杰克_伦敦的英雄主义情结
杰克伦敦的浪漫主义情结
哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文从巴克的多重性格看《野性的呼唤》中杰克·伦敦的浪漫主义情结学生姓名张忠彦指导教师张泳专业英语学院外语学院2014年04 月12 日Harbin University of CommerceGraduation ThesisJack London’s Romantic Complex Perceived from Buck’s Multiple Personality inThe Call of the WildStudent Zhang ZhongyanSupervisor Zhang YongSpecialty English LanguageSchool School of Foreign LanguagesApril 12, 2014毕业论文任务书毕业论文审阅评语毕业论文审阅评语毕业论文答辩评语及成绩摘要《野性的呼唤》作为杰克·伦敦著名的动物小说之一，最能体现作者探索自我和追求自由的浪漫主义情结。
他的这种浪漫主义情结主要体现在他典型的个人主义，对大自然的热爱，对自由的追求和对爱的渴望。
从主人公巴克的多重性格视角，通过对其抗争和反叛精神，自我矛盾，自我解放及渴望自由的性格分析来解读杰克伦敦的浪漫主义情结，对于研究作者传奇的人生及其作品具有引导意义。
关键词：杰克·伦敦；浪漫主义情结；《野性的呼唤》；巴克AbstractThe Call of the Wild is one of jack London’s famous animal novel. This romantic complex is mainly reflected in his typical individualism, love of nature, the pursuit of freedom and the longing for love. This novel can best reveal London’s romantic complex of self-exploration and the pursuit of freedom. This article, from the hero B uck’s multiple personality perspective, is through the struggle and the rebellious spirit, self contradiction, emancipation and the desire for freedom of Buck’s personality feature to interpret Jack London’s romantic complex, which has an instructive significance to study the author’s legendary life and his works.Key words:Jack London; romantic complex; The Call of the Wild; BuckContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1 In trod u c ti on (1)2 Jack London’s Romantic Complex (4)2.1 American Romanticism (4)2.2 Jack London’s Romantic Complex (5)3 Buck’s Multiple Personality (9)3.1 Spirit of Rebellion and Belief of the Survival of the Fittest (9)3.2 The Desire for Freedom and Nature (13)4 Jack London’s Romantic Complex and Its Reflection on Jack London (18)Conclusion (22)Bibliography (25)Acknowledgements (27)1 IntroductionThe Call of the Wild is London’s most popular work and is considered the masterpiece of his so-called “early period.” H.L.Menken wrote of London’s story: “No other popular writer of his time did any better writing than you will find in The Call of the Wild” (Doctorow 4).As Doctorow points out, it is good episodic writing that embodies the style of magazine adventure writing popular in that period. “It leaves us with satisfaction at its outcome, a story well and truly told”(Pizer 107).Jack London is one of the most outstanding and active writers in the age of American Realism. The Call of the Wild was published in 1903,which secured London a place in the canon of American literature.In the early 19 century, America began the west expansion, and the territory soon expanded to the west coast of California. The unprecedented gold rush not only stimulated the westward expansion but also boosted the development of the west of American. Before the gold rush, gold was also discovered near Los Angeles and in southern California. Due to the backward economy, the Indians did not attach much importance to gold. Because the limit of communication with other states, the news of discovery of gold could not spread widely.While in California, the immi grants’ coming improved the native economy, and they all saw the profit. That is why people from all over the world came here. The Gold Rush began on January 24,1848 when gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in many people coming from the rest of the United States and all abroad.By 1897,Jack London had traveled around the United States and returned toCalifornia. He then sailed to the Klondike by way of Alaska during the hei9ght of the Klondike Gold Rush and this was the setting for some of his first successful stories. “It was in Klondike I found myself”(Barnes 23).He said the experience later. London stayed in the Klondike for almost a year, however, he developed scurvy and returned to San Francisco because fresh produce was unavailable in the Arctic winter.In Alaska, London found the material that inspired him to write the novel The Call of the Wild. The road to Klondike is too steep and harsh for the prospectors to navigated the only route the White Pass, which became known as “Dead Horse Pass”, where horse carcasses littering the road. Therefore dogs replaced horses to transport material over the pass, and at that time strong dogs with thick fur were “much desired, sc arce and high in price”(Barnes 301).London would have seen many sled dogs in his journey. And later he wrote a letter to his friend Marshall Latham Bond, who possessed a mixed St. Bernard-Scotch Collie dog, “Yes, Buck is based on your dog at Dawson”(Tavenier 242). He first proposed a story about his adventure in Alaska to the San Francisco Bulletin but rejected ,and later he wrote a short story about a dog named Batard, who killed his master at the end of the story. Then London expected to write a short story companied to Batard, but he explained: “but it got away from me, and instead of 4000words it ran 32,000 before I could call a halt”(Labor 40).Although Jack London is regarded himself as realistic writer, but The Call of the Wild has a strong flavor of Romanticism. Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin demonstrates that while the c all is a “naturalistic, a mythical, and an archetypal novel, it is also a romantic book[in which] London created a world vibrantly alive [and through which his own] passionate love of municates itself to even the most jaded reader”(6).London put special emphasis on imagination and illusion. The title, The Call of the Wild is veryly rical, giving an infinite imagination. The description such as “wilderness Aurora borealis cold shining overhead, sometimes beating in the dance, the stars and the earth under the ice and snow in cold numbed and froze”(105), has a very strong sentiment, and the language is very elegant and beautiful. The romanticism is not a general sense bluntly, but combined with realism. London took dog as the protagonist and endowed him human’s personality and experiences, in fact, the dog Buck’s multiple personality an d experiences are reflections of the writer’s romanticism complex.2 Jack London’s Romantic ComplexAlthough jack London was known as a realism writer, because of his growth environment, he had a personality with romantic feature. His life was full of romance, adventures which accompanied by his romantic complex. The romantic complex can be found mainly in his education, ideology, individualism, rebellious spirit and love of nature and the unremitting pursuit of dreams and freedom.2.1 American RomanticismRomanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originated in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s experience of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. The romantic period of American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. First, the American national experience of “pioneering into the west” proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. Second, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau’s Walden and, later,in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Third, with the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.2.2 Jack London’s Romantic ComplexAlthough Jack London is regarded as a realistic writer, living in America, a country which was built up from nothing with a romantic legend, London also has the national romantic personality and spirit of adventure. At the turn of the century, American is undergoing a tremendous change of turning the agricultural country to industrial power. While the social change brought by industrialization conflicts with American republican ideal, then the euphoria will come disappointment, and the feeling of unease begins to trouble the whole nation. And, people widely desire for returning back to the traditional society, for getting rid of the restraint of civilization and withdrawing from society and live in solitude. This also has provided the soil for London’s romanticism.London lived in a romantic life, in which his romantic personalities were involved. “Strikingly handsome, full of laughter, restless and courageous to a fault, always eager for adventure on land or sea, he was one of the most attractive and romantic figure of his time”(http///JLStory.html). His romanticism reflects on the following aspects. First, he is a typical Individualism which is one of American personality features. And his individualism stems from a kind of inferiority complex andsense of shame as the identity of an illegitimacy. In order to shake off them, he quests for success at all costs and tries to make everything perfect. It seems that only in this way he can realizes his value, but at the same time, he stepped into idealism, trying to create an ideal world. From his family background which was full of fervent dream, he greatly took after his parents. His father, Professor W.H. Chaney was a faithful astrologer and he spent most of life time on astrology. And for all we know, astrology was a metaphysical subject, which was non-rational and impractical. But Chaney perceived it as the right science and regarded it as his faith. In order to promote astrology, he can make free public speech, free tuition for students even spent his own money. This was his idealism, also his subjective perception on nature. Although he didn’t admit father-child relationship with London, they are amazingly like. To London’s mother, she was not only a astrologer but also zealous for séance, announcing to communicate with the death. She was quite an idealist. Born in the family like that, though London did not live with his father, but with his mother, a romanticism who gave the priority to her won faith and ideal, no matter from the blood relationship or family relationship, he had inherited romantic gene. From the educational aspect, despite his lack of a formal education, his desire and pursuit for knowledge was endless. From the age of eight, he found his lifetime friend---book, and some of them had played decisive role in his life, such as “Alhambra” by Irving Stone; Garfield’s Biography; Ouida’s long Victorian novel “Signa”, a lyrical tale telling about a pair of Italian farm girl and an illegitimate child of street artists who grow up poor become great composer in Italy, “While London practice the story naturally”(Irving 8).London also credited this as the seed of his literary success. We can see it clearly that these are the books about sailing, traveling, adventure, expedition, all having extremely strong romantic color. And in his ninety days of hunting seals, he repeatedly read Melvi lle’s Moby Dick, a representative work of romantic writer. His mostromantic feature dwelled in his deepest love for nature and freedom. From his life we can see that he was eager to seek adventure and enjoyed the excitement and thrill that nature brought. And He adopted the romantic philosophical ideas from Nietzsche, an ultra-romantic individualist, and the idea of Marxism in a well-developed capitalistic country.The romantic personality had accompanied London throughout his life. “At the turn of the century, the transition of the old and the new, his name has become synonymy for striving for fame and romantic adventure”(Irving 9).From nothing to becoming the highest paid and best known novelist in American at that time, Jack London’s, in itself, was a Cinderella-type of romantic story.As a illegitimacy, Jack London was born poor and he had to work since childhood to support the family. In order to get high income, he became oyster pirate in his teens and began his adventurous sea journey at seventeen. After he also had experienced being coal worker and hobo. After the beginning of the Klondike Gold Rush, London also followed the crowd, although no gold was brought, the experience provided valuable sources for his writing.In making friends, London always kept the romantic style. He was kind and hospitable, and never doubted anyone around, even to the man whom he had never met. Julian Hawthorne introduce him in Los Angeles Observer and said: “Take a look at Mr. London is enjoyable. He is like a great bear, simple and straightforward”(Irving 177). He was quite willing to help people who ask for help expecting nothing return. There were many “like-minded” friends on his boat when he began his sailing. And he gave them reasonable wages, even to the boy who learned to cook in order to get on the boat.In addition, the most romantic feature in his personality was the deep love for nature. Irving Stone made an evaluation in Sailor on Horseback, “He loves nature, not only forthe beauty, but her strength, the t errible force of governing mankind”(66). We can see that London, not only loved nature but also adored her beauty and vitality. His love for the sea was a best reveal. At the age of fourteen, he saved money and bought a small boat. For the dream of “sleeping on the sea”, he spent one year on the work that common one can not suffer. He named his autobiography Sailor ion Horseback, in which the “sailor” was intentional aiming at expressing his enthusiasm and love of the sea. Both the “sea”and “sailor”were the symbol of freedom and dream. Close to the “horse” and “sea” indicated his infinite love for nature and the desire for blending in nature. As he wished, he was buried on the dome after his death, where he would be together with the nature. Besides, he had a special kind of complex for Wolf and even called himself “wolf”. He has a fanatical worship to wolf so that he built the Wolf House at all costs. Wolf is the symbol of primitive nature and ferity, also the symbol of conquering nature.His life was full of dreams and he fought for them all his life even at the cost of his li fe. For the dream of “sleep on the sea”, he began his marine adventure as a teenager and worked as a sailor to hunt the seal in uninhabited area near the Arctic; For his socialism, h e became a hobo, even was arrested; For his “Golden Dream”, he fought with the astringent nature; For traveling around the world, he invested heavily to build ships; And for his Wolf House, he gave all he had. His desire and pursuit for the dream has never stopped.3Buck’s Multiple Personality The Call of the Wild is jack London’s most famous animal novel, through the description of the hero B uck’s character change and growth from a gentle dog into a pack leader of wolves, embodies the real psychological journey of Jack London himself. The spirit of rebellion against the real oppression and the pursuit of freedom, love of nature, the longing for love on Buck character is also a reflection of jack London’s romantic character.3.1 Spirit of Rebellion and Belief of the Survival of the FittestAs a work with romanticism, Jack London used a lot of ink to create a strong image of super dog, Buck, who dared to face up with the reality, had a better perspective on life and was filled with the spirit of resistance and passion of fight. This image also gave an illustration of “Natural Selection and Survival of the F ittest”.At the beginning of the story, the author puts an implication to the protagonist’s life-changing opportunity that people discovered gold in Klondike and men were dragged from all over the world into the frozen North. Because the road to the Klondike is in terrible condition, and horses are not available, so dogs became an important replacement as a transport, especially the dogs like Buck with thick fur were much desired, scarce and high in price. On his return to the primitive, buck had experienced the ordeal and showed his spirit of rebellion and beliefs of the survival of the fittest.His first resistance happened when being sold to the dealers and beaten with a club. Buck was born in California judge Miller’s place, living in a big house. But later wasabducted by the gardener, and put into the crate. After two days and nights’ experience on the car, Buck neither drank nor ate, his anger waxed and waxed. The ill treatment had flung him into a fever and drove him into a red-eyed devil. When being took out of the crate by a man with the red sweater, he flew into a rage. “Buck rushed at the splintering wood, sinking his teeth into it, s urging and wrestling with it”(8). When he was struck by the club, he was confused, shocked and even more anger, but never gave in until he was beaten unconscious. “He was beaten(he knew that);but he was not broken”(10).This was also the first lesson he had learned that club was a introduction to the reign of primitive law and “a man with a club was a law giver, a master to be obeyed, though not necessarily conciliated”(Ibid,10). He knew that it was facts of life. The second rebellion comes from his asking for the leadership when he defeated Spitz. But Francois, his master, brought Sol-leks to the coveted position. This time he by no means compromised and he was in open revolt though facing the master’s club. After an hour’s circling round with Francois, he got it with satisfaction. Another was to revolt against persecution of his masters, Hal and Charles. The team was desperately exhausted and all lay on the ground after a hard bad treated run when they arrived at John Thornton’s camp. Thornton told Hal that the bottom of the river was likely to drop out any moment and not to get moving any more, but instead of taking his advice, Hal got it alone and even lashed the dogs to get up with his whip. The team struggled to get up under Hal’s whipping, except Buck. “He lay quietly where he had fallen. The lash bit into him again and again, but he neither whined nor struggled”(67).He made up his mind no to get up even under the rain of heavier blows of club. This is not like his teammates. In the face of might and violence, Buck fully showed no surrendering and the spirit of rebellion against the injustice. At the end of the story, Buck became the leader of the wolves and completed the rebellion to human and a spiritual distillation, which gave the image a profound meaning: First, hewas free from human’s rule and defeated the governor; second, he found his freedom and dignity; moreover, returned to the wild and revived ethnic nature.Buck had a strong sense of “survival of the fittest”. In order to adapt to a frozen and snow-covered land, he learned various survival skills. And this sense of survival was well demonstrated when he had his life on the Dyea beach. He saw fiercer fight between dogs and Curly’s death shocked him. He learned the lesson: “No fair play. Onc e down, that was the end of you.”(67)He must learn how to survive. Before he recovered from the tragic passing of Curly, he faced another problem of sleeping. Being kept out of the tent, the chill wind smashed him and the frost drove him shivering to his feet. Finally he came up with an idea that he returned and saw how his teammates made it out. He discovered Billee, who curled up under the snow in a snug ball. He got it and dug a hole for himself. Due to heavy labor and the cold in the north, most of the time Buck was in hungry besides that his unfinished ration was robbed by teammates. To fill the stomach, he watched and learned what others did. He also became a thief. “The first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions, the lack of which would have meant swift and terrible death”(22). He had to accommodate himself to the new mode of life. He was a quick learner of using tricks and plot, which was best revealed when he competed mastership with Spitz. After won the battle, he fought for his victory and demonstrated that he was really a good leader. He led the team made a record run, each day for fourteen days they had averaged forty miles. He had wolf’s cunning, a wild cunning and shepherd intelligent. There was a rarely description about his ability and skills in the story. “He saw the movement, or heard sound, and responded in less time than another dog required to compass the mere seeing or hearing”(95). Another vivid detail was that“He knew how to take advantage of every cover, to crawl on his belly like asnake, and like a snake to leap and strike. He could take a ptarmigan fromits nest, kill a rabbit as it slept, and snap in mid air the little chipmunksfleeing a second too late for the trees.” (Ibid,95)All this evidently show that Buck had the ability to survive in the wild north.Contrasting with London’s experience and thought, it is no difficulty to find that he reposed his own spiritual sustenance and pursuit in the image of Buck. Buck’ s resistance to human was London’s feeling of rebelling the society; Buck was anger to challenge human and killed “the noblest game of all”, which was right the intensification of London’s thought of overthrowing the capitalist rule and oppression. The cruel life environment Buck had lived in and his struggling with life are exactly what Jack London had. Born in the working class, London lived on a ranch in California and his environment was crude and rough and raw. At ten years of age, he became a newsboy on the street and began to support the family. When he was sixteen years, he earned the title of “The Prince of the Oyster Pirates” and owned his first boat and crew. But not for long, His crew set fire to the mainsail and totally destroyed it because of carelessness. He was bankrupted and continued to be exploited by other capitalists. “I was a sailor before the mast, a longshoreman, a roustabout; I worked in canneries, and factories, and laundries; I mowed lawns, and cleaned carpets, and washed windows. And I never got the full product of my toil”(14).The employer made him to work two men’s work, but the men he displaced had received forty dollars each month while he was doing the work of both for thirty dollars per month. Although he did not resent this, too much work sickened him. He became a tramp, wandering over the country. He knew that he was in the cellar of the society and suffered the oppression of the capitalists, but he was confident to face the reality instead of falling into desperation. He was scared into thinking and keptchallenging life even it was unpredictable and full of uncertainty. London had experienced numerous hardships, working nearly to death, getting scurvy when panning for gold in the North, being arrested as a hobo, exc. All this had honed his will but did not kill his passion. Rich life experiences brought him suffering also brought him subject matter for his writing. And even in the hardest time, he did not give up reading books and working on writing. His unyielding character and continuous struggle to life and difficulties helped him to succeed.3.2 The Desire for Freedom and NatureBuck has a strong desire for wild and yearning for freedom before he stepped into the northland and this indicated the unruly side of his personality. From the sunny South to the frozen and cold North, Buck entered the primitive which was far from human civilization. Soon he adapted to the Northern life which is full of challenge and fell in love with it. The animal spirit constantly revived and he can feel the call of the ancestor and the great appealing of the forest. The scene of describing his chasing the snowshoe rabbit in the book is full of power and vigor:Leading the pack, sounding the old wolf cry, straining after the food thatwas alive and that fled swiftly before him through the moonlight. He wassounding the deeps of his nature, and of the parts of his nature that weredeeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. He was mastered by thesheer surging of life, the tidal wave of being, the perfect joy of eachseparate muscle, joint, and sinew in that it was everything that was notdeath, that it was aglow and rampant, expressing itself in movement, flyingexultantly under the stars and over the face of dead matter that did not move.(37-38)This is the perfect union of primal vitality and ferity beauty. The pursuit of life is so spectacular which embodies the individual intelligence and ability and is a healthy and sound spirit.London mentioned a mysterious call for many times in the story, and the call also gradually became clear and strong from vague as Buck was more closed to the wild. The call first came out when Buck stepped into the North and learned by experience in the team and his long dead instincts became alive. In vague way, he remembered back to the youth of his ancestor and discovered the tricks he inherited. The old wolf cry Buck sounded and the ecstasy he enjoyed while he was chasing the snowshoe rabbit also indicated the wild call. He felt released and free, a surging of life. The call filled him with a great unrest and strange desires when he found the hair y man. “It caused him to feel a vague, sweet gladness, and he was aware of wild yearnings and stirrings for he knew not what.”And the howling of the wolf allured him and this time the call was clearer than before and that’s what he sought for at all times ,and it was so strong that he answered the call. After Thornton’s death , the mysterious call was completely unveiled. Actually, Buck ’s reaction to the call is an intense desire to return to the nature rather than instinct.Throughout his life, London had been sought for spiritual freedom and the love for nature. The most romantic feature in his character is his deep love for nature. “He loved nature, not only for the beauty, but for her strength, her ruling force of all mankind”(66). Irving Stone evaluated Jack London in Sailor on Horseback. His love for sea demonstrates this well. At the age of fourteen, he earned money through unbearable work to buy a boat, only for his dream of “sleep on the sea” and even called his autobiography Sailor on Horseback aiming at expressing his great love for the sea. Both the sea and sailors are a symbol of freedom and dream. After the death of Jack London, inaccordance with his wishes his ashes were buried on the dome that belonged to the Wolf House, marked by only a mossy boulder. He also claimed himself a Wolf, a symbol of primitive and wild. We can see his love for nature in many of his work, especially in The Call of the Wild. There was many descriptions about the legendry north landscape. For example, the scene that Buck led the wolves running under the moonlight was full of romantic and imaginational color.“When the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meatinto the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the end of the packthrough the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic abovehis fellows, his great throat a-bellow as he sings a song of the youngerworld, which is the song of the pack.”(105)In addition, he had a thirst for knowledge and writing. Since the day he found the Oakland Public Library, he felt not lonely any more. The books had became his friends and no matter how busy and hard life is, he can always found the time to read. He was constantly reading and writing, thinking and refining his soul. This is his desire for spiritual freedom. Another event demonstrated his desire as well. London wrote from a socialist viewpoint, which is evident in his novel The Iron Heel. As a socialist, he bluntly gave his opinions though socialist ideology was a taboo in American that time. His views were influenced by his experience with people at the bottom of the social pit. He dreamed of creating an ideal world, but the result was disappointed him. In his Glen Ellen ranch years, London felt some ambivalence toward socialism and complained about the “inefficient Italian labourers” (Kershaw 245) in his employ. In 1916, he resigned from the Glen Ellen chapter of the Socialist Party.。
文学家杰克伦敦的简介
文学家杰克伦敦的简介杰克·伦敦，美国著名的现实主义作家，是最受中国读者欢迎的外国作家之一。
下面是店铺搜集整理的文学家杰克伦敦的简介，希望对你有帮助。
文学家杰克伦敦的简介杰克·伦敦(Jack London，1876年1月12日--1916年11月22日)，原名为约翰·格利菲斯·伦敦(John Griffith London)，生于旧金山。
在一个既无固定职业又无固定居所的家庭中长大。
24岁开始写作，去世时年仅40岁。
从1900年起，他连续发表和出版了许多小说，讲述美国下层人民的生活故事，揭露资本主义社会的罪恶。
他的作品大都带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。
他的一生著述颇丰，16年中留下了19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说以及大量文学报告集，还写了3个剧本以及相当多的随笔和论文。
最著名的有《马丁·伊登》、《野性的呼唤》、《白牙》、《热爱生命》、《海狼》、《铁蹄》等小说。
因此被誉为商业作家的先锋。
克伦敦的文学之路远航归来他把自己的经历写成了一篇散文《日本海口的台风》，参加了《呼声》杂志的写作竞赛，获得了第一名，得到奖金二十元(第二、三名都是大学生)。
只受过小学教育的杰克·伦敦第一次显露出他的创作才能，这要归功于他平时的勤奋学习——他认真阅读文学大师们的优秀作品，并且养成了作笔记的习惯。
也许他便是受此鼓励，走上文学之路的。
这时杰克·伦敦已经从早期的蒙昧里醒悟过来。
他立志掌握当时最先进的技术：电气，便到奥克兰电车公司去求职。
他对经理说他为了掌握技术什么苦都肯吃。
经理让他一天干活十三个小时，没有星期天，把他累的死去活来。
后来他才知道实际上有两个工人被他顶去了工作，那两人每月各四十元，共是八十元，而他一个月才拿三十元。
而且一个被他顶去了工作的人因为有一妻三子要养活，却又无法为生，自杀了。
这对于杰克·伦敦是一次极其深刻的教训，他愤然抛下了手里的煤铲。
杰克伦敦的三则小故事
杰克伦敦的三则小故事１、开平方──杰克·伦敦的幽默一天，美国作家杰克·伦敦收到了一位贵族小姐的求爱信：亲爱的杰克·伦敦，你有美好的名誉，我有高贵的地位，两者加起来，再乘上万能的黄金，足以使我们建立起连天堂都不能比拟的美满家庭。
杰克·伦敦在回信中写道：根据你列出的那道爱情公式，我看还要开平方才有意义，而我们两个的心就是它们的平方根；可是很遗憾，这个平方根开出来的却是负数。
２、杰克·伦敦冒充水手１９０２年８月，伦敦东区的贫民窟里来了一个穷汉，他自称是流浪的美国水手。
从他的谈吐、摇摇晃晃的姿势和一身破烂的衣服看，人们断定他确实是个穷水手。
这个水手待人热情，善于交际，愿意和一切人交朋友，什么都想知道。
白天，他出没于工人家庭和难民收容所。
他和难民一起排队领面包，同穷汉们一起躺在街市上或公园里，不停地和人们聊天。
人们都很喜欢这个水手，乐于把心里话告诉他。
到了晚上，这个水手就躲到一个人们不知道的地方，把他看到、听到、想到的一切都记下来。
三个月后，这个水手提着一个手提箱回到了美国。
不久，根据箱子里的素材写成的特写《深渊中的人们》出版了。
作品令人信服地揭露了英国资产阶级对工人阶级的残酷剥削。
你知道这个冒充的穷水手是谁吗？原来他是美国著名的进步小说家杰克·伦敦。
他出生在一个破产农民家庭里，青少年时代是在穷苦中度过的。
成为作家后，他更加注意接触社会生活，常与农民、流浪汉、乞丐交往，并详细记录他们的谈话，为他的小说创作积累了大量的素材。
纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。
《深渊中的人们》的创作成功告诉我们这样一个道理：有深刻的体验才可能有生动的作品。
３、小纸条成了百宝囊──杰克·伦敦读书法凡是到过美国作家杰克·伦敦家中的人都觉得很奇怪：窗帘上、衣架上、柜厨上、床头上、镜子上、墙上到处贴满了形形**的小纸条，初到他的房间里的人还以为那是什么特殊的装饰品呢。
热爱生命杰克伦敦语句
热爱生命杰克伦敦语句
热爱生命杰克伦敦语句
《热爱生命》是19世纪末20世纪初美国小说家杰克·伦敦创作的中篇小说。
下面就是小编整理的热爱生命杰克伦敦语句，一起来看一下吧。
1、人和花都是不幸的，但生命是无止境的。
2、生命如流水，只有在他的急流与奔向前去的时候，才美丽，才有意义。
3、尊重生命、尊重他人也尊重自己的生命，是生命进程中的伴随物，也是心理健康的一个条件。
4、人生有两出悲剧：一是万念俱灰，另一是踌躇满志。
5、懂得生命真谛的人，可以使短促的生命延长。
6、不要以感伤的眼光去看过去，因为过去再也不会回来了，最聪明的办法，就是好好对付你的现在--现在正握在你的`手里，你要以堂堂正正的大丈夫气概去迎接如梦如幻的未来。
7、使一个人的有限的生命，更加有效，也即等于延长了人的生命。
8、应该笑着面对生活，不管一切如何。
9、盛年不重来，一日难再晨。
10、生命，只要你充分利用，它便是长久的。
11、在我们了解什么是生命之前，我们已将它消磨了一半。
12、人生不售来回票，一旦动身，绝不能复返。
13、人生应该如蜡烛一样，从顶燃到底，一直都是光明的。
14、人生的价值，即以其人对于当代所做的工作为尺度。
15、生命，那是自然会给人类去雕琢的宝石。
16、生命不等于是呼吸，生命是活动。
17、生命是一条艰险的狭谷，只有勇敢的人才能通过。
18、一个伟大的灵魂，会强化思想和生命。
19、世界上只有一种英雄主义，那就是了解生命而且热爱生命的人。
杰克·伦敦 面对失败和贫穷_名人故事素材
杰克·伦敦面对失败和贫穷
杰克·伦敦自幼家境贫寒，但他雄心勃勃为自己设计了一个做大作家、用笔杆子改造社会的远大前程。
为了当作家，他在中学补课一年，然后考入加利福利亚大学，但因难以支付学费，只读了半年就辍学了。
失学并没有动摇他当作家的决心，他改变主意，以社会为学习的课堂，更加孜孜不倦地学习。
达尔文、马克思、尼采等的作品使他学会思考；莎士比亚、歌德、巴尔扎克等的作品使他学会写作。
他开始写稿投稿，但却一次次地被退回。
可他并不灰心。
生活困难，就靠典当过日子，挤时间写。
白天时间不够就晚上写；勤奋地做笔记，搞索引，抄卡片。
终于在1890年发表了处女作《给猎人》，后来名著累累，成为一名大作家。
分析：艰难困难，玉汝于成！杰克·伦敦的经历只不过把人类几千年来的经验和真理再实践了一遍而已。
话题：“挫折”“决心”“成才的途径”。
简评杰克伦敦的浪漫主义情结
4Evaluation of Jack London’s Romantic ComplexThe romantic complex of individualism, love of nature, the pursuit of freedom and the longing for love is always accompanied the legendry life of jack London and has a great influence in his life and his works.For his personal, the most obvious influence is his extreme individualism and romantic personality, which made his life and led to his tragedy life on the other side. Jack London was born poor as an illegitimate child, which constrained him to work when he was very young. In order to shake off the sense of shame as an illegitimate child, he worked hard and hoped to become a capitalist. Jack London had a lot of dreams and he struggled for each of his dreams, even if it was a dream he also wanted to make it perfect; even if some were unable to achieve; even if the dreams called for the cost of life. He had been a newsboy, an oyster thief, coal workers and also had an experience of hobo. In order to realize the dream of “sleep on the sea”, he began marine adventure at teenage, with young fearlessness to become famous “prince of oyster thief”;then had been the maritime patrol inspector, a dangerous business more than pirate; just after 17 years old birthday, he enlisted in sailor and hunted the seal near the Sea of Japan and the Bering Strait, uninhabited area closed to Arctic; for the dream of his socialist, he can be a hobo, even was in prison; for his golden dream, he crossed the turbulent stream, climbed hillside of ice and snow, surmounted the dazzling glaciers, engage in a deadly struggle for survival with nature. All these adventures and suffering did not stop him from success, on the contrary, provided a rich material for his writing.As the continuous success in literary, Jack London also gradually stepped into the luxury of upper class life, also had been in contact with the capitalists, and had quite different understanding to the “civilized society” which had gained from books. Bing Stan Ross said, “Amazingly, he accepted the prevailing fashion view: a man must be able to defeat all challenges from making money than the rich, make more at the same time also can get rich”. (London 71) In his rich days, his life was always full of adventure. He bought real estate, pasture, cattle ranches, planted trees, built luxury yachts, spent a huge sum of money to build luxury villa “the Wolf H ouse” . But hewas a poor entrepreneur. He always failed of the forest farm ranch. In spite of his high fee income, he was always living beyond his means. The years of life more and more annoyed him. He and his wife divorced, but found a new wife actually had the same problem as the original wife; His beloved daughter loves her mother, and his alienation; His luxury villa “the Wolf House” w as suddenly on fire, and brought him a large amount of debt; Four hundred thousand saplings he planted all died; His thoroughbred horses and pigs, cattle and sheep on the ranch also dead. These failure was inseparable with his kind and easy-going personality. He never doubt anyone. His mother always secretly sold his draft and copyright. There was always someone cut corners to make unjust gain from it when built ranches and the “Wolf House”. But he believed them, always very tolerant to them. At last he burned out, and caused a lot of problem in which one of the most troubled was uremia. Extreme psychological loneliness and physiological pain made him drink, indulged in alcohol, and was difficult to extricate himself. In the end he chose suicide, ended his legendary life.Besides Jack London’s adventure also attracted many Americans, especially his experience in Alaska. He only spent a short period of time in the North, but he had made the Alaska’s charming story. He yearned for the cold, pursued the wild. London clearly knew the Alaska winter but still chose to experience “the pleasure of suffering, and the novelty of danger”. He said:“The original power of the world is mysterious, horror, and full of danger. Nature is no feelings, no mercy, no pity. We are just a puppet without eyes controlled by this strong and irrational power. I want to be a beautiful meteor, rather than a sleeping planet. Every atom of mine can blossom a magic spark. Man’s mission is to live, not exist. I don’t spend time to think about how to prolong life all day, I want to burn every day”. (Sinclair 122)Inspired by him, many people after choose to Alaska to seek inner silence or purely get in touch with nature. Many movies are filmed in Alaska, such as “Into the wild”, “Snow Dogs” and “Ice Bound”.Jack London was a very writer with complicated ideology. London almost accepted all the ideas which had influence on the society at that time, in addition London had not receive any formal education systematically, which created his ideological beliefs complex and contradictory. Under the influence of Nietzsche’sthought, he became such a pursuit of individualism and self liberation of personality. He absorbed the Marxist’s socialism, being a socialist and made several speech. At that time of the United States, the socialism is taboo, but London always bluntly spoke his mind and declared: “Seven million people of working class said: they join all the working class up to seize power”.(Irving 89) In London’s work, we often feel his worship of life itself, and the pursuit of the meaning of life and the original form and the spirit of freedom, especially frontier novels and animal novels based on his own adventure experience and imagination, appealed all readers from all walks of life, and also injected a new blood for the American literary world. The polar fiction was also called the story of the northern, taking the remote Alaska Klondike natural environment as the background, enabled us to know about the strange mysterious rich life of the people and the animals on the land, yet let we realize that the hardship they suffered, and know the value of gaining wealth with hard work. We saw many gut-wrenching experiences in “Sea Wolf”, although it had got through the reflection of the art. These novels reflected the anxiety of civilization and national identity crisis consciousness hidden in the heart of the American. It also reflected the Americans’ desire for the natural simplicity of life which had gone past. Jack London’s early fiction with wild flavor, bold powerful style, also gave a breath of fresh air into flagging American literature.The fiery character, and Jack London was such a character. He had fire in blood vessels, lively, manhood. He enjoyed bold hard life, preferred ride the whirlwind, and often fought to the end when attended struggle.His works, filled with dread bug out of life and masculinity, were most popular with men. Some people said that the American novel before are mostly written for girls, but London’s works belonged to all readers, not only ordinary readers, even girls were also like to put down the curtain and closed the door secretly to taste his works. There is no doubt that Jack London was one of the most influential novelists in the early 20th century, an outstanding realistic protoplasm after Twain. His excellent creation made American literary world unprecedentedly active, combining literary creation and life and society. As the critic Philip S. Foner pointed out: “There is no American writer like Jack London who is being clear and outstanding spokesman of The Times. Because he broke the ice of American literature, and produced meaningful connections between the literature and life”. (Wang Qinling 6)。
杰克·伦敦：绝不为苟活虚度光阴_名人故事
杰克·伦敦：绝不为苟活虚度光阴2016年是杰克·；伦敦逝世100周年，为了纪念这位文豪，2016年11月22日，人们聚集在美国旧金山北部的索诺玛县，向他长眠之地献上鲜花。
距墓地不远处是杰克当年的豪宅“狼巢”，墙上的字句清晰可辨：“我宁愿化为灰烬，也不愿做一粒尘埃；我宁愿做一颗超级流星，让自身的每一个原子都散发出夺目光芒，也不愿做永远昏睡的行星。
人的使命不是存在，而是好好去活，我要好好利用我的每分每秒，绝不为了苟活而虚度光阴。
”将所见所感熔铸于笔端杰克的个人经历和他的作品一样精彩。
还没有被写作改变命运之前，他只是个旧金山地区随处可见的、没怎么读过书的穷小子，但仅用了十来年，杰克就一跃成为“20世纪知名度最大、稿酬最高的作家之一”。
美國《史密森尼杂志》提到，1905年，已经小有名气的杰克花高价在旧金山附近买了一块农田，然后大兴土木，修建心中的“梦想之屋”。
“我将建筑我的梦想之屋，如果上帝允许，这座建筑将矗立于世，跨越千年。
”然而，就在工程竣工、他即将乔迁新居的前两天，一场大火将“狼巢”毁坏，至今没人能说清缘由。
3年后，心怀遗憾的杰克撒手人寰。
遵照遗嘱，人们把他安葬在离“狼巢”不远的巨石下。
狼是杰克最喜欢的动物，他把自己比作狼，把爱犬命名为“褐色狼”，经常用“狼”这个字做签名。
他的作品中充满了狼的印记，比如《狼的儿子》《海狼》《雪狼》，还有《野性的呼唤》《热爱生命》等作品对这种生灵的细致刻画。
在他笔下，狼永远是英武无畏、坚韧不拔的代名词，在严酷荒凉的北极世界顽强生存，与敌人殊死搏斗。
杰克笔下角色有狼一般的顽强生命力，这与他艰苦的青少年时期密切相关。
他一生都没有搞清父亲是谁，母亲福劳瑞是大户人家的女儿，但在怀上他后，因和父母产生矛盾离家出走，后嫁给退伍老兵约翰·；伦敦，杰克随之改姓。
1886年，年仅10岁的杰克遭遇家庭破产，被迫当了童工。
他卖过报、卸过货、当过水手，14岁那年开始在罐头厂上班，有时持续工作18到20个小时。
杰克伦敦《热爱生命》赏析
杰克伦敦《热爱生命》赏析杰克伦敦《热爱生命》赏析生与死，是人类历程中一个永恒的主题，对具体的个人来说，它只是一个过程，不同的人会用不同的语言去表述生命。
接下来店铺搜集了杰克伦敦《热爱生命》赏析，欢迎查看，希望帮助到大家。
故事讲述的是一名淘金者在返途中扭伤了脚腕，他的伙伴一一比尔无情地抛弃了他，他独自在荒原上寻找着出路。
脚伤让他每前进一步都非常困难，更可怕的是难以忍受的饥饿。
处于无奈，他将淘来的金沙全平均分成两份，将其中的一份小心翼冀地藏好，带着另外的一份继续艰难地前行。
在途中他珍藏自己的66根能给他生命希望的火柴，他的脚皮开肉绽每一步都拖着血印，他遇到了鹿和嘴里叼着松鸡的狐狸，但他手无寸铁，他掏干了水坑的水想抓鱼吃但屡屡失败。
在生与死的抉择中，他扔掉了所有的金沙。
就在他的身体极度虚弱的时候，他遇到了一只生病的狼。
他发现这只病狼在舔着他的血迹尾随着他。
就这样，两个濒临死亡的生灵拖着垂死的身躯，在荒原上互相猎取对方。
为了活着回去、为了战胜这匹令他作呕的病狼，最终在人与狼的战斗中人获得了胜利，他咬死了狼，喝了狼的血。
并最终获救。
一、整体把握这篇课文节选自美国著名小说家杰克·伦敦同名小说中的后半部分（结尾除外）。
作者以雄健、粗犷的笔触，细腻、逼真地叙述了一个身处绝境、濒临死亡的人，在顽强的求生意识和钢铁般的意志作用下，经过艰苦卓绝的搏斗，终于战胜了饥饿、伤病、寒冷以及野兽的威胁而起死回生的传奇故事。
小说中的主人公这个人是一个美国西部的淘金者，他在返回途中被朋友所抛弃，只好独自一人跋涉在渺无人烟的荒原上，不久他就陷入到了弹尽粮绝的困境中。
更不幸的是他的腿脚先后受伤，只能踉踉跄跄地行走在布满沼泽、丘陵与溪流，随时有野兽出没的荒原上。
在极度虚弱中，他发现有一匹病狼循着他的血迹紧紧跟随着他，显然是要把他作为猎物。
于是，这两个濒临死亡的生物在荒原上展开了一场互相猎取对方生命的生死搏斗。
最终他咬死了狼，吞咽下狼的血，让生命重新放射出光彩。
杰克_伦敦的英雄主义情结
西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2008年7月,第38卷第4期,J u.l,2008,V o.l38,N o.4Journal o fN o rt hwest U niversity(Phil osophy and Soc ial Sciences Editi on)收稿日期:2007 11 04;修回日期:2008 03 11基金项目:陕西省教育厅专项基金项目(05J K098)作者简介:焦建平(1957 ),女,陕西延川人,西北大学副教授,从事英美文学研究。
学术新视野!杰克∀伦敦的英雄主义情结焦建平(西北大学外国语学院,陕西西安 710069)摘 要:通过对杰克∀伦敦(Jack London)#北方系列故事∃中%英雄主义&主题的分析与探讨,认为杰克∀伦敦的小说整体上呈现一种充满英雄主义与%超人&色彩的面貌。
给予读者对于生命意义以非常积极的诠释。
有益于人们重新树立起尊重自然,热爱生命,不畏艰难困苦的人生态度。
以致成为今天%美国精神&的重要组成部分。
关键词:杰克∀伦敦;生存;英雄主义中图分类号:I106.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000 2731(2008)04 0174 03杰克∀伦敦(Jack London)的小说给我们的整体印象几乎是强悍甚至野性的。
在他的小说中我们很难见到故事发生地是恬静优美、花红柳绿的田野风光。
相反,他的故事大都以无垠的雪原,狂涛翻滚的大海等等艰苦而险恶的环境作为背景,在这里,生命呈现出了原生状的、如矿石般的本来面目,即残酷却鲜跳活剥。
身陷绝境的主人公们,表现出对待生命那种歇斯底里的渴望与挣扎,他们总能够在最后一刻,创造出绝地反击、绝处逢生的生命奇迹。
杰克∀伦敦笔下所塑造的一大群在生死场上角逐的胜利者形象,构成了他的%北方淘金系列故事&的英雄主题。
这也是杰克∀伦敦小说中最让人回味的重要部分。
事实上,在他的系列小说中,无论是#一块牛排∃中的老拳击手汤姆∀金,#热爱生命∃中的男子,还是#野性的呼唤∃中的雪橇狗布克,或是#海狼∃中的海狼∀赖生。
杰克·伦敦在《海狼》中的英雄主义和超人哲学
关键词 ：英雄主义 ；超人哲学 ；杰克 ・ 伦敦 ；性格特征 ；海狼拉森
中图分类号 ：Ｉ１６４ ０ ． 文献标志码 ：Ａ 文章编号 ：１７ －４ ９ ２ １ ）７０ １－２ ６２５０ （ ００ ０ －１００
杰 克 ・ 敦 （８６ １０ ） 是 美 国著 名 的现 伦 １７－ ９６ 实主义作 家 。他 站 在 否 定 资 本 主 义 社 会 制 度 的 高 度 ，对美 国社会黑 暗作 了有力 的批 判 ，对 劳动人 民 的悲惨生 活作 了生 动 的描 写 。他 出身贫苦 ，从小 就 靠 出卖 自己 的劳动 力过 活 ，做过童 工 、水 手 、当过 流浪 汉 ，也 曾去 北 方 淘 金 ，起 初 受 过 尼 采 思 想 影 响 ，继而又 向往空想 社会 主义。他一 生创作 了很多 优 秀的作 品 ，他的作 品独树 一帜 ，充满 筋 肉暴 突 的 生活 和阳刚 之气 。 《 狼 》 就 是 这 样 一 部 优 秀 之 海 作，它所呈现出来的那种英雄主义和超人主义恰如 其分的对生命意义给予了积极的诠释。杰克 ・ 伦敦 作 品 中的英 雄主 义主题 ，既来源 于作家对 于古希 腊 悲剧英雄们 的敬仰 与崇拜 ，也与后来 他所 接受 的尼 采的 “ 超人 ” 哲 学思 想 分不 开 ，而更 重 要 的则 要 归 于作 者 自身坎坷 复杂 的生活经历 。青 年 时期 他 就 有过 一段 流 浪 的 生 活 ， 以及 后 来 去 北 方 淘 金 的经 历 ，构 成 了 他 人 生 非 常 重 要 的 生 命 体 验 和 情 感 积淀 。 尼 采所 宣 称 的 “ 超人 ”是 在 他 宣 称 “ 帝 死 上 了，要对 一 切 传 统 道 德 文 化 进行 重估 ”的基 础 之 上 ，用新 的世 界 观 、人 生 观 构 建 新 的 价值 体 系 的 人 。超人具 有不 同于传 统的和流行 的道德 的一种 全 新 的道 德 ，是 最能体 现生命 意志 的人 ，是最具 有 旺 盛创造力的人 ，是生活中的强者。在 《 海狼》 中， 杰克 ・ 伦敦塑造的海狼拉森这一英雄人物形象正是
美文赏析：love-of-life-热爱生命-(杰克-伦敦著)
美文赏析：love-of-life-热爱生命-(杰克-伦敦著)美文赏析：love of life 热爱生命 (杰克•伦敦著)作品介绍：杰克•伦敦的《热爱生命》讲述的是这样一个故事：一个美国西部的淘金者在返回的途中被朋友抛弃了，独自跋涉在广袤的荒原上。
冬天逼近了，寒风夹着雪花向他袭来，他已经没有一点食物了，而且他的腿受了伤，鞋子破了，脚在流血。
他只能歪歪斜斜地蹒跚在布满沼泽、丘陵、小溪的荒原上，非常艰难地前行着。
就在他身体非常虚弱的时候，他遇到了一匹狼。
他发现这匹病狼跟在他的身后，舔着他的血迹尾随着他。
就这样，两个濒临死亡的生灵拖着垂死的躯壳在荒原上相互猎取对方。
为了活着回去、为了战胜这匹令他作恶的病狼，他最终咬死了狼并获救，使生命射出耀眼的光芒。
that day he decreased the distance between him and the ship by three miles the next day by two－for he was crawling now as bill had crawled and the end of the day found the ship still seven mailes away and him unable to make even a mile a day. still the indian summer held on, and he continued to crawl and faint ,turn and turn about and ever the sick wolf coughed and wheezed at his heels. his knees had become raw meat like his feet, and though he paddled them with the shirt from his back it was a red track he left behind him on the moss and stones. once , glancing back, he saw the wolf licking hungrily his bleeding trail, and he saw sharply what his own end might be－unless－unless he could get the wolf. then began as grim a tragedy of existence as was ever played －a sick man that crawled, a sick wolf that limped, two creatures dragging their dying carcasses across the desolation and hunting each others lives.这一天，他和那条船之间的距离又缩短了三英里，到了第二天，他又继续缩短了两英里－因为他现在就和比尔先生先前一样在地上匍匐前进，到了第五天晚上的时候，他发现那条船依然离他还有七英里的距离，而他每天的进程还不到一英里。
野性的呼唤导读
高中英文文学名著导读《野性的呼唤》（the call of the wild）一、关于作者（About the author）杰克·伦敦(Jack London,1876~1916)，美国著名的现实主义作家。
他一生著作颇丰，留有19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说三个剧本以及大量的文学报告集、随笔和论文。
其中最著名的代表作有《野性的呼唤》(The Callof the Wild)、《马丁·伊登》(Martin Eden)、《白牙》(White Fang)、《铁蹄》(The Iron Heel)、《海狼》(The Sea Wolf)等小说。
他的作品多以描述美国下层人民的生活，揭露资本主义社会的罪恶为主，常带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。
杰克·伦敦笔下的人物常被置于极端严酷、生死攸关的环境中,以此来揭示最真实、最深刻的人性。
他的作品充满了对达尔文的“适者生存”的自然法则以及斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的推崇,认为只有适应社会,做生活的强者才能生存。
杰克·伦敦幼年贫困，饱尝人间各种辛酸。
11岁就开始做童工,卖过报纸,当过水手,做过蚝贼,生活饥寒交迫。
1896年,21岁的杰克·伦敦踏上了淘金之旅,来到了天寒地冻的北极。
尽管因为患上败血症导致淘金梦破灭,但他却收获了丰富的创作素材。
在这一段时间里,他勾勒了很多小说的轮廓,其中便有《野性的呼唤》。
他曾计划自驾帆船环球旅行,但最终因船只搁浅而梦想破灭。
杰克·伦敦不安于过平静安逸的生活,曾经两次出任战地记者。
成名之后的杰克·伦敦陷入了金钱的泥沼和精神的空虚。
1916年11月21日晚,杰克·伦敦在他的豪华牧场里服用过量吗啡自杀,结束了他40岁的生命。
这一结局不仅是生命的终结,也是对人生路在何方的发问。
二、关于作品（About the work）（一）小说梗概（Plot summary）在阳光普照，温暖如春的南方，大法官米勒的庄园里生活着一群快乐悠闲地宠物狗，其中有一只身形硕大，时时彰显王者风范的混血狗，它叫巴克，它和大法官一家生活的其乐融融，然而有一天在一次看似平常的散步中，巴克被它一向信任的园丁偷卖到了条件恶劣的北方，自此，它的生活发生了转折，踏上了淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。
骨子里的浪漫——试论杰克·伦敦性格中的浪漫主义情结
对 他 的浪 漫 主 义情 结 和 性 格 却很 少 涉 及 。对 于一 个 人 思 想 的形 成 ， 会 及 家庭 的影 响 是 很 重 要 的 ， 这 种 思 社 而
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热爱生命杰克伦敦读后感（通用15篇）
热爱生命杰克伦敦读后感（通用15篇）热爱生命杰克伦敦读后感篇1我已经慕名很久了，那篇能让伟大导师列宁在临终前仍念念不忘的文章——《热爱生命》。
当我如饥似渴地进行阅读时，不由地赞道，好书啊！杰克。
伦敦对人物的细致描写，真是让人叹为观止，加上他那精彩的语句，可以说《热爱生命》是前无古人，后无来者的！我认为杰克。
伦敦对人物的描写固然十分精彩，文章也十分精悍，但是书中主人翁身上的那种英勇无畏、坚忍不拔、顽强、勇敢精神更令人敬佩。
当没有水时，他吮吸含水的草根；当没有食物时，他吞咽野狼吃剩下的野兽的残骸；当他遭遇到一头咆哮的巨熊时，他挥舞着猎刀怪叫着，吓跑了巨熊；当他筋疲力尽，仰面朝天休息时，那条早已尾随多时的老狼便发动了攻击，此时他有两种选择，一种是放弃生命，坐以待毙，被老狼撕成碎片；另一种是与自己同样疲惫的老狼来一个你死我活较量！此时他选择了活下去，于是他用尽全身力气，咬住狼的脖子，饮下了狼的鲜血！直到最后，直到他丧失了知觉、听觉、视觉时，可还是一寸一寸地向着海岸蠕动向前爬行！他之所以这样，目标只有一个，那就是活下去！！最终他获得了科考人员的救助，活了下来。
他身上那种钢铁般的意志，正是我们现在人们身上所缺少的，更是我们应去学习的，这种意志，理应万世永存！热爱生命杰克伦敦读后感篇2寒假里，老师让我们读《热爱生命》这本书，读后有很多感动与顿悟，在此与大家分享。
《热爱生命》是美国作家杰克·伦敦的作品。
该作品讲述的是主人公在淘金回去的路上被同伴比尔抛弃了。
他几经饥饿的折磨忘记了回去的路，但是他并没有放弃自己的生命，一次次与天气、与环境的斗争中活了下来。
这些力量源于他对生活的热爱。
饥饿无时无刻不在折磨着他，一开始他吃小鱼充饥，后来只有热水可以喝。
饥饿使他就连一只小松鸡都捉不住，但他坚强地活着。
开始他还可以走，虽然鞋子破了，但他继续努力寻找回去的路。
后来他没有力气走就爬，虽然膝盖磨破了，但是他继续寻找活下来的奇迹。
关于杰克伦敦的故事
关于杰克伦敦的故事杰克伦敦的作品不仅在美国本土广泛流传，而且受到世界各国人民的欢迎。
他在现代美国文学和世界文学都享有崇高地位。
下面是店铺搜集整理的关于杰克伦敦的故事，希望对你有帮助。
关于杰克伦敦的故事凡是到过美国作家杰克·伦敦家中的人都觉得很奇怪：窗帘上、衣架上、柜厨上、床头上、镜子上、墙上……到处贴满了形形色色的小纸条，初到他的房间里的人还以为那是什么特殊的装饰品呢。
实际上，这些小纸条并不是空白的。
上边写满了各种各样他搜集来的材料：有美妙的词汇，有生动的比喻，有五花八门的资料。
杰克·伦敦没有机会系统地学习，为了掌握文化知识，实践写作，他争分夺秒地勤奋学习。
他把生字写在一张一张的纸片上，插在梳妆台的镜缝里，以便在早晨修脸和穿衣时背诵;他把一串串的字用扣针悬在晒衣绳上，以便他向上看或者走过房间时可以看见这些新字;他每个衣袋中都装有写着一行行字的纸片，当他到图书馆或出外访问的途中便加以朗读，甚至在吃饭或睡觉时，也默诵着它们。
他随身带着笔记本，记下了劳动时的所见所闻：景物的描绘、人物的速写、精采的语言、谈话的片断、动人的故事……他还对他所读到的一切都作了卡片索引。
日积月累，他不仅学到了文化，而且积累了大量的词汇，建立了储存写作素材的“参考阅览室”，这些材料直到他逝世时都没有用完。
杰克·伦敦成名之后做过几次演讲旅行。
在那时的美国，社会主义思想是很犯忌的。
但是社会主义者杰克·伦敦却总直言不讳地提出自己的观点。
他在加州大学大讲其社会主义革命，受到强烈反对，却得到主张言论自由的校长的保护。
他到商人俱乐部大力宣传其社会主义革命，并把一九零五年俄国革命中杀死过几个沙皇官员的革命者称作自己的弟兄，引起轩然大波，报纸攻击他，说他把杀人犯当作自己的弟兄。
他在耶鲁大学发表题为《革命》的演说时，用经济的解剖刀对资本主义剖析了一个小时，最后宣称：“工人阶级的七百万人说：他们就是要是全体工人联合起来，夺取政权。
渗透到骨子里的浪漫——杰克·伦敦性格中的浪漫主义情怀
渗透到骨子里的浪漫——杰克伦敦性格中的浪漫主义情怀郑梅花
【期刊名称】《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》
【年(卷),期】2015(034)005
【摘要】杰克·伦敦是美国历史上自然主义作家的代表人物,被称为"无产阶级之父".在众多的文学史料研究中,杰克·伦敦一直被评论家和学者们称之为现实主义作家和自然主义作家,现阶段对杰克·伦敦的研究和分析着重关注的是他的现实主义作品、生态主题、自然主义观点和哲学思想,忽视了他作品中的浪漫主义情怀.文章另辟蹊径,从杰克·伦敦作品中的浪漫主义情怀入手分析,试图扩大杰克·伦敦作品的研究领域.【总页数】4页(P55-58)
【作者】郑梅花
【作者单位】中山职业技术学院,广东中山528404
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I712
【相关文献】
1.试论《海狼》中杰克·伦敦的浪漫情怀 [J], 梁萍
2.骨子里的浪漫——试论杰克·伦敦性格中的浪漫主义情结 [J], 孙媛
3.生存的博弈与超人的胜利——解析杰克·伦敦《热爱生命》中自然主义与浪漫主义的融合 [J], 姚小娟;周天楠
4.杰克·伦敦“北疆传奇”:自然主义与浪漫主义的完美结合 [J], 周天楠;姚小娟
5.杰克·伦敦“北疆传奇”：自然主义与浪漫主义的完美结合 [J], 周天楠;姚小娟;
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西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2008年7月,第38卷第4期,J u.l,2008,V o.l38,N o.4Journal o fN o rt hwest U niversity(Phil osophy and Soc ial Sciences Editi on)收稿日期:2007 11 04;修回日期:2008 03 11基金项目:陕西省教育厅专项基金项目(05J K098)作者简介:焦建平(1957 ),女,陕西延川人,西北大学副教授,从事英美文学研究。
学术新视野!杰克∀伦敦的英雄主义情结焦建平(西北大学外国语学院,陕西西安 710069)摘 要:通过对杰克∀伦敦(Jack London)#北方系列故事∃中%英雄主义&主题的分析与探讨,认为杰克∀伦敦的小说整体上呈现一种充满英雄主义与%超人&色彩的面貌。
给予读者对于生命意义以非常积极的诠释。
有益于人们重新树立起尊重自然,热爱生命,不畏艰难困苦的人生态度。
以致成为今天%美国精神&的重要组成部分。
关键词:杰克∀伦敦;生存;英雄主义中图分类号:I106.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000 2731(2008)04 0174 03杰克∀伦敦(Jack London)的小说给我们的整体印象几乎是强悍甚至野性的。
在他的小说中我们很难见到故事发生地是恬静优美、花红柳绿的田野风光。
相反,他的故事大都以无垠的雪原,狂涛翻滚的大海等等艰苦而险恶的环境作为背景,在这里,生命呈现出了原生状的、如矿石般的本来面目,即残酷却鲜跳活剥。
身陷绝境的主人公们,表现出对待生命那种歇斯底里的渴望与挣扎,他们总能够在最后一刻,创造出绝地反击、绝处逢生的生命奇迹。
杰克∀伦敦笔下所塑造的一大群在生死场上角逐的胜利者形象,构成了他的%北方淘金系列故事&的英雄主题。
这也是杰克∀伦敦小说中最让人回味的重要部分。
事实上,在他的系列小说中,无论是#一块牛排∃中的老拳击手汤姆∀金,#热爱生命∃中的男子,还是#野性的呼唤∃中的雪橇狗布克,或是#海狼∃中的海狼∀赖生。
强烈的生存意志与英雄主义对于他们来说实际上是同一回事。
他们原本优雅舒适的生活每每被现实生活的残酷与冷漠所击倒,甚至生命濒危、命悬一线∋∋,而这正是一个有关%英雄&的故事所必不可少的重场戏。
非到绝地不能显出主人公的英雄本色,在生命的最后关头,非超人不能创造出令人惊叹的奇迹。
也正是这些鲜活角色的必要铺垫,杰克∀伦敦的小说才呈现出一种充满英雄主义与%超人&色彩的面貌,给予读者对于生命意义的非常积极的诠释。
杰克∀伦敦作品中的英雄主义主题,既来源于作家对于古希腊悲剧英雄们的敬仰与崇拜,也与后来他所接受的尼采的%超人&哲学思想分不开,而更重要的则要归于作者自身坎坷复杂的生活经历。
他自青年时期便开始的流浪生涯,以及后来去北方淘金的经历,构成了他耿耿于怀的生命体验和情感积淀,从而形成缠绕在他心灵深处的一个结 英雄主义情结。
一、为生命唱颂歌的英雄主义情结在杰克∀伦敦的作品中,我们时常能感受到两种不同的英雄主义情结。
对生命本身的崇拜,对生命、生存的意义追求原始形态与精神自由。
在杰克∀伦敦的作品中,主人公与严酷的荒原融为一体,生命在这里往往会呈现出原生状的,原始的形态,释放出与庸俗世界永远不可能熟悉的截然相反的渴望与激情,一种奋发的、跳跃着的甚至是狂暴的情愫。
对待死亡有着不轻言屈服的英雄主义气质。
这正是古希腊神话中的酒神狄奥尼索斯一样的自由与激情的结合体,迸发出生命最原始的呼唤 顽强的生174存。
[1](P序)在小说#野性的呼唤∃里,那只威猛的雪橇狗布克,便是一位具有极强适应能力的超人英雄,布克很快便适宜于在充满敌意的北国环境里生存,这显示出了他对于变换无常的环境的快速适应能力,如果缺乏这种本领便意味着迅速和悲惨的死亡,适应新的严酷的环境,对于布克来说似乎是一种%退化&过程,要适应铁一样的冰冷环境。
生存是杰克∀伦敦小说中的灵魂主题。
正是这个灵魂赋予了他的作品令人心潮澎湃的情感。
%有一种兴奋若狂的状态标志着生命的顶峰,这是生命所不能超越的。
而这就是生活的奇怪的矛盾逻辑,这种狂醉状态,这种忘我状态对于布克正是他领导着狗群,发出古老的狼嗥,拼命地追逐那只活生生的、在月光下迅速跳窜的野味的时候出现。
&[2](P56)杰克∀伦敦痛斥所谓%文明&人类的懦弱与胆怯,对于生命既战战兢兢又冷漠无情的态度。
杰克∀伦敦所刻画的主人公或多或少都带有古希腊神话中的悲剧色彩,如奥德修斯一般历尽磨难,步步危机,几乎濒临死亡的边缘,然而英雄总是能依仗着顽强的生存意志,峰回路转,化险为夷。
在最令人绝望之时,创造出最惊人之举,最终完成英雄旌旗招展的回归。
[1](P322)在小说#热爱生命∃中,那位被同伴抛弃的淘金者,几乎走到了生命的尽头。
作为一个人,它其实已经放弃了努力,而驱使他继续前行、抗争的只是不愿死去的生命本身。
惟有生命才会让我们体会到快感,愉悦与痛苦,也正因为如此,生命、生存本能意义的重要远远胜过作为人的意义。
只要生存着,就有希望,哪怕这希望的等待是何等的漫长∋∋。
#热爱生命∃与其说是一篇小说,倒不如说是一则寓言,一则关于生命本身的寓言。
当生存成为第一需要时,黄金已变成毫无价值的石头。
为了逃命而抛弃朋友的行为只能加速自己的死亡。
而那匹病弱不堪的老狼其实与这那位濒死的淘金者的生命拥有同样的尊严。
死亡就如浪涛汹涌的海水一次又一次淹没他,而生的强烈挣扎又使他一次又一次浮出水面∋∋,我们不能不对生命状态里那种最宝贵的品质肃然起敬 拒绝向死亡低头,尽管死亡有时是如此的强大。
正是这种意志的存在,生命之光才会虽微弱却永远熠熠生辉。
英雄终于爬到了能望见大海的地方,我们也同他一起嗅到了生的气息,能摸到象征生命的广阔而波涛汹涌的世界 大海。
这种超人般的生存意志,同杰克∀伦敦后来创作的#野性的呼唤∃中所表现得对自由的艰难追求构成了他的英雄主义情结的最为重要的两个组成部分。
二、英雄主义情结的矛盾冲突杰克∀伦敦以他的作品为我们展示了一个又一个鲜活的生命体,他自己却用自杀的方式结束了他并不很长的一生,生命的骤然终止,或许意味着杰克∀伦敦已经找到了正如尼采所说的自由的死亡的%恰当的时候&,他是否真正的看到了%一片无法形容的,幸福的曙光&[3](P347)。
我们不得而知,也永远不可能知道。
但是他的死亡,给他的广大读者和这个世界以极大的震惊与意外。
突然而来的死亡,意味着停止了对外部世界的关注,意味着继续奋斗抗争的可能性的丧失,甚至意味着对于生命艰难的退却和缴械投降。
%生,还是死,这是个问题∋∋&[4]在小说#海狼∃一书中,杰克∀伦敦把两种截然相反的生命观之间的斗争与冲突作为这个故事的核心主题。
%魔鬼号&海船上的水手:亨甫莱,玛特∀布德斯特,约翰生,李区等人对%永生的生命&有一种宗教般的信仰,而那位魔鬼船长海狼∀赖生却始终鼓吹%生存本能&。
杰克∀伦敦一方面表现出对那些水手们的支持,另一方面又对野蛮无理,拿船员生命当儿戏的魔鬼船长海狼∀赖生表露出崇敬与羡慕之情,作者在两者之间摇摆不定,令人不可思议。
这位魔鬼船长最后的死可以说是命中注定。
海狼卑鄙,自私,蛮横无理,极端的道德信条,使他众叛亲离,成为海上的孤家寡人。
最后由于剧烈的头痛,双目失明,在强烈的痛苦中死去。
(小说中一直未说明白海狼那古怪的头痛顽疾,这似乎是上帝为惩罚海狼这个恶人而有意所为)英雄也会死,而且死法千差万别。
海狼却是死的很%窝囊&,恰恰是尼采所最不看好的那种%苟延残喘&的,没有尊严的死法。
尽管如此,杰克∀伦敦在他的小说中常常情不自禁地赞许着海狼∀赖生鼓吹的那种对生命的理论。
杰克∀伦敦曾经常常抱怨:许多人读了#海狼∃,但却没有一个人发现,它实际上是在攻击超人哲学的。
尼采的超人哲学正是要强调生命的自由、高贵,强调生命的自我支配,摆脱别人与世界给予的一切约束,这当然包括死亡的时机。
杰克∀伦敦思想中的矛盾冲突,自然反映在作品中。
在#海狼∃中,杰克∀伦敦不止一次流露出对海狼∀赖生的羡慕之情,他逐渐地发现自己已深受海狼极深的影响,内心充满着斗争精神。
当海狼∀赖生诵读着诗句%统治地狱总比在天堂里当奴隶好些&时,杰克∀伦敦不由得赞叹%这是伟大的精神,无畏的呼声&。
海狼∀赖生至死都不承认生命永生的存在。
他175以为那简直是一派胡言。
在现世的尚可延存生命的世界里,他努力而坚强地活着,顽强地抗争着。
最终,杰克∀伦敦使用一种看似虔诚的宗教色彩的笔调安排了赖生的死亡,似乎只有神的力量,才能使这个令人恐惧的魔鬼屈服、消逝。
海狼∀赖生直到最后被病魔所击倒,失明,半身麻木,已失去语言能力,他只能用写字与别人交流:%并不觉得痛苦,但是我还活着&, %不觉得痛苦时,我就非常安静,从来没有想得如此明白的,能够像一个圣人般考虑生与死的问题。
&%还有永生吗?&海狼最后的回答是:%胡-说-八-道!& [2](P630)。
到死还不相信神,不怕天、地。
杰克∀伦敦一直在颂扬海狼∀赖生顽强生存意志,海狼∀赖生是一个病态的超人,整个人物曾经被伦敦塑造成为一位具有英雄主义色彩的无畏者形象。
可是,这个形象,因为故事里爱情介入,而逐渐走向他的终点。
杰克∀伦敦一方面想借助爱情所激起的力量毁灭这个生命,另一方面,他在下意识中,又流露出对赖生的无限敬仰。
亨莆莱与恋人玛特将海狼的尸体葬入大海时说出他心底的话%再会吧,魔王,高傲的灵魂&[2](P637)。
用海狼自己的话说,是他父亲这位(海上的农夫)将他这颗种子撒在了海上。
那就早已命中注定,他只能在海上发芽,长叶,枯萎,最终回归大海。
对于生命,死亡是最强大、最无法抗拒的敌手,而按照尼采的观点,只有自杀才具有压倒死亡的现实意义。
尼采几乎一生都在盛赞自杀是合乎人的尊严的。
%自然死亡是最为卑下的条件下的死亡,是不自由的死亡,是不恰当的时候的死亡,是懦弱者的死亡。
人们应当出于对生活的热爱,寻求另一种死法,要自由,自愿的去死。
&[3](P346)杰克∀伦敦处理自己生命的方式(自杀)也许与尼采的哲学思想有直接的关系,也许他是在%恰当的时候&选择了%创造性的死法&。
但是当海狼已经处于苟延残喘的状态下企图以纵火的方式了断自己生命的时候,作者却借亨甫莱之手阻止了他,只几桶水便浇灭了一位傲气十足的英雄追求尊严的企图。
从而使得他的英雄主义在这部小说中大打折扣,显得并不饱满,反而有意被压制在脉脉温情之下,像失去了泥土的种子,失去了生命的光泽。
这种看似罗曼蒂克的结尾,明显减弱了英雄主义的主题。
但是,毫无疑问,这是杰克∀伦敦创作后期的一部成熟的作品,他不再以那种平铺直叙的方式道出人处绝境中的英雄气概,而是通过心理斗争和思想碰撞来表现生命如同一首高昂充满激情的曲子。