学术英语INTRODUCTION分析
SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作
SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作第一篇：SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作SCI论文引言部分Introduction的写作引言Introduction 是SCI论文最难写的部分之一，很多文章的缺陷就在于Introduction没有内涵，过于简单，没有真正体现论文的研究起初和创新要素，然而，一篇好的SCI论文对于Introduction的要求是非常高的，一个好的引言相当于文章成功了一半。
所以大家应该在 Introduction的撰写上下功夫。
要写好 Introduction，最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性，这两点是紧密结的，即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。
SCI论文引言部分Introduction 主要包括如下四个方面的内容：1、阐述自己研究领域的基本内容。
要尽量简洁明了，不罗嗦;须知看文章者都是该领域的专家，所以一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来描述。
2、文献总结回顾。
是引言的重头戏之一，要特别着重笔墨来描写。
一方面要把该领域内过去和现在的状况全面概括总结出来，不能有丝毫的遗漏，特别是最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用(这是两个最容易出问题的地方，要极力避免;一旦审稿人指出这两个毛病，很可能意味着表明你做的不够深入或全面，负面作用非常明显)。
另一方面，文献引用和数据提供一定要准确，切记避免片面摘录部分结果而不反映文献的总体结果;引用的数据也要正确，特别是间接引用的数据(即不是从原文献中查到，而是从别人文献中发现的另一篇文献的数据);数据出错会导致文章的印象特差!此外，引用文献时注意防止造成抄袭的印象，即不要原文抄录，要用自己的话进行总结描述。
如果审稿人正好是文献的引用者的话，原文照抄的结果一定会很糟糕。
3、分析过去研究的局限性并阐明自己研究的创新点。
这是整个引言的高潮，因而要慎之又慎。
阐述局限性时，需要客观公正评价别人的工作，不要把抬高自己研究的价值建立在贬低别人的工作之上(这也是文章易犯的毛病)，研究者一定要遵循实事求是的原则来分析。
英语作文研究的研究过程和反思体会
英语作文研究的研究过程和反思体会1. Introduction (Introduction)中文：研究之旅的启程往往始于一个引人入胜的问题。
在我最近进行的英语写作研究项目中，我选择了探讨如何有效地提升非母语英语学习者的书面表达能力这一主题。
这个阶段，我首先进行了大量的文献阅读与理论探索，试图在已有的学术框架下寻找可能的研究缺口和创新点。
English: The inception of any research journey often begins with an intriguing question. In my recent English writing research project, I embarked on exploring how to effectively enhance the written proficiency of non-native English speakers. At this stage, I delved into extensive literature review and theoretical investigation, aiming to identify potential gaps and innovative points within the existing academic framework.2. Research Design and Data Collection (Research Design and Data Gathering)中文：确定了研究方向后，我精心设计了一份包含定量和定性元素的调查问卷，并通过线上线下相结合的方式收集数据。
同时，我还组织了几场深度访谈，以便更深入地理解学习者在提高书面英语能力过程中遇到的具体挑战。
整个过程充满挑战，但每一步都让我对研究问题有了更为具体和全面的认识。
English: Upon establishing the research direction, I meticulously designed a survey that combined quantitative and qualitative elements, collecting data through both online and offline channels. Additionally, I conducted several in-depth interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the specific challenges faced by learners in improving their written English skills. This process was challenging but each step significantly contributed to a more concrete and comprehensive grasp of the research issue.3. Data Analysis and Interpretation (Data Analysis and Interpretation)中文：在数据分析阶段，我运用统计软件处理量化数据，同时采用内容分析法解析定性反馈。
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分1. Abstract标准摘要五句话，包含五个层次的内容：1.1 Introduction: 为什么要进行本项研究，现状中本项研究的缺失或者做了但是存在不足;1.2 Method：用什么方法做这个研究;1.3 Data：用什么样的数据来验证你的方法;1.4 Results：从研究中得出什么结论;1.5 Implication：得出的结论对研究领域和实践有什么意义(理论与实践意义)2. Introduction2.1 Research background：目的是证实该研究问题的重要性。
如这一类问题造成的损失很严重，因此研究这一问题很重要。
2.2 Research problem：在上述的这一大研究背景下，要做什么问题(或者方面)的研究;在上述的这一大研究背景下，这一研究可以在哪些方面解决现存的实际问题。
2.3 研究现状：别人已经做了哪些东西，别人已经做过什么，发现了什么样的问题?2.4 现存的研究有什么问题与不足：别人有什么没有做过?为什么别人没有做得更好?并说明这些研究不足会带来严重后果。
2.5 本研究的目标(objective)和研究范围(scope)：本研究弥补这些问题中(这些没做过或者做过没做好的问题中)的哪些不足，采用什么研究方法去弥补不足。
陈述本项研究的范围局限，并高度概括本论文研究结论。
2.6 文章结构：本论文的后续部分的基本内容架构。
3. Literature review目的：Literature review证明与说明两件事情：一是研究目标的设定是有意义的;二是你在本研究中采用的方法是可靠的、有效的。
包括三个层次的内容：3.1 对选题(你找到的研究问题)的justification。
即对做过没做好或者没做过的研究问题，在这个研究领域，针对research problem而言，让读者明白本项研究是有意义的;3.2 现存文献中对本文值得参考并可借鉴的东西(包括分析工具和成果);3.3 非相关或者相邻研究领域值得借鉴的东西，侧重于可借鉴的研究方法。
学术英语introduction
❖Teach students the most useful language study skills (reading, writing,speaking and listening);
❖Emphasize critical thinking and inquiry in academic subjects like math, science, physics or English literature;
❖Help students learn about their chosen destination or academic concern and what to expect when they get there.
References
《学术英语（理工）》（Academic English for Science and Engineering) 主编: 蔡基刚 外语教学与研究出版社
❖ The physiological theory centers upon how our body, specifically our brains, function during the REM phase of sleep. Proponents of this theory believe that we dream to exercise the synapses, or pathways, between brain cells, and that dreaming takes over where the active and awake brain leaves off. When awake, our brains constantly transmit and receive messages, which course through our billions of brain cells to their appropriate destinations, and keep our bodies in perpetual motion. Dreams replace thng Purposes
学术英语writingintroduction
What belongs in the introductory section(s) of your paper?
A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract.
Structural Layout of Introduction
The first layer 1.1 Introducing the general research area including its background,
Frequently asked questions
What is an introduction for? Is it a summary?
An introduction is not a summary. A summary repeats the main ideas of an essay. An introduction introduces the reader to the topic of the
What is Introduction?
Introduction is the first section of a scientific paper, including the background information of the research, the nature and scope of the problem investigated.
An essay introduction does not need to do more than tell the reader the topic of the essay, describe how the body of the essay is organized, and explain the thesis that you argue for in the essay.
学术话题英语作文模板
学术话题英语作文模板英文回答：1. Introduction。
State the topic and provide a brief overview of the issue.Example:The topic of this essay is the importance of education in the modern world. Education is the foundation of a successful and prosperous society, and it is essential for individuals to have access to quality education in order to reach their full potential.2. Body Paragraphs。
Develop the main points of the essay, using evidence and examples to support your claims.Example:Body Paragraph 1: The first benefit of education isthat it provides individuals with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the modern economy. In today's globalized world, employers are looking for workers who have a strong foundation in math, science, and technology.A good education can also help individuals develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essentialfor success in any field.Body Paragraph 2: The second benefit of education is that it promotes social mobility. Education can help individuals break out of poverty and achieve a better life for themselves and their families. In many countries, education is the key to unlocking opportunities for higher-paying jobs and better healthcare.Body Paragraph 3: The third benefit of education isthat it fosters personal growth. Education can help individuals develop their minds and expand their horizons.It can teach them about different cultures, histories, and perspectives. A good education can also help individuals become more tolerant and understanding of others.3. Conclusion。
学术英语写作Unit 6.Introduction(课堂PPT)
Sample Analysis
Introduction
1.Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. 2.PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerization of lactide. 3.It has many possible uses in the biomedical field1 and has also been investigated as potential engineering material.2,3 4.However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially.4
5.One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles5 and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. 6.For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques6 and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites.7
学术英语INTRODUCTION分析
NAME: STUDENT ID:
Background
1.With the rapid development of nanotechnology, sizedependent material properties of carbon nanotubes and nanowires have been observed by experiments [1] and by molecular dynamics simulations [2]. Such size-dependent material properties cannot be interpreted using the classical linear theory of elasticity free of scale parameters. In order to characterize the size dependent material properties at nanoscale, some new theoretical models have been put forward. 2. The gradient elasticity theory originally presented by Mindlin [3] is one of continuum models describing the size effect[4]. Many researches on elasticity problems related to the gradient elasticity theory have been done and mainly focus on two- and three-dimensional media. In particular,
学术英语写作Unit-6.Introduction
9
➢Background (sentences 1-4) ➢Literature Review (sentences 5-6) ➢Unresolved Question (sentence 7) ➢The Present Paper (sentences 8-10)
In sentence 6 the writer provides a brief overview of key research projects in this area.
In sentence 7 the writer describes a gap in the research.
In sentence 8 the writer describes the paper itself. In sentence 9 the writer gives details about the
Unit 6 How to Write the Introduction
1
Teaching Procedures
1
Lead-in
2
Sample Analysis
Building a Model
4
Grammar and Writing Skills
2
Lead-in 1. What information should be contained in the Introduction?
13
➢ The Present Paper
8. The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. 9. On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-carbon rubber (PI). 10. This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations formed a novel polymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility .
英文论文Introduction的写作技巧-2015-0126
有各自的特点，掌握这些特点会使写作过程化难为易。下面将对引言各层次的写作特点和 技巧分别加以介绍。 2 如何写引言的开头
英文论文 Introduction 的写作技巧 —as a "hook" to attract the readers
学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画（The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper.Without an introduction it is sometimes very difficult for your audience to figure out what you are trying to say. There needs to be a thread of an idea that they will follow through your paper） 。 The introduction section shows the questions that should be answered for the readers once they finish reading the “Introduction”. 1 引言的内容与结构布局
引言的开头常用句型有： 句型 1：研究主题+谓语动词 be… ．例 a．Fuel cell(燃料电池)is a technology for the clean and efficient conversion from chemical
Chapter 1 Introduction剖析
2. LanguBiblioteka geLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 语言是人类用于交际的任意有声符号系统。
a.
Language is systematic.
Elements are combined according to rules. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
internal world, and our contact with others. It evolves within specific historical, social and cultural contexts. Will the day come when all languages become one? What is possibly the first language? Where do you think language came from?
Jakobson (1960): referential (context), emotive (addresser), poetic (message), conative (addressee), phatic (contact), meta-lingual (code) Halliday early: instrumental, regulatory, representational, interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative. Halliday (1994): ideational (logical), interpersonal (social) and textual (relevant)
学术英语writing introduction
Your company slogan
Simple Future Tense
Sometimes, in the sentence including the objective of the research, Simple Future Tense is recommended.
e.g. “In summary, previous methods are all extremely inefficient. Hence a new approach is developed to process the data more efficiently.” The later sentence should be — “In this paper, a new approach will be developed to process the data more efficiently” or “This paper will present a new approach that process the data more efficiently”.
Your company slogan
ould I put in my introduction?
Do not try to pack everything into the introduction. It would then not be an introduction at all! An essay introduction does not need to do more than tell the reader the topic of the essay, describe how the body of the essay is organized, and explain the thesis that you argue for in the essay.
英语论文分析学习-第1节-introduction
Contents of an introduction
Q2: which sentence states the importance of the research?
Look at the following examples and find the key words.
E.g1:
The design of reliable hinges is essential for the development of deployable structures in space applications.
The design of reliable hinges is essential for the development of deployable structures in space applications.
E.g2.:
3D-TV has recently received much attention from both academia and industry.
solved explains why the research is being done
(rationale，基本原理)
Contents of an introduction
Practice: fast-read sample 1 and decide how many
parts does the content consist of? And mark the key words if you can which help you to organize the structure.
怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分？
怎样写好英文论文的Introduction部分？在论文写作过程中，很多同学搞不清abstract和introduction的区别，认为这两个部分都是一样的，由于概念的模糊导致introduction的写作存在问题。
那么什么是introduction，又应该怎么写这一部分呢？摘要我们都知道主要是对文章内容从选题背景，主要内容和研究问题三个部分来概述。
而Introduction部分是要求内容在对应的选题上更加精确，即通过承接摘要部分提出的内容来展开话题，从比较宏观的学术背景逐渐过渡到本文的研究课题来说服目标读者。
Introduction部分需要明确呈现的三个部分：一是background；二是research gap；三是study purpose。
总的来说，就是从what is known到what is unknown最后推出自己的研究问题。
所以Introduction一开始要陈述的是自己研究课题领域的大背景和重要性，第一部分的主要目的是向读者展示自己选择的研究方向前人有过那些经典的理论和实验，证明你对这个领域已经有全面客观的了解。
这样才能向第二部分进行。
第二部分即找到课题领域的研究空白。
所谓空白，包括尚未设涉及的问题和前人没有研究透彻或者随着该领域发展一些需要理论或实验需要进行进一步修正。
这些都可以作为你了解到的研究空白，同时为你接下来的选题陈述奠定基础。
接下来就是要基于前两个部分的陈述点出本文的研究课题、研究意义和采用的研究方法。
写Introduction有几个需要注意的问题：首先在字数上不要过多，尤其在概述背景的部分，不要堆砌罗列文献，要选择与自己选题密切相关的著作或著名理论来陈述。
其次要时刻记得Introduction的目的是要让读者通过对这一部分的阅读对你的研究产生兴趣，即吸引读者。
Introduction属于论文中最难写的部分之一，这一部分的成败直接影响到你整篇论文的质量。
所以要在初稿完成后反复修改，不要过多赘述也不要一带而过。
学术英语(管理)Unit8分析
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The Core Concepts of Academic English (Management) Unit 8
Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior is the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations think, feel, and behave within the context of the workplace.
Identifying and analyzing changes in the external environment: Management needs to identify and analyze changes in the external environment, such as market trends, technological advancements, and regulatory requirements, to determine how they will impact the organization.
Navigating political and economic uncertainty
05
Case Analysis of Academic English (Management) Unit 8
The company's transformation from a PC software vendor to a cloud services provider is a prime example of successful management. By making strategic decisions and investments in cloud technologies, Microsoft has been able to maintain its market leadership and stay ahead of the competition.
学术英语Introduction
The present development situation of mobile games and forecast of its futureSince the 1950s, the development of video games, whichhas already set its ownmarkets as well as its level of technology intoa moreadvancedrank, still has abrilliant future. With the development of computer technology, the contents of video games have been enriched,special effects improved,thus game producers are so eager to explore other novel things that scripts, music and other relevantproductions of games are accordingly created. As a result, after movie, videogameis regarded as the ninth art in the world. In addition, economic benefits that game industries make are impressive. Tencent indicates that the profit whichits gamesdivision made in 2013 was 1225 million dollars, taking up 44.6% of total earnings(1), and Chinese mobile games market gained 11.24 billion dollars in the first half year of 2014(2). Obviously, it is evident that video game is always an essential part inindustry no matter whenit is created. For personal interest and profession, our group decides to study one important part of video game: mobile game. At first, we will have a better understanding of the reason of mobile game’s rise by analyzingits operatingmodel, thenwe use history of games toconclude its tendency of development, and we will draw a conclusionultimatelyfrom what we have studied.for game in 20th century,andThere isn ’t anaccurate statement about the birthof video games, but it isgenerally considered to originate from a game called Space War in the PDP-1, which was the first computer with a visual display in the world, in the small laboratory named MIT in1962. Experiencingseveral stages of development suchas the great upsurge and the fall of video game room, the replacement of livingroom entertainment equipment, the boom of portable products, the development of videogame has beenbeyondpeople ’s predictions andstill evolves constantly,and now the influence of games reaches the top level inthe world. The E3 game exhibitionheldinLospeoplefromall over theworldtoparticipateeachyear. Thenumber of exhibitors in2014 was over 48900, they gathered together, not for anythingelse, but passionfor the games. Therefore, what can make the electronic game experience the test of history and become an industry with such visual expressivity and economic benefits?After researching history of the game and exploring the industry,we summarize a number of reasons about these.Video games are always full of original ideas and interestingcontent, whichmakes users enjoy a steady streamof freshness, so that game players tend to beattracted by electronic games.In addition,humans always take pleasure in trying new things, and video games are always full of fresh vitality and tideway, so nobody can refuse the vision about something new.Besides, with the rapid development of technology, the game screen is closer toreality andthemusic ingamebecomes morebeautiful. Ina manner of speaking,n ow a 3A computer game is completely comparable toa perfect Hollywoodmovie,which has the ability to show people a sense of the impact of the picture and the shock of the music, makingpeople have anexperience combinationof technologyand art.Video games create virtual worlds one by one where people are able to express their feelings casually, do whatever they want to do, enjoy the freedom,achieve the goals that cannot be finished in the real world and banish all troubles from their mind. For example, playing the Sims researched and developed by EA, youcanplay a variety of roles, engageinvarious occupations andachievedifferentgoals in life. What ’s more, sports games have become a trend, and it is worthmaking a show off of ourselves if we make great achievements in playing game.Video games are the best platform which can be used to test some advancedtechnologies. Ontheonehand, videogames neednew ways tobeexperienced, onthe other hand,they need to adapt to continually changing equipments and new systems. Therefore, game developers always pay attention to the development of advanced technologies. Before people feel shocked by the Hollywood movie Avatar for its application of motioncapture technology, CAPCOM company has planned to use this technology in their own game Devil May Cry; the Glasses-free 3D technology was earlier used inNintendo 3DS gamingconsoles rather thanin3D televisions, and the VR technology was initially for a better gaming experience and later increased more and more applications. Unlike some industries changing once a decade, the gaming industry change constantly with the progress of science and technology, so the games industry is always full of energy and vitality.The first mobile game, Snake, was published withthe sales of Nokia 6110 in1999. But mobile games didn’t make great progress until the launch of IOS systems in 2007 and the emergences of intelligent smartphone operating systems such as Android in 2008, which even led to wilderness appearing in game domain. But this was not an ordinary field because smart phones developers exploited precious resources inthis area, whichcompletely changedstatus of mobile games.Within just six years, mobile games developed rapidly. Now there are lots of mobile games in every smart phone and mobile games become an indispensable part of our daily life. With the low threshold of mobile game ’s development, fast propagation speed, easy profits and other advantages, mobile games create one after another legends inIT industry. However, the rise of mobile games dependsmore on players rather than game itself. Products can’t have a ready market without great demands. Analyzingfromthe perspective of players, we concludethe following reasons:(1)Whendowe usually play mobile games? We usually play games whenwaitingwithout anything to do, and the waiting time is not too long such as taking a bus, waitinginline and other situations that we need occasionally stop. And it is notsuitable to read or sleep, however the waiting time and short cycle of playing games hititoff beyondexpectations anditis thebestchoicefor peopletospend5minutes playingmobile games to count our thumbs. Because of the busier andbusier rhythmof life, mobile games seemto be people ’s best choice. So whenc omparedwithother entertainment items, it seems tobe more feasible tospend5minutes in games by clicking on the game icons.M obile games are different fromtraditional electric games, andmobile gamesare free, but the properties are rechargeable. Users candownload mobile gamesfor free and play games, but if users desire to get richer experiences, they should pay. Traditional electrical games are marked the specific prices whenthey are onsell, but mobile games aren ’t. If players are willing to spend money, it ’s free for players tospendnothingor spend100RMB ongames. Besides, modernpeoplearemore confident of their own real feelings rather than advertisements. Players can’tjudge correctly whether it is suitable for themto play this kind of gamesonly by reading the introduction of the games.Game developers take advantageof people ’s state of tryingplayingmind and tempt players into playing, whic hleads those players addict togames. Inorder tomake players purchase properties,game developers increase game levels and difficulty factors deliberately. Before players come to realize the truth, they have spent considerable funds ongames,however they are reluctant to give up so that they spend more and more money, just like falling in swamps and sinking deeper and deeper.Although now mobile phone market is large and develops rapidly, market demandis notinfinite. Oncemobilegames marketdemandwill befulfilledandthesupply will exceed the demand,which will cause a devastating disaster in the mobile games market.Atari Shock in1983 is a goodinstance. Atari, a company manufacturinggamesinUSA, developed bothhardware and software, kept up withthe boomin1970sand therefore became the largest game manufacturers in the world. However the giant ruined itselfjust for the sake of a poor-quality product, whichis knownasAtari Shock. It resulted froma game whichadapted froma famous filmET which gainedworldwide popularity withscience fictionatthattime. Deep-pocketedAtari decidedambitiously toearnprofits fromit, sothey spenta largeamountof money inbuyingET ’s copyright and advertising, leadingto a trashas the fact that thed e votionandinvestment tothe game was cut downandthe makers were left onlyfive weeks to develop. Infact, quite a few companies fancied the profit of game industry. Therefore, evenif havingnoexperience, these businesses still investedsoheavily in manufacture that created a great number of useless 1.5 inch medal components, trying to overwhelmed quality by numbers. However, consumers are not stupid. They would not buy those games that are not worthy to play. Consumer ’s confidence andpatience togames hadbeenalready runout. But ET,as a work introduced sincerely by Atari which is the largest game company in the world, was terrible too. As a consequence, consumers lost their hope totally, Atari, as a fuse,ultimately caused the chainreactionof a crashof video game industry.The huge loss by selling ET resulted in the bankruptcy of Atari and the c o nsequence that thousands of game products failed to be sold, but sent to thedump instead. Withthe decline of Atari, game industry came across the hardestperiod in game history. It seems that people think electronic games would not appear again.Now the mobile game market ’s condition is similar to those years’, excessively fast development, games excess and new works come out every day,but how many games canexist inpeople’s phones and how many games ca n have special ideas but not copy or imitate ？The number is few. Investors who are blinded by others’successful case continue to invest a great number of bor ing games inorder toearnsomethingfromthe game market. The whole marketis inamess and the game qualities are uneven. Though the market does not have saturationobviously, it tends to decline. Althoughhavingno trend to break outextensive crash, it has a hiddendanger. There is no doubt that the mobile gamemarket will break down if it keeps developing in this way.30years ago,when electronic game was regarded to be in extinction, Nintendo saved the whole industry. Nonetheless, if there is a crash in mobile game market, who canguarantee there will be a savior?FromAtari we get the point that economy is supposed to follow the rule ofmarket no matter which model it is in. A thought of seekingquick success maybring short-term benefits, but it will destroy the bright future. The game industry should be a vibrant and creative rather than occupied by a group of businessmen with “successful” case inmarket production. Finally, we shouldpaya closed attention to social trends. As movies produced in different era have different content,sodoes game industry.It must keepcontacts withthe times andcontinuous innovation to meet the needs of users,for expanding the market to increase capacity but not squeeze the market value.From the analysis and research above, there are three possibilities of the development of the Mobile Games Market when taking the current market situation and the direction of science and technology into account:(1) RepeattheAtari’sFailureIf MobileGames markethas notbeenredressedandthenumber of all kinds ofcrapgames wouldincrease sofast like cancer cells that the market wouldcollapse.Althoughit will not cause as great loss as the Atari event did, it will destroy thebright future of the Mobile Games. It is not just the Mobile Games that targeting the market while all kinds of the mobile phone apps also contend for thesmart-phone market. Once Mobile Games suffered a great impact, then other mobile phone apps would seize the opportunity to grab market share, which would be difficult for Mobile Games to stage a comeback, and consequently return to the edge of the video-games industry.(2) Keep developing but the influence is limitedMobile Games market may not developas what we think. Evenif the market is saturated, no amount of garbage Mobile Games will cause the market crash. After all, its development model is doomed to have limited influence. So even if there is a crash, the scale of the disaster will not be toolarge. However, limitedinfluence is predestined to have a competitive disadvantage due to the increasingintense of competition. Since the April 21 st, 2014 China has lifted the restrictionongames,there would be a large number of outstandingforeignworks sweepinginto thedomestic market, which means that Mobile Games would encounter some daunting challenges. Whether consumers choose to have an experience of high-end games or use Mobile Games to kill time will determine the future of Mobile Games. It seems that bothare developinginparallel without interferingwith each other on current trend. But in any case, Mobile Games is destined to have limited influence thanks to its origin and orientation,making it unable to associate with some artistic words such as art or masterpiece.(3)Combined with advanced technology to achieve transformation in the futureAt present the limited influence of Mobile Games is due to its own limited expressiveness.But new technology may bringhopes, just like the situationthatsmart-phone changed the marginal status of the Mobile Games in those days. Perhaps a brand-new technology will help Mobile Games to reach a new level, even surpass the traditional electronic game. And on the current situation, VR technology may most likely to become the best partner for new Mobile Games. Since Sony announced a plannamed Project Morpheus that promotes VR gameexperience with all its strength in E3 game show in 2014, each tycoons of IT industry began to pay attention to and to study VR Technology. On October 2014, Samsung announced that it would combine mobile phone with wearable device to achieve VR system. As a result, the development of Mobile Games mayonce againexceed our expectation, as people inthe last century were unable toimagine the scale that the video games today could achieve.。
学术英语知识点总结
学术英语知识点总结I. IntroductionAcademic English refers to the language used in academic settings, such as universities, colleges, and academic writing. It is characterized by its clarity, precision, and formality, and is used to convey complex ideas and arguments. This paper will summarize key knowledge points in academic English, including grammar, vocabulary, writing, and speaking skills.II. Grammar1. Tenses: In academic writing, it is important to use the appropriate tense to convey the correct timing of actions and events. For example, present simple is used for general truths and facts, present perfect is used for past actions with relevance to the present, and past simple is used for completed actions in the past.2. Articles: The use of articles (a, an, the) can be challenging for non-native speakers of English. It is important to understand when to use definite and indefinite articles, and when to omit articles altogether.3. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensuring that subjects and verbs agree in number and person is essential for clear communication in academic writing. This includes understanding singular and plural subjects, as well as the use of auxiliary verbs.4. Sentence Structure: Academic English often requires complex and varied sentence structures to convey ideas effectively. This includes understanding the use of subordinating and coordinating conjunctions, relative clauses, and parallel structures.5. Modals: Modals such as can, could, may, might, must, should, and would are used to express possibility, necessity, and probability. Understanding how to use modals correctly is important in academic English.III. Vocabulary1. Register: Academic English requires the use of formal and precise language. This means using academic vocabulary, avoiding colloquial language, and being mindful of word choice and tone.2. Academic Word List: Familiarity with the Academic Word List, which includes words frequently used in academic settings, is important for developing a strong academic vocabulary. This includes words related to specific academic disciplines as well as general academic language.3. Word Formation: Understanding how to form and use prefixes, suffixes, and roots to create and understand academic vocabulary is important in academic English. This includes understanding word families and derivational relationships.4. Collocations: Learning common collocations, or word combinations, that are frequently used in academic English can enhance fluency and precision in writing and speaking.5. Academic Jargon: Each academic discipline has its own specialized vocabulary and jargon. Understanding and using discipline-specific terminology is important for communicating effectively within a particular field of study.IV. Writing Skills1. Organization: Academic writing often follows a specific organizational structure, such as introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Understanding how to organize ideas and arguments coherently is essential in academic writing.2. Citations and Referencing: Academic writing requires the use of citations and referencing to acknowledge sources and avoid plagiarism. Understanding different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago, is important in academic writing.3. Critical Thinking: Academic writing often requires critical thinking and analysis. This includes evaluating and synthesizing sources, developing a strong thesis, and constructing well-supported arguments.4. Cohesion and Coherence: Academic writing should be cohesive and coherent, with clear connections between ideas and paragraphs. This includes using transition words, pronouns, and parallel structures to create flow and unity.5. Style and Tone: Academic writing often requires a formal and objective style, with a focus on clarity and precision. This includes avoiding subjective language, slang, and contractions, and using a consistent tone throughout the writing.V. Speaking Skills1. Pronunciation: Clear pronunciation is important for effective communication in academic settings. This includes understanding stress, intonation, and rhythm in English speech.2. Fluency: Developing fluency in speaking, including the ability to speak at a natural pace, without hesitation, repetition, or grammatical errors, is important in academic English.3. Academic Presentations: Giving effective academic presentations requires skills in organizing content, engaging the audience, using visual aids, and speaking clearly and confidently.4. Discussion and Debate: Participating in academic discussions and debates requires the ability to express opinions, support arguments, and engage in dialogue with others in a respectful and persuasive manner.5. Listening Skills: Developing strong listening skills, including the ability to understand complex lectures, presentations, and discussions, is important for academic success.VI. ConclusionAcademic English encompasses a wide range of language skills and knowledge points, including grammar, vocabulary, writing, and speaking skills. Developing strong academic English skills is essential for success in academic settings, as well as for effective communication in professional and scholarly contexts. By understanding and mastering these key knowledge points, students and scholars can enhance their proficiency in academic English and improve their academic performance.。
英语学术英语写作
下面我们将引言部分的写作，引言释意为introduction。
2.1引言是学术论文写作的起始部分，是论文的导语，也是对全文结构内容的总体规划。
一个好的引言能够引人入胜，激起同行甚至一些非专业人士对文章的阅读兴趣，因而，引言是学术写作中的一个重要部分，也是最难写的部分之一。
所以如果想要写好引言，首先要开门见山，不绕圈子。
第二要言简意赅，第三回顾历史要有重点，第四尊重科学实事求是。
第五就是前言的内容部应该与摘要相同。
The introduction is the initial of academic paper writing is the lead .But also on the content and structure of the overall outline. If you want to write the preface, the first thing is to clarify the goals and tasks of this part of writing. Simple and clear explanation of the author of the study. The purpose of the work scope the theoretical basis research methods. experimental design. expect results meaning and so on. Now pay attention to the following five points. First, come to the point ,do not beat around the bush. Second concise and comprehensive Third, review the history and the focus of attention, Forth respect for science, seek truth from facts, Fifth the content should not be the same with the summary.2.2引言部分的功能室引导读者对作者所研究的领域从概括性了解深入到具体问题，引言的导航作用体现在要让读者理解作者的写作目的，以及论文将要涉及的范围，理解当前研究的课题的意义和价值。
SCI论文写作干货拆解Introduction的写作套路！
SCI论文写作干货拆解Introduction的写作套路！Introduction是论文的序幕，目的是向读者介绍本研究的“前世今生”，既是对过去和现在研究的系统精炼性的介绍、评价和总结；又是对本篇研究工作的提纲挈领的总结，提出科学假说，概括研究方法和研究结果，突出研究的创新性和研究意义，从而进一步吸引读者兴趣。
Introduction可以理解为对本研究领域的Mini review，又是对作者研究内容和价值的概括，有高度的凝练性，可以很大程度上反映文章的水平，因此对作者的写作功底是极大的考验。
Introduction写作难度大，也绝不是高不可攀的。
接下来，我们将一一拆解SCI论文的Introduction部分的写作套路和句式句型，让您轻松写出精彩漂亮的Introduction。
第一部分Introduction的写作结构该怎么安排呢？Introduction占全文比例10-15%作用，字数控制在400-500字为宜。
大家牢记“起承转合”的四步心法框架结构和“漏斗式”的段落内容安排，给大家讲解最常用的框架内容涉及模式，让大家能轻松驾驭Introduction的写作。
Introduction提出科学问题、研究假说起①研究领域大范围、背景介绍（1段）与本课题的研究方向密切相关，从总体到局部，逐步细化。
做过哪些研究，有哪些手段和方法得出哪些结论综合性期刊，背景知识介绍要详尽、让非本研究领域读者看得懂专业性期刊，背景知识尽可能简略精当，围绕主题点到为止。
承②研究领域细化及未知空白的领域介绍具体某个研究点的研究现状，以及本研究聚焦点的重要性、必要性、迫切性、当下研究的局限性。
研究空白分：当前研究的不足、研究正确性的质疑与验证、当前研究的补充入手点：其一，技术、数据库、实验方案需要创新或者改良；其二，物质、功能、机制、现象有待进一步探索和发现。
转③提出科学问题以及本文的科学假说、目的（1段）本文的研究目的和重要性，有针对性地对研究空白提出解决方案。
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Research work
In this note, similar to a macroscale model in which a crack is understood as a double cantilever beam, we apply the gradient elasticity theory to treat a double cantilever nanobeam and examine the effect of the characteristic length on crack growth. It turns out that when the dimension of a beam falls in nano-order, the characteristic lengths decrease the energy release rate and stress intensity factor, and enhance apparent fracture toughness.
Research work The authors put forward their original ideal , and introduce their research work.
The crack is understood as a double cantilever beam, and the paper apply the gradient elasticity theory to treat a double cantilever nanobeam and examine the effect of the characteristic length on crack growth.
Background
since the discovery of carbon nanotubes, one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts with size-dependent bending stiffness or Young’s modulus have attracted much attention of researchers. The gradient elasticity theory has been used to derive the deflection-load relation and it gives a better understanding of the size-dependence of Young’s modulus of nanoscale beams [5–8]. Based on the gradient elasticity theory, the propagation characteristics of waves have been analyzed and wave dispersion can be reasonably understood for the small-to-medium range of wave numbers [9,10]. Vibration and buckling analysis of carbon nanotubes or nanowires have been dealt with via the gradient elasticity theory [1irst paragraph introduce the research object , the second paragraph summarize the current research success of others.
Vibration and buckling analysis of carbon nanotubes or nanowires have been dealt with via the gradient elasticity theory
Stress intensity factors of double cantilever nanobeams via gradient elasticity theory
Author: H. Zhang, X.F. Li, G.J. Tang, Z.B. Shen
NAME: STUDENT ID:
Thanks
Existing problem
3.Although great progress has been made in micro/nano-structural analysis, the analysis of structural integrity is a fundamental issue for safe use of micro-/nanostructures. In this field, there is a lot of experimental evidence showing prominently enhanced fracture toughness through the addition of various nano-sized particles in epoxy polymers [15–17]. This implies that the fracture toughness is dependent on nanoscale particles. In other words, there exists a difference for crack growth at macro and micro-/nano-scale.
Existing problem Through the turning words “although” , Point out the Existing problem of current research work.
There exists a difference for crack growth at macro and micro-/nano-scale.
Background
1.With the rapid development of nanotechnology, sizedependent material properties of carbon nanotubes and nanowires have been observed by experiments [1] and by molecular dynamics simulations [2]. Such size-dependent material properties cannot be interpreted using the classical linear theory of elasticity free of scale parameters. In order to characterize the size dependent material properties at nanoscale, some new theoretical models have been put forward. 2. The gradient elasticity theory originally presented by Mindlin [3] is one of continuum models describing the size effect[4]. Many researches on elasticity problems related to the gradient elasticity theory have been done and mainly focus on two- and three-dimensional media. In particular,