高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练环境保护

第三节题组训练 3 环境保护
A
(2017·河西区二模)
Air pollution is getting more and more serious in many places around the world.The fact that public parks in cities become crowded proves that people long to breathe in green，open spaces.And，in these surroundings，they are generally both peaceful and peaceable.It is rare to see people being at odds or even fighting in a garden.It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.
But do we only sense what life could be when we enjoy green spaces?
The plant world silently shows us what a reflection of life truthfully is.It also helps us to a new beginning，urging us to care for our breath.We must，in turn，care for it，opposing any sort of pollution that destroys both our world and that of plants.The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.Often described as “the lungs of the planet”，the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen.But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit.If we continue to pollute the air by filling it with chemicals and destroy the ability of plants to restore it we will soon pull our world into an unavoidable disaster.
Humans must learn to share life，both with each other and with plants.This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her- or himself and only when all work together.The lesson taught by plants is that human life can only exist with nature.We must come to view the air，the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the protection of life and growth，rather than productive objects we can use and throw away freely.Perhaps then we would finally begin to live，rather than merely survive.
语篇解读本文主要讲了为了保护地球，我们应共同努力，和谐地与植物世界共享生活。

1．What does the underlined part “being at odds” mean?
A．Relaxing. B．Exercising.
C．Hurrying. D．Conflicting.
答案 D
解析词义猜测题。

根据上一句中的“...they are generally both peaceful and peaceabl e.”可知，他们是和平的，因此很少看到有人争吵或打架等，因此猜测“being at odds”的意思为“起冲突”，故选D。

2．According to the first paragraph，what does the author suppose might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?
A．To get their share of clean air.
B．To pursue a comfortable life.
C．To gain a higher social status.
D．To seek economic benefits.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故选A。

3．What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?
A．The massive burning of fossil fuels.
B．Our relationship to the plant world.
C．The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D．Large-scale deforestation across the world.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段第四句“The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故选B。

4．How can human beings achieve the goal of protecting the planet，according to the author?
A．By showing respect for plants. B．By preserving all forms of life. C．By consuming all natural resources. D．By all making their efforts together.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句“This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her- or himself and only when all work together.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。

5．What does the author suggest we do in order not to just survive，but live better? A．Expand the range of living.
B．Develop nature’s potentials.
C．Share life with nature.
D．Explore new resources.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humans must learn to share life，both with each other and with plants.”可知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活。

故选C。

B
(2017·南开区二模)
The temperature is sharply rising with each passing day.People，including many experts，find it difficult to slow down the process.However，leaving coal and major fossil fuels in the ground could help to limit climate change in the future，according to a new study.That is to say，a third of oil reserves on the earth，half of gas reserves and over 80 percent of current coal reserves should not be used before the year 2050.If we are to prevent global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ought to carry out some measures to severely control the emissions from factories，vehicles and even our daily-life cooking.However，it is a goal that seems to be impossible in our eyes.
“Policy makers in different countries must realize that their attempt to completely use the fossil fuels within their countries is wholly incompatible(矛盾的) with their hope to reach the 2-degree goal，” Dr Christophe McGlade at University College London’s Energy Institute said in a statement.“If they go ahead with developing their own resources，” he added，“they must be asked which reserves elsewhere should remain unburned in order for the carbon budget not to go beyond the limit.”
It’s not surprising to see how tapping into these unused reserves would be attractive.Energy-related industry is a big business all over the world.There are many coal reserves in China，Russia and the United States，along with over 260 thousand million barrels of oil reserves in the Middle East.Not to mention that oil is currently being developed in the panies spent over 670 billion last year in the expansion of fossil fuels，but according to the new model used in this latest study，developers may need to rethink their plans to develop these underground resources so as to make some contributions to control the world temperature from rising high in the future.
“We’ve now got practical figures of the quantities a nd locations of fossil fuels that should remain unused in trying to keep within the 2-degree temperature limit，”added McGlade.World leaders and policy makers should take the advice to heart，because a recent IPCC report warned that if immediate and great actions are not taken soon，climate change will cause irreversible(不可逆转的) impacts on environments worldwide，leaving the world an unsafe place for us to live in.
6．According to Paragraph 1，our goal is to .
A．discover more fossil fuels for the future generation
B．slow down the climate change
C．refuse to use reserves on the earth
D．keep the temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

由首段中的“If we are to prevent global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ought to...”及“However，it is a goal that...”可知答案为D。

7．The underlined word “emissions” in Paragraph 1 refers to “”．A．things that are sent out into the air
B．products that are made from fossil fuels
C．factors that cause the climate change
D．changes that happen after temperature rise
答案 A
解析词义猜测题。

由前后语境可推知，画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”，故选A。

8．According to what McGlade said in Paragraph 2，all countries should . A．make full use of their fossil fuels
B．work together towards the 2-degree goal
C．find better ways to dig out the coal
D．increase the global carbon budget
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

通读第二段可推断出答案为B。

9．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that great efforts have been made in . A．digging out the oil in the Middle East B．getting people to rethink their fuel plans
C．developing fossil fuels around the world D．developing energy-related industry worldwide
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

由第三段中的“tapping into these unused reserves”，“in the expansion of fossil fuels”及“developers may need to rethink their plans to dev elop these underground resources”可推断出答案为C。

10．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of temperature control? A．Confident. B．Negative.
C．Satisfied. D．Unclear.
答案 B
解析观点态度题。

由第一段首句和尾句及最后一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持消极的态度。

C
(2017·天津一中3月考)
Styrofoam，or polystyrene，is a light-weight material，about 95 percent air，with very good insulation(隔热) properties，according to Earthsource org.It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material that protects items during shipping.
With the above good features，Styrofoam still enjoys a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing dangerous pollution into the air.The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency says it is the fifth-largest creator of harmful waste.
But now the common worms which are usually disgusting can come to the rescue，specifically，mealworms.Scientists from the U．S.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours，the plastic is turned into carbon dioxide.
Since Styrofoam has no nutrition at all，are the worms hurt by eating plastic? Much to the scientists’ surprise，the study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as healthy as worms eating bran(谷糠)．
The researchers will study the worm’s eating habits and digesting system，looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale.Once the way can be put into practice，it will make a revolutionary difference to the disposal of plastic.
“Solving the issue of plastic pollution is important，”says Wu，a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.After all，our earth is small and landfill space is becoming limited with too much garbage waiting to be dealt with，he says.
About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year.Plastic plates，cups and containers take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America’s landfills.One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years to recycle in a landfill，according to Cleveland State University.
11．What do we know about Styrofoam?
A．It can be used to cool drinks.
B．It is a weightless material.
C．It is harmful when recycled.
D．It is usually used on ships.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

第二段第二句“It cannot be recycled without releasing dangerous pollution into the air.”为双重否定，表达的是肯定的意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险的污染物”，故选C。

12．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．Mealworms have amazing digesting power.
B．Mealworms are not bad in their nature.
C．Mealworms can rescue people’s lives.
D．People misunderstood mealworms in the past.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段中“Scientists from the U．S.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of pl astic a day.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇的消化能力，故选A。

13．Why will researchers study the worm’s eating habits and digesting system? A．To find ways to help mealworms grow larger.
B．To imitate their ways of breaking down plastic.
C．To help develop their digesting ability.
D．To make sure of their safety after eating plastic.
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

根据第五段中“looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale (期望模仿塑料的分解但是在更大的规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料的方式，故选B。

14．In the future，plastic may be recycled .
A．by raising amounts of mealworms
B．by environmental engineering instructors
C．using a method inspired by eating mealworms
D．without sending out dangerous pollution
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料的回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。

15．What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Styrofoam is widely used in daily life.
B．Mealworms are genius at eating plastic.
C．Plastic recycling may be no more a problem.
D．Plastic can be turned into carbon dioxide.
答案 C
解析主旨大意题。

文章中作者首先提出了问题——塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一种能消化分解塑料的虫子，并说明研究者期望通过理解和模仿从而最终解决塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染的问题；故说明也许塑料的回收利用不再是问题，故选C。

D
(2017·河东区二模)
In the dry Namib Desert on the west coast of Africa，one type of beetle has found a special way of surviving.When the morning fog arrives，the Namib Beetle collects water drops on its bumpy(起伏不平的) back，then lets the water roll down into its mouth，allowing it to drink in an area without flowing water.
Shreerang Chhatre wants to use what nature has developed to help the world’s poor.Chhatre is an engineer at MIT who works on fog harvesting，the devices that，like the beetle，attract water drops.This way，poor villagers could collect clean water near their homes，instead of spending hours carrying water from distant wells of rivers.
Access to water is a pressing global issue.According to the World Health
Organization and UNICEF，nearly 900 million people worldwide live without safe drinking water.The burden of finding and transporting water falls heavily on women and children.“As a middle-class person，I think it’s terrible that the poor have to spend hours a day walking just to obtain a basic necessity，”Chhatre says.
A fog-harvesting device consists of a fence-like mesh panel(网状面板)，which attracts drops，connected to containers into which water falls.Chhatre has improved the materials used in these devices.He is continuing his work at MIT Sloan and the Legatum Center in order to develop a workable business plan for applying fog-harvesting devices.
Interest in fog harvesting dates back to the 1990s，and has increased since new research on the Namib Beetle became famous in 2001.A few technologists saw potential in the concept for people.One Canadian charitable organization，FogQuest，has tested projects in Chile and Guatemala.
But fog harvesting remains in its infancy，technologically and commercially，as Chhatre readily recognizes.“It still faces some open problems，”he says.“But it’s work in progress.”After all，the water that fills our rivers and lakes comes from air.
16．Which of the following is TRUE of Shreerang Chhatre?
A．He is an African engineer.
B．He is researching on the Namib Beetle.
C．He has made the first fog-harvesting device.
D．He is trying to put fog-harvesting devices to use.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“...in order to develop a workabl e business plan for applying fog-harvesting devices.”及最后一段中的“‘It still faces some open problems，’he says.‘But it’s a work in progress.’”可知，Shreerang Chhatre正努力尝试让雾收集装置被使用，故选D。

17．How did fog harvesting attract more people?
A．By being advertised by MIT.
B．By getting the help of UNICEF.
C．By researching on the Namib Beetle.
D．By being inspired by the invention of a fence-like mesh panel.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段第一句“Interest in fog harvesting dates back to the 1990s，and has increased since new research on the Namib Beetle became famous in 2001.”可知选C。

18．What do we know about fog harvesting?
A．It became famous in 2001.
B．It is still in its early stages.
C．It has been tested in Africa.
D．It was invented by FogQuest.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“But fog harvesting remains in its infancy...”可知，雾收集装置还处于早期阶段，故选B。

19．The underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refers to “”．A．UNICEF
B．the Beetle
C．fog harvesting
D．a Canadian charitable organization
答案 C
解析代词指代题。

根据前面提到的雾收集装置还处于早期阶段可知，这里接着说它还存在着一些问题，因此it指代的就是雾收集装置，故选C。

20．The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to .
A．stress the importance of saving water
B．show the Namib Beetle’s special way of surviving
C．introduce a new device for collecting water from air
D．inform people of the serious water problem in Africa
答案 C
解析写作意图题。

文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。

文章的目的就在于介绍这一种新的装置，故选C。