
4. Half of the urban road is a single line
ECONOMY
One of the East Asian Tigers Business-oriented Largest harbor in Southeast Asia
ECONOMY
FOOD
CONCLUSION
Garden city Gourmet capital
Tourist-attracted county Well-ordered city
TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION
1. Peak periods impose urban congestion charges 2. The high price of owning a car
3. Untouchable electronic eye + strict control& heavy penalty
ONWARD SINGAPORE!
Mari kita rakyat Singapura Sama-sama menuju bahagia Cita-cita kita yang mulia Berjaya Singapura。 Marilah kita bersatu Dengan semangat yang baru Semua kita berseru Majulah Singapura Majulah Singapura! Marilah kita bersatu Dengan semangat yang baru Semua kita berseru Majulah Singapura Majulah Singapura!
4. Half of the urban road is a single line
ECONOMY
One of the East Asian Tigers Business-oriented Largest harbor in Southeast Asia
ECONOMY
FOOD
CONCLUSION
Garden city Gourmet capital
Tourist-attracted county Well-ordered city
新加坡的简介英文版(课堂PPT)
3
The National
Flag
Red stands for equality and
friendship, white represents purity and virtue. Crescent Singpore is expressed in a new country. The five stars represent the five major national ideals: " democracy, peace, progress, the justice and equality. "
a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occupy . In China Town, many alley walk , you will see
它被现代购物中心、百 年老店占据。在牛车水
the craftsmen in the production of a 众多的小巷中漫步,你
红色代表平等和友谊,白色 象征纯洁和美德。新月表 示Singpore是一个新成立 的国家。五颗星代表国家 五大的理想:“民主、和平、 进步、正義与平等。”
4
新加坡的国花叫卓锦·万代兰,它有一个姣美的唇片和五个花 瓣,象征新加坡四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语
四种语言的平等。
• The national flower of Singapore called Zhuo Jin, Vanda, it has a beautiful lip piece and five petals, symbolizes the Singapore four big national and Malay, English, Mandarin and Tamil languages four equality.
The National
Flag
Red stands for equality and
friendship, white represents purity and virtue. Crescent Singpore is expressed in a new country. The five stars represent the five major national ideals: " democracy, peace, progress, the justice and equality. "
a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occupy . In China Town, many alley walk , you will see
它被现代购物中心、百 年老店占据。在牛车水
the craftsmen in the production of a 众多的小巷中漫步,你
红色代表平等和友谊,白色 象征纯洁和美德。新月表 示Singpore是一个新成立 的国家。五颗星代表国家 五大的理想:“民主、和平、 进步、正義与平等。”
4
新加坡的国花叫卓锦·万代兰,它有一个姣美的唇片和五个花 瓣,象征新加坡四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语
四种语言的平等。
• The national flower of Singapore called Zhuo Jin, Vanda, it has a beautiful lip piece and five petals, symbolizes the Singapore four big national and Malay, English, Mandarin and Tamil languages four equality.
小学生Singapore新加坡ppt介绍
Good morning everybody! Today I will
introduce my most loving country--Singapore.
Page 1
Welcome to Singapore 欢迎来到新加坡
Page 2
国家简介(National introduction)
Singapore is one the richest countries in the world.
这是新加坡的唐人街, 它被现代购物中心、 百年老店占据。
Page 6
Singapore's tourist attractions also include :Universal Studios Singapore,Sentosa,clarke Quay and so on. 新加坡旅游景点还包括:新加坡环球影城,圣淘沙岛,克 拉码头等等。
Merlion is located in the city of Singapore River,is the sign and symbol of singapore.
鱼尾狮像坐落于市内新 加坡河畔,是新加坡的 标志和象征。
Page 5
牛车水 China Town
This is Singapore's Chinatown , it is a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occugapore is the
important financial、
service and shipping
新加坡是全球最为富裕的国家之一。新
centers.
加坡是亚洲重要的金融、服务和航运中
心之一。
Page 3
introduce my most loving country--Singapore.
Page 1
Welcome to Singapore 欢迎来到新加坡
Page 2
国家简介(National introduction)
Singapore is one the richest countries in the world.
这是新加坡的唐人街, 它被现代购物中心、 百年老店占据。
Page 6
Singapore's tourist attractions also include :Universal Studios Singapore,Sentosa,clarke Quay and so on. 新加坡旅游景点还包括:新加坡环球影城,圣淘沙岛,克 拉码头等等。
Merlion is located in the city of Singapore River,is the sign and symbol of singapore.
鱼尾狮像坐落于市内新 加坡河畔,是新加坡的 标志和象征。
Page 5
牛车水 China Town
This is Singapore's Chinatown , it is a modern shopping center , a hundred years to occugapore is the
important financial、
service and shipping
新加坡是全球最为富裕的国家之一。新
centers.
加坡是亚洲重要的金融、服务和航运中
心之一。
Page 3
新加坡PPT介绍
鸡肉沙爹(Chicken Satay)
咖喱鱼头(The Fish Head Curry)
叻沙(Laksa )
新加坡佛牙 寺龙华院
(Singapore Expo Longhua Institute )
鱼尾狮公园(Merlion's Park ) 新加坡土生文化馆
(SingaporePeranakan Museum )
The flag of Singapore is also called star flag, on August 9, 1965 officiallybecame the national flag of the Republic of singapore. The Singapore flag isrectangular red, white consists of two parallel equal, the upper left corner there is a white crescent moon and five white five pointed star .
新加坡位于北纬1°18′,东 经103°51′,毗邻马六甲海峡 南口,北隔狭窄的柔佛海峡与马 来西亚紧邻,
Singapore is located in north latitude 1 ° 18 ', longitude 103 ° 51', adjacent to the Malacca Strait south, north across the narrow Johore Strait and Malaysia close to,
1.国家简介(National introduction) 2.“狮城”由来(The origin of the nanal flag) 5.首都(The capital ) 6.货币(Currency ) 7.美食小吃(Food snacks) 8.著名景点(Famous scenic spots)
English-Singapore-新加坡英文版介绍精品名师资料.ppt
Travel
Following the clues below, can you guess what the country is?
Singapore
Flag National Emblem Official Language Religion
Introduction
The National Flag
Transportation Communication
1. Peak periods impose urban congestion charges 2. The high price of owning a car
3. Untouchable electronic eye + strict control& heavy penalty
4. Half of the urban road is a single line
Government &Political Conditions
Parliamentary Republic
The Capitol of singapore
Political clean Severe punishment
National Emblem
It has a new moon and 5 small five_pointed stars above the left corner. The red represents equal and friendships ,and the white symbolizes pureness and virtue. The new moon expresses that Singapore is a new founded state.The five stars represent the 5 big ideals of country:"democracy,peace , progress,justice and equal."
Following the clues below, can you guess what the country is?
Singapore
Flag National Emblem Official Language Religion
Introduction
The National Flag
Transportation Communication
1. Peak periods impose urban congestion charges 2. The high price of owning a car
3. Untouchable electronic eye + strict control& heavy penalty
4. Half of the urban road is a single line
Government &Political Conditions
Parliamentary Republic
The Capitol of singapore
Political clean Severe punishment
National Emblem
It has a new moon and 5 small five_pointed stars above the left corner. The red represents equal and friendships ,and the white symbolizes pureness and virtue. The new moon expresses that Singapore is a new founded state.The five stars represent the 5 big ideals of country:"democracy,peace , progress,justice and equal."
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
/Hakka.
• Singapore had independented and founded the state on 1965.
• The National Day of Singapore is August ninth.
• Singapore established diplomatic relations with our country on October third 1990.
• By the 14th century, Singapore had become part of the mighty Sri Vijayan empire and was known as Temasek ("Sea Town").由14世纪,新加坡已经成为勇士Vijayan帝国的一部分斯被称
longitudes 103°36'E and
104°25'E approximately
137 kilometers north of
the Equator.
新加坡由新加坡本岛和大约63个岛屿組成。 它是介于1°N和1°09N; 103°29 E和 104°36E..在赤道的北边大約137公里。
The main island is about 42 kilometres from east to west and 23 kilometres from north to south. Singapore's total land area, including that of the smaller islands, is 697.1 square kilometres.
• 它有一个新月和小明星左边角。 • 红色代表平等和友谊,白色象征纯洁和美德。新月表示Singpore是一个新成立
的国家。五颗星代表国家五大的理想:“民主、和平、进步、正義与平等。”
Chinese name: Lee Guangyao English name: Lee Kuan Yew Birthday: June 22nd Age:89 Country: Singapore City: Singapore Ancestral home: Kwangtung Language: Contonese/English
history
• The earliest known mention of Singapore was a 3rd
century Chinese account which described Singapore as
“Pu-luo-chung” (“island at the end of a peninsula”). Little
• The red represents equal and friendships ,and the white symbolizes pureness and virtue. The new moon expresses that Singpore is a new founded state.The five stars represent the 5 big ideals of country:"democracy,peace , progress,justice and equal."five_pointed
Singapore(新加坡)
Location位置
Singapore consists of the
main island of Singapore
and some 63 offshore
islands. It is situated
between latitudes 1°09'N
and 1°29'N and
为淡马锡(“海洋城”)。
• During the 11th century, this small but strategicallyplaced island had earned a new name - "Singa Pura" ("Lion City").
is known about the island‘s history at that time but this
matter-of-fact description belies Singapore’s colorful past.
已知的最早提到新加坡是一个3世纪中国定義新加坡为“婆罗洲”(“岛屿在 结束的一个半岛”)。很少有人了解这个岛屿的历史,但是这很切合实际的描述, 掩盖了新加坡的五彩缤纷的过去。
在新加坡的官方语言是马来语、中文(粤语、闽南话和客 家话),泰米尔语和英语。马来语为国语,英语是语言的管理。 宪法允许每个人的权利,自称宗教、宣传练习。在新加坡 的主要宗教有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、基督教、印度教
The National Flag
National emblem
It has a new moon and 5 small five_pointed stars above the left corner.
• 本岛约42公里,从东到西、从北到南23公里。新加坡的国 土面积,包括较小的岛屿,为697.1平方公里。
The official languages in Singapore are Malay, Chinese (Contonese,Hokkien and Hakka), Tamil and English. Malay is the national language and English is the language of administration. The Constitution allows every person the right to profess and practise his religion and to propagate it. The main religions in Singapore are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity and Hinduism.
• Singapore had independented and founded the state on 1965.
• The National Day of Singapore is August ninth.
• Singapore established diplomatic relations with our country on October third 1990.
• By the 14th century, Singapore had become part of the mighty Sri Vijayan empire and was known as Temasek ("Sea Town").由14世纪,新加坡已经成为勇士Vijayan帝国的一部分斯被称
longitudes 103°36'E and
104°25'E approximately
137 kilometers north of
the Equator.
新加坡由新加坡本岛和大约63个岛屿組成。 它是介于1°N和1°09N; 103°29 E和 104°36E..在赤道的北边大約137公里。
The main island is about 42 kilometres from east to west and 23 kilometres from north to south. Singapore's total land area, including that of the smaller islands, is 697.1 square kilometres.
• 它有一个新月和小明星左边角。 • 红色代表平等和友谊,白色象征纯洁和美德。新月表示Singpore是一个新成立
的国家。五颗星代表国家五大的理想:“民主、和平、进步、正義与平等。”
Chinese name: Lee Guangyao English name: Lee Kuan Yew Birthday: June 22nd Age:89 Country: Singapore City: Singapore Ancestral home: Kwangtung Language: Contonese/English
history
• The earliest known mention of Singapore was a 3rd
century Chinese account which described Singapore as
“Pu-luo-chung” (“island at the end of a peninsula”). Little
• The red represents equal and friendships ,and the white symbolizes pureness and virtue. The new moon expresses that Singpore is a new founded state.The five stars represent the 5 big ideals of country:"democracy,peace , progress,justice and equal."five_pointed
Singapore(新加坡)
Location位置
Singapore consists of the
main island of Singapore
and some 63 offshore
islands. It is situated
between latitudes 1°09'N
and 1°29'N and
为淡马锡(“海洋城”)。
• During the 11th century, this small but strategicallyplaced island had earned a new name - "Singa Pura" ("Lion City").
is known about the island‘s history at that time but this
matter-of-fact description belies Singapore’s colorful past.
已知的最早提到新加坡是一个3世纪中国定義新加坡为“婆罗洲”(“岛屿在 结束的一个半岛”)。很少有人了解这个岛屿的历史,但是这很切合实际的描述, 掩盖了新加坡的五彩缤纷的过去。
在新加坡的官方语言是马来语、中文(粤语、闽南话和客 家话),泰米尔语和英语。马来语为国语,英语是语言的管理。 宪法允许每个人的权利,自称宗教、宣传练习。在新加坡 的主要宗教有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、基督教、印度教
The National Flag
National emblem
It has a new moon and 5 small five_pointed stars above the left corner.
• 本岛约42公里,从东到西、从北到南23公里。新加坡的国 土面积,包括较小的岛屿,为697.1平方公里。
The official languages in Singapore are Malay, Chinese (Contonese,Hokkien and Hakka), Tamil and English. Malay is the national language and English is the language of administration. The Constitution allows every person the right to profess and practise his religion and to propagate it. The main religions in Singapore are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity and Hinduism.