2016年的英美文学00604大纲
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each)E.g. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"?C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.) (可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each) 例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/tortu re/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：A.Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist.B.He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.C.He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.D.He has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magicianaspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A.British/ immoralityB.French/moneyC.German/knowledgeD.American/political powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.A.The Wife’s ComplaintB.BeowulfC.The Dream of the RoodD.The SeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)3.It’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Legend of Good WomenC.Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.A.Paradise LostB.Dr. FaustusC.The Faerie QueeneD.HamletAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.B.Satirize human’s vanity.C.Predict the eternity of love.D.Eulogize the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.A.SurreyB.WyattC.MarloweD.SidneyAnswer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.A.HamletB.King LearC.Romeo and JulietD.OthelloAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/ dramaC.Mary/ novelD.James/ dramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.A.The Spenserian stanzaB.The heroic coupletC.The blank verseD.The free verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.A.bravery/ chastityB.holiness/ truthC.error/ deliveryD.true gentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A.Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C.Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s f oibles.D.Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.A.MetaphorB.SimileC.IronyD.PersonificationAnswer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Greeks/ RomansD.Romans/ NormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A.Edmund SpenserB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.William ShakespeareD.John DonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.A.ConceitsB.Actual imagery and simple dictionC.Argumentative formD.Elegant styleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A.Greek MythologyB.Roman legendC.The Old TestamentD.The New TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven DownC.To corrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play o n the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.A.The Merchant of VeniceB.HamletC.King LearD.The Winter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Romans/ NormansD.Greeks/ RomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, abo ut the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.A.John DonneB.Christopher MarloweC.John MiltonD.Edmund SpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise regainedD.TamburlaineAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him?A.TamburlaineB.The Jew of MaltaC.The Passionate to His LoveD.The Sun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A.John Milton’sB.Francis Bacon’sC.Montaigne’sD.Thomas Gray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John MiltonAnswer: B (P15)27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.”The above lines are probably taken from______.A.Spenser’s The Faerie Queene27.B.John Donne’s The Sun RisingC.Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18D.Marlow’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.Answer: D (P28)28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.Answer: C (P37)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan is her custom. It is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring pe nanceOf such misery doth she cut me off”1.Identify the title of the works and author.2.Explain “from which…cut me off”.3.What happened to him, which caused the words?参考答案:The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,William Shakespeare. (P48)2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requiresAntonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”1)Identify the work and author.2)What idea does the passage express?参考答案：1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies”written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you r ead, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.3.“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.1) Where does the poem comes from? Who wrote it?What does “eternal lines”mean?Interpret it briefly.参考答案：1) The poem is “Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in theworld, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)4.“…All is no lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?……Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”1) Please identify the poem and the poet.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.3) What does the whole passage mean?参考答案：1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)2) “all is not lost”is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71)5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”Questions:3)What does “beat over matters”mean?4)What does “receipt’refer to?5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about?参考答案：1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)2)“Receipt”refers to cure, prescription. (P63)3)The sentences are from “Of Studies”(Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionateFor being deprived of the joys of heaven?Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitudeAnd scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.……Say he will spare him Four and twenty yearsLetting him live in all voluptuousnessHaving thee ever to attend on me…Questions:1)Identify the passage and author;2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul? What for?3)Who are thee? What will he do?参考答案：1) The passage come s from “Dr.Faustus”written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)2) Dr.Faustus will surrender his soul to devil. Because he wasa great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’in vain, finally he ’made a bond’to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.He helped Dr.Faustus to do anything he wants. (P22)7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why does thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?”Questions:6)Identify the work and author.7)What idea does the passage express?参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.III. Questions and answers:1.How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summery about English literature in the period?(No more than 150 words)参考答案:1.The Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy.2.The Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.3.In essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.4.Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms.5.Shakespeare, Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “T o be or not to be”soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be”is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for acti on came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense of world-weariness (厌世)’. (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works? (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: T amburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In Dr.Faustus, Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and Dr.Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While Dr.Faustus, a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some nobleheroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught ina difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost”and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism?参考答案：1)’Humanism’is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".B.Tom JonesC.Robison CrusoeD.Colonel JackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.A.the heroic coupletB.the free verseC.the blank verseD.the Spenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose."A.Henry FieldingB.Daniel DefoeC.Jonathan SwiftD.John BunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.Genesis AB.The Holy WarC.The Pilgrims progressD.ExodusAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?B.The Faririe QueeneC.Gulliver’s travelsD.The School of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.A.more wit will make better poetryB.plainness is more important than wit in poetryC.too much wit will destroy good poetryD.plainness will make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language style?A.His sentences are long and well structured.B.His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.C.He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D.His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearlyexpressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.A.will never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.B.will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsC.are the very best things to lead people to their gloriesD.will never prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A.John BunyanB.Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD.Johnathan SwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.A.Samuel JohnsonB.Jonathan SwiftC.Richard Brinsley SheridanD.Thomas GrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.A.Alexander PopeB.Richard Brinsley SheridanC.Samuel JohnsonD.George Bernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important linksbetween the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.A.The School for ScandalB.The DuennaC.Widower’s HousesD.The Doctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.A.The RivalsB.Gulliver’s TravelsC.Toms JonesD.The School for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Grayis regarded as the most representative work of _____.A.The Metaphysical SchoolB.The Graveyard SchoolC.The Gothic SchoolD.The Romantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is consideredmanifesto of English Neoclassicism.A.An Essay of Dramatic PoetryB.An Essay on CriticismC.The Advancing of learningD.An Essay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A.Elegant styleB.Causal narrationC.Bitter satire/doc/eb7726994.html,plicated sentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"?A.The Coffee---House Politician.B.The Tragedy of Tragedies.C.The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.D.The History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother." The two sentences are found in ________.A.The School for ScandalB.The RivalsC.The CriticD.The Scheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong?A.The author employs metaphor in this poem.B.The author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.C.Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.D.He mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________.A.horses that are endowed with reason.B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdom.D.Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage?参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,e.g. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is best set in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,。
四川省高等教育自学考试2016年4月(16·1次)
09:00-11:3014:30-17:0009:00-11:3000147 人力资源管理(一)00018 计算机应用基础00182 公共关系学00163 管理心理学00107 现代管理学00277 行政管理学00292 市政学00341 公文写作与处理03350 社会研究方法12656 毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论03706 思想道德修养与法律基础00051 管理系统中计算机应用00054 管理学原理00070 政府与事业单位会计00053 对外经济管理概论04184 线性代数(经管类)00078 银行会计学00058 市场营销学04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00067 财务管理学00068 外国财政00139 西方经济学03708 中国近现代史纲要00051 管理系统中计算机应用00054 管理学原理00078 银行会计学00053 对外经济管理概论00061 国家税收04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00058 市场营销学00076 国际金融00067 财务管理学00150 金融理论与实务00068 外国财政04184 线性代数(经管类)03708 中国近现代史纲要00051 管理系统中计算机应用00045 企业经济统计学00102 世界市场行情00097 外贸英语写作00149 国际贸易理论与实务04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00100 国际运输与保险04184 线性代数(经管类)07750 国际投资学03708 中国近现代史纲要05844 国际商务英语00042 社会经济统计学原理00054 管理学原理00153 质量管理(一)00051 管理系统中计算机应用00061 国家税收00154 企业管理咨询00067 财务管理学00149 国际贸易理论与实务04183 概率论与数理统计(经管类)00151 企业经营战略00150 金融理论与实务03708 中国近现代史纲要04184 线性代数(经管类)00042 社会经济统计学原理00061 国家税收00159 高级财务会计00051 管理系统中计算机应用00149 国际贸易理论与实务00160 审计学备注：1.代码以A开头的为自考专科，B.D开头的为本科。
【密训】00604 英美文学选读
使用说明：识记知识点（主要考察单选题），有时间再尝试记主观题（阅读理解，问答题，论述题）第一部分英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期本章重点：1.文艺复兴时期的历史文化背景2.莎士比亚和弥尔顿的作品和写作特点本章提示：本章中有关莎士比亚的文学成就可以以论述题的形式来考察，值得注意。
知识点1文艺复兴时期时代背景知识点概览：1.文艺复兴时期的界定及历史文化背景2.文艺复兴运动的意义与影响3.文艺复兴时期的文学特点，人文主义的主张及对文学的影响知识点：1.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.文艺复兴标志着中世纪到现代的过渡。
2.The most famousChristopher Marlowe,3.Humanism is the的核心。
4.The bestChristopher Marlowe代表是托马斯·知识点2莎士比亚question）知识点概览：1.历史剧(2)2.(3)3.选读：(1)知识点：1.Shakespeare hashis38plays,154Rape of Lucrece).莎翁对世界文坛的主要贡献是38部戏剧（包括历史剧，喜剧和悲剧），154首十四行诗和两篇长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《鲁克丽丝失贞记》。
2.The first period of his dramatic career,he wrote five history plays: Henry VI,Parts I,II,and III,Richard III,and Titus Andronicus;and four comedies:The Comedy of Errors,The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew,and Love’s Labor’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。
00604自考英美文学选读-串讲课件讲义
4*4’英国2218’B1分）C2A1分）2>1—2分）3>2—3分）4>1—2分）5>3—4分）1>时间+来源（0.5分—1分）3>2—3分）4> 1分）5>0.5—1分）6>0.5—1分）3>1—2分）4>2—3分）5>1—2分）6>0.5—1分）介绍论述题中关于作1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）literary trend1798-1832Lyrical Ballads in 1798Walter Scott's death in 1832.is a literary trend.It prevailed in(place)during the period of xxxx-xxxx,beginning with xxxx in (time),ending with in(time).was greatly influenced by the.Generally speaking, the expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes......The great writers in this period are............时期th to mid-17th )时期 1.<<>>2.3.1.2. 1.2.3.pun 3.英国文学 1.2.3.1.英国小说之父the father of English Novels2.讽刺satire1.2.3. 1.2.details细腻英国文学Period Period1836-1901 1.2.3.T ·S4.1.2.critical realist 3.4.3.4.5. 1.2.1.2.1.2.3.4.5.6.现实Period 美国文学1.2.3.4.5.老人与海6.现代Period1.2.3.4.浪漫Period1.Old English Literature-(450——1066封建建立)a. Religious-——b. Secular--heroic age---<Beowulf>盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗---a protector of people, fight against the nature.————•••例题例题【正确答案：B】Background:a by a①The of&②The new in&the&本质与主张③The in&to get rid of to new ideas that the the&to the of the early from theEngland①---②都铎)Traits of humanistic poetry: dramatistsWriters：1.早期---andPetrarchan)2.中期the Ageblank verse)3.后期抽象founder of modern science)Life381542I．5 history plays and 4 comedies. （apprenticeship 学徒时期）•5•III>;and.•4部.•,II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized)•5II>,I,II,V>•6（）••to•and•and loyal•其他•II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized) 2III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies: ---Greatest four tragedies:<Hamlet><King Lear><Othello><Macbeth>III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies:---Theme: The impossibility of certainty; the complexity of action;the mystery of death;the nation as a diseased body.blood-and-thunderand butIV. Principal Romantic tragicomedies: <The Tempest>①.②forth byto the one he人物塑造独白情节结构语言风格Paradise Lost<Lycidas挽歌<Areopagitica><Paradise LostThe is the“Fall of Man”.流放<Paradise Regained诱惑<Samson Agonistes>①②③④⑤例题例题【正确答案：B】background：Time:Background:Traits:Thoughts:节俭迷信EnlightmentLiterature ideas:教导.<A Modest ProposalLiterature ideas:Schools of literature:Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.2.Gothic novels ⋯⋯⋯Schools of literature:Daniel DefoeThe True born Englishman wonThe Review<Robinson Crusoe>②③坚韧④the lower-class people.选读<Robinson Crusoe> Theme:①②③创作风格：①②③方言。
英美文学选读资料00604
英美文学选读资料00604PART ONE （40 POINTS）Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your correct answer on the answer sheet.1.“And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.” The above lines are taken from ______.A. Milton‟s Paradise LostB. Marlowe‟s “The Passionate shepherd to His Love”C. Shakesp eare‟s “Sonnet 18”D. John Donne‟s “The Sun Rising”2.The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry3.Here are four lines taken from Edmund Spenser‟s The Faerie Queene: “But on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore,/The deare remembrance of his dying Lord,/For whose sweete sake that glorious badge he wore,/And dead as living ever him adored.” Who is the “dying Lord” discussed in the above lines?A. BeowulfB. King ArthurC. Jesus ChristD. Jupiter4.The major concern of _______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. A.Charles Dickens"s wrence"s C.Thomas Hardy"s D.John Galsworthy"s5.Daniel Defoe describes _______ as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A.Tom JonesB.GulliverC.Moll FlandersD.Robinson Crusoe6."To be so distinguished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge."The above quoted sentence is presented by Samuel Johnson with a（n）_______ tone.A.delightfulB.jealousC.ironicD.humorou 4.In Shakespeare‟s Merchant of Venice,7. “Let not Ambit ion mock their useful toil,/Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;/Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile /The short and simple annals of the poor.”The above lines are taken from .A. Alexander Pope‟s Essay on CriticismB. Coleridge‟s “Kubla Khan”C. John Donne‟s “The Sun Rising”D. Thomas Gray‟s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”8. By making the truth-seeking pilgrims suffer at the hands of the people of Vanity Fair, John Bunyan intends to show the prevalent political and religious ______of his time.A. persecutionB. improvementC. prosperityD. disillusionment9. The 18th century witnessed a new literary form－the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common people.A. romanticB. realisticC. propheticD. idealistic10. As a whole, ______is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life—socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally.A. Moll FlandersB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. Pilgrim’s ProgressD. The School for Scandal11.It is generally regarded that Keats"s most important and mature poems are in the form of _______ .A.odeB.elegyC.epicD.sonnet12.G.B.Shaw"s play Mrs.Warren"s Profession is a realistic exposure of the _______ in the English society.A.slum landlordismB.inequality between men and womenC.political corruptionD.economic exploitation of women13.In William Blake"s poetry, the father（and any other in whom he saw the image of the father such as God, priest, and king）was usually a figure of _______ .A.benevolenceB.admirationC.loveD.tyranny14.""I believe you are made of stone,"he said, clenching his fingers so hard that he broke the fragile cup. …"You seem to forget," she said,"that cup is not!""From the above quoted passage, we can find the woman"s tone is very _______ .A.sarcasticB.amusingC.sentimentalD.facetious15.The Pilgrim"s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for _______ .A.material wealthB.spiritual salvationC.universal truthD.self-fulfillment16.Alexander Pope strongly advocated _______, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.idealismD.neoclassicism17.After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of _______ .A.simple character and quick witB.simple character and poor understandingC.intricate character and quick witD.intricate character and poor understanding18.Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, _______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.Daniel DefoeB.Samuel RichardsonC.Henry FieldingD.Oliver Goldsmith19."Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew,/Thou mak"st thy knife keen."In the above quotation taken form The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a（n）_______ .A.oxymoronB.punC.simileD.synecdoche20.In Hardy"s Wessex novels, there is an apparent _______ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A.humorousB.romanticC.nostalgicD.sarcastic21."O prince, O chief of many throned powers,"That led th" embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven"s perpetual King."In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton"s Paradise Lost, the phrase "thy conduct" refers to _______ conduct.A.Satan"sB.God"sC.Adam"sD.Eve"s22.We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley"s poem "Ode to the West Wind" with all the following terms except _______ .A.tamedB.swiftC.proudD.wild23.In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A."Nature"B."Self-Reliance"C."Divinity School Address"D."The American Scholar"24.In Hawthorne"s "Young Goodman Brown," a satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches" Sabbath in the woods. There he recognizes many pillars of Salem"s Puritan society as well as his wife, Faith. The story illustrates Hawthorne"s allegorical theme of human evil or what Melville called the "power of _______ ."A.blacknessB.whitenessC.terrorD.hypocrisy25.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _______ , the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A.AhabB.IshmaelC.StubbD.Starbuck26.Most of the poems in Whitman"s Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-mass" and the _______ as well.A.natureB.self-relianceC.selfD.life27.Emily Dickinson"s poem（441）"This is my letter to the World" expresses the poet"s _______ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.joyC.anxietyD.indignation28.Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A.Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B.F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C.Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D.Most writers were politically radical.29.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author"s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympatheticbut more ironic and more _______ .A.rationalB.humorousC.optimisticD.pessimistic30.Mark Twain"s first novel _______ , written in collaboration with Charles D. Warner and published in 1873,though not an artistic success, gives its name to the America of the post-Civil War period which it attempts tosatirize.A.The Gilded AgeB.The Age of InnocenceC.The Roughing TimeD.TheJazz Age31.Dreiser"s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and _______ .A.The GeniusB.The TycoonC.The StoicD.The Giant32.Daisy Miller"s tragedy of indiscretion is intensified and enlarged by its narration from the point of view of _______ .A.the author Henry JamesB.the Italian youth GiovanelliC.the American youth WinterbourneD.her mother Mrs. Miller33.The impact of Darwin"s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-centuryFrench literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ________ .A.local colorismB.vernacularismC.modernismD.naturalism34.It is on his _______ that Washington Irving"s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC.early poetryD. tales about America35."If honest labor be unremunerative and difficult to endure; if it be the long, long road which never reaches beauty, but wearies the feet and the heart; if the drag to follow beauty be such that one abandons the admired way, taking rather the despised path leading to her dreams quickly, who shall cast the first stone?"Where is the underlined phrase taken from?A.The Bible.ton.C.Shakespeare.D.Hawthorne.36. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington37. In Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big parties. The purpose of such descriptions is so show _______.A. emptiness of lifeB. the corruption of the upper classC. contrast of the rich and the poorD. the happy days of the Jazz Age38. In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _______.A. Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB . Dreiser's Sister CarrieC. Copper's Leather-Stocking TalesD. Thoreau's Walden39. Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literary modernism?A. The Sound and the FuryB. Uncle Tom's Cabin.C. Daisy Miller.D. The Gilded Age.40. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.1._______ is regarded as “worshipper of nature.”A. ColeridgeB. WordsworthC. T.S.EliotD. Robert Browning2.Marlowe‟s play Dr.Faustus is based on _______ of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the devil.A. the ScandinavianB. the GermanC. the ancient EnglishD. the French3.Who defined a good style as “proper words in proper places?”A. Jonathan SwiftB. Charles DickensC. Edmund SpencerD. George Bernard Shaw4._______ is central to Blake‟s concern in the Sogns of Innocence and Songs of Experience?A. innocence and experienceB. the poorC. societyD. childhood5.As a novelist _______ wrote within a very narrow sphere, the provincial life of the late 1818-century England.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Jane AustenC. Thomas HardyD. Henry Fielding6.“Trust thyself,”Emerson wrote in his_______.A. The American ScholarB. The Sketch BookC. Self-RelianceD. Nature7.Hawthorne‟s view of man and human history originates, to a great extent ,in _______.A. PuritanismB. TranscendentalismC. his childhoodD. his unhappy marriage8.As _______ saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation.A. EmersonB. HawthorneC. WhitmanD. Emily Dickinson9._______ was the first American writer to conceive his career in international terms.A. EmersonB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. Ernest Hemingway10.According to Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury is a story of “______.”A. lost generationB. lost innocenceC. farmersD. industrial labors11. An honest, kind-hearted young man, who is full of animal spirit and lacks prudence, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and finally to have been accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative .The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding‟s work .A. Jonathan Wild the GreatB. Tom JonesC. The Coffe-House PoliticianD. Amelia12. In Sheridan‟s The School for scandal, the man who wins the hand of his beloved as well as the inheritance of his rich uncle is ______ .A. Charles SurfaceB. Joseph SurfaceC. Sir Peter TeazleD. Sir Benjamin Backbite13. Which of the following works best represents the national spirit of the 18th-century England?A. Robinson CrusoeB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. Jonathan Wild the GreatD. A Sentimental Journey14. Shelley‟s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from ______ .A. the BibleB. a German legendC. a Greek playD. One Thousand and One Nights15..After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, we may come to know that Mrs. Bennet is a woman of _______ .A. simple character and quick witB. simple character and poor understandingC. intricate character and quick witD.intricate character and poor understanding16. In Byron‟s poem “Song for the Luddites,” the word “Luddite” refers to the ______ .A. workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemploymentB. rising bourgeoisie who fights against the aristocratic classC. descendents of the ancient king ,LudD. poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord class17. Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.A. comicB.tragicC. roundD.sophisticated18. A typical feature of the English Victorian literature is that writers became social and moral ______ , exposing all kinds of social evils.A. revolutionariesB. idealistsC. criticsD. defenders19. “Is it not sufficient for your infernal selfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?”(Heathcliff uttered the sentence in the death scene of Cather ine from Chapter XV of Wuthering Heights.) The word “hell” at the end of the quoted sentence refers to ______ .A. HeavenB. HadesC. the next worldD. this world20. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of ______ ,who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. justiceB. humorC. moralityD. property21. “He was silent with conceit of his son. Mrs. Morel sniffed, as if it were nothing.”(Sons and Lovers bywrence)From the above quotation, we can see that Mrs. Morel‟s attitude to her husband is ______ . A. sincerely warm B. genuinely kindC. seemingly angryD. merely contemptuous22. A boy makes a quest of his idealized childish love through painful experience up to the point of losing his innocence and coming to see the drabness and harshness of the adult world.The above sentence may well sum up the major theme of ______.A. Eliot‟s poem The love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. Bernard shaw‟s play Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. J oyce‟s story ArabyD. Lawrence‟s story The Horse Dealer’s Daughter23. Linguistically, compared with the writings of Mark Twain, Henry James‟s fiction is noted for his ______.A. frontier vernacularB. rich colloquialismC. vulgarly descriptive wordsD. refined elegant language24. Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true?A. Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture.B. He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil.C. His stories are among the best of the American literature.D. Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales.25. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson, the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism?A. As an individual, man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely.B. Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.C. There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul.”D. Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.”26. Whitman‟s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ .A. the strict poetic formB. the free and natural rhythmC. the easy flow of feelingsD. the simple and conversational language27. “Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______.A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human historyB. man‟s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destructionC. nature is evil as it was 5000 years agoD. nature has the ultimate creative power28. “Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space ,—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.”The above passage is taken from ______.A. Stowe‟s Uncle Tom’s CabinB. Cooper‟s “Leatherstocking Tales”C. Emerson‟s “Nature”D. Dreiser‟s Sister Carrie29. Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin?A. Stowe‟s Uncle Ton’s Ca binB. James‟s The Portrait of a Lady.C. Hemingway‟s A Farewell to ArmsD. Hawthorne‟s The Scarlet Letter.30. Beside symbolism, all the following qualities EXCEPT ______are fused to make Melville‟s Moby-Dick a world classic.A. narrative powerB. psychological analysisC. speculative agilityD. optimistic view of life31. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ______ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically.A. PuritanB. materialisticC. psychologicalD. religious32. In Daisy Miller,Henry James reveals Daisy‟s ______ by showing her relatively unreserved manners.A. hypocrisyB. cold and indifferenceC. grace and patienceD. Americanness33. The raft with which Huck and Jim make their voyage down the Mississippi River may symbolize all the following EXCEPT ______.A. a return to natureB. an escape from evils, injustices, and corruption of the civilized societyC. the American society in the early 19th centuryD. a small world where people of different colors can live friendly and happily34. Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner‟s story “A Rose for Emily,” can be regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities EXCEPT______.A. old valuesB. rigid ideas of social statusC. bigotry and eccentricityD. harmony and integrity35. As a Modernist poet ,Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ .A. cubist school of modern paintingB. Imagist MovementC. stream-of-consciousness techniqueD. German Expressionism36. The statement that a boy‟s night journey to an Indian village to witness the violence of both birth and death provides all the possibilities of a learning experience may well sum up the major theme of ______ .A. Faulkner‟s story “A Rose for Emily”B. Hemingway‟s story “Indian Camp”C. Irving‟s story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”D. James‟s story “Daisy Miller”37. Which of the following plays by O‟Neill can be read auto biographically?A. The Hairy ApeB. The Emperor JonesC. The Iceman ComethD. Long Day’s Journey Into Night38. When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an ideal ized dream, we are probably discussing about ______‟s thematic concern in his fiction writing.A. Henry JamesB. Scott FitzgeraldC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Faulkner39.After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.A. desperate and gloomyB. renewed in his faithC. wearing a black veilD. unaware of his own sin40. According to Mark Twain, in river towns up and down the Mississippi, it was every boy‟s dream to some day grow up to be ______.A. Methodist preacherB. a justice of the peaceC. a riverboat pilotD. a pirate on the Indian ocean1.Shakespeare‟s ____ are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.A. history playsB. tragediesC. comediesD. plays2.Wordsworth thought that ____ is the only subject of literary interest.A.nationB.past experiencemon lifeD.nature3.____ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.A.Francis BaconB.Edmund SpenserC.William CarxtonD.Sidney4.Which of the below is NOT written by James Joyce?A.DublinersB.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC.UlyssesD.Leather-Stocking Tales5.____is regarded as the first American prose epic.A.WastelandB.Moby-DickC.Song of MyselfD.The Scarlet Letter6.____has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American Literature ever produced.”A.Washington IrvingB.EmersonC.HawthorneD.Joyce7.Which is not the main concern of Emily Dickinson‟ poetry?A.her own experienceB.natureC.loveD.industrialization8.The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a ____.A.Jewish‟s classicB.black‟s classicC.student‟s classicD.student‟s herald9.Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with ____ of the American Dream.A.the bankruptcyB.the successC.the fulfillmentD.the forming10.____ is Hemingway‟s first true novel.A.In Our TimeB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.The Sun Also RisesD.The Old Man and the Sea11. The work that presented , for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely______.A. William Langland ' Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower'Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight12. The tragedy of Dr.Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe's The Tragic History of Dr.Faustus, is the very face that_____.A. man is confined to timeB. he tried to join Africa to SpainC. he became a man without soul after he sold itD. he conjured up Helen, the lady who was the very course of the Trojan War13. Here are two lines from a ling poem: "Upon a great adventure he was bond, That greatest Gloriana to him gave." The poem must be_____.A. BeowulfB. John Milton's Samson AgonistesC. Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a County ChurchyardD. Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene14. Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______.A .the former celebrates reason, rationality , order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual's feeling and experiencesB. the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC. the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation.D. the former advocates the "return to nature" whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models15. When he writes, in An Essay on Criticism, "A vile conceit in pompous words expressed, / Is like a clown in regal purple dressed", Alexander Pope means that __________.A. pompous words are always destructive to good tasteB.the purple colour is for the royal only and it is ridiculous to dress a clown in purpleC. conceits are always misleadingD. true wit is best in a plain style16. "The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks."（Samuel Johnson, "To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield"）The speaker here is ______.A. cheerfulB. ironicC. mysteriousD. nonchalant17. "Surface", "Sneerwell", "Backbite", and "Candour" are most likely the names of the characters in ________.A. Shaw's Mrs Warren's ProfessionB. Sheridan's The School for ScandalC. Shakespeare's Love's Labour's LostD. Christopher Marlowe's Dr.Faustus18. The first line of William Blake's well-known poem "The Tyger" reads, "Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright".The repeated word "tiger" （tiger）with an exclamation mark suggests_______.A. joyB. fearC. painD. fondness19. What does Wordsworth's poem "The Solitary Reaper" tell us about Romanticist?A. To romanticists, poetry is an expression of an individual's feelings and experiences no matter how fragmentary and momentary these feelings and experiences are.B. Romanticist take delight only in sound effect, the theme of a work is not their concernC. Romanticist are not patient people; they would leave before the revelation of the theme.Poetry should present the apparent and tangible.20. The lines, "It was a miracle of rare device,/ A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice," are found in __________.A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Kubla Khan"B. William Wordsworth's "Lines Written in Early Spring"C. John Keats's "Ode to Autumn"D. Percy Bysshe Shelly's "ode to the West Wind"21. Eliot’s poem, The Waste Land, is mainly concerned with the _____________ of s mordern civilization.A. social corruptionB. spiritual breakupC. physical breakupD. religious corruption.22. Prometheus Unbound is Shelley's greatest achievement. Prometheus, according to the Greek mythology, was chained by Zeus on Mount Caucasus and suffered the vulture's feeding on his liver for_________.A. planning a revolt to dethrone GodB. misinterpreting God's decree to reconcile man and natureC. prophesying the arrival of spring in a winter seasonD. stealing the fire from heaven and giving it to man23. " 'Damn the fool! There he is', cried Heathcliff, sinking back into his seat. 'Hush, my darling! Hush, hush, Catherine! I'll stay. If he shot me so, I'd expire with a blessing in my lips.'" The novel from which the passage is taken must be _________.A. Jane Austen's Pride and PrejudiceB. Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity ShopC. Samuel Richardson's PamelaD. Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights24. "My Last Duchess" is a poem that best exemplifier Robert Browning's ________.A. sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB. excellent choice of wordsC. mastering of the metrical devicesD. use of the dramatic monologue25. Here is a passage from Middlemarch, a novel by George Eliot: "Her blooming full-pulsed youth stood there in a moral imprisonment which made itself one with the chill, colourless, narrowed landscape, with the shrunken furniture, the never-read books, and the ghostly stag in pale fanatic world that seemed to be vanishing from the daylight," Who is the lady mentioned in the quoted passage?A. DorotheaB. EmmaC. MollyD. Irene26. Tess of the D'Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy's best known novels, portrays man as ________.being hereditarily either good or badB. being self-sufficientC. having no control over his own fateD. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion27. Which of the following brings LITTLE impact on the development of 20th century literature?A. Friedrich Nietzche's assertions: "God is dead"B. Arther Schopenharuer's and Henry Bergson's philosophical ideas of irrationality.C. Oscar Wilde's idea of "Art for Art's Sake".D. Freudian-Jungian psycho-analysis28. The term tone in literature means__________.A. sound effect such as rhyme and metrical deviceB. the pitch of a word used to determine its meaning in the given contextC. the manner of expression to indicate the speaker's attitude towards the subjectD. a shade of colour to reflect the change of the light29. Which of the following best describes the speaker of T.S.Eliot's " The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock"?A. He is an man of a action.B. He is a man of apathy.C. He is a man of passion.D. He is a man of inactivity30. In which of the following poems by William Butler Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and the TrojanWar?"Sailing to Byzantium"B. " Leda and the Swan"C. "The Lake Isle if Innisfree".D. " Sown by the Sally Garden"31. "He was afraid of her -the small, severe woman with greying hair suddenly bursting out in such frenzy. The postman came running back, afraid something had happened. /they saw his tripped cap over the short curtains. Mrs Morel rushes to the door." The above passage id taken from _________.A. Charlotte Bronte's The ProfessorB. Charles Dickens's Domebey and SonC. wrence 's Sons and LoversD. John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga32. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels except ______.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. Ulysses。
206考研英语大纲原文
2016考研英语大纲原文(word版)2016考研大纲于9月18日发布后，跨考考研将第一时刻收录整理2016英语考研大纲原文，敬请关注!I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评判的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的合格或合格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有必然的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应把握以下语言知识和技术：(一) 语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用大体的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓舞考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2. 辞汇考生应能把握5500左右的辞汇和相关附表中的内容(详见附录一、2)。
除把握辞汇的大体含义外，考生还应把握辞汇之间的词义关系，犹如义词、近义词、反义词等;把握辞汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;把握辞汇生成的大体知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态进展进程，它受到科技进展和社会进步的阻碍。
这意味着需要对本大纲辞汇表不断进行研究和按期的修订。
另外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行把握与本人工作或专业相关的辞汇，和涉及个人好恶、生活适应和宗教信仰等方面的辞汇。
(二) 语言技术*1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总辞汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1) 明白得主旨要义;2) 明白得文中的具体信息;3) 明白得文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判定、推理和引申;5) 依照上下文推测生词的词义;6) 明白得文章的整体结构和上下文之间的关系;7) 明白得作者的用意、观点或态度;8) 区分论点和依据。
006040000英美文学选读课程考试说明
006040000 英美文学选读课程考试说明一、本课程使用的教材、大纲英美文学选读课程指定使用的教材为《英美文学选读》（附大纲），全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编，张伯香主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年版。
二、本课程的试卷题型及试题难易程度1.试卷题型结构表2.试卷分别针对识记、领会、简单应用、综合应用四个认知及能力层次命制试题，四个层次在试卷中所占的比例大致为识记占20%，领会占30%，简单应用占30%，综合应用占20%。
3.试卷难易度大致可分为容易、中等偏易、中等偏难、难四个等级，试卷中不同难易度试题所占的分数比例，大致为容易占20%，中等偏易占30%，中等偏难占30%，难占20%。
三、各章内容分数的大致分布根据自学考试大纲的要求，试卷在命题内容的分布上，兼顾考核的覆盖面和课程重点，力求点面结合。
教材具体各章所占分值情况如下：四、考核重点及难点上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期（1）文艺复兴运动概述；（2）文艺复兴时期的文学；（3）文艺复兴时期的主要作家：埃德蒙·斯宾塞；克里斯托夫·马洛；威廉·莎士比亚；弗兰西斯·培根；约翰·邓恩；约翰·弥尔顿。
第二章新古典主义时期（1）启蒙运动；（2）新古典主义；（3）新古典主义时期的启蒙文学。
（4）新古典主义时期的主要作家：约翰·班扬；亚历山大·蒲伯；丹尼尔·笛福；乔纳森·斯威夫特；亨利·菲尔丁；塞缪尔·约翰逊；理查德·比·谢立丹；托马斯·格雷。
第三章浪漫主义时期（1）浪漫主义时期概述；（2）浪漫主义时期的主要作家：威廉·布莱克；威廉·华兹华斯；塞·特·柯勒律治；乔治·戈登·拜伦；珀·比·雪莱；约翰·济慈；简·奥斯汀。
自考英美文学选读(00604)
应用必背单元Chapter 1 The Ren aissa nee Period (2)Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period (6)Chapter3 The Romantic Period. (9)Chapter 4 The Victorian Period (14)Chapter 5 The Modern Period (18)Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1. 文艺复兴的主要作家及其作品1) Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene2) Christopher Marlowe: Dr Faustus Tamburlaine3) William Shakespeare: Henry IV; The Merchant of Venice; Hamlet; Othello;King Lear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet.4) John Donne: The Songs and Sonnets; The Sun Rising; Death, Be Not Proud5) John Milton: Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonisttes2. 文艺复兴The Renaissanceis a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.3. 人文主义Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissanceon its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4. 玄学诗The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with himself.5. 莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold andmoney. In his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule. Shakespeare is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.A. Shakespeare's views on literature:Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Shakespearealso states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.B. The characteristics of Shakespear'se characters:Shakespear'es major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.C. The characteristics of Shakespear'se plot:Shakespear'es plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.D. The characteristics of Shakespear'se language:It is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments—the language. Shakespearecan write skillfully in different poetic form, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：Shakespear'es greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole action. Each hero has his weakness of nature. With the concentration on the tragic hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense. Hamlet the melancholic scholar; Othello 's inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old King Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth 's lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.4. 邓恩诗歌的主题、意向<The Songs and Sonnets>. Love is the basic theme. Donne holds that thenature of love is the union of soul and body. The perfection of human lovers will not be made with souls alone. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval love idea which merely put stress on spiritual love. Donne's interest lies in dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love.5. 戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析In his romantic comedies, Shakespearetakes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. The most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice. The sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. The traditional theme of this play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.Compared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. Though there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare's youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world.6. 哈姆雷特的性格分析Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revenger. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning, and so contemplative that action, when it finally comes, seems almost like defeat, diminishing rather than adding to the stature of the here. Trapped in a night mare world of spying, testing and plotting, and apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father's death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspendedbetween fact and fiction, language and action. His life is one of constant role-playing, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare's play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. And also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.7. 诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to“justify the ways of God to men.”At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton 's fundamental concern with freedom and choice; the freedom to submit to God's prohibition on eating the apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve, seduced by Satan's rhetoric and her own confused ambition-as well as the mere prompting of hunger- falls into sin through innocent credulity. Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. But man's fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy, the fall of the angels.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton 's creed. His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and, of their free will, to choose sin and its inevitable punishment. And, thereby, it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period1. 新古典时期的作家及其作品1) John Bunyan ：<The Pilgrim's Progress>2) Alexander Pope：<An Essay on Criticism> <The Dunciad> <The Rape of theLock> <An Essay on Man>3) Daniel Defoe：<Robinson Crusoe>4) Jonathan Swift ：<A Tale of a Tub> <The Battle of the Books> <The Drapier'sLetters> <Gulliver's Travels> <A Modest Proposal>5) Henry Fielding：<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> <The History ofTom Jones a Foundling> <The History of Amelia>6) Samuel Johnson：<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chester field>7) Richard Brinsley Sheridan：<The School for Scandal>8) Thomas Gray ：<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>2. 启蒙运动The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty, and intellectual art developed.3. 新古典主义In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to neoclassical period, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer etc) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.4. 英雄双行诗Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible; Poetry should be lyrical 抒情的)，epical(叙事诗的,英雄的,有重大历史意义的)，didactic, satiric or dramatic, andeach class should be guided by its own principles; Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets(iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time,space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.5. 英国现实主义小说The modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Thus —the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century —is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class.6. 《天国历程》中“名利场”的寓意The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English Ianguage. Its purpose is to urge people to abide（遵守，坚持）by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor（r寓意，隐喻）—life as a journey—is simple and familiar.7. 蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观点及其诗歌特色An Essay on Criticism, the poem, as a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exert great influence upon Pope's contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England. The whole poem is written in a plain style, hardly containing any imagery or eloquence and therefore makes easy reading. Pope satirized all sorts of false learning and pedantry in literature, philosophy, science and other branches of knowledge.8. 鲁滨逊漂流记的特点The all-powerful influence of material circumstances or social environment upon the thoughts and actions of the hero or the heroine is highlighted. The struggle of the poor unfortunate for mere existence, mixed with their desire for great wealth, comes into conflict with the social environment which prevents them from obtaining the goal under normal circumstances and thus forces them into criminal actions or bold adventures.In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile naturalenvironment. He is the very prototype（n雏形，范例，原型）of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies（v 赞美，美化）human labor and the Puritan（W青教徒）fortitude（n 刚/坚毅，不屈不挠）,which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness9. 《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺As a whole, the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life-socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.The exaggerated smallness in Part1 works just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. the similarities between human beings and the Lilliputians and the contrast between the Brobdingnagians and human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state. Part 3, though seemingly a bit random, furthers the criticism of the western civilization and deals with different malpractices and false illusions about science philosophy, history and even immortality. The last part, where comparison is made through both similarities and differences, leads the reader to fundamental question: What on earth is a human bein、g10. 菲尔丁“散文体史诗Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose". He adopted" the third—person narration," in which the author becomes the "al—l knowing God." He "thinks the thought " of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviours but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.11. 格雷诗歌的主题与意象It is more or less或多或少）conn ected with the mela ncholy eve nt of death of Richard West, Gray's intimate friend. In this poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poet compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc（n/v 破坏，混舌L ） on them.His poems, as a whole, are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophisticated and allusive. His poems are often marked with the trait （n 特征，特点）of a highly artificial diction and a distorted word order.Chapter3 The Romantic Period1. 浪漫主义时期的作家及其作品1) William Blake: Songs of Experience Songs of Innocence2) Marriage of Heaven and Hell3) William Wordsworth: The Prelude Composed upon Westminster Bridge4) Lyrical Ballads I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud5) The Solitary Reaper6) Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan The Rime of the Ancient Mariner7) George Gordon Byron: Don Juan Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage8) Song for the Ludites9) Percy Bysshe Shelley: To a Skylark Men of England10) Ode to the West Wind11) John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale Ode on a Grecian Urn12) Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice2. 浪漫主义Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essenceit designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual 's experiences.3. 浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析A. In poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated newtechniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.B. The romanticists not only extol the faculty off imagination, but also elevate theconcepts of spontaneity and inspiration.C. They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominantsubject.D. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.4. 浪漫主义(所选作品)的主题、意象分析A. To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances. It's nature that gives him“strength and knowledge full of peace.Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.B. Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearanceand reality, ie. what things seem to be and what they actually are. Byron's satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be compared with Pope's; and his satire is much less personal than that of Pope's, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society. And the diverse materials and the clash of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron's insight into the difference between life's appearance and its actuality.5. a. The Romantic MovementIt expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people theiressential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against thedominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.b. The Gothic novelIt is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.(2) Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge were the major representativesof this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy: they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.Wordsworth is the closest to nature.To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where thequalities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art as superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendenceof the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & constructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.6. 小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.1) Structure, characterization & language styleThe structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. At the heart of the novelist's exploration of the marriage, property & intrigue lies the exhilarating suspense of the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy, & Jane Austen's delicate probing of the values of the gentry. The moments of high comedy in the novel are always related to deeper issues. Elizabeth's rejection of the odious Mr. Collins suggests her independence & self-esteem, but when Collins is accepted by her friend Charlotte Lucas, we see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to a void the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood. Conversely, in the elopement of Lydia & Wickham, we are shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. The comic characters in Pride & Prejudice are: Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins & that monstrous snob Lady Catherine de Burgh, who make us laugh even as they parody erroneous views of marriage & class.5. 应用Characteristics of Jane Austen's novels1) Austen's novels describe a narrow range of society & events: a quiet, prosperous, middle class circle in provincial surroundings, which she knew well from her own experience2) Her subject matter is also limited, for most of her novels deal with the subject of getting married, which was in fact the central problem for the young leisure-class lady of that age, who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.3) Austen's interest was in human nature; in her depiction of human nature, instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion, by passion or heroic experience, she focused on the trivial & petty details of everyday living, which became very interesting through her truthful & lively description.4) Austen's novels are brightened by their witty conversation & omnipresent humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness, elegant & refined, but never showy.6. 简奥斯丁对英国文学的伟大贡献：A ．Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in Englishliterature. She creates six influential novels.B．Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personalrelationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns abouthuman belief career and salient social events. This is what makes her important in English literature.C．Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of for, to its maturity becauseof her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and heraccurate portrayal of human individuals.D．She describes the world from a woman's point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women.7. Wordsworth 的写作风格1) The Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notablythe uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strongsympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular,dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description withexpressions of inward states of mind.2) According to subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified intotwo groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.3) To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectualengagement with the development of embodied human beings in theirdiverse circumstances. I'ts nature that gives him“strength and knowledgefull of peace.4) Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest.The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathyalways goes to the suffering poor.5) Wordsworth's deliberate simplicity ad refusal to decorate the truth ofexperience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no otherpoet has ever equaled.8. Romantic poets 与Romantic Age 的不同处：The poetic ideals announced by Words worth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made p the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.9. Songs of innocence 与Songs of ExperieneeA. Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy andinnocent world, though not without its evils.B. Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, warand repression with melancholy tone.C. The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis andconclusion differ.Chapter 4 The Victorian Period1. 维多利亚时期的主要作家与作品1) Charles Dicke ns: Oliver Twist; The Pickwick Paper; David Copper field.;Dombey and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Hard Times; GreatExpectation; Our Mutual Friend.2) Emily Bronte: Wutheri ng Heights.Charlotte Bron te: Jane Eyre3) Alfred Tennyson: Ulysses; In Memoriam; Break, Break, Break;Dora; Crossing the Bar; Morte d' Arthur; The Gardener's Daughter; ThePrin cess4) Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book; My Last Duchess5) George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss: Middlemarch: Daniel Deron da; Romola6) Thomas Hardy: Under the Greenwood Tree; Far From the MaddingCrowd: The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge: Tess of theD 'Urbervilles1. 宪章运动The worse ning liv ing and work ing con diti ons, the mass un employme nt fin ally gave rise to the Chartist Moveme nt. The En glish workers got themselves orga ni zed in big cities and brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the gover nment, with hun dreds of thousa nds of people's sig natures. The moveme nt swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.2. 功利主义Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happ in ess. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class in dustrialists, whose greed drove them to exploit ing workers to the utmost and brought greater sufferi ng and poverty to the work ing mass.3. 批判现实主义The Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems and interests and is used as。
7月自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自考英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answer on the answer sheet.1.With classical culture and the（）humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. Greek2.“Come live with me and be my love, / And we will all the pleasures prove / That valleys, groves, hills, and fields, / Woods, or steepy mountain yields.”The above lines are taken from Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, which derives from the （）tradition.A. pastoralB. heroicC. romanticD. realistic3.“Metaphysical conceit”is a strategy characteristic of John Donne’s poetry. It is（）.A. a confession that avoids questions of moral accountabilityB. the linking of images from very different ranges of experienceC. self-definition through images based on the four primal elementsD. the chaining of images representing solid and gaseous elements4.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”Shakespe are’s Sonnet 18 includes three stanzas according to the content with these last two lines as a（）, which completes the sense of the above lines.1A. preludeB. coupletC. epigraphD. exposition5.“Therefore at this fair are all such merchandise sold, as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as whores, bawds, wives, husbands, children, masters, servants…”The above sentences are taken from（）.A. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s TravelsC. Henry Fielding’s Tom JonesD. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe6.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an attack on（）.A. the governmentB. greedC. the churchD. the abuse of power7.Chaucer was the first English writer to adopt heroic couplet in his writhing of poems. In the early 18th century, the chief proponent of the heroic couplet was（）.A. Alexander PopeB. William WordsworthC. Lord ByronD. Thomas Gray8.As a lexicographer, he distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary—A Dictionary of the English Language. What is his name?（）.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JonsonD. John Milton9.Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true?（）.A. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 17th century.B. Neo-Classicism found its artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the contemporary French writers such as V oltaire and Diderot.C. Neo-Classicism put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, spontaneous emotion, and passion.D. Satire was much used in writing in the neo-classic works. English literature of this age produced a distinguished satirist Daniel Defoe.10.A poet asserted that poetry originated form “emotion recollected in tranquillity”. He maintained that thescenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry2could and should be made. Who is that poet?（）.A. William BlakeB. Alfred Lord TennysonC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11.The composition of “Kubla Khan”by S.T. Coleridge was based on （）.A. a storyB. a dreamC. a dialogueD. an experience12.Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in English during the period from 1798 to 1832. The Romantic writers（）.A. paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manB. were discontent with the development of industrialism and capitalism, and presented the social evils minutely in their worksC. took pains to portray a world of harmony and balanceD. tended to glorify Rome and advocated rational Italian and French art as superior to the native traditions13.“Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright/ In the forests of the night, / What immortal hand or eye / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?”(“The Tiger”by William Blake) The above lines（）.A. describe the tiger’s fierce eyes and forceful hands at nightB. express the poet’s curiosity for the skillful creation of the tigerC. express the poet’s surprise at the sight of the tiger’s well-proportioned bodyD. express the poet’s terror at the sight of the tiger in the forest at night14.Which of the following statements about Victorian literature is NOT true?（）A. Novels became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.B. Victorian novelists were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality, the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.C. Influenced by a particularly strict set of moral standards, Victorian writers like Oscar Wilde, advocated the old moderate, respectable life-style.D. Victorian prose writers joined forces with the critical realist novelists in exposing and criticizing the social reality.15.“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want3of a （）.”This quotation in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets the tone of the novel.A. houseB. titleC. wifeD. fame16.Tennyson’s poem Ulysses not only expresses the poet’s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life, but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration of the age. The poem is written in the form of （）.A. epicB. elegyC. dramatic monologueD. ode17.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent（）touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. realisticB. nostalgicC. romanticD. sentimental18.“If I’ve done wrong, I’m dying for it. It is enough! You left me too; but I won’t upbraid you! I forgive you. Forgive me!”These above lines are uttered by the heroine in（）.A. Shapespeare’s Romeo and JulietB. Emily Bront e ’s Wuthering HeightsC. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Bernard Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s Profession19.Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and（）as its theoretical base.A. the theory of psycho-analysisB. Darwin’s evolutionary theoryC. the French symbolismD. Utilitarianism20.The beginning of “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”moves from a series of fairly concrete physical settings—a cityscape( the famous“patient etherized upon a table”)and several interiors (women’s arms in the lamplight, coffee spoons, fireplaces)—to a series of vague ocean images. It aims to convey（）.A. Prufrock’s emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognize his second-rate statusB. Prufrock’s eagerness to meet his dating loverC. Prufrock’s reluctance to meet his dating loverD. Prufrock’s excitement about the modern world21.“No rth Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’4School set the boy free. An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.”The above passage is the first paragraph of Araby by James Joyce. It sets a(n)（）tone of the story.A. optimisticB. activeC. gloomyD. serious22.“I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, / And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made: / Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee, / And live alone in the bee-loud glade.”(“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”by Samuel Butler Yeats) The above lines present the state of a(n)（）life. A. quiet B. lonelyC. ambitiousD. unstable23.In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Good man Brown’s wife is（）, which also contains many symbolic meanings.A. RuthB. HesterC. FaithD. Mary24.The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of __________ to the outbreak of ___________.（）A. the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB. the 18th century…the American Civil WarC. the 17th century…the American Civil WarD. the 18th century…the U.S.-Mexican War25.“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough.”This is the shortest poem written by（）.A. E.E. CummingsB. T.S. EliotC. Ezra PoundD. Robert Frost26.Emily Dickinson’s poem“This is my letter to the World”expresses her（）about her communication with the outside world.A. anxietyB. eagernessC. curiosityD. optimistic outlook527.Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to（）.A. CynicismB. ModernismC. TranscendentalismD. Neo-Classicalism28.In（）, William Faulkner illuminates the problem of black and white in the American Southern society as a close-knit destiny of blood brotherhood.A. Go Down, MosesB. Light in AugustC. The Marble FaunD. As I Lay Dying29.The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is（）.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discriminationC. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past30.Heming way once described Mark Twain’s novel（）the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg31.As a genre, naturalism emphasized（）as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. theological doctrinesB. heredity and environmentC. education and hard workD. various opportunities and economic success32.（）is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “stream-of-consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry JamesD. Mark Twain633.（）is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post-war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a students’ classic.A. Allen GinsbergB. E.E. CummingsC. J.D. Salinger D. Henry James34.Which one of the following statements in NOT true of Indian Camp by Hemingway?（）A. A young Indian woman had been trying to have her baby for two days.B. Nick’s father delivered this woman of a baby by Caesarian section, with a jack-knife and without anesthesia.C. Nick witnessed the violence of both birth and death in the Indian camp.D. This woman’s husband was murdered while she was in labor.35.（）is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Carl SandburgB. Edwin Arlington RobinsonC. William FaulknerD. F.Scott Fitzgerald36.Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the“interior of the heart”of man’s being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed（）A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self-denialD. balance and self-discipline37.Which of the following has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of Eugene O’Neill’s literary career and the coming of the age of American drama?（）A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. Desire Under the ElmsD. Lazarus Laughed38.In the last chapter of Sister Carrie, there is a description about Hurstwood, one of the protagonists of the novel,“Now he began leisurely to take off his clothes, but stopped first with his coat, and tucked it along the crack under the door. His vest he arranged in the same place.”Why did he do this? Because （）.A. he wanted to commit suicideB. he wanted to keep the room warmC. he didn’t want to be found by others7D. he wanted to enjoy the peace of mind39.In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes（）for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth40.（）,disregarding grammar and punctuation, always used“i”instead of “I”in his poetry to show his protest against self-importance.A. Wallace StevensB. Ezra PoundC. E.E. CummingsD. William Carlos WilliamsⅡ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Reading the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,Thou mak’st thy knife keen; but no metal can,No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keennessOf thy sharp envy.”Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which this part is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this quoted passage?C. What idea does the passage express?42.“Whene’er I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the line “Then all smiles stopped together”imply?C. What kind of person do the lines indicate the speaker is?43.“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,8And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the word“sleep”mean?C. What idea do the four lines express?44.“I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”(From Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”)Questions:A. Who does“myself”refer to ?B. How do you understand the line“I loafe and invite my soul?”C. What does“a spear of summer grass”symbolize?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.Edmund Spenser is one of the poets of English Renaissance. What are the qualities of his poetry?46.The Man of Property is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies by Galsworthy. What is the theme and the tone of the novel?47.Eugene O’ Neill, America’s greatest playwright, was constantly experimenting with new styles and forms for his plays, especially during the twenties when Expressionism was in full swing. What techniques did O’ Neill use in his expressionistic plays?48.Emerson’s book Nature established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. In this book Emerson discusses his idea of the Oversoul. How do you understand theEmersonian “Oversoul”?9Ⅳ. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.Discuss Charles Dickens’s art of fiction: the setting, the character-portrayal, the language, etc, based on his novel Oliver Twist.50.A Rose for Emily is one of Faulkner’s short stories. Comment on the character of the protagonist, Emily Grierson, and analyze how this character is depicted.10。
的英美文学00604大纲
上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、评议风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、课程内容（一）文艺复兴运动概述1.意大利文艺复兴运动的兴起2.人文主义思潮3.文艺复兴时期的文学渊源4.英国的文艺复兴5.宗教改革运动及其影响（二）英国文艺复兴时期的文学1.伊丽莎白时代的历史文化背景2.意大利文学对英国文学的影响3.伊丽莎白时代的戏剧4.伊丽莎白时代的诗歌（三）文艺复兴时期的主要作家A.埃德蒙·斯宾塞1.斯宾塞的生平2.斯宾塞的创作生涯（1）抒情诗（2）传奇史诗《仙后》的构思、情节、内容、主题3.选读（1）《仙后》选段的内容、语言特色（2）斯宾塞诗节的构成及特色B.克思斯托夫·马洛1.马洛的生平与创作生涯2.马洛的著名悲剧（1）《贴木耳大帝》（2）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（3）《马耳他的犹太人》4.选读（1）马洛田园诗的主题、意象（2）马洛的代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》选段的主要内容C.威廉·莎士比亚1.莎士比亚的生平2.莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯（1）早期的浪漫喜剧、历史剧（2）中期的悲剧（3）晚期的悲喜剧、传奇剧3.莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）喜剧《威尼斯商人》（2）悲剧《哈姆雷特》（3）传奇剧《暴风雨》4.莎士比亚的诗歌（1）傻事诗（2）十四行诗5.莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的歌颂6.莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7.选读（1）十四行诗（18）的主题、意象（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》选段的主题、人物性格、语言特点（3）喜剧《哈姆雷特》选段的主要内容D.弗兰西斯·培根1.培根的生平2.培根的作品3.培根《论说文》的特点4.培根的杰出贡献（1）培根对现代科学作出的贡献（2）培根《论说文》的重大意义5.选读：《论学习》的结构、内容、评议特色E.约翰·邓恩1.邓恩与玄学诗派（1）玄学诗派简介（2）玄学诗的特点：主题、语言、意象2.邓恩的生平3.邓恩的文学创作（1）邓恩的诗歌：早期爱情诗与晚期宗教诗（2）邓恩的散文4.选读：所选作品的主题、语言、意象等特色F.约翰·弥尔顿1.弥尔顿的生平2.弥尔顿的文学创作（1）早期诗歌（2）中期诗文（3）晚期史诗3.《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4.史诗《失乐园》（1）故事梗概（2）主题结构（3）人物塑造（4）语言风格（5）作品的意义5.史诗《复乐园》的主要内容6.诗歌《力士参孙》的主要内容7.弥尔顿的散文8.选读史诗《失乐园》选段的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点等。
自考英美文学选读00604学习总结
[转帖]英美文学选读学习技巧我是外贸英语大专毕业的，为了拿到本科文凭，我的首选当然是英语专业，第一年我顺利就拿到8份单科毕业证书，今年四月我只剩听说与英美文学最难的二门。
通过今年考试我感受很深，也领悟很多。
我想这里开一个英美文学学习技巧话题，大家能交流一下学习经验或小窍门，为没通过或即将要考英美文学同学提供多一点信息和帮助。
谢谢！首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。
考题不会超大纲，答案自然都在书上。
只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。
我现在都能想象出题老师得意笑容，"我出的题难什么，都在书上"。
当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不到出头之日。
但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了，书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。
我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。
你所需要做的是把这课本看懂，读透，翻烂。
I don't want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an m ost direct and efficient way. Dont find too much resources, which cant easy your jo b, but increase your burden.我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。
大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。
我不断弄混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。
就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。
《英美文学选读》习题与答案
《英美文学选读》（课程代码：00604）I.The following passage is an extract from Letter to Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson, the leading figure of British neoclassicists. In 1747, when Samuel Johnson, began his Dictionary of the English language, Lord Chesterfield had at first indicated that he could be his patron, but when Johnson came to him for concrete help, Lord Chesterfield neglected him to the point of ignoring him; Johnson was insulted and furious. In 1775 when the Dictionary was published and acclaimed, Chesterfield openly recommended, hoping to get some credit for it as Johnson’s patron. Samuel Johnson wrote as reply his famous Letter to Lord Chesterfield in which he vented his feeling of hurt pride. Read it carefully, paying special attention to the rhetorical devices used, and answer the question. (20 points)①Is not patron, my lord, one who looked with unconcernupon man struggling for a life in the water, and when he hadreached to the safety of ground, encumbered him with help?②The notice you have taken of my Labour, had it beenearly, had been kind, but it had been delayed till I amindifferent, and can’t enjoy it; till I am solitary, and can’timpart it; till I am known, and do not want it. ③I hope thatit is no very asperity not to confess obligation where nobenefit have been received, or to be unwilling that thePublic should consider me as owing that to a patron, whichProvidence had enabled me to do for myself.Question:⑴what syntactic devices the author used in sentence ? And whatare their stylistic functions? (10 points)⑵point out the figure of speech used in sentences①and ③. (10 points)II. The following critical paper is about George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama “Pygmalion”. Read it carefully and answer the questions set on it. (20 points) 1 What we discover in Pygmalion is that phonetics and correct pronunciation are systems of markers superficial in themselves but endowed with tremendous social significance. Eliza's education in the ways that the English upper classes act and speak provides an opportunity for the playwright to explore the very foundations of social equality and inequality. Higgins himself observes that pronunciation is the deepest gulf that separates class from class and soul from soul. Playwright and character differ, however, in that instead of criticizing the existence of this gulf, Higgins accepts it as natural and uses his skills to help those who can afford his services (or are taken in as experiments, like Liza) to bridge it.2“At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learnto appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “an impression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.”3 Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment.At first, Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly returnto flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to makeher new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?”She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Wheream I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” Berst wrote that while Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved intothe wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnighthas tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Lizamust break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapableof recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well withinhis character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, fromhis first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social oreven individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing anddisgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. Question 1: Explain what is Liza’s Double Transformation?(10 points)Question 2: What makes Liza feel she is in an embarrassing situation when she is transformed into a lady in speechand appearance? (10 points)III.The following critical essay is about Thomas Hardy’s most well-known tragic novel “Tess of d’Urbervilles”. Peruse it and then answer the questions set on it (30 points)The social background of Tess of d’Urbervilles was in a time of difficult social upheaval, when England was making its slow, painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to amodern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or “new money,” joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of the ancient aristocracy, or “old money,” faded into obscurit y. Tess’s family in Tess of the d’Urbervilles illustrates this change, as Tess’s parents, the Durbeyfields, lose themselves in the fantasy of belonging to an ancient and aristocratic family, the d’Urbervilles.Hardy’s novel strongly suggests that such a f amily history is not only meaningless but also utterly undesirable. Hardy’s views on the subject were appalling to conservative and status-conscious British readers and Tess of the d’Urberville s was met in England with widespread controversy. Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness A freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers,. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,” as he tells his father in Chapter XVIII, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical young nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and improved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his disdain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charisma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays. As his name—in French, close to “Bright Angel”—suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather than burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron.His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after hisfailure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of “fallen humanity”?(15 points)Question 2: Why Tess converted the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in terms of her own tragedy? (15 points)IV.The following paragraphs are taken from chapter VIII ofbook IV in Gulliver’s Travels. This section pictures an ideal rational existence, the Houyhnhnms kingdom whose life is governed by sense and moderation of which philosopherssince Plato have long dreamed. Read them and answer thefollowing questions. (30 points)1Courtship, love, presents, jointures, settlements haveno place in their thoughts, or terms whereby to expressthem in their language. The young couple meet,and are joined, merely because it is the determinationof their parents and friends; it is what they see doneevery day, and they look upon it as one of the necessaryactions of a reasonable being.2 But the violation of marriage, or any other unchastity,was never heard of; and the married pair pass their liveswith the same friendship and mutual benevolence, thatthey bear to all others of the same species who come intheir way, without jealousy, fondness, quarrelling, ordiscontent. When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant. This caution is necessary, to prevent the country from being overburdened with numbers. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is not so strictly limited upon this article: these are allowed to produce three of each sex, to be domestics in the noble families3 Every fourth year, at the vernal equinox, there is arepresentative council of the whole nation, which meets in a plain about twenty miles from our house, and continues about five or six days. Here they inquire into the state and condition of the several districts; whether they abound or be deficient in hay or oats, or cows, or Yahoos; and wherever there is any want (which is but seldom) it is immediately supplied by unanimous consent and contribution. Here likewise the regulation of children is settled: as for instance, ifa Houyhnhnm has two males, he changes one of them withanother that has two females; and when a child has been lost by any casualty, where the mother is past breeding, it is determined what family in the district shall breed another to supply the loss.Question1.The satire in this work is seen entirely in a discrepancybetween Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. (15points)Question2. In what ways does the author satirize the rationalism ofHouyhnhnms society, for example, the rational idea onmarriage, and the family-planning? (15 points)《英美文学选读》试卷参考答案I. 【20分】Answer:The author used repetition and parallelism to make this satirical prose daintier and more repugnant in tone. This piece of prose is typical of neoclassical prose which set great store by elegance of the language which was achieved by way of rhetorical richness. 【10分】The author used sarcasm in these two sentences to openly deny Lord Chesterfield’s patronage and attack his insolent and blatant behavior. The sarcasm made in a circumlocutious way renders this satirical prose more taunting and bitter. 【10分】II【20分】Question 1: What is Liza’s Double Transformation?Act III of Pygmalion highlights the importance of Liza's double transformation, by showing her suspended between the play's beginning and its conclusion. “At Mrs. Higgins's ““At Home reception,” Liza is fundamentally the same person she was in Act I, although she differs in what we learn to appreciate as superficialities of social disguise (according to Mugglestone): details of speech and cleanliness. In modern society, however, as Shaw illustrates, it is precisely these superficial details which tend to be endowed with most significance. Certainly the Eynsford Hills view such details as significant, as Liza's entrance produces for them what Shaw's stage directions call “animpression of ... remarkable distinction and beauty.” Ironically, however, Liza's true transformation is yet to occur. She experiences a much more fundamental change in her consciousness when she realizes that Higgins has more or less abandoned her at the conclusion of his experiment. 【10分】Question 2:What is Liza’s Predicament?Liza experiences a sense of anxiety over not belonging anywhere: she can hardly return to flower peddling, yet she lacks the financial means to make her new, outward identity a social reality. “What am I fit for?” She demands of Higgins. “What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me?” While Pickering is generous, Eliza is shoved into the wings by Higgins. The dream has been fulfilled, midnight has tolled for Cinderella, and morning reality is at hand. Liza must break away from Higgins when he shows himself incapable of recognizing her needs. This response of Higgins is well within his character as it has been portrayed in the play. Indeed, from his first exposure to Liza, Higgins denied Liza any social or even individual worth. Calling Liza a squashed cabbage leaf, Higgins states that a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere no right to live. 【10分】III.【30分】Question 1: Why Tess is said to be a paragon of fallen humanity?Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when—like Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alec—they are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves. 【15分】Question 2: Discuss why Tess changes the idealist Angle into a realist Angle in a tragic way?Angel is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passionate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature” or “Demeter.” Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and blood woman with a complicated life. Angel’sideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s eas ygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s. Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and only then he realizes he has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he is brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life. 【15分】IV【30分】Question1. This work is called a satire which is seen entirely in a discrepancy between Swift and the Gulliver, the typical rational scientist in the age of enlightenment? Comment on it. 【15分】There are echoes of Plato’s Republic in the Houyhnhnms’rejection of light entertainment and vain displays of luxury, their appeal to reason rather than any holy writings as the criterion for proper action, and their communal approach to family planning.The Gulliver’s Travels is a book of subtle satire. The satire comes mainly from the discrepancy between Gulliver who is fitted out as the archetypal man of the enlightenment movement, susceptible to rationalism of 18th century. Swift on the other hand is very critical of his time, especially its rational thinking. Whereas Gulliver takes Houyhnhnm society as ideal utopia one, the author finds its rationality totally intolerable.Question2.In what ways does the author satirize the rational Houyhnhnms society, for example, the rational ideal on marriage, and the family-planning? 【15分】Paragons of virtue and rationality, the horses are also dull, simple, and lifeless. Their language is impoverished, their mating loveless, and their understanding of the complex play of social forces naïve. What is missing in the horses is exactly that which makes human life rich: the complicated interplay of selfishness, altruism, love, hate, and all other emotions. In other words, the Houyhnhnms’ society is perfect for Houyhnhnms, but it is hopeless for humans. Houyhnhnm society is, in stark contrast to the societies of the first three voyages, devoid of all that is human.But we may be less ready than Gulliver to take the Houyhnhnms as ideals of human existence. They have no names in the narrative nor any need for names, since they are virtually interchangeable, with little individual identity. Their lives seem harmonious and happy, although quite lacking in vigor, challenge, and excitement. Indeed, this apparent ease may be why Swift chooses to makethem horses rather than human types like every other group in the novel. He may be hinting, to those more insightful than Gulliver, that the Houyhnhnms should not be considered human ideals at all. In any case, they symbolize a standard of rational existence to be either espoused or rejected by both Gulliver and us.。
2023年10月自考00604英美文学选读试题及答案含评分标准
绝密★启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考（课程代码00604）一、单项选择题：本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分。
1. B2. A3. D4. C5. C6. B7. A8. D9. C 10. A11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. D31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D二、阅读理解题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分。
41. A. Henry Fielding; The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (or Tom Jones). (2分)B. Daughter of the well-off squire Western. (1分)C. Human nature. (1分)42. A. Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist (2分)B. A chimney-sweeper. (1分)C. Character-portrayal. (1分)43. A. Theodore Dreiser; Sister Carrie.(2分)B. Hurstwood. (1分)C. He turned on the gas in a cheap lodging-house and ended his life. (1分)英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考第1页（共3页）44. A. Robert Lee Frost. (1分)B. The speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon tworoads that diverged in a wood. (2分)C. The speaker took the road less traveled by. (1分)三、简答题：本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分。
自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料 (全)
转贴－强人总结《英美文学选读》自学资料(全)转贴－强人总结《英美文学选读》自学资料(全)American LiteratureChapter one : The romantic periodI. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.2. Emerson’s transcendentalism:The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.3.His toward nature:Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presenc e. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and naïve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch’s Sabbath, they become what they are. Even his c losed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.III. The symbolism of Melville’s Mobby-Dick1.The voyage to catch the white whale is the one of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of universe.2. To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that control the universe. As to readers, the whale is a symbol of physical limits, or a symbol of nature. It also can stand for the ultimate mystery of the universe and the wall behind which unknown malicious things are hiding.IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass” and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free v erse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.3.He uses the first person pronoun “I” to stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader.Chapter two : The realistic periodI. The character analysis and social meaning of Huck Finn in Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Huck is a typical American boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. He appears to be vulgar in language and in manner, but he is honest and decent in essence. His remarkable raft’s journey down on the Mississippi river can be regarded as his process of education and his way to grow up. At first, he stands by slavery, for he clings to the idea that if he lets go the slave, he will be damned to go to hell. And when the “King” sells Jim for money, Huck decides to inform Jim’s master. After he thinks of the past good time when Jim and he are on the raft where Jim shows great care and deep affection for him, he decide to rescue Jim. And Huck still thinks he is wrong while he is doing the right thing.Huck is the son of nature and a symbol for freedom and earthly pragmatism. Through the eye of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed. Twain contrasts the life on the river and the life on the banks, the innocence and the experience, the nature and the culture, the wilderness and the civilization.II. Daisy Miller by Henry James1. Theme: The novel is a story about American innocence defeated by the stiff, traditional values of Europe. James condemns the American failure to adopt expressive manners intelligently and point out the false believing that a good heart is readily visible to all. The death of Daisy results from the misunderstanding between people with different cultural backgrounds.2. The character analysis of Daisy: She represents typical American girl, who is uninformed and without the mature guidance. Ignorance and parental indulgence combine to foster he assertive self-confidence and fierce willfulness. She behaves in the same daring naive way in Europe as she does at home. When someone is against her, she becomes more contrary. She knows that she means no harm and is amazed that anyone should think she does. She does not compromise to the European manners.3. The character analysis of Winterbourne: He is a Europeanized American, who has live too long in foreign parts. He is very experience and has a problem understanding Daisy. He endeavors to put her in sort of formula, i.e. to classify her.III. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser:1. Theme: The author invented the success of Carrie and the downfall of Hurstwood out of an inevitable and natural judgment, because the fittest can survive in a competitive, amoral society according to the social Darwinism.2. The character analysis of Carrie: She follows the right direction to a pursuit of the American dream, and the circumstances and her desire for a better life direct to the successful goal. But she is not contented, because with wealth and fame, she still finds herself lonely. She is a product of the society, a realization of the theory of the survival of the fittest.3. The character analysis of Hurstwood: He is a negative evidence of the theory of the survival of the fittest. Because he is still conventional and can not throw away the social morals, he is not fitted to live in New York.Chapter three : The Modern PeriodI. Ezra Pound and his theory of Imagism1. The principles: a. direct treatment of the thing; b. to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation; c. to compose in the sequence of the musical; d. to use the language of common speech and the exact word; e. to create new rhythms; f. absolutely freedom in the choice of subject.2. Imagism is to present an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. An imagistic poem must present the object exactly the way the thing is seen. And the reader can form the image of the object through the process of reading the abstract and concrete words.II. Frost and his poetry on nature:Frost is deeply interested in nature and in men’s relationship to nature. Nature appears as an explicator and a mediator for man and serve as the center of reference of his behavior. Peace and order can be found in Frost’s poetical natural world. With surface simplicity of his poems, the thematic concerns are always presented in rich symbols. Therefore his work resists easy interpretation.III. F. Scott Fitzgerald and his The Great Gatsby1. Theme: Gatsby is American Everyman. His extraordinary energy and wealth make him pursue the dream. His death in the end points at the truth about the withering of the American Dream. The spiritual and moral sterility that has resulted from the withered American Dream is fully revealed in the article. However, although he is defeated, the dream has gave Gatsby a dignity and a set of qualities. His hope and belief in the promise of future makes him the embodiment of the values of the incorruptible American Dream .2. The character analysis of Gatsby: Gatsby is great, because he is dignified and ennobled by his dream and his mythic vision of life. He has the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of unutterable vision on this material earth. For Gatsby, Daisy is the soul of his dreams. He believe he can regain Daisy and romantically rebels of time. Although he has the wealth that can match with the leisured class, he does not have their manners. His tragedy lies in his possession of a naive sense and chivalry.IV. Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features:1. The Hemingway code heroes and grace under pressure:They have seen the cold world ,and for one cause, they boldly and courageously face the reality. They has an indestructible spirit for his optimistic view of life. Whatever is the result is, the are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will be prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.2.The iceberg technique:Hemingway believe that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. The one-eighth the is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story. Thus, Hemingway’s language is symbolic and suggestive.V. The character analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily:Emily is a symbol of old values, standing for tradition, duty and past glory. But she is also a victim to all those she cares and embrace. The so urce of Emily’s strangeness is from her born pride and self-esteem, the domineering behavior of her father and the betrayal of her lover. Barricaded in her house, she has frozen the past to protect her dreams. Her life is tragic because the defiance of the community, her refusal to accept the change and her extreme pride have pushed her to abnormality and insanity.。
《英美学选》和《英语国家概况》大纲调整自英语.doc
《英美文学选读》和《英语国家概况》大纲调整-自考英语高教自考英语语言文学专业两门全国统考课程将作调整全国考办在组织全国考委外语类专业委员会研究论证后，决定对高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业英美文学选读（课程代码：0604）和英语国家概况（课程代码：0522）两门课程的自学的部分内容进行调整。
调整后的《英美文学选读自学》和《英语国家概况自学》将于2009年4月考试试行。
具体调整《英美文学选读自学》的考核知识点与考核要求（一）关于考核知识点的调整考核知识点中的各章概述内容仍为考核内容；对知识点中的作家只保留对如下主要作家的考核。
英国文学：Chapter 1 III. William Shakespeare John Milton Chapter 2 III. Daniel Defoe IV. Jonathan Swift V. Henry Fielding Chapter 3 I. William Blake II. William Wordsworth V. Percy Bysshe Shelley VII. Jane Austen Chapter 4 I. Charles Dickens II. Charlotte Bronte VI. Thomas Hardy Chapter 5 I. George Bernard Shaw IV. T. S. Eliot V.D. H. Lawrence 美国文学：Chapter 1 III. Nathaniel Hawthorne IV. Walt Whitman V. Herman Melville Chapter 2 I. Mark Twain II. Henry James III. Emily Dickinson IV. Theodore Dreiser Chapter 3 II. Robert Lee Frost IV. F. Scott Fitzgerald V. Ernest Hemingway VI. William Faulkner （二）关于考核要求的调整考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整：该时期的重要作家只包含对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核。
自考英美文学选读(美国文史)00604
美国浪漫主义时期 (2)美国现实主义时期 (7)美国现代时期 (11)PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATURE美国浪漫主义时期1.主要作家及其作品：i.Washington Irving:The Sketch Book; Rip V an Winkle;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowii.Ralph Waldo Emerson:Essays; The American Scholar; Self-Reliance;The Over-Soul; The Poet; Experience; Nature iii.Nathaniel Hawthorne:Mosses from an Old Manse; The Scarlet Letter;The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales;The House of the Seven Gables;The Blithedale Romance;The Marble Fauniv.Walt Whitman:Leaves of Grass; There was a Child Went Forth;Drum Taps; Cavalry Crossing a Ford; Song of Myself;When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dv.Herman Melville:Moby-Dick; Billy Budd; Typee; Omoo;Mardi; Redburn; White Jacket.2.清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. As the word itself hints，Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship，and organization of authority. American Puritans，like their brothers back in England，were idealists，believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination，original sin and total depravity，and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America，they became more and more practical，as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. As a culture heritage，the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become，to some extent，so much a state of mind，so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere，rather than a set of tenets.3.超验主义Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively，or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech，"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and，therefore，self-re1iant. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold，rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ，the innate goodness of man，and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.4.象征主义5.自由诗Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted "free verse，" that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are，undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy. Whitman was the first American to use free verse extensively. By means of "free verse，" Whitman turned the poem into an open field，an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.6.爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the Individual, and Nature. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy. Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―over-soul,‖ since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all are a part. Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.. he means to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Emerson’s nature is emblematic of the spiritual world, alive with God’s overwhelming presence; hence, it exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind. ―God back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.‖ By employing nature as a big symbol of the Spirit, or God, or the over-soul. Emerson has brought the Puritan Legacy of symbolism to its perfection. 7.《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征In ―Y oung Goodman Brown,‖ Hawthorne set out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme ofhuman evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil，it exemplifies what Milville called the" power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work. In "Y oung Goodman " he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. "Evil is the nature of mankind." Its hero，a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard，is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night，and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.Allegorically，our protagonist，becomes an Everyman named Brown，a "young man" who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.However, The story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer，and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.8.霍桑的清教思想和他人性本恶的观点As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his ―black‖ vision of life and human beings. According to Hawthorne, ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that ―the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,‖ and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life., which is typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are basically depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.9.麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure，it is also a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe，a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology.Like Hawthorne，Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. He uses allegory and symbolism in Moby-Dick to present its mighty theme. Instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements，he used symbols，that is，objects or persons who represent something else. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups；facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings；the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale，Moby Dick，symbolizes nature for Melville，for it is complex，unfathomable，malignant，and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab，however，the whale represents only evil. Moby Dick is like a wall，hiding some unknown，mysterious things behind. Ahab wills the whole crew on the Pequod to join him in the pursuit of the big whale so as to pierce the wall，to root out the evil，but only to be destroyed by evil，in this case，by his own consuming desire，his madness. For theauthor，as well as for the reader and Ishmael，the narrator，Moby Dick is still a mystery，an ultimate mystery of the universe，inscrutable and ambivalent，and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search，not a discovery，of the truth. 10.惠特曼《草叶集》的结构(自由诗)、主题、语言特色1. The themes in Whitman's poetry：His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. Whitman believed that poetry could play a vita1 part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enab1e Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonia1 rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themse1ves in the new wor1d of possibi1ities. Hence，the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness. He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove，a rather taboo topic of the time，is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.2.Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission，having devoted all his life to the creation of the "single" poem，Leaves of Grass.（1）the title ：It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth，where there is water，there is grass. Grass，the most common thing with the greatest vitality，is an image of the poet himself，a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.（a）theme：In this giant work，openness，freedom，and above all，individua1ism（the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important）are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ，attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature，democracy，labor and creation ，and sings of man's dignity and equality，and of the brightest future of mankind . Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well.（b）the poet's essentia1 purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetica1 feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference shou1d be recognized. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was，according to Whitman，to behave as a supreme individualist；however，the poet's essentia1 purpose was to identify his ego with the world，and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America，which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".3.Whitman's poetic style and languageTo dramatize the nature of these new poetical fee1ings，Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry，which would first be discerned in his style and language.（1）Whitman's poetic style is marked，first of a1l，by the use of the poetic "I." Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains "Walt Whitman"，hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. In such a manner，Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.（3）Whitman is conversational and casual，in the fluid，expansive，and unstructured style of talking. However，there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman's thought and cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.（4）Whitman's languageContrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry，Whitman's is relatively simple and even rather crude. Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest，undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion，gender，class，and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader. Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English. Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerfu1，colorful，as well as rarely-used words，words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.美国现实主义时期1.Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County;Innocents Abroad; The Gilded Age2.Henry James: The American; Daisy Miller;The Europeans; The Portrait of A Lady;What Maisie Knows; The Wings of the Dove;The Ambassadors; The Golden Bowl; The Art to Fiction3.Emily Dickinson:4. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; American Tragedy1.What is Realism?In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James were the pioneers of realism in the U.S.1.What is Naturalism? (or American Naturalism)In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientic thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Ma rx. American Naturalism is a more advanced stage of realism toward the close of the 19th century. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’s theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. And consciously or unconsciously the American naturalists followed the French novelist and theorist Emile Zola's c all that the 1iterary artist ―must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.‖ They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society and portrayed the people who were demonstrably victims of society and nature. And one of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human ―bestiality‖, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpo1ished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldly in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control. Devoid of rationality and caught in a process in which he is but a part, man cannot fully understand, let alone contro1, the world he lives in; hence, he is left with no freedom of choice.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson, and Theodore Driser.2.The distinction between Realism and NaturalismNaturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.The distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerless.3.What is (Social) Darwinism?Social Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in ―struggle of the fittest.‖ Social Darwinists base their beliefs on theories of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Social Darwinists typically deny that they advocate a ―law of jungle.‖ But most propose arguments that justify imbalances of power between individuals, races, and nations because they consider some more fit to survive than others. The theory had produced a big impact on Naturalism.马克吐温1.Twain as a local coloristTwain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. Consequently, the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi became the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippivalley and the West became his major theme. Unlike James and Howe1ls, Mark Twain wrote about the lower-class people, because they were the people he knew sowe1l ancl their 1ife was the one he himself had lived. Moreover he successfully used local color and historical settings to i1lustrate and shed light on the contemporary societyAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are col1oquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simp1e, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken 1anguage. Mark Twain's humor is remarkable, too. It is fun to read Twain to begin with, for most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall ta1es.(2) The novel’s theme, characterization of ―Huck‖ and the novel’s social significance: Theme: The novel is a vindication of what Mark Twain called ― the damned human race.‖ That is the theme of man’s inhuma nity to man---of human cruelty, hypocrisies, dishonesties, and moral corruptions. Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Twain’s wonderful characterization of ―Huck,‖ a typical American boy whom its creator described as a boy with ―a sound heart and a deformed conscience,‖ and remarkable for the raft’s journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into an organic whole.Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.黛西米勒的主题和主要人物的性格分析1.The theme of the novelDaisy Miller is one of James’s early works that dealt with the international theme, i.e., to set against a large international background, usual1y between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cu1tures with two different groups of peop1e representing two different value systems: American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom.In this novel, the ―Americanness ‖in Daisy is revealed by her relatively unreserved manners. Daisy Miller, a typical young American girl who goes to Europe and affronts her destiny. The unsophisticated girl is cruelly wronged because of the confrontation between the two value systems. Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. In this novel James’s sympathy f or Daisy could be easily felt when we think of a tender flower crushed by the harsh winter in Rome.3.The content of this selection: Daisy has just arrived at Switzerland with her family and meets Winterborne for the first time. Two days later Daisy goes alone with Winterborne to an old castle, which is soon in the air among theby its narration from the point of view of the American youth Winterborne狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色The thematic concerns and the original artistic features of Dickinson's poetry: 1．Themes: Dicksinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her litlle lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.2．Artistic features: Her poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musica1 device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form: She used imperfect rhymes, subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years. Dickinson’s irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure also confuses readers. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbo1 and focused on one subject matter. Due to her deliberate sec1usion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative. She frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and personification to vivify some abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.美国现代时期1.Ezra Pound: The Cantos; In a Station of the Metro.2.Robert Lee Frost: The Road Not Taken; Stopping by Woods on aSnowy Evening3.Eugene O’Neill: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; The HairyApe;All God’s Chillun Got Wings; Desire under the Elms;Anna Christie; The Great God Brown; Lazarus Laughed;Strange Interlude; The Iceman Cometh;Long Day’s Journey Into Night.4. F Scott Fitzgerald: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful andDamned;The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night;Flappers and Philosophers; Tales of the Jazz Age;All the Sad Young Men; Taps at Reveille;Babylon Revisited.5.Ernest Hemingway: In Our Time; The Sun Also Rises;A farewell to Arms; For Whom the BellTolls;The Old Man and the Sea; Men Without Women.6.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; Light in August;Absalom, Absalom; Go Down, Moses;A Rose for Emily.1）The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems：Led by the American poet Ezra Pound，Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism，especially Tennyson's worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism，including direct treatment of poetic subjects，elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words，and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music，not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing，to stick closely to the object or experience being described，and to move fromexplicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound，Wallace Stevens，wrence，etc.products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined；they tend to be short，composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity，to avoid abstraction，and to treat the image with a hard，clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent. The influence of Japanese forms，tanka and haiku，is obvious in many. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse and they like to emply common speech. They stressed the freedom 2）The Lost GenerationIt refers to，in general，the post-World WarⅠgeneration，but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists，who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein，"You are all a lost generation，"addressed to Hemingway，was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises，which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial，materialistic，and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway，F. Scott Fitzgerald，Ezra Pound，E.E.Cummings，and many other writers who made Paris the center of their 3）What is Expressionism？Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision，transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism， a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events.In drama，the expressionist work was characterized by a bizarre distortion of reality. Expressionist writers's concern was with general truths rather than with particular situations，explored in their plays the predicaments of representative symbolic types rather than of fully developed individualized characters. Emphasis was laid not on the outer world，which is merely sketched in and barely defined in place or time，but on the internal，on an individual's mental state；hence the imitation of life is replaced in Expressionist drama by the ecstatic evocation of states of mind. In America，Eugene O'Neille's Emperor Jones，The Hairy Ape，etc. are typical plays that employ Expressionism4）The concept of "wasteland" in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literatureThe Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appeared over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the Jazz Age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality，there was only sterility，meaninglessness and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance，there was a hint of decadence and moral decay. Hemingway，the leading spokesman of the Lost Generation，dramatized in his novels the sense of loss and despair among the post-war generation who are physically and psychologically scarred. Though disillusioned in the post-war period，he strove to bring about man's "grace under pressure" and tried to bring out the idea that man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually. William Faulkner exemplified T.S. Eliot's concept of modern society as a wasteland in a dramatic way. He created his own mythical kingdom that mirrored not only the decline of the Southern society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society. He condemned the mechanized，industrialized society that has dehumanized man by forcing him to cultivate false values and decrease those essential human values such as courage，fortitude，honesty and goodness.弗洛斯特的自然诗2. Robert Lee Frost ，His nature poems：Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition，especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry，and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor，a careful，loving exploration of reality，in Frost's version，"a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world，the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However，profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form，for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature，as well as its beauty，and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully，which he practiced himself throughout his life.l. After Apple-PickingThis poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical wearinessStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。
2016年的英美文学00604大纲
上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、评议风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、课程内容（一）文艺复兴运动概述1. 意大利文艺复兴运动的兴起2. 人文主义思潮3. 文艺复兴时期的文学渊源4. 英国的文艺复兴5. 宗教改革运动及其影响（二）英国文艺复兴时期的文学1. 伊丽莎白时代的历史文化背景2. 意大利文学对英国文学的影响3. 伊丽莎白时代的戏剧4. 伊丽莎白时代的诗歌（三）文艺复兴时期的主要作家A. 埃德蒙•斯宾塞1. 斯宾塞的生平2. 斯宾塞的创作生涯（1）抒情诗（2）传奇史诗《仙后》的构思、情节、内容、主题3. 选读（1）《仙后》选段的内容、语言特色（2）斯宾塞诗节的构成及特色B. 克思斯托夫•马洛1. 马洛的生平与创作生涯2. 马洛的著名悲剧（1）《贴木耳大帝》（2）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（3）《马耳他的犹太人》4. 选读（1）马洛田园诗的主题、意象（2）马洛的代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》选段的主要内容C. 威廉•莎士比亚1. 莎士比亚的生平2. 莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯（1）早期的浪漫喜剧、历史剧（2）中期的悲剧（3）晚期的悲喜剧、传奇剧3. 莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）喜剧《威尼斯商人》（2）悲剧《哈姆雷特》（3）传奇剧《暴风雨》4. 莎士比亚的诗歌（1）傻事诗（2）十四行诗5. 莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的歌颂6. 莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7. 选读（1）十四行诗（18）的主题、意象（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》选段的主题、人物性格、语言特点（3）喜剧《哈姆雷特》选段的主要内容D. 弗兰西斯•培根1. 培根的生平2. 培根的作品3. 培根《论说文》的特点4. 培根的杰出贡献（1）培根对现代科学作出的贡献（2）培根《论说文》的重大意义5. 选读：《论学习》的结构、内容、评议特色E. 约翰•邓恩1. 邓恩与玄学诗派（1）玄学诗派简介（2）玄学诗的特点：主题、语言、意象2. 邓恩的生平3. 邓恩的文学创作（1）邓恩的诗歌：早期爱情诗与晚期宗教诗（2）邓恩的散文4. 选读：所选作品的主题、语言、意象等特色F. 约翰•弥尔顿1. 弥尔顿的生平2. 弥尔顿的文学创作（1）早期诗歌（2）中期诗文（3）晚期史诗3. 《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4. 史诗《失乐园》(1)故事梗概(2)主题结构(3)人物塑造(4)语言风格(5)作品的意义5. 史诗《复乐园》的主要内容6. 诗歌《力士参孙》的主要内容7. 弥尔顿的散文8. 选读史诗《失乐园》选段的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点等。
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2016年的英美文学00604大纲上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、评议风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、课程内容（一）文艺复兴运动概述1.意大利文艺复兴运动的兴起2.人文主义思潮3.文艺复兴时期的文学渊源4.英国的文艺复兴5.宗教改革运动及其影响（二）英国文艺复兴时期的文学1.伊丽莎白时代的历史文化背景2.意大利文学对英国文学的影响3.伊丽莎白时代的戏剧4.伊丽莎白时代的诗歌（三）文艺复兴时期的主要作家A.埃德蒙·斯宾塞1.斯宾塞的生平2.斯宾塞的创作生涯（1）抒情诗（2）传奇史诗《仙后》的构思、情节、内容、主题3.选读（1）《仙后》选段的内容、语言特色（2）斯宾塞诗节的构成及特色B.克思斯托夫·马洛1.马洛的生平与创作生涯2.马洛的著名悲剧（1）《贴木耳大帝》（2）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（3）《马耳他的犹太人》4.选读（1）马洛田园诗的主题、意象（2）马洛的代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》选段的主要内容C.威廉·莎士比亚1.莎士比亚的生平2.莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯（1）早期的浪漫喜剧、历史剧（2）中期的悲剧（3）晚期的悲喜剧、传奇剧3.莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义（1）喜剧《威尼斯商人》（2）悲剧《哈姆雷特》（3）传奇剧《暴风雨》4.莎士比亚的诗歌（1）傻事诗（2）十四行诗5.莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义（1）对社会现实的批判（2）对人文主义的歌颂6.莎士比亚的艺术成就（1）人物塑造（2）情节结构（3）语言风格7.选读（1）十四行诗（18）的主题、意象（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》选段的主题、人物性格、语言特点（3）喜剧《哈姆雷特》选段的主要内容D.弗兰西斯·培根1.培根的生平2.培根的作品3.培根《论说文》的特点4.培根的杰出贡献（1）培根对现代科学作出的贡献（2）培根《论说文》的重大意义5.选读：《论学习》的结构、内容、评议特色E.约翰·邓恩1.邓恩与玄学诗派（1）玄学诗派简介（2）玄学诗的特点：主题、语言、意象2.邓恩的生平3.邓恩的文学创作（1）邓恩的诗歌：早期爱情诗与晚期宗教诗（2）邓恩的散文4.选读：所选作品的主题、语言、意象等特色F.约翰·弥尔顿1.弥尔顿的生平2.弥尔顿的文学创作（1）早期诗歌（2）中期诗文（3）晚期史诗3.《利西达斯》：挽歌及其特点4.史诗《失乐园》（1）故事梗概（2）主题结构（3）人物塑造（4）语言风格（5）作品的意义5.史诗《复乐园》的主要内容6.诗歌《力士参孙》的主要内容7.弥尔顿的散文8.选读史诗《失乐园》选段的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点等。
三、考核知识点（一）文艺复兴时期概述及人文主义思潮对文学创作的影响（二）文艺复兴时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等。
1.埃德蒙·斯宾塞2.克里斯托夫·马洛3.威廉·莎士比亚4.弗兰西斯·培根5.约翰·邓恩6.约翰·弥尔顿四、考核要求（一）文艺复兴时期概述1.识记：（1）文艺复兴时期的界定（2）历史文化背景2.领会：（1）文艺复兴运动的意义与影响（2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点（3）人文主义的主张及文学的影响3.应用：文艺复兴、人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释（二）该时期的重要作家1.一般识记：重要作家的文学生涯2.识记：重要作品及主要内容3.领会：重要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等4.应用：（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题、意象（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点等的分析第二章新古典主义时期D.乔纳森·斯威夫特1.斯威夫特的政治及创作生涯2.斯威夫特的人文观3.斯威夫特讽刺散文的语言风格4.选读《格列佛游记》第一部第三章（1）作品故事梗概（2）作品的结构（3）作品的主题：对英国、欧洲现实社会的批判E.亨利·菲尔丁1.菲尔丁的生平和戏剧、小说创作活动2.《约瑟夫·安德鲁》3.《伟大的乔纳森·怀尔德》4.菲尔丁对英国小说的贡献：“散文体史诗”5.菲尔丁的语言特色6.选读《汤姆·琼斯》第四部第八章（1）作品故事梗概（2）作品人物的刻画（3）作品的史诗特征F.塞缪尔·约翰逊1.约翰逊的文学创作生涯2.约翰逊的主要作品3.约翰逊的新古典主义的文学观及语言风格4.约翰逊对英国语言的贡献：《英语大词典》5.选读“致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信”G.理查德·比·谢立丹1.谢立丹的戏剧创作生涯2.谢立丹的戏剧的主题3.谢立丹的写作技巧4.谢立丹的主要作品5.选读《造谣学校》第三幕第四场（1）内容简介（2）作品的主题：对社会的讽刺H.托马斯·格雷1.格雷的生平2.格雷的作品及其感伤主义倾向3.格雷的诗歌风格4.选读“写在教堂墓地的挽歌”（1）诗歌的主题：死亡--哀叹人生（2）诗歌的评议特色三、考核知识点（一）新古典主义时期概述1.新古典主义时期英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景2.启蒙运动3.新古典主义时期英国文学的各种派别及其特点4.新古典主义文学基本主张与特色（二）新古典主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作的主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等1.约翰·班扬2.亚历山大·蒲伯3.丹尼尔·笛福4.乔纳森·斯威夫特5.亨利·菲尔丁6.塞缪尔·约翰逊7.理查德·比·谢立丹8.托马斯·格雷四、考核要求（1）新古典主义时期概述1.识记：（1）新古典主义时期的界定（2）政治、经济背景2.领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的艺术特色（2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特色3.应用：启蒙运动、新古典主义、英雄双行诗、英国现实主义小说等名词的解释（二）该时期的重要作家1.一般识记：重要作家的创作生涯2.识记：重要作品及主要内容3.领会：重要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、艺术特色、社会意义等4.应用：（1）《天路历程》中“名利场”的寓意（2）蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观及其诗歌特色（3）《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺（4）菲尔丁的“散文体史诗”（5）格雷诗歌的主题与意象第三章浪漫主义时期4.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张5.英国浪漫主义文学（1）诗歌（2）小说（3）戏剧6.英国浪漫主义文学的特点7.浪漫主义文学对同时代及后民英国文学的影响（二）浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.威廉·布莱克1.布莱克的生平2.布莱克的政治宗教观点、诗歌创作主张3.布莱克的诗歌（1）早期作品：《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》、《天堂与地狱联姻》（2）晚期作品：《先知书》4.布莱克诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.布莱克的诗歌对20世纪英国文学的影响6.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等。
B.威廉·华兹华斯1.华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯2.华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张3.华兹华斯的诗歌（1）抒情诗：《抒情歌谣集》、《丁登寺旁》（2）长诗：《序曲》4.华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就6.华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等。
C.塞·特·科勒律治1.科勒律治的生平及创作生涯2.科勒律治的文学创作主张3.科勒律治的哲学思想和文学批评观4.科勒律治的主要作品（1）《老水手之行》（2）《忽必烈汗》（3）《克丽斯塔贝尔》（4）《文学传记》5.科勒律治诗歌的主要特点及思想意义6.科勒律治的文学创作及文艺批评思想对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等D.乔治·戈登·拜伦1.拜伦的生平及革命生涯2.拜伦的诗歌创作3.拜伦的主要诗作（1）《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》（2）《唐璜》（3）《该隐》4.拜伦诗歌的主要特点及社会意义5.“拜伦式英雄”6.拜伦的革命生涯及诗歌创作对同时代及后世欧洲文学的影响7.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等E.珀·比·雪莱1.雪莱的生平2.雪莱的诗歌创作主张3.雪莱的主要作品（1）抒情诗：《西风颂》、《云雀颂》（2）诗剧：《解放了的普罗米修斯》（3）散文：《诗辨》4.雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等F.约翰·济慈1.济慈眉善目的生平及创作生涯2.济慈的美学思想3.济慈的主要诗作（1）《夜莺颂》（2）《希腊古瓮颂》（3）《安底弥翁》（4）《伊莎贝拉》4.济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.济慈的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6.选读：所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特点等G.简·奥斯汀1.奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯2.奥斯汀的小说创作思想3.奥斯汀的小说（1）《理智与感情》（2）《诺桑觉寺》（3）《曼斯菲尔德公园》（4）《傲慢与偏见》（5）《爱玛》（6）《劝告》4.《傲慢与偏见》的故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格及作品的意义5.奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义6.奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响7.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等三、考核知识点（一）浪漫主义时期概述1.浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景2.浪漫主义文学分行的基本主张3.英国浪漫主义文学的特点4.浪漫主义对同时代及后世英国文学的影响（二）浪漫主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、艺术手法及社会意义等1.威廉·布莱克2.威廉·华兹华斯3.寒·特·科勒律治4.乔治·戈登·拜伦5.珀·比·雪莱6.约翰·济慈7.简·奥斯汀四、考核要求（一）浪漫主义时期概述1.识记：（1）浪漫主义时期的界定（2）历史文化背景2.领会：（1）浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响（2）浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响3.应用：（1）名词解释：浪漫主义（2）浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析（二）该时期的重要作家1.识记：浪漫主义时期的重要作家、他们的代表作品及其主要内容2.领会：重要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及代表作品的主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、社会意义等。