智能电子称重系统的研究英文翻译
有关自动称重配料系统的中英文翻译说课讲解
Automatic batching and weighing system system Now, along with the development of science and technology, Automatic batching and weighing system has been widely used in metallurgy, coal, chemicals, building material industry, etc. Automatic batching and weighing system can be set according to the input ratio and flow control of material flow, thereby achieve control of product quality and yield of the objective is to realize the automatic production process, and intelligent, enterprise's scientific management, safe and stable production and energy consumption is the important technical means. Computer control system in the production of ingredients used not only can improve the yield and quality ingredients and greatly reduce the labor intensity, and post to improve production efficiency.Belt batching system is a continuous totalizing automatic weighing instrument. It has played a critical role in coal, chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, food and other sectors that are crucial to national economy and people's livelihood. The cumulative control of some mixed materials batching is realized by batching scale. This accurate cumulative control can cut down the cost of manufacture, improve the quality of the product and enhance the efficiency of labor.Automatic batching and weighing system is a kind of integrating transportation, measuring, mixing in an online automatic weighing apparatus measured dynamic. This system consists of one or more ingredients belt scales, can show not only transient flow and total amount of conveyor belt, can also according to the value of the instantaneous flow deviation to adjust to the size of the feed to flow, constitute a closer setting control system, and achieve constant flow of purpose. Along with the rapid development of industrial production, electronic belt scale increasing demand of burdening system, was widely applied in a pan of metallurgy, power, chemical industry, food industry etc of process control. At the same time, along with the computer technology and the rapid development of the automatic control technology, the system application technology more advanced, more extensive, field can take the scheme is moreagile diversity, and, due to the system often costly, users of the actual conditions are also different. Therefore, careful, choose a reasonable, perfect, economic solution appears especially importantThe structures of the belt scales ingredients consists mainly of transmission mountings, weighing transducer speed sensor, scale, active roller, driven roller, conveyor belt conveyors, drag, adjusting devices, equipment etc. When the scattered in conveyor belt scale body through the material on the weighing scale body, the speed sensor and sensor signal and the weight of millivolt belt speed pulse signal through the junction box to strap balance meter.The overall design philosophy of the Automatic batching and weighing system of the belt is: Before the belt conveyer is put into operation, the settlement value of the flow of the supplies is established on the keyboard by the attenbant to carry on the belt. After the system is put into normal running, loading signal of the belt that the one-chip computer samples and the speed signal leaves, walk belt speed signal and belt instantaneous weight, unit of length is it can calculate out belt twinkling of an eye flow F of supplies to multiply (t) . The flow can be in charge of the number and show, offer the craft data to attenbant to consult in the twinkling of an eye. 8031 systems and then compare the actual value of the flow instead of the establishing value, calculate out controlling amount vi after PID regulates operation, and then change into the electric current and output the signal, and then enlarged and controlled leading the open angle of silicon controlled rectifier, realize regulating the function of the electricity electromechanical magnetism clutch excitation electric current of slippery difference, thus regulate the rotational speed of the slippery difference electrical machinery of executive body, enable transporting the flow of supplies on belts to stabilize in the adjacent place of settlement value as much as possible, have a good static index and dynamic performance.Automatic batching and weighing system is widely applied in industrial and agricultural production and social life in all areas. Especially the metallurgy, coal,chemicals, cement industries, often need to spread in the dynamic process of belt conveyor, and continuous weigh on conveying the flow adjustment and control, accurate ratio.The quality control of ingredients directly relates to the enterprise can produce smoothly. If the quality of compound reach requirements, causing a waste of energy, raw materials, while influence the quality of the products and productivity, and some of the important position of the ingredients for the production of mistakes even a accident. Therefore, the high precision and ingredients ingredients and how quickly the whole manufacturing restricts the product quality and yield response, so the quality and yield of compounding process control give enough attention. Electronic says automatic batching system can be set according to the input ratio and flow control of material flow, thereby achieve control of product quality and yield of the objective is to realize the automatic production process, and intelligent, enterprise's scientific management, safe and stable production and energy consumption is the important technical means. Computer control system in the production of ingredients used not only can improve the yield and quality ingredients and greatly reduce the labor intensity, and post to improve production efficiency.Because the system of production lines, with the same ingredients and composed of daytime belt says system for example. This system mainly consists of ingredients, instrument, electronic control frequency, industrial control computer cabinet, and monitoring and management software.1) ingredients electronic saidIngredients of electronic belt says the bulk materials through belt of automatic weighing and continuous accumulated, transportation and measuring two functions. Weighing part adopts resistance strain working principle, structure, roller leveraged practical work, belt constant velocity measurement called by feeding speed regulating superior to change the material flow, this type of enterprises with more than say for production process control.2) meter controllerInstrumentation control including daytime belt says, each instrument meter from receiving belt says the weight of the weighing transducer speed sensor signal and the changes of the belt speed pulse signal, calculate flow and accumulation. And will flow signals in 4-20 ma simulation current form, work-managing machine will flow for industrial computer signals and machine after comparison, according to a certain value of output control rule 4-20 ma adjusting control signal, feeder, forming a single speed closed-loop control certain material flow, achieve the goal.3) inverter arkArk of the converter, the dynamic control switch from higher feeding motor control signalsThe rev. Stop, simultaneously also accept four ^ from polymerizing-kettle - 20 ma adjustment, to change the output signalPower supply of frequency, and control site 7 feeder speed. If the inverter power,To configure the cooling fan, to ensure the converter can work normally.4) industrial control computer and softwareHuaShuo use polymerizing-kettle IPC - 610 # 14 industrial PC chassis frame 6179L length, configuration PCA - 512M memory and CPU card, with 80G hard disk, a PCL - 746 + 4 ports RS232 \ \ 485 communication interface card 422, 2-4 1720U type PCI simulation output channel segregation, work-managing machine as PC, through two-way communication interface RS485 with belt says, through RS232 instrument online communication interface with dynamic two-way the PLC control, analog output online control signal control feeding machine to flow, which constitute a complete system of the ingredients. Other vital industrial computer interface RS485 two-way communication, to prepare for and plant upper polymerizing-kettle communication.The main functions are monitoring software, according to the production offormula and yield target weighing process of automatic control, statistic data management and weighing achieve print. System software has a variety of on-site control mode and the input, a formula of adapting to different engineering requirements, users can set alarm print time parameters, use the menu interface, easy to use, users can through the mouse or keyboard operate on the ingredients, control and management system.The main components of the control system are belt scales, programmable controller, communication system design and monitoring software modules etc, electronic belt says the structure and working principle of below a specific instructions are not here, programmable controller using OMROM company CQM1H type module type programmable controller, configuration CQM1H - CPU21 - E type CPU module, PA203 CQM1 - power module, four CQM1-212 type 16 points I/O input module, 2-16 points OC222 CQM1 type of I/O output module, the system module points total 112. Each electronic belt says about the input signal is PLC belt running deviation switch alarm signal, belt skid alarm input, alarm, main belt running and site operation dish central/site selection, on-site control control feeding machine and belt conveyor start/stop, central control feeding machine and belt conveyor and stop signal, each electronic belt says about PLC output signal a belt running deviation indicator lights, startup, belt skid feeder, start signal of belt conveyor.Communication system design choices as PC software platform VB6.0 by use Basic6.0 Visual, with its friendly interface, easy to use, develop strong practicability etc, are widely used in both at home and abroad.Monitoring software module of the software is based on Windows 2000, operating system, and Basic6.0 Visual programming language, make Access2000 database management. Mainly used for system operation module which enter or exit site control condition, operating, establish initialization, a new production tasks, keep the ingredients of the project, the next after each parameter can be automatically boot, enter the project, in order to prevent general people literally,set up the start-up system login] function. Statements management module function is the first enter inquires, the operator can pages of all channels of historical data and browse ingredients, inquires according to the passage, when the date and time, divisions, data ingredients generate reports and print.On-site control module mainly used for setting engineering parameters, monitor and control field ingredients.Setting module for setting the initialization parameter ingredients and engineering. Namely, the time, the production of Numbers, initial placement, automatic reset manually/cumulative class, single/completion and other parameters said belt.The structures of the belt scales ingredients consists mainly of transmission mountings, weighing transducer speed sensor, scale, active roller, driven roller, conveyor belt conveyors, drag, adjusting devices, equipment etc. When the scattered in conveyor belt scale body through the material on the weighing scale body, the speed sensor and sensor signal and the weight of millivolt belt speed pulse signal through the junction box to strap balance meter [3]By feeding equipment materials to electronic belt scales, says the speed sensor weighing sensors and weighing and speed signal sent to weigh instrument meter, weighing the instantaneous flow conveying materials, accumulation, at the same time, the data such as measuring the measured value and value deviation, through the inverter to adjust the speed of the motor drive belt scales, make accurate to user setting to flow, material flow to a constant.For electronic belt scales, can choose just qualitative s-type weighing transducer. The connection mode using joint bearings, tensile condition in the lateral force, the ability, can be installed on the seal, compact structure, within the beam.The system is composed of a platform characteristic of a machine to control the multiple feeder, in order to achieve certain proportion between each feeder, the work is connected, and give a quantitative as current ratio, so itsmodified control structure is more complex.自动称重配料系统目前，随着科学技术的不断发展，自动称重配料系统已经广泛应用于冶金、煤炭、化工、建材等行业中[1]。
Digital electronic weigher(数字电子秤的中英文资料)
Digital electronic weigherAbstractwith the rapid development of Microelectronics technology in the new century，the using traditional tools in the market have been completely unable to meet the needs of people。
People have been expecting cheap portable electronic scales which can measure accurately、smaller and easily reading for many years.Electronic scales have come into being。
the electronic scale posses the function which traditional scale can not replace , such as weighing convenience, high accuracy, automatic control, simple operation, widely used in people's lives, industrial production, scientific research。
voltage outputted by the he resistance strain sensor bridge make use of ADC0832 Built-in amplifier，8-bit speed A / D converter, Convert Corresponding Digital signal。
The digital signal will be dealt by the program in the MCU, then displayed the weight of the object on the LM4229LCD. User can input the price of the object through keyboard, then the value of the object will be calculated and displayed。
外文翻译原文和译文基于电阻应变式称重传感器的高精度和低容量电子秤开发
外文文献翻译译稿1基于电阻应变式称重传感器的高精度和低容量电子秤开发Baoxiang He,Guirong Lu ,Kaibin Chu ,Guoqiang Ma摘要：基于称重传感器的应变计优化设计中除了一些先进的稳定技术比如温度的影响之外，静态超载和计算机模式识别（CRT）技术也被用来进行动态模拟与分析。
这种多谐振荡的压力释放方法是在生产中创造性的使用了压力传感器，由于这种技术，量程30G的压力传感器才能做到高精度，高稳定性。
由于使用了这种压力传感器，使得基于传感器的电子秤拥有300,00种分类和小于0.2mg的精度。
这种压力传感器的量程和精度远远高于市场上的同类产品，而其价格却远低于电磁压力传感器。
因此，这种压力传感器的商业前景是十分广阔的。
关键词：设计；电阻应变式称重传感器；精度；电子秤1.介绍众所周知，压力传感器的精度是决定一个的电子秤精度的关键。
目前，用于高精度称重的传感器主要是电磁平衡式称重传感器。
低成本电阻应变式称重传感器仅能用于使低精度的称量。
主要影响精度应变式称重传感器的误差是蠕变和温度漂移，特别是对于低负荷的传感器来说。
一般来说，高精度传感器的负载能力最低是300克。
称重传感器的最大分配平衡只有50K，最小分辨率是不小于0.01克。
总而言之，对于超低容量称重传感器来说设计和制造技术是很难被应用到敏感的称重传感器的加工和生产中的。
因此很难做出足够好的高精度平衡的称重传感器。
使得低量程和高精度的传感器始终是全世界的热门话题。
本文将分析应力释放及补偿技术，探索低量程高精度应变式称重传感器的制造技术。
2．原理与方法A. 残余应力的释放制作压力传感器主要部件的材料是铝棒。
为了获得更好的综合性能，铝条会在挤压后进行淬火。
由于淬火的残余应力不能被自然老化而得到充分释放，此外，机械加工和固化过程中也会造成很大的残余应力，特别是对于超低容量称重传感器来说，如果这个压力不及时释放，可能就会在压力传感器被测试或者是最终使用的时候释放出来。
电子秤用英语怎么说
电子秤用英语怎么说电子秤属于衡器的一种，利用胡克定律或力的杠杆平衡原理测定物体质量的工具。
那么你知道电子秤用英语怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来电子秤的英语说法，欢迎大家阅读。
电子秤的英语说法electronic balanceElectronic scale电子秤相关英语表达手持电子秤 Pocket Digital Weight Scale语音电子秤 Voice Electronic Scale电子秤玻璃 Electronic Scales Glass智能电子秤 intelligent electronic-scale电子秤的英语例句1. The captive birds were trained to weigh themselves on electronic balances.笼鸟被训练得自行在电子秤上称体重.2. Exact measurment of quantities ( style includ; use cup measure and electron steelyard ).计量准确( 计量方式有量杯计量及电子秤重计量 ).3. Personality default label in the business card printing machine or electronic scale.标签在制卡机或电子秤上的应用情况.4. Generally, electronic scales are used to weigh commodities in supermarkets.超级市场里一般都用电子秤称商品重量.5. Scale , stop - clock, laboratory balance, thermometer, pH meter.尺规,计时器, 电子秤, 温度计, 酸碱度计.6. Fully automatically controlled and metered by electronicscales.全自动控制和计量的电子秤.7. The whole error is less than 5 % comparing with the electronic - weighing device in work site.在现场与电子秤比对,整机精度误差小于5%.8. Single - point, Parallel beam, Aluminium load cell ; used for electronic scale, Platform and industrial weighing system.单点平行梁结构、铝制金传感器; 用于电子秤、台秤、工业秤重系统等.9. Wide attention is paid to electronic load scale to crane hook to insure safe crane operation.为保证起重机的使用安全,钩头动态电子秤受到了工矿企业与港口码头的普遍重视.10. Such weighing hoppers are suitable for electronic scales and have evident effect of arch - eliminating and anti - blocking.并根据此种方法开发设计了适合在电子秤上使用的自动破拱橡胶秤斗,这种秤斗有比较明显的破拱、防堵塞效果.11. A practical multifunctional electronic scale system hashed on single chip computer is introduced.介绍一种采用单片机控制的实用多功能电子秤系统.12. Series DCS electrical ration balance is controlled by microcomputer and weight by balance.DCS系列电子定量秤由微电脑控制,采用电子秤计量.13. However, the pedlar of a few be blinded gain is cogged on balance entrap consumer.然而, 一些利欲熏心的商贩在电子秤上作弊坑害消费者.。
数字身高体重测量仪论文
学科分类号0805本科毕业设计题目（中文）：体重及超声波远距测高仪-----体重检测（英文）：Weight and ultrasonic distance altimeter-----weight detection姓名学号院（系）工程与设计学院专业、年级指导教师兆仁二〇一四年五月师大学本科毕业设计诚信声明本人重声明：所呈交的本科毕业设计，是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议，除设计中已经注明引用的容外，本设计不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。
对本设计的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
本科毕业设计作者签名：二〇一四年五月二十日师大学本科毕业设计任务书XX师大学工程与设计学院指导教师指导毕业设计情况登记表师大学本科毕业设计评审表优秀，80—89分记为良好，70—79分记为中等，60—69分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。
若译文成绩为零，则不计总成绩，评定等级记为不及格。
师大学本科毕业设计答辩记录表目录摘要1Abstract21 引言31.1 选题背景及目的31.2 总体方案设计与论证41.2.1 设计任务41.2.2 设计容41.2.3 方案论证与选择52 硬件电路设计62.1 主控电路62.2 超声波测高模块电路82.2.1 超声波传感器及其测高原理82.2.2 超声波传感器电气参数及其时序图92.3 压力传感器称重模块112.3.1 压力传感器112.3.2 称重AD转换芯片132.3.3 称重部分AD转换基本原理152.3.4 称重传感器重量标定162.4 LCD1602液晶显示模块172.4.1 LCD1602介绍172.4.2 LCD1602主要技术参数及其时序图193 系统软件设计213.1 单片机初始化程序设计213.2 超声波测高模块程序设计223.3 测体重程序设计243.4 液晶显示模块程序设计24 结论26参考文献27附录28致58体重及超声波远距离测高仪-----体重检测专业：电子信息工程年级：2010级：练摘要在如今体检过程中，身高和体重是必要的测量部分。
电子秤用英语怎么说.doc
电子秤用英语怎么说电子秤的英语说法electronic balanceElectronic scale电子秤相关英语表达手持电子秤Pocket Digital Weight Scale语音电子秤V oice Electronic Scale电子秤玻璃Electronic Scales Glass智能电子秤intelligent electronic-scale电子秤的英语例句1. The captive birds were trained to weigh themselves on electronic balances.笼鸟被训练得自行在电子秤上称体重.2. Exact measurment of quantities ( style includ; use cup measure and electron steelyard ).计量准确( 计量方式有量杯计量及电子秤重计量).3. Personality default label in the business card printing machine or electronic scale.标签在制卡机或电子秤上的应用情况.4. Generally, electronic scales are used to weigh commodities in supermarkets.超级市场里一般都用电子秤称商品重量.5. Scale , stop - clock, laboratory balance, thermometer, pHmeter.尺规,计时器, 电子秤, 温度计, 酸碱度计.6. Fully automatically controlled and metered by electronic scales.全自动控制和计量的电子秤.7. The whole error is less than 5 % comparing with the electronic - weighing device in work site.在现场与电子秤比对,整机精度误差小于5%.8. Single - point, Parallel beam, Aluminium load cell ; used for electronic scale, Platform and industrial weighing system.单点平行梁结构、铝制金传感器; 用于电子秤、台秤、工业秤重系统等.9. Wide attention is paid to electronic load scale to crane hook to insure safe crane operation.为保证起重机的使用安全,钩头动态电子秤受到了工矿企业与港口码头的普遍重视.10. Such weighing hoppers are suitable for electronic scales and have evident effect of arch - eliminating and anti - blocking.并根据此种方法开发设计了适合在电子秤上使用的自动破拱橡胶秤斗,这种秤斗有比较明显的破拱、防堵塞效果.11. A practical multifunctional electronic scale system hashed on single chip computer is introduced.介绍一种采用单片机控制的实用多功能电子秤系统.12. Series DCS electrical ration balance is controlled by microcomputer and weight by balance.DCS系列电子定量秤由微电脑控制,采用电子秤计量.13. However, the pedlar of a few be blinded gain is cogged on balance entrap consumer.然而, 一些利欲熏心的商贩在电子秤上作弊坑害消费者.1.电子秤修理方法2.电子秤的用法与注意事项3.电子产品用英语怎么说4.电子秤用英语怎么说5.电子体重秤的使用方法。
有关自动称重配料系统的中英文翻译
有关自动称重配料系统的中英文翻译．Automatic batching and weighing system systemNow, along with the development of science and technology,Automatic batching and weighing system has been widely used in metallurgy, coal, chemicals, building material industry, etc.Automatic batching and weighing system can be set according to theinput ratio and flow control of material flow, thereby achieve controlof product quality and yield of the objective is to realize the automatic production process, and intelligent, enterprise'sscientific management, safe and stable production and energy consumption is the important technical means. Computer control systemin the production of ingredients used not only can improve the yield and quality ingredients and greatly reduce the labor intensity, andpost to improve production efficiency.Belt batching system is a continuoustotalizing automatic weighing instrument. Ithas played a critical role in coal,chemicalindustry, metallurgy, building materials, foodand other sectors that are crucial to nationaleconomy and people's livelihood. The cumulative control of some mixed materials batching isrealized by batching scale. This accuratecontrol can cut down the cost of cumulative manufacture, improve the quality of theproduct and enhance theefficiency of labor.Automatic batching and weighing system is a kind of integratingtransportation, measuring, mixing in an online automatic weighing more or consists of one system apparatus measured dynamic. This ingredients belt scales, can show not only transient flow and total the value of amount of conveyor belt, can also according to theflow, the feed to adjust instantaneous flow deviation to to the size of flow and achieve constant constitute a closer setting control system, production, of industrial of purpose. Along with the rapid development electronic belt scale increasing demand of burdening system, wasfood industry, in widely applied a pan of metallurgy, power, chemical industry etc of process control. At the same time, along with the control of technology and the rapid development the automatic computer technology, the system application technology more advanced, more extensive, field can take the scheme is more agile diversity, and, due to the system often costly, users of the actual conditions are also different. Therefore, careful, choose a reasonable, perfect, economic solution appears especially importantof of the belt scales ingredients consists mainly The structures scale, speed sensor, mountings, weighing transducer transmission drag, conveyors, roller, conveyor belt active roller, drivenbelt scattered in conveyor adjusting devices, equipment etc. When the speed the the scale body through the material on weighing scale body, pulse and the weight of millivolt belt speed sensor sensor and signal signal through the junction box to strap balance meter.The overall design philosophy of the Automatic batching andinto belt conveyer put is Before of weighing system the belt is: the operation, the settlement value of the flow of the supplies isbelt. carry on the attenbant the established on keyboard by the to After the system is put into normal running, loading signal of the belt that the one-chip computer samples and the speed signal leaves,length unit of and walk belt speed signal belt instantaneous weight, of an eye flow F of supplies is it can calculate out belt twinkling to multiply (t) . The flow can be in charge of the number and show, offer the craft data to attenbant to consult in the twinkling ofan eye. 8031 systems and then compare the actual value of the flow amount out establishing value, calculate controlling instead of the electric then change into the operation, vi after PID regulates and current and output the signal, and then enlarged and controlled leading the open angle of silicon controlled rectifier, realize regulating the function of the electricity electromechanical difference, magnetism clutch excitation electric current of slippery thus regulate the rotational speed of the slippery differenceelectrical machinery of executive body, enable transporting theflow of supplies on belts to stabilize in the adjacent place of settlement value as much as possible, have a good static index and dynamic performance.in applied system is widely Automatic batching and weighingall areas. in social life industrial and agricultural production and often industries, chemicals, cement Especially the metallurgy, coal, continuous conveyor, and dynamic process of belt need to spread in the weigh on conveying the flow adjustment and control, accurate ratio. the to ingredients directly relates quality The control ofenterprise can produce smoothly. If the quality of compound reach while materials, energy, raw requirements, causing a waste of influence the quality of the products and productivity, and some ofof production ingredients the for the important the position ofand high precision accident. mistakes even a Therefore, the manufacturingwhole quickly and ingredients ingredients how therestricts the product quality and yield response, so the quality and yield of compounding process control give enough attention.Electronic says automatic batching system can be set according to the input ratio and flow control of material flow, thereby achieve controlof product quality and yield of the objective is to realize the automatic production process, and intelligent, enterprise'sscientific management, safe and stable production and energy consumption is the important technical means. Computer control system in the production of ingredients used not only can improve the yield and quality ingredients and greatly reduce the labor intensity, and post to improve production efficiency.Because the system of production lines, with the same ingredientsand composed of daytime belt says system for example. This system mainly consists of ingredients, instrument, electronic control frequency, industrial control computer cabinet, and monitoring and management software.1) ingredients electronic saidIngredients of electronic belt says the bulk materials throughbelt of automatic weighing and continuous accumulated, transportation and measuring two functions. Weighing part adopts resistance strain working principle, structure, roller leveraged practical work, belt constant velocity measurement called by feeding speed regulating superior to change the material flow, this type of enterprises with more than say for production process control.2) meter controllerInstrumentation control including daytime belt says, eachinstrument meter from receiving belt says the weight of the weighing transducer speed sensor signal and the changes of the belt speed pulse signal, calculate flow and accumulation. And will flow signals in 4-20ma simulation current form, work-managing machine will flow for industrial computer signals and machine after comparison, accordingto a certain value of output control rule 4-20 ma adjusting control signal, feeder, forming a single speed closed-loop control certainmaterial flow, achieve the goal.3) inverter arkArk of the converter, the dynamic control switch from higherfeeding motor control signalsThe rev. Stop, simultaneously also accept four ^ frompolymerizing-kettle - 20 ma adjustment, to change the output signal Power supply of frequency, and control site 7 feeder speed. Ifthe inverter power,To configure the cooling fan, to ensure the converter can work normally.4) industrial control computer and softwareHuaShuo use polymerizing-kettle IPC - 610 # 14 industrial PCchassis frame 6179L length, configuration PCA - 512M memory and CPU card, with 80G hard disk, a PCL - 746 + 4 ports RS232 \ \ 485 communication interface card 422, 2-4 1720U type PCI simulation output channel segregation, work-managing machine as PC, through two-way communication interface RS485 with belt says, through RS232 instrument online communication interface with dynamic two-way the PLC control, analog output online control signal control feeding machine to flow, which constitute a complete system of the ingredients. Other vital industrial computer interface RS485 two-way communication, to prepare for and plant upper polymerizing-kettle communication.The main functions are monitoring software, according to the production of formula and yield target weighing process of automatic control, statistic data management and weighing achieve print. Systemsoftware has a variety of on-site control mode and the input, a formula of adapting to different engineering requirements, users can set alarm print time parameters, use the menu interface, easy to use, users can through the mouse or keyboard operate on the ingredients, control andmanagement system.The main components of the control system are belt scales, programmable controller, communication system design and monitoring software modules etc, electronic belt says the structure and working principle of below a specific instructions are not here, programmable controller using OMROM company CQM1H type module type programmable controller, configuration CQM1H - CPU21 - E type CPU module, PA203 CQM1 - power module, four CQM1-212 type 16 points I/O input module,2-16 points OC222 CQM1 type of I/O output module, the system module points total 112. Each electronic belt says about the input signalis PLC belt running deviation switch alarm signal, belt skid alarm input, alarm, main belt running and site operation dish central/site selection, on-site control control feeding machine and belt conveyor start/stop, central control feeding machine and belt conveyor and stop signal, each electronic belt says about PLC output signal a belt running deviation indicator lights, startup, belt skid feeder, start signal of belt conveyor.Communication system design choices as PC software platform VB6.0by use Basic6.0 Visual, with its friendly interface, easy to use, develop strong practicability etc, are widely used in both at homeand abroad.Monitoring software module of the software is based on Windows2000, operating system, and Basic6.0 Visual programming language, make Access2000 database management. Mainly used for system operation module which enter or exit site control condition, operating,establish initialization, a new production tasks, keep theingredients of the project, the next after each parameter can be automatically boot, enter the project, in order to prevent general people literally, set up the start-up system login] function.Statements management module function is the first enter inquires, the operator can pages of all channels of historical data and browse ingredients, inquires according to the passage, when the date and time, divisions, data ingredients generate reports and print.On-site control module mainly used for setting engineering parameters, monitor and control field ingredients.Setting module for setting the initialization parameteringredients and engineering. Namely, the time, the production ofNumbers, initial placement, automatic reset manually/cumulative class, single/completion and other parameters said belt.The structures of the belt scales ingredients consists mainly of transmission mountings, weighing transducer speed sensor, scale, active roller, driven roller, conveyor belt conveyors, drag,adjusting devices, equipment etc. When the scattered in conveyor belt scale body through the material on the weighing scale body, the speed sensor and sensor signal and the weight of millivolt belt speed pulse signal through the junction box to strap balance meter [3]By feeding equipment materials to electronic belt scales, saysthe speed sensor weighing sensors and weighing and speed signal sent to weigh instrument meter, weighing the instantaneous flow conveying materials, accumulation, at the same time, the data such as measuring the measured value and value deviation, through the inverter to adjust the speed of the motor drive belt scales, make accurate to user setting to flow, material flow to a constant.For electronic belt scales, can choose just qualitative s-type weighing transducer. The connection mode using joint bearings,tensile condition in the lateral force, the ability, can be installed on the seal, compact structure, within the beam.The system is composedof a platform characteristic of a machine to control the multiple feeder, in order to achieve certain proportion between each feeder, the work is connected, and give a quantitative as current ratio, so its modified control structure is more complex.自动称重配料系统目前，随着科学技术的不断发展，自动称重配料系统已经广泛应用于冶[1]。
电子秤中英文资料翻译
附录：英文技术资料翻译Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (Nstursl Science),Vol.20,No.4,Jul.2001英文原文：The development of portable digital balanceGUO San-ming' Z H ENG J un-zhong(Dept,of Electri.Eng .of JIT,Jiaozuo 454000,China)Abstract: More attention has been paid on the development of the portable digital balance with commercial worth since the usual measurers have been unpopular such as pole balance spring balance and some others .The scheme of the portable digital balance with high performance and low cost is put forward. The ideas for the signal process circuit is introduced and the specie hardware chart is made. The key parts of the weigh sensor elastomer are specified. Moreover the problems to deal with the current and the improvement on the accuration have been solved.Key words: digital balance; elastomer; power amplifier; measurement range conversion; electric resourceCLC; TH 715.1 +93 Document Code: A literature number 1007 -7332 (2001) 04-0269-040 IntroductionDevelopment of science and technology, the weighing technology put forward higher requirements, especially micro-processing technology and sensor technology, tremendous progress has greatly accelerated this process. Currently, electronic scales used in commercial sales have been quite common, but all kinds of electronic scales are widely used in the market, there are significant limitations. These electronic scales large volume, high cost, need for frequency AC power supply, and can not carry. Popular portableelectronic weighing scales on the market, or they use a rod to the spring compression, tensile deformation of the spring balance to achieve, such as metering, measurement error is large, more than once spring elastic limit, it will generate a lot of errors, as well as damage to the rod type scales are currently going out of the metering equipment, therefore, a miniaturized, can be replaced in the future development of universal rod scales electronic scales by the people attach great importance to design a lightweight, easy to carry, accurate measurement, intuitive readings civilian electronic scales imminent.This product is fully electronic circuit design, fully taking into account the advantages of various types of electronic scales, and small and portable, measurement error is small (1%), reliable / low prices on the civilian market has good prospects for use.1 System PrinciplesPortable electronic scale system shown( Figure 1), which consists of sensors, amplifiers, range conversion circuit, A / D converter and a display / power supply circuit and the like.Strain gauge sensor element consisting of a resistor, the weighing weak signal, the precision of the differential amplifier, two stages (0~2Kg, 2~10Kg) automatic conversion range, the A/D converter, said amplified re-converted into an analog signal to a digital liquid crystal display (LCD) display, the processing circuit power supply voltage into the battery power supply voltage level required for the type of each unit circuit.2 load cell selection and designIn the electronic scale system , the sensor is the most critical component is also part of the design of electronic scales difficult to deal with , its performance directlydetermines the accuracy of electronic scales . Small -scale load cell structure , type and more categories . In order to make the load cell has good linearity , strong input sensitivity and strong resistance to lateral load force , we have adopted a two-hole parallel beam load cell [1] ( Figure 2 ),as the use of domestic hard aluminum alloy LY12 elastomer material, the elastic hysteresis and creep is small, the small -scale load cell, the storage of this material is larger than W, elastic modulus is small (about 1 / 3 of steel), the manufacture of small the load cell weighing scale , and the ideal material.Working principle of the sensor is : When the sensor is subjected to external loads prole of the upper and lower beams parallel elastomer elastic deformation / paste in a parallel beam of four strain gauges R1~ R4 consists of bridge output voltage is generated with linearized external load increment p , p can know the size of the external load.Size of the sensor according to the maximum range of the elastic element may be primarily determined detection point ( peak stress ) section thickness h1,, to determine the form and size of the opening , the sensor sensitivity is generally require (1.5 ~ 2) mV / V range, the full-bridge The output voltage U 0.As 0CC U S U ε=,Where: S-strain gauge sensitivity factor;U C C - -for the bridge voltageε-Detection Point (strain gauge affixed at) strain,S U U CC /)/(0=εAlso 1/P M E W ε= ,Where: Mp-detection point bending moment;E -modulus of elasticity of the material;W1-detection point flexural modulus; .)6/(211bh l W =Beacuse ),2/(:)2/(:max L l M M P = (Similar triangles);So ,4/)4/)(/(pl pL L l M P -=Where: b -elastic element width;h1-sectional thickness detection point ;Mmax = pL/4- maximum bending moments at both ends of the elastic element ; p-Maximum weight;l-double hole center distance;L-length of elastomersCan push 164pl h Ebε= Open hole diameter 12h φα=-，2()/2h L l φ=--The stiffness ratio αL h h K 312)(= . This value can be used as calibration values estimated elastic stiffness is adequate. Size elastomer determined according to the above principles, its processing byconventional technology standards, through the heat out of the library , the opening line cutting , grinding and other processes required by conventional patch3 amplifier circuit design processing several problems(1) Power : This e- weighed 2 on the 5th ordinary zinc-manganese batteries (3V) or rechargeable battery (2.4V) power supply. For each level of the supply voltage circuit for this is not enough , so the choice of switching to Boost Regulator Manifold TL499A for power conversion ( Figure 3 ).The output voltage of the regulator TL499A range of up to 2.9 ~ 30V, output current of 100mA, the required input voltage range of 1.1 ~ 10V. TL499A the battery voltage up to 15V, 7.5V and then get a symmetrical voltage output through the op amp. (2) Reduce the influence of the equivalent offset voltage measurement accuracy ; bridge output signal is superimposed on a high voltage DC supply mold weak signal , you should first ensure that the power bridge to get a high degree of stability , constant current bridge uses circuitry as shown in ( 4 ) below.By the A1, R5, R6, R1 constitute a constant current source circuit for providing a high degree of stability bridge power circuit . R1-R4 constituting the detection resistance strain gauge bridge force due to the action of the force to deform the elastic body , leaving a corresponding change in strain gauge resistance , thereby weak bridge output voltage signal proportional to the force by the elastic body , Rp is zero potentiometer to adjust the bridge output to zero. A2-A5 and peripheral components of the differential amplifier . The circuit has an input impedance (300-500mΏ) high , high common mode rejection ratio (110DB). Input offset voltage (20uv) and offset voltage drift (0.25-10uv / ℃) small features, ideal for the bridge amplifier circuit form . Circuit is divided into two , the first stage consists of A2, A3 , thereby to improve the input impedance of the amplifier circuit , the second stage by the A4, A5 constitute a differential amplifier , seeking an exact match to A4 external resistor , while lower gain circuit has guaranteed small offset voltage , Rw number tune the gain of the amplifier.(3) Achieve scale transformation , the electronic scale range is divided into two ranges , the first range 0-2Kg, second range 2-10Kg, automatic conversion range fromthe circuit ( Figure 5 ).A/D conversion and the reality circuit ICL7106 completed by the manifold, range conversion by changing the reference voltage VREF 7106 implementation. Weighing comparator circuit compares the output signal of the differential amplifier composed by A6 , when the weighing scale at 0 - 1999g range, the signal is small , the comparator does not move from Rp1 adjusted reference voltage through analog switches SW1, plus to VREF end 7106 ; when weighing more than 1999g, comparator A6 flip RP2 obtained by the reference voltage signal via the analog switch SW2 to 7106 ; simultaneously output A6 control the position of the decimal point is lit LCD display.4 Test ResultsBy actual measurement , the electronic scale technical indicators are as follows : Accuracy degree level : 3 Maximum weighing : 10kgMinimum scale value : Range :0 - 1999g time error : ≤1%Range :1.999-10kg when drift : <0.1% / ℃Weight : ≤400g volume: about 110mmx80mmx35mm5 ConclusionsRenamed some of the performance characteristics of some failings , one of which is the high price , after accounting cost about 120 yuan ; Furthermore high linearity error ; function is still lacking, such as tare function , computing functions. These need to be addressed in a future circuit improvements . As electronic scales small, easy to carry , such as to further reduce costs in the civilian market will have good prospects for use A/D conversion and the reality circuit ICL7106 completed by the manifold , range conversion by changing the reference voltage VREF 7106 implementation. Weighing comparator circuit compares the output signal of the differential amplifiercomposed by A6 , when the weighing scale at 0 - 1999g range, the signal is small , the comparator does not move from Rp1 adjusted reference voltage through analog switches SW1, plus to VREF end 7106 ; when weighing more than 1999g, comparator A6 flip RP2 obtained by the reference voltage signal via the analog switch SW2 to 7106 ; Simultaneously output A6 control the position of the decimal point is lit LCD display.焦作工学院（自然科学版），第20卷，第四期，2001年7月中文译文：便携式电子秤的研制郭三明，郑均忠（焦作工学院电气工程系，河南焦作454000）摘要：目前，市场上常见的杆式秤和弹簧秤等计量器具已逐步被淘汰。
RFID智能称重
反馈在生产上为以下几点
人工效率
Artificial efficiency
人工参与的环节越多，中间 的核对步骤越多，产生的单 位时间需求就越多，反过来 就是效率越低，越忙越乱。 The more links of manual participation, the more checking steps in the middle, the more unit time demand generated, in turn, the lower the efficiency, the busier the chaos.
process and improve production environment.
优化人工配置，尽量减少
01
人工参与，优化生产环境
步骤，降低出错率。
Optimize the manual allocation, minimize manual participation, optimize the production environment steps, and reduce the error rate.
additional manual participation to ensure the accuracy of the data, and can
05 automatically send background reception
and backup, save time and labor and labor.
一切都是人工操作，在单 位时间内的支出必然增加， 若是出错，想想都头痛， 提高效率是关键。 Everything is manual operation. Expenditure in unit time will increase. If something goes wrong, it's a headache to think about. Improving efficiency is the key.
智能仪器仪表 智能电子秤的原理与分析
智能电子秤的原理与分析摘要：随着计量技术和电子技术的发展，传统纯机械结构的杆秤、台秤、磅秤等称量装置逐步被淘汰，电子称量装置电子秤、电子天平等以其准确、快速、方便、显示直观等诸多优点而受到人们的青睐。
电子秤向提高精度和降低成本方向发展的趋势引起了对低成本、高性能模拟信号处理器件需求的增加。
通过分析近年来电子衡器产品的发展情况及国内外市场的需求，电子衡器总的发展趋势是小型化、模块化、集成化、智能化；其技术性能趋向是速率高、准确度高、稳定性高、可靠性高；其功能趋向是称重计量的控制信息和非控制信息并重的“智能化”功能；其应用性能趋向于综合性和组合性。
电子称主要以单片机作为中心控制单元，通过称重传感器进行模数转换单元，在配以键盘、显示电路及强大软件来组成。
电子称不但计量准确、快速方便，更重要的自动称重、数字显示，对人们生活的影响越来越大。
关键词：电子秤；智能化；单片机；称重传感器Intelligent electronic scale principle and analysisAbstract: With the measuring technique and the development of electronic technology, the traditional pure mechanical steelyard, scales, scales and other weighing device being eliminated gradually, electronic weighing device of electronic scales, electronic scales, with its accurate, fast, convenient, int uitive display and many other advantages which favored by people. Electronic scale to improve the precision and reduce the cost of the development trend of the low cost, high performance analog signal processor demand increase.In recent years through the analysis of electronic weighing instrument product development and market demand at home and abroad, the trend of the development of electronic weighing instrument is small, modular, integrated, intelligent; its technical performance trend is of high speed, high accuracy, high stability, high reliability; the functional trend is weighing control information and the control information and the " intelligent " function; its application performance tends to be integrated and combination. Electronic weigher mainly to SCM as the central control unit, a weighing sensor for analog-digital conversion unit, combined with keyboard, display circuit and powerful software to form. Electronic measurement is accurate, rapid and convenient not only, more important automatic weighing, digital display, the impact on people's lives more and more.Key words:electronic scale; intelligent; single chip microcomputer; weighing sensor前言称重装置不仪是提供重量数据的单体仪表，而且作为工业控制系统和商业管理系统的一个组成部分，推进了工业生产的自动化和管理的现代化，它起到了缩短作业时间、改善操作条件、降低能源和材料的消耗、提高产品质量以及加强企业管理、改善经营管理等多方面的作用。
Electronic-Scales电子秤大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：电子秤文献、资料英文题目：Electronic Scales文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：专业：姓名：学号：附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文电子秤电子秤是称重技术中的一种新型仪表，广泛应用于各种场合。
电子秤与机械秤比较有体积小、重量轻、结构简单、价格低、实用价值强、维护方便等特点，可在各种环境工作，重量信号可远传，易于实现重量显示数字化，易于与计算机联网，实现生产过程自动化，提高劳动生产率。
标签秤在超市中的应用已经是耳闻目睹的了。
一张小小的标签包含着：品名、价格、重量等，一一列表在这小小的电子标签上。
标签机的使用大大加快了销售速度，也方便了顾客。
顶尖条码标签秤有着许多卓越的特点，以太网功能使管理更加方便。
电子秤的分类(衡器可以分为机械式和电子式)1．工作原理：电子式的工作原理以电子元件（称重传感器，AD转换电路，单片机电路，显示电路，键盘电路，通讯接口电路，稳压电源电路等电路组成。
2．使用功能：电子衡器采用现代传感器技术、电子技术和计算机技术一体化的电子称量装置，才能满足并解决现实生活中提出的"快速、准确、连续、自动"称量要求，同时有效地消除人为误差，使之更符合法制计量管理和工业生产过程控制的应用要求。
3．健康秤是衡器使用功能中的一个分类（分为机械式和电子式），物美价廉，它可以帮助人们有效的监视自己的体重变化，新产品还可以检测自己的脂肪含量，而且还有一些人性化的附属功能。
可能不属于计量器具。
4．电子衡器是国家强制检定的计量器具，他的合格产品是有检定分度值e和细分值D的标准，是受国家计量法保护的产品。
在电子衡器分类中有一种叫“人体秤”的产品，它可以在计量部门进行检定，称重很精确。
制作简易电子秤英语作文
制作简易电子秤英语作文Title: Making a Simple Electronic ScaleAn electronic scale is a useful device that many people use in their daily lives. It can accurately measure the weight of various objects with just a push of a button. In this article, we will discuss how to make a simple electronic scale using basic materials that are readily available.To create a simple electronic scale, you will need the following materials: a load cell, an instrumentation amplifier, an analogtodigital converter, a microcontroller, an LCD display, and a power source. The load cell is the component that directly measures the weight of an object. It is essential for the accuracy of the scale.The instrumentation amplifier is used to amplify the small electrical signals generated by the load cell. This amplified signal is then passed to the analogtodigital converter, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal that can be processed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller is the brain of the electronic scale, responsible for processing the data and controlling the display.Connecting all these components together requires some basic knowledge of electronics and soldering skills. You will need to carefully follow the wiring diagram to ensure that each component is connected correctly. Once you have assembled theelectronic scale, you can calibrate it by using known weights to check its accuracy.After calibrating the scale, you can start using it to weigh various objects. Simply place the object on the platform of the scale, and the weight will be displayed on the LCD screen. You can also add features such as tare functionality or unit conversion to make the scale more versatile.In conclusion, creating a simple electronic scale is a fun and educational project that can help you learn more about electronics and measurement. With the right materials and some patience, you can build a functional electronic scale that you can use in your daily life.。
毕业设计电子秤的外文资料及翻译
外文参考文献外文参考资料一：SCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors have parted ways.Are 8-bit microcontroller early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increased requirements of industrial control field, began a 16-bit microcontroller, because the cost is not satisfactory but have not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32-bit microcontroller quickly replace high-end 16-bit MCU status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8-bit microcontroller performance have been the rapid increase capacity increase compared to 80 the number of times. Currently, high-end 32-bit microcontroller clocked over 300MHz, the performance catching the mid-90's dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one U.S. dollars,the most high-end [1] model only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld computers and cell phones as the core processing of high-end microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems.SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world's largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated single chip. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the Department of SCM. Personal computer will have a large number of SCM in the work. General car with more than 40 SCM, complex industrial control systems may even have hundreds of SCM in the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other computing the sum, or even more than the number of human beingsSingle chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not complete a certain logic chips, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a micro-computer, and computer than just the lack of a microcontroller I / O devices. General talk: a chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice.SCM and the computer functions internally with similar modules, such asCPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well, and hard disk memory devices, and different is its performance of these components were relatively weak many of our home computer, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yuan you can do with it some control for a class is not very complicated electrical work is enough of. We are using automatic drum washing machine, smoke hood, VCD and so on appliances which could see its shadow! .It is primarily as a control section of the core componentsIt is an online real-time control computer, control-line is that the scene is needed is a stronger anti-jamming ability, low cost, and this is, and off-line computer (such as home PC), the main difference.Single chipMCU is through running, and can be modified. Through different procedures to achieve different functions, in particular special unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, some great efforts are very difficult to do. A not very complex functions if the 50's with the United States developed 74 series, or the 60's CD4000 series of these pure hardware buttoned, then the circuit must be a large PCB board! But if the United States if the 70's with a series of successful SCM market, the result will be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by microcomputer programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability!As the microcontroller on the cost-sensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low why is the use? Many high-level language has reached the level of visual programmingWhy is not it? The reason is simply that there is no home computer as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage device. A visualization of small high-level language program which even if only one button, will reach tens of K of size! For the home PC's hard drive in terms of nothing, but in terms of the MCU is not acceptable. SCM in the utilization of hardware resources to be very high for the job so although the original is still in the compilation of a lot of use. The same token, if the giant computer operating system and applications run up to get home PC, home PC, also can not afford to.Can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era, that is, the age of electricity, the electronic age and has entered into the computer age. However, this computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor and other components. Another type of computer, most people do not know how. This computer is to give all kinds of intelligent machines single chip (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, this computer system took only a minimal integrated circuit, can be a simple operation and control. Because it is small, usually hidden in the charged mechanical "stomach" in. It is in the device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole plant was paralyzed. Now, this microcontroller has a very broad field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once all kinds of products were using SCM, can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of products, often in the product name preceded by the adjective - "intelligent," such as intelligent washing machines. Now some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is toocomplicated, that function is too simple and can easily be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product did not use a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.SCM historySCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stages.First model1.SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. "Innovation model" success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed.2.MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circuits, highlight the object of intelligent control. It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore, the development of MCU's responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation.Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of themicro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History.Embedded SystemsEmbedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedicated single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller applications.MCU applicationsSCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers.SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas:1. In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).2. In the industrial control applicationWith the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control3. In Household AppliancesCan be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.4. In the field of computer networks and communications applicationsMCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material conditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkie-talkies, etc..5. Microcomputer in the field of medical device applicationsSCM in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system.6. In a variety of major appliances in the modular applicationsDesigned to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card). In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easyto replace.7. Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment SCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc..In addition, the MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.外文参考资料二：Abstract: In order to solve the weight problem often encountered in measuring the low-mass objects in the trade and daily life of the modern business, the design of a new pocket-sized electronic scales. This pocket-sized electronic scales Force Sensor gravity signals into electrical signals to measure, and measuring the results of the digital display. The pocket-sized electronic scales with a small size, light weight, easy to carry, intuitive display, measurement and high precision; complex structure, the cost disadvantages. This article focuses on the load cell works, error compensation, the main parameters of selection. And the technical and economic analysis.Keywords: pocket-sized electronic scales; weighing; sensor; errorcompensationCLC number: TH715. 1] sign code: A Article ID: 100 522 895 (2007) 022*******1 A needs analysisIn modern commerce and trade and everyday life, often encounter the problem of measuring the weight of the low-mass objects. Although the traditional steelyard can solve this problem, but inconvenient to carry, the efficiency is not high, the display is not intuitive and low measurement accuracy; mechanical spring balance can solve this problem, but the inertia inherent low frequency, high sensitivity, measurement accuracy is not high. With the progress and update of the micro-computer technology, integrated circuit technology, sensor technology, electronic scales rapid development, it has a responsive, high accuracy, fully functional, the display is intuitive, compact, easy to use and so on.For these reasons, in order to solve the low-mass objects weighing problem, if a small size, light weight, portable, digital display electronic scales, will be popular. Discussed below, that is, the scope of a weighing 5 kg compact electronic scales.2 DesignThe principle of the structure of the pocket-sized electronic scales shown in Figure 1. The main task is to design compact electronic scales weighing the choice of the force sensors. Dynamometer sensor types to achieve the weighing and digital display, the key is to want to force (gravity) signals into electrical signals to measure method is mainly divided into two categories: one is the direct method, namely the use of pressure magnetic sensor, piezoelectric sensor, Piezoresistive sensors directly to the force signal converted into electricalsignals; the other is the indirect method, the elastic element as the sensor will pull, pressure changes in strain, displacement, or frequency, and then strain sensors, displacement sensors, or frequency sensor strain, displacement or frequency changes for power. Comprehensive comparison of a variety of sensors, use the indirect method of strain gauge force transducer.Pocket-sized electronic scale structural principle:Sensor → amplifier → CPU → display → AöD converter3 sensor device design3.1 worksThe working principle of the strain gauge force transducer strain gauge pasted into force, force-sensitive elastic element, the corresponding strain when the elastic element force deformation, the strain gauge into a resistance change, which led to the voltage measuring circuit changes by measuring the output voltage value, and then through the conversion can be obtained by the measurement of body weight. Since the pocket-sized electronic scales require small size, weighing in scope, precision and angle even consistency, sensor and display integration, it is selected parallel to the two holes cantilever beam strain gauge load-bearing sensor. Its characteristics are: high precision, ease of processing, simple and compact structure, strong resistance to partial load, high natural frequency.Strain gauge choice of a metal palisade metal mooring paste on the insulating substrate parked strain gages, mechanical strain resistance strain gauge feelings generally 10 - 10 - 2mm, the resistance rate of change of the attendant about 10 - 6 10 - 2 orders of magnitude, such a small change in resistance measured using the general resistance of the instrument is hard to measure out, you mustuse some form of measurement.Circuit into small changes in resistance rates to changes in voltage or current, in order to secondary instrument display. Bridge measurement circuit to meet this requirement. In the load cell, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 44 strain gauge resistor bridge measurement circuit shown in Figure 3. R m is the temperature compensation resistor, e is the excitation voltage, V is the output voltage.外文参考资料三：The load cell is a quality signal into a measurable electrical signal output device. Must consider the actual working environment of the sensor which sensor Yin, this is essential for the correct selection of the load cell, and it is related to the sensor can work as well as its safety and service life, and the whole weighing the reliability and safety sex. On the basic concepts and methods of evaluation of the major technical indicators of the load cell, the new and old GB qualitative differences.The traditional concept, the load sensor weighing sensors, force sensors, collectively referred to using a single parameter to evaluate its measurement properties. Old GB will be completely different application objects and the use of environmental conditions "weighing" and "measured force" two sensors into one to consider, not given to distinguish between the test and evaluation methods. Old GB total of 21 indicators, were tested at room temperature; and non-linearity, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, the additional error of the zero temperature and the maximum error in the six indicators of the ratedoutput additional temperature error, to determine said The level of accuracy of the weight sensor, respectively 0.02,0.03,0.05 said.Proportion to convert the output signal can be measured. Taking into account the different place of use of the acceleration due to gravity and air buoyancy on the conversion, the main performance indicators of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero-temperature characteristics and temperature sensitivity characteristics. In a variety of weighing and measuring the quality of the system, usually the integrated error accuracy of the integrated control sensors, and integrated error band or scale error band (Figure 1) linked so that selection corresponds to a certain accuracy weighing weighing sensors. International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) requirements, sensor error with total weighing instrument error δ with Δ of 70% of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error within the specified temperature range due to the effect of temperature on the sensitivity of the error the sum can not exceed the error band of δ. This allows the manufacturer of the components that make up the total measurement error adjustment to obtain the desired accuracy.The load cell conversion method is divided into photoelectric, hydraulic, electromagnetic force type, capacitive, magnetic poles change the form of vibratory gyroscope ceremony, resistance strain type, to the most extensive use of resistance strain.Electromagnetic force sensorIt uses a load-bearing stage load and the principle of electromagnetic force Equilibrium (Figure 5). Put the loading stage, the measured object at one end of the lever upward tilt; photoelectricdetect the tilt signal, amplified into the coil, the electromagnetic force, so that the lever to return to equilibrium. Currents produce electromagnetic counterweight digital converter, you can determine the quality of the measured object. The electromagnetic force sensor accuracy, up to 1/2000 ~ 1/60000, but the weighing range is only tens of mg to 10 kg.Capacitive sensorsItcapacitor oscillator circuit of the oscillation frequency f and the plate spacing d is directly proportional relationship between the work (Figure 6). There are two plates, one fixed and the other one can move. Bearing load measured object, the leaf spring deflection, the distance between the two plates changes, the oscillation frequency of the circuit also changes. The measured frequency change can be calculated to the quality of the load-bearing stage, the measured object. Capacitive sensor power consumption, low cost, accuracy of 1/200 to 1/500.Pole change the form of sensorFerromagneticcomponents in the measured object gravity under mechanical deformation, internal stress and cause changes in permeability, and also changes so that the induced voltage of the secondary coil wound on both sides of the ferromagnetic component (pole). Measure the voltage variation can be calculated added to the force on the pole, and then determine the quality of the measured object. Pole to change the form of sensor accuracy is not high, usually 1/100, applicable to the large tonnage weighing, weighing ranging from tens to tens of thousands of kilograms.Vibration sensorThe force of the elastic element, the natural vibrationfrequency of the force is proportional to the square root of. Measure the natural frequency changes, you can find the measured object role in the elastic component of the force, and then calculate the quality. The vibration sensor vibrating wire and tuning fork.The elastic component of the vibrating wire sensor string wire. When the load-bearing stage, plus the measured object, the intersection of the V-shaped string wire is pulled down, and left strings of tension increases, the right string tension decreases. The natural frequency of the two strings of different changes. Calculate the frequency difference between the two strings, you can find the quality of the measured object. The higher the accuracy of the vibrating wire sensor, up to 1/1000 ~ 1/10000, weighing 100 g to hundreds of kilograms, but the structure is complex and difficult process, and high cost.The elastic component of the tuning fork sensor is a tuning fork. Fixed tuning fork end of the piezoelectric element, the natural frequency of oscillation of a tuning fork, it can be measured oscillation frequency. When the load-bearing stage and the measured object, the tuning fork direction of tensile force while the increase in natural frequency, increasing levels of applied force is proportional to the square root. Measure the changes of natural frequency can be calculated heavy loads imposed on the tuning fork on the force, and then calculate the quality of heavy objects. The tuning fork sensor power consumption, measurement accuracy up to 1/10000 to 1/200 000, weighing range of 500g ~ 10kg.外文参考文献中文翻译参考资料一：单片机也被称为微控制器，常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机，它最早是被用在工业控制领域。
电子秤中英文对照外文翻译文献
Electronic scalesElectronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital, easy-to-computer network, production automation, higher labor productivity. Scale labels in the supermarket is in the application of face value. A small label contains: name, price, weight, etc. 11 list in this small electronic label. Greatly accelerated the use of label machine sales pace, but also convenient for customers. Top barcode labels have many remarkable features of scale, Ethernet feature makes the management more convenient.Electronic Scale Classification (scales can be divided into mechanical and electronic type)1．How it works: electronic works in electronic components (weighing sensor, AD conversion circuit, microcontroller circuits, display circuit, keyboard circuitry, communications interface circuits, regulated power supply circuit circuit.2．using the function: electronic weighing the use of modern sensor technology, electronics and computer technology integration, electronic weighing devices, in order to meet and solve real life's "fast, accurate, continuous, automatic" weighing requirements, while effectively eliminating human error, to make it more in line with the management of legal metrology and industrial production process control applications.3. Three health scales are weighing the use of features in a category (divided into mechanical and electronic), inexpensive, it can help people to effectively monitor their own body weight changes, new products also can detect their fat content, but also Some human-oriented subsidiary functions. May not be part of measuring equipment.4．Electronic Scale is a measurement of the state compulsory test apparatus, and his qualified products are test indexing the value of D values of e and subdivision standards, is subject to the protection of the national metrology products. In the electronic weighing there is a category called "human scale" products, which can test in the measurement sector, weighing very precise.Block diagram interpretation of the principle of electronic balanceThe first part of the electronic scale principle block diagram:Program K / B (button) ↑ Fx → Sensors → OP Zoom → A / D converter →CPU → → display driver display memoryWorkflow Note: When an object on the pan when the pressure facilities to the sensor that occurred deformation, so that resistance to change, while the use of excitation voltage changes, the output of a change in analog signal. This signal amplification by the amplifier output to the ADC. Converted to facilitate the processing of the digital signal output to the CPU operator control. CPU under the keyboard commands and program output to display this result. Until the show such a result.The second part of the scale of the classification: 1. According to principlesof points: E-scale mechanical scale mechanical and electrical integration scales 2. According to the functions sub: Counting Scales Weighing Scale Pricing Scale 3. Purpose: Industrial Commercial Scales Special Scales BalanceThe third part of the scale types: 1. The full name of the desktop Scale refers to the volume of less than 30Kg electronic scale 2. The full name of platform scale refers to the volume within the 30-300Kg Electronic Scale 3. Loadometer full name refers to the volume of more than 300Kg Electronic Scale 4. Precision Balance4th Part of the accuracy of classification: I Class: Special scales precision ≥ 1 / 10 Wan II level: high-precision scale 1 / 10000 ≤ precision of "1 / 100,000 III: the accuracy of scale 1 / 1000 ≤ precision of "1 / 10000 Class IV: Common Scale 1 / 100 ≤ precision of" 1 / 1000Part V of professional terminology: 1. Maximum weighing: an electron balance, excluding tare weight, the maximum load can weigh; 2. Minimum weigh: a electronic scales below the value that would have occurred when a relatively error; 3. safe load: 120% of the normal weighing range; 4. Rated load: normal weighing range; 5. permissible error: class test when the maximum deviation; 6. a sense of quantity: a single electronic scales can show the smallest scale; usually "d" to represent; 7. analytic capacity: a function with a count of the electronic scales, can distinguish the smallest scale; 8. Resolution: a counting function with an electronic scale, the internal capacity of a Resolution of a parameter; 9.Warm-up time: a scale used to achieve the targets of the time; 10. Accuracy: The full name of a sense of volume and volume ratios; 11. electronic scale use of environmental temperature: -10 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius 12. platform scale The table size: 25cm X 30cm 30cm X 40cm 40cm X 50cm 42cm X 52cm45cm X 60cmPart VI electronic scale features: 1. To achieve long-distance operations; 2. To achieve automatic control; 3. Figures show that an intuitive, reduce human error; 4. High accuracy and resolution strong; 5. Weighing range is wide; 6 . unique features: buckle weight, withholding weight, zero, accumulated, warning, etc.; 7. maintenance simple; 8. size is small; 9. installation, calibration simple; 10. special industry, can be accessed by the printer or computer-driven; 11. Intelligent electronic scale, quick reaction, high efficiency; Part VII of the electronic scaleinspection process: 1. First, the overall examination: whether the wear and tear; 2. Whether the boot: the boot sequence is from 0 to 9 in turn shows that figures are vague, can zero; 3. Whether the backlight ; 4. with the weight tests in weighing; 5. chargers is intact, can use; 6. parts are complete; Part VIII sensor type: 1. Resistive: affordable, high accuracy, widely used; 2. Capacitive: small size, low precision; 3. Maglev-style: special high-precision, high cost; 4. Hydraulic formula: the current the market has been eliminated; Display Type: 1.LCD (liquid crystal display): free electricity, energy-saving, with backlight; 2.LED: free electricity, power consumption, very bright; 3. Lamp: electricity, power consumption , high; K / B (button) type: 1. film button: contact type; 2. mechanical buttons: made up of many individual combinations of keys together; sensor characteristics: 1. rated load; 2. output sensitivity; 3. non-linear; 4. hysteresis; 5. repeatable; 6. creep; 7. 12:00 output effects; 8. rated output temperature; 9. 12:00 input; 10. input impedance; 11. output impedance; 12. Insulation Resistance ; 13. to allow excitation voltage; (5-18V)Part IX sensor damaged phenomenon: 1. Weighing not allowed; 2. Shows no return to zero; 3. Shows the number of bounce to judge the sensor + E,-E, + S,-S 1. The first to use resistance profile measurement 4-line 22 This resistance value, a total of 6 groups. The case of 400-450, compared with Europe + E,-E; if it is 350 in Europe, compared to + S,-S; for the 290 in Europe, compared to R-arm; 2. + E,-E terminated on the + 1.5V voltageSensor correctly to exert a pressure, such as the output + _S increase, then the red table pens as + S, the contrary-S; 10th part of the high-precision counting scale features: 1.Kg/Ib unit conversion functions; 2. 12:00 display range adjustment function (GLH series does not) 3. Sampling speed adjustment function;4. There are 10 groups memory function singlet;5. may be at the same time the weight, quantity, the cumulative function (GLH only the number of cumulative)6. can set the weight, the maximum amount of warning function;7. automatic zero tracking, temperature linear correction;8. deduction of withholding heavy weight and function;9. Standby function; 10. there is zero shows zero tracking range and scope; 11. there is the battery voltage control to limit the function; Electronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital,easy-to-computer networking, process automation of production and improve labor productivity. Electronic Scale also has an automatic zero tracking, overload display of self-extinguishing characteristics.Mechanical scales, floor scale / land in the value (car value), weigh-bridges and other fitted force-sensitive sensors and microcomputer-controlled intelligent weighing instruments become intelligent digital electrical and mechanical balance (or the mechanical and electrical dual-use scales), to improve the mechanical balance of the measurement accuracy, with low cost, high reliability, simple installation and so on, without prejudice to the original mechanical scales to anytransmission bearing structure. There are peeled, set to zero, the cumulative number of times, the cumulative weight (cumulative amount of valuation-based), auto-zeroing, auto-tracking and other functions. Weighing data can be directly printed or transmitted via computer networks, industrial processes can improve the level of scale and product quality, trade clearing with the scale can improve the credibility of incalculable social and economic benefits.Electronic Scale is basically a sensor, amplifier circuit, A / D conversion circuit, microcontroller control of display parts, switch matrix circuit, the keyboard circuit and power circuit. Weight sensor signals are converted to a corresponding electrical signal, after amplified into the A / D converted into pulses weight, through the SCM under the control of the analog voltage signals into digital. The digital conversion by the SCM program in line with the actual weight of the value of sending the number of display windows.MCU at the same time the keyboard and switch matrix for monitoring. According to the input parameter values, the program handled accordingly. Power circuit to provide the various parts of the operating voltage. Microprocessors such as 8050, HD404418F, 8031, etc. CPU. Highly versatile motherboard, different values of range and sub-degree scales, just adjust the jumpers on the motherboard and the DIP switch can be achieved, the only difference is that the sensor used with a rated carrying capacitySensor is a physical device or biological organ that can detect and feel the outside of the signal, physical condition (such as light, heat, humidity) or chemical composition (such as smoke), and Discovery of information to other devices or organs. Definition of sensorNational standard GB7665-87 sensor is defined as: "can feel the requirements are measured and converted in accordance with the laws of certain signal device or devices available, usually composed of sensitive components and conversion devices." Sensor is a detection device, can feel the information being measured, and can detect sense of information, according to certain laws of transformation into electrical signals, or other forms of information required for output to meet the information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control requirements. It is the automatic detection and control of the primary link.The role of sensorPeople in order to obtain information from the outside world must help of sense organs. And rely on people's own sense organs, the study of natural phenomena and laws, and production activities in their functions on far enough. To meet this situation, we need sensors. It can be said sensor is an extension of human senses, also known as electronic features.The arrival of the new technological revolution, the world entered the information age. In the course of the use of information, we must first resolve is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors is to obtain information inthe field of natural and production of the main ways and means.In modern industrial production, especially automated production process, the use of various sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of the production process, so that devices work best in the normal state or condition, and to achieve the best quality products. Therefore we can say, without a large number of good sensors, modern production base will be lost.In the basic science research, a more prominent position sensor. The development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example, thousands of light years to observe the macro level of the vast universe, to observe microscopically small particles cm the world, vertical, to observe the evolution over hundreds of years of celestial bodies , a short response to the s moment. In addition, there was even a matter of deepening understanding, developing new energy, new materials, play an important role in a variety of extreme technology such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, powerful magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic bagging, etc. . Obviously, to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information, Not compatible with sensors is impossible. Many basic scientific research obstacles, first of all to obtain information on the object is difficult, and a new highly sensitive detection mechanism and the emergence of sensors, often lead to breakthroughs in the field. The development of a number of sensors is often a pioneer in the development of marginal subjects.Sensor has already penetrated into, such as industrial production, space development, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource survey, medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and even conservation areas and so most of the pan. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, the vastness of the ocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modern project, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.Thus, the sensor technology in economic development, promote the important role of social progress is very clear. Countries in the world attach great importance to the development of this area. I believe in the near future, there will be a leap in sensor technology, to achieve status commensurate with its important new level.Sensor classificationDifferent views can be classified on the sensors: they transform principle (Transducer on the basic physical or chemical effect); their purpose; their output signal types and the production of their materials and processes.Working principle of the sensor can be divided into physical sensors and chemical sensors two categories:Sensor working principle of the classification of physical sensors that physical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization, thermal, optical, magnetic and electric effects. Small changes in the amount of the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals.Chemical sensors, including those with chemical adsorption, electrochemical reaction, a causal relationship between the phenomenon of the sensor, the measured signal will be small changes in volume converted to electrical signals.Some sensors can not divided into physics, can not be divided into chemical classes. Most of the physics-based sensor is functioning. Many problems of chemical sensor technology, such as reliability issues, the possibility of mass production, prices, etc., solve such problems, the application of chemical sensors will have tremendous growth.Dynamic characteristicThe so-called dynamic characteristics, is the change in the input sensor, its output characteristics. In practice, the sensor's dynamic characteristics common to certain standards of its response to said input signal. This is because the sensor response to the standard input signal easily obtained by experiment, and its standard input signal response and its response to any input signal exists between the relationship, often the latter that the former can be presumed. The most commonly used standard input signal and sine signal with step two, so the dynamic characteristics of sensors are commonly used in the step response and frequency response to that.电子秤电子秤是称重技术中的一种新型仪表，广泛应用于各种场合。
智能称重系统设计
智能称重系统设计（陕西理工学院物理与电信工程学院电子信息工程电子1204班，陕西汉中723000）指导教师：[摘要]介绍基于单片机STC89C52控制的一款智能电子秤，其中物体质量信息由重力传感器进行采集。
传感器将采集到的信息传送至单片机中，经过单片机处理，准确的在四位数码管显示屏上进行显示。
它具有置零，去皮功能。
物体的质量数值会和电子秤本身的称量范围数值进行比较，若超出了测量范围的最大值，系统就会执行报警程序。
本系统设计结构简单、精确度高、功能齐全、使用方便。
[关键词]单片机；重力传感器；智能电子秤Design of the Intelligence Electronic Scales ofMicrocontroller（Grade12,Class4,Major of Electronic Information Engineering,School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology，Hanzhong 723000，Shaanxi）Tutor:[Abstract]Introduction based on single chip STC89C52 control of an intelligent electronic scales, wherein the object quality of the information collected by the gravity sensor. Sensor information collected will be sent to the microcontroller through the microcontroller processing, accurate display on four digital display. It has zero, tare function. Quality and value will be the object of electronic scales weighing range values themselves are compared, if the maximum value exceeds the measurement range, the alarm system will execute the program. The simple design structure, high precision, fully functional, easy to use.[Key words]Single chip ; Gravity sensor ; Intelligent electronic scales目录1绪论 (1)1.1称重技术和衡器的发展 (1)1.2电子秤的发展现状和发展趋势 (1)1.2.1发展现状 (1)1.2.2发展趋势 (2)1.3项目研究意义 (3)1.4功能描述 (3)2设计原理 (5)2.1系统的原理框图 (5)2.2系统模块简介 (5)3硬件设计 (7)3.1硬件方案 (7)3.2称重传感器 (7)3.3电子秤专用24位AD转换芯片HX711及其电路 (8)3.4单片机STC89C52及其电路 (10)3.5液晶屏电路 (11)3.6矩阵键盘电路 (14)3.7声光报警电路 (14)3.8电源电路 (15)4软件设计 (16)5仪器的误差及误差分配 (17)5.1仪器的误差来源 (17)5.1.1称量重力传感器的误差 (17)5.1.2电子设备的误差 (17)5.1.3机械承重系统的误差 (18)5.2仪器误差分配 (18)5.3仪器误差的计算方法 (18)6总结 (20)致谢 (21)参考文献 (22)附录A (23)附录B (28)附录C (32)附录D (33)1绪论质量是测量领域中的一个非常重要的参数,称重技术自古以来就被人们所重视。
智能电子称重系统的研究英文翻译
动态称重牛奶使用：奶牛步行集总参数模型德拉甘A，乔治B15，海罗亚，21000诺维萨德，塞尔维亚和黑山研究中心，农业工程，巴伐利亚州研究中心科研中心，海峡36，85354弗赖辛，德国2003年6月13日到2003年10月27日收到，2004年3月1日收到。
阐述了奶牛的动态称重，一个简单的物理数学模型即模拟描述奶牛步行，四条腿的牛运动系统简化为俩个腿的系统，该模型的输出，这是一头牛的地面力量脚，取决于步行速度和体重。
被开发的模型为体重使用了决心，母牛横渡了a走通过秤，2%的精度比在动物穿越拥挤的情况下，可以实现静态测量体重平台。
2004..Elsevier公司版权所有。
关键词：动态称重，建模。
1.介绍。
奶牛养殖发展到自动化生产系统。
目的是充分，每个饲喂挤奶为了降低生产成本的过程自动化和最大化奶牛产奶量。
动态称量是牛的此系统的重要环节。
在运动中不停地动物运动。
他离开挤奶后称重小客厅挤奶过程的连续性和更小的变化的由于感兴趣的是一天的同意时间测量时的体重，在地面部队，牛的通道拱门式秤上记录。
拱门式秤。
相应的记者电子邮箱地址：cdraan@euret.gu0168-1699年1￥--请参考前面事 2004Elsevier公司保留所有的权利D.cveticaninwencll/计算机和电子在农业44（2004年）63-69设计和体重的测量方法已被描述由filby等和佩普等。
他们是基于过滤测力信号和平均或记录相关值信号的峰值。
然而，对于快速过路的称重平台，以及平台上1的动物拥挤，这些方法产生了不能用有效的结果。
在这里介绍的工作，是牛运动过程中产生的地面部队通过可以模拟牛运动的数字模型分析。
我们的目标是查找产生的任何行走的速度和身体脚，总结部队的值大众。
模型用于确定横过拱门式的牛体重秤。
目标是增加情况下快速动态称重精度跨越平台。
2.造型的牛运动集中参数模型创建类似于简单的人体运动模型。
亚历山大，加西亚和托德中所述假设是四条腿被视为步行被假定为活动腿的旋转围绕和髋关节周围的被动腿的旋转。
毕业设计--电子皮带秤电控系统设计(含外文翻译)
0 引言皮带传输机又称带式输送机，是一种连续输送机械，也是一种通用机械。
皮带输送机被广泛的应用在港口、电厂、钢铁企业，水泥、食品以及轻工业的生产线。
它可以运送散状物料，也可以运送成件物品。
工作过程中噪声较小，结构简单，皮带输送机可用于水平或倾斜运输。
电子皮带秤是用于测量通过皮带传输机的物料的重量，其基本原理是，连续测量通过皮带单位距离的物料重量，同时测量皮带移动了多少个单位距离，在一段时间内将每个单位距离的重量累计起来就是这段时间皮带所运输的货物的总量。
1 电子皮带秤1.1 电子皮带秤简介皮带秤经历了纯机械式皮带秤、传感器电子仪表皮带秤发展到今天的传感器微机式皮带秤和微机智能化皮带秤，日新月异的电子计算机技术在皮带秤中的应用，极大地提高了皮带秤的计量精度，改善了它的稳定性，简化了操作程序，易于维护，使其广泛应用于各行各业。
皮带秤具有动态测量和自动在线测量等优点，被广泛应用于产品的定量包装和工业配料等工业现场，不仅起到减员增效、节支创收和减少误差的作用，而且加强了企业的管理，缩短作业时间，改善了操作条件，提高劳动生产率，降低劳动强度，从而大大提高了生产的自动化程度，被广泛应用于煤炭、石油、化工、电力、轻工、冶金、矿山、交通运输、港口、建筑、机械制造和国防等各个领域。
皮带秤正以其独特的优势，作为一种新兴的高技术产业受到全世界的普遍关注，具有十分广阔的发展前景[1]。
目前，电子衡器在全球衡器市场占据主导地位，世界衡器产值有50多亿美元，美国、德国、日本、英国、意大利等国家都掌握先进的称重技术。
美国衡器产值约10亿美元，其中，重型衡器和包装系统比例很大；在意大利，包装系统占衡器产值的80%以上；德国1998年衡器产值为13.24亿马克，其中工业、商业秤9.00亿马克，家用秤1.1亿马克，精密级衡器1亿马克，称重部件2.14亿马克。
日本衡器年产值约1000亿日元，在日本1台自动定量包装秤价格从200万到2000万日元；全球衡器出口贸易额约18亿美元。
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业设计外文翻译
英文原文名ADV ANCED WEIGHINGTECHNOLOGY中文译名现代称重技术现代称重技术第一章秤的功能与结构1.1 基本结构和称重原理两种不同类型的机械秤示于图1.1.那么，秤的基本结构和称重原理方面的共同特征是什么呢？对于图1。
1（a）所示的天平或杠杆秤，放在载荷盘上的被测物体的质量，与放在砝码盘上的砝码的质量是利用它们的自重对支点的力矩，通过计量杠杆进行比较的。
这也可以看作是对物体载荷产生的作用力与砝码自重产生的反作用力进行比较,而且两者同时作用在计量杠杆上。
对于图 1.1（b）所示弹簧秤，由弹簧伸长而产生的恢复力,应被视为反作用力或抗力。
综上所述，我们认识到通常可以把秤分解成三个功能部分，即载荷接受部分或受载器，力比较部分、反力部分。
载荷接受部分(例如载荷盘等)，它作为秤的一部分用于接受载荷，并将载荷产生的力施加到力比较部分上。
反力部分（例如，带砝码的砝码盘或弹簧等)，它作为秤的一部分产生反作用力，并将其施加到力比较部分上。
力比较部分（例如计量杠杆等）,它作为秤的一部分接受以上两种力。
（a)天平或者杠杆秤(b)弹簧秤图1.1 机械秤的两种类型当我们检查任何一种机械秤时，会注意到它们通常都具有以上结构。
所以，我们可以认为这种结构式秤的基本结构。
此外，测量是以物体质量产生的作用力与反力部分产生的反作用力之间的平衡为基础的。
所以,我们可以认为秤的称重原理是利用了力的平衡.现代科技的发展，使我们在质量测量方面不仅能够利用力的静平衡，而且还可以利用力的动平衡。
载荷传递杠杆应该包括在载荷接受部分之中。
对于料斗秤中称重传感器直接支撑料斗的情形，可以认为它属于力比较部分被省略的一种特例。
对于天平或杠杆秤,其测得值可以从反力部分上的砝码变化中获得。
对于弹簧秤,其测得值可以从反力部分的弹簧伸长变化中获得.一般来说，机械秤的测得值可以从反力部分产生的某些量值变化中获得.1。
2 电秤和电子称系统的构成机械秤是指包括显示功能在内的所有功能都能通过机械手段实现的一种秤，而电秤和电子称具有一个能将反力部分产生的变化转换成电量的传感器，还具有一个能处理电量信号以获得测量值的信号处理装置。
智能称重系统的设计与实现
R研发设计esearch design智能称重系统的设计与实现■ 文／郭 锋 王宇翱 闫国梁 盖其瑜 许文浩 孔 宁 袁春清摘要：文章结合互联网技术设计了一款智能电子秤系统。
系统以智能电秤为数据采集终端，将商品订单、客户信息等上传给服务器。
服务器接收到数据后进行解析，反馈产品溯源数据给顾客并完成扫码支付。
该系统不仅可以精准称重，还具备网络支付、数据分析、产品溯源等功能，从而为政府监管部门、从业人员甚至下游供应商提供可靠的数据，实现各个环节的信息共享。
关键词：智能称重系统；智能电秤；主控模块；称重模块文章编号：2096-4137（2018）03-040-03 DOI：10.13535/ki.10-1507/n.2018.03.131 系统概述单、客户信息等上传给服务器。
服集模块以及无线通信模块。
矩阵键盘用来接收价格、重量，清零，去皮重，最大称量，度值，零点自动跟踪，自动累计，欠电压指示等数据和指令的输入。
无线通信模块采用SIMCOM 公司的工业级双频GSM/GPRS模块，工作频段双频：900/1800MHz，可以低功耗实现语音、SMS、数据和传真信息的传输。
支持RS232串口和LVTTL串口，并带硬件流控制，支持5～24V的超宽工作范围，使得本模块可以非常方便地与MCU进行连接。
重量采集模块作为本系统的数处理模拟信号。
（2）安全数据传输。
向数据库上传数据时，采用W I F I、LORA、GPRS等安全可靠的无线通信技术，确保数据传输过程中不会被截获破解。
数据传输采用PGP （Pretty Good Privacy）技术。
PGP 采用了一种RSA和传统加密的杂合算法，保证数据传输的安全。
2.2 服务器平台服务器采用分布式集群设计，实现业务拆分，应用服务和数据服务分离，负载均衡，反向代理和CDN，保证了大量用户的使用，最。
研究智能监控工程机械应用系统中英文翻译资料
研究智能监控工程机械应用系统中英文翻译资料英文技术资料及翻译1、英文技术资料原稿Study on an Intelligent Monitoring Application System of Construction Machinery Qinghui, Jianmin Abstract：In order to monitor construction machinery’s performance and quality, an intelligent monitoring application system is presented in the paper. The system makes site monitoring cell installed on every construction machinery as its terminal, GPRS (general packet radio service) as its network carriers, intelligent monitoring center as controller. The system can supervise the running status and alarm when its works take place abnormality on line on the basis of GPRS network, ARM embedded-system and data-base design based on Lab Windows/CVI.Keywords：Intelligent monitoring; GPRS;ARM ;construction machinery; 1. INTRODUCTIONThe performance and quality of the construction machinery has a very important influence on the construction schedule. But construction machinery has a higher failure rate because of its complex structure, uncertain load and poor working environment[1]. Therefore, the supervision of the construction machinery’s performance is a sticking point for the stabilization, safety and reliability of construction work. With the social development and the advancement of technology, people have become increasingly demanding on the performance monitoring and fault diagnosis of construction machinery in order to get a higher efficiency and lower consumption of construction project. The new-generation construction machinery not only need integrating operation and intelligent control, but also need cooperating with the whole construction machinery group whose control system is based on network. At present, the traditional construction machinery which is only designed by general electronic control techniques and its traditional regular maintenance can not meet the requirements. So a new construction machinery monitoring system, which can finish the local centralized control, supervision and maintenance, and can also carry out remote-distance monitor and diagnose, has become a hot research problem[2]-[5].In order to supervise the running performance of the constructionmachinery, this paper proposes a construction machinery on line monitoring system which is based on general packet radio service GPRS network. This system can supervise some parameters such as speed, pressure and temperature of the construction machinery through the long-distance supervised terminal.If the construction machinery’s maintenance person wants to know the running status of the construction machinery, he can sent a short message to the supervision cell of the system, and then the system sent the running parameter to the mobile telephone of the maintenance person or the monitoring center by GPRS module through the communication network and Internet, so the real time supervision of the construction machinery is realized. This system can also setup the alarm boundary of some important parameters of the construction machinery, if the construction machinery appears abnormal, the system would sent the alarm information to the mobile telephone of the maintenance person or the monitoring center, so the trouble of the construction machinery can be fixed up immediately. In practice it shows the superiority of the system.2. THE SYSTEM STRUCTURE2.1 Intelligent monitoring system structureThe intelligent monitoring system mainly consists of 3 parts: site monitoringcell, GPRS, and intelligent monitoring center, as Shown in Figure 1. Site monitoring cell is set up in each construction machinery. And it communicates with intelligent monitoring center through the GPRS wireless network. In addition, the system structure is a three-layer model. The site monitoring cell is the lower layer, focusing on the access of device status information. Intelligent monitoring center is the upper system, focusing on processing of status and fault information. Between the lower and the upper layer, GPRS finishes their communications.GPRS network is a communication medium of the whole system, through which short message, voice, and tow kinds of packet data (IP and X.25) can be received and sent. Control terminal (mobile phone) is a remote controller and the display in the system, which is responsible for sending a variety of short command message (such as the command for monitoring the realtime status of construction machinery) and receive the short return message (such as the implementation of the short commands message, and the alarm information of fault).Intelligent monitoring center is responsible for receiving the data from site monitoring cell and managing a variety of information.2.2 Site monitoring cell structure based on ARM embedded systemSite monitoring cell is designed and developed by the ARM MCU and its auxiliary equipments. The ARM architecture has evolved to a point where it supports implementations across a wide spectrum of performance points. The architectural simplicity of ARM processors has traditionally led to very small implementations, and small implementations allow devices with very low power consumption.Site monitoring cell can be mainly divided into five units in accordance with their functions: data acquisition unit, communication unit, Single-chip (EasyARM615) unit LED display unit, and power supply unit etc, as shown in figure 2In the figure, data acquisition unit is mainly responsible of collecting some important signals of construction machinery, such as water temperature, workpressure, and speed etc. Communication unit with GPRS network is mainly responsible for communications and data transmission. LED display unit is responsible for the current status of construction machinery. Single-chip unit which is the control core of system is responsible for coordinating the normal work of the various parts in system. Power supply unit is responsible for providing required voltage.Because nearly all the supervised parameters will be attained from site monitoring cell, it is the base of the whole system. Construction machinery is made up of the power system, engine, steering system, transmission system, brake system and electrical system etc. In the each relevant system, the sensor will be set up. From the sensor ,the corresponding parameters can be obtained. Site monitoring cell can read the corresponding parameters from sensor, and monitor them in real time.So the parameters choice is important for site monitoring cell. In theory, the more monitoring parameters is obtained, the better effect is gotten. But in fact, it is impossible considering cost and operation. Furthermore some parameters can not be measured in practice, such as engines emission, transmissions screams and operating efficiency decrease. The phenomena are more difficult to monitor by sensors. But they can be intuitively perceived in time by operators, so the system should make full use of the site operator’s estimation as a sign of equipment failure analysis. For the reason, site monitoring cell use the methods combining sensors’ measurement with operator’s sensing to obtain parameters’ information, and provided the information to the Intelligent Monitoring Center. Additionally, site monitoring cell must have alarm function in the abnormity and also receive consultation orders from the intelligent monitoring center.2.3 Intelligent monitoring centerIntelligent monitoring center of the construction machinery is the core part of the whole system. It is responsible for receiving the system status information and alarm information from site monitoring cell, classifying and preserving the information. Intelligent monitoring center, on the one hand,carry throughtwo-way communication through the GPRS network and terminals at the site , on the other hand, it provides users with a visual interface, and allows users understand the distant construction machinery at home. The intelligent monitoring center must depend on GPRS Wireless Modem to communicateterminal. Additionally, it is also responsible for completing fault diagnosis of construction machinery, including the specific status and fault information of the every construction machinery, and analysing to determine the cause of the malfunction.The system application software adopts modularization design. It is mainly divided into the following modules:Initialization module. It can load and initialize system parameters from the configuration file to ensure reliable operation of the system. These parameters include the serial port parameters (such as the com port, baud rate, etc.), GPRS terminal parameters (such as the short message center number, etc.) and system parameters (such as inquired cycle of alarm information, log storage time, etc.). The module used in conjunction with the system setting. Its role is to set these parameters to make the system run better and save configuration files to the system for reinitialization.Automatically processing alarm information module. After the system initialization, system procedures have begun to implement. At the same time, automatically processing alarm information module has begun to run. It constantly reads alarm information from an external file into to alarm message queue, and sends the alarm information to the target group. Alarm information includes alarm content, alarm time, alarm source, target group .etc.Manually processing alarm information module .Sometimes, workmen on duty need to process alarm information according to the actual situation. In view of this, the system makes manually processing alarm information module. Workman can manually send alarm information to designated mobile phone.Dat abase management module. The module can complete the maintenance of database information. Users can view, add, delete, modify and update database information.2.4 Intelligent monitoring centerThe system program includes 3 major components: communication part, databases part, and human-machine interface part. Communication part can read data from sensors, and then save them through database, and display them by means of tables or curves throng human-machine interface. The system the design of flow program is shown as the Figure 3.3. DATABASE DESIGN BASED ON LAB WINDOWS/CVIIn the field of intelligent monitoring, with the increase of complexity and difficulty of integrated testing, more and more test parameter will be involved, including the tested object, test equipment , test result, test people, etc. Their maintenance and management will be achieved in a unified database.Lab Windows / CVI can achieve access and maintenance among a variety of heterogeneous database. As shown in Figure 4. In the figure, Lab Windows/CVI can receive data from test parameters and save them to database. Then, it can also read the data from the database. In addition, it can finish graphical display based on the read data.CVI SQL Toolkit is available to use CVI software package to operate the database, which includes a series of high-performance operation functions. The comprehensive application of these functions can realize multi-functional database. After SQL Packet installation, Lab Windows /CVI SQL will be automatically registered an ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) data source on the machine, the data source is namely the data source used in the examples of Lab Windows / CVI SQL procedures.In order to achieve Lab Windows / CVI to access database and realize the data management, the system uses the ActiveX Data Object (ADO) interface technology and ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and select Microsoft's Access database and take SQL Toolkit as data management and software development tool.Because of the more test parameter of construction machinery, it is important for user to design a good and clear interface of monitoring. LabWindows / CVI can provides development environment to design a better interface based on the database. In the system, the data display in charts and data curve manner, as shown in figure 5. There is a clear display interface4. CONCLUSIONSIn view of the functions of modern construction machinery remote monitoring system, the paper proposes a construction machinery on line monitoring system which is based on general packet radio service GPRS network .The intelligent monitoring for construction machinery can timely detect or diagnose machinery fault, and achieve real-time monitoring. In the system, the following aspects are mainly concerned:Apply GPRS into the intelligent monitoring system for construction machineryCarry out embedded-system for monitoring based on ARM .Achieve database design based on Lab Windows/CVI.The system has been experimented with other subsystems and long-distance monitoring center in a certain factory. The result testified that the system can save time increase maintenance efficiency, and provide other auxiliary functions. So the Intelligent monitoring system has a practical significance in the modernconstruction machinery.REFERENCES[1]W.Yuan.M.Yu,and.X.Ji,mbedded-system based remote condition monitoring and failure diagnosing of construction machinery Construction Machinery,No.2,2007,pp.71-73(in Chinese)[2]K.Tateyama,S.Ashida,R.Fukagawa,and H.Takahashi,“Geomechatronics –Interaction between ground and construction machinery and its application to construction robotics,” Journal of Terramechanics, vol. 43, No.3, Jul. 2006, pp. 341-353.[3] T. Sasaki and K. Kawashima, “Remote control of backhoe at construction site with a pneumatic robot system,” Automation in Con struction, vol. 17, No.8, Nov. 2008, pp. 907-914.[4] L. Y. Yang, “The research and development of monitoring and managing center for construction machinery,” unpublished (in Chinese) .[5] P. J. Ma, “The research and development of construction machinery-used forepart monitoring system based on PC104,”unpublished (in Chinese) .2、英文技术资料中文翻译研究智能监控工程机械应用系统摘要:以监察工程机械的性能和质量，智能监控应用系统的文件提交。
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动态称重牛奶使用：奶牛步行集总参数模型
德拉甘A，乔治B
15，海罗亚，21000诺维萨德，塞尔维亚和黑山
研究中心，农业工程，巴伐利亚州研究中心科研中心，海峡36，85354弗赖辛，德国
2003年6月13日到2003年10月27日收到，2004年3月1日收到。
阐述了奶牛的动态称重，一个简单的物理数学模型即模拟描述奶牛步行，四条腿的牛运动系统简化为俩个腿的系统，该模型的输出，这是一头牛的地面力量脚，取决于步行速度和体重。
被开发的模型为体重使用了决心，母牛横渡了a走通过秤，2%的精度比在动物穿越拥挤的情况下，可以实现静态测量体重平台。
2004..Elsevier公司版权所有。
关键词：动态称重，建模。
1.介绍。
奶牛养殖发展到自动化生产系统。
目的是充分，每个饲喂挤奶为了降低生产成本的过程自动化和最大化奶牛产奶量。
动态称量是牛的此系统的重要环节。
在运动中不停地动物运动。
他离开挤奶后称重小客厅挤奶过程的连续性和更小的变化的由于感兴趣的是一天的同意时间测量时的体重，在地面部队，牛的通道拱门式秤上记录。
拱门式秤。
相应的记者电子邮箱地址：cdraan@euret.gu
0168-1699年1￥--请参考前面事 2004Elsevier公司保留所有的权利
D.cveticaninwencll/计算机和电子在农业44（2004年）63-69
设计和体重的测量方法已被描述由filby等和佩普等。
他们是基于过滤测力信号和平均或记录相关值信号的峰值。
然而，对于快速过路的称重平台，以及平台上
1
的动物拥挤，这些方法产生了不能用有效的结果。
在这里介绍的工作，是牛运动过
程中产生
的地面部队通过可以模拟牛运动的数字模型分析。
我们的目标是查找产生的任何行
走的速度和身体脚，总结部队的值大众。
模型用于确定横过拱门式的牛体重秤。
目
标是增加情况下快速动态称重精度跨越平台。
2.造型的牛运动
集中参数模型创建类似于简单的人体运动模型。
亚历山大，加西亚和托德
中所述假设是四条腿被视为步行被假定为活动腿的旋转围绕和髋关节周围的被动
腿的旋转。
这种系统的物理模型是倒立的摆组成的链接栏和其一端，连接到大规模
和一个驱动器的电机点费洒吧点质量刚性条形图。
围绕2个旋转。
从而简化了动物
的议案链接，一个在水平地面和其他在点大规模。
点大规模M是身体质量的动物，
而两条腿的大规模m和长度l。
移动酒吧的扭矩t1和t2代表腿的肌肉行动。
角度
和条形图的位置。
控制器跟踪所需的输入的角度的旋转酒吧。
从—到+联动腿移时
执行完整的步骤。
如在走每一步都和活跃的腿开关会变成被动的角更改他们的名
称，这样A变成B，反之亦然。
系统具有俩个自由度和拉格朗日微分方程的议案d/dt*әEk/әθ—әEk/әθ+әEp/әθ=T1 （1） d/dt*әEk—әEk/әφ+әEp/әφ=T2 （2）
其中，T1和T2扭矩酒吧，Ek是动能
Ek=(2/3ml²+1/2ml²)θ²+1/6ml²φ²+1/2ml²cos(θ+φ)θφ（3）
EP是系统的势能
Ep=mg1/2lcosθ+Mglcosθ+mg(lcosθ-1/2lcosφ) （4）
Dcveticanin,G,wencll/计算机和电子产业在农业44（2004）63-69
代3和4到1和2微分方程模型的cowwalking是
(4/3+M)l²θ+1/2ml²cos(θ+φ)φ-1/2ml²φ²
sin(φ+θ)-gl(3/2m+m)sinθ=T1 (5)
1/2ml²cos(θ+φ)θ+1/3ml²φ-1/2ml²θ²-sin(θ+φ)+mg1/2lsinθ=T2 (6)
2
在系统上行走的模型时力解耦模型，模型载列于图和地面部队的FN垂直和水平金融时报获许Ft=m(xc1+xc2) (7)
66 Dcveticanin.Gwencll/计算机和电子在农业44（2004）63-69
3
Fn=m(yc1+yc2)+g(M+2m) (8)
where xC1 = (1/2)sinθ , xC2 = 1sin θ+ (1/2)sin ϕ, yC1 = (1/2)cos θ, yC2 = 1cos θ- (1/2)cos φ.最初的条件就是假定的酒吧的角位置与上一步的结束相对应。
如在非弹性丢失动能一只脚与地面应该是酒吧的速度的位置影响都为零。
模拟计算中牛插入的步行的想法是物体的质量，腿，最大角度摆动腿的长度和百栋的频率。
行走速度成正比的力产生的足量。
物体的质量酒吧是12%的体重，根据选择已知的牛身体比例部分
3.动态称重
直言是在敦弗赖辛在德国的实验农场上完成的。
力的秤的平台在cowstrideswas期间录的速度100个样本、s在标准的PC和处理。
该平台是2.3米0.8米宽，穿越规模的时间，被处理与集中参数模型是根据3s。
穿越时间较长，可以视一动不动地称重。
在这些情况下，每一脚发了大约2个步骤因此，录的最少的2个冲动的平台。
这些实验是完成对228.567.585.600.618.633.700.723.762体重与10头牛和860公斤。
牛奶的动态称重前进行加权计算静态。
每种动物是权衡后离开挤奶。
后横过规模发送到animalwas挤奶客厅和允许每次跨规模。
3个动态重量测量完成了每一种动物。
目标是发现未知的频率震荡和模型的质量通过比较从实
4
验与计算的最大和最小力。
一对这2个参数执行的优化，以便找到最小的区别计算与实测的部队之间。
力信号和离，匹配力计算及模型部分参数进行调正，以产生一种力量曲线相当于力信号的选定部分。
所选的质量的模型从优化代表重达动物的体重。
良好的匹配的测量和曲线的理想牛的某些部分只取得了力计算假设模型中的运动。
5
表1 静态测量的体重和身体重量估计错误
体重 558 567 585 600 618 633 700 723 762 860 误差 0.9 1.1 0.8 1 1 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.3
最大体重误差1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.7
平局误差 2.9 3 2.4 2.5 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.9
4.结果
表1显示体重预测与lumpedparameter%的绝对的错误模型和简单信号平均。
体重象征着与BW和信号与SA平均，秤渡0.95和男性花2.97s之间不等，绝对的平均误差计算出身体的重量相对于静态测量的一个是1%而最大的绝对错误是低于2%。
在称重平台走路速度，没有任何对精度的影响结果。
模型并没有显示同样的好结果，为案件奶牛后跟时彼此快速连续规模，在这些情况下未处理数据。
力信号的简单平均估计体重平均精度2.7%结果取决于穿越秤持久。
快速较慢的穿越制作
6
更好的身体重量估计比速度跟快。
5.结论
牛运动的集中参数模型可应用于动物的体重，如果动物分别跨平台使用awalk 通过秤时识别。
它可以雇佣到单独的动物退出由于回转挤奶美容院的农场上。
该方法显示精度更高平台快速跨越比简单的力信号。
鸣谢
动态称重的奶牛项目是由巴伐利亚州研究资助农业中心。
我想多谢敦实验场工作人员他们耐心和合作
参考
亚历山大，简单模型的人体运动。
应用的力学评论48，461-469.菲尔比，D,E，特纳勋爵衔，新作，1979年。
奶牛的拱门式称。
农业杂志工程研究24，67-68.
加西亚。
M，查特吉A，瑞纳，科尔曼，1998年。
最简单的走的模型：稳定，复杂额结垢，生物力学的工程学120，281-288学报。
Peiper,V.M,鹅蛋荔枝，保华，巴拉克，M，maltz,E,1993年。
自动称重的奶牛。
农业杂志工程研究56，13-24.任任，J.，降压，N.L.，斯帕尔，J.，降压，N.L.，斯帕尔任，J.，降压，N.L.，斯帕尔，唱片有限公司，1992年。
动态加权测井系统的奶牛。
交易 ASAE 35，719-725.
托德，D.J.，1985年。
步行机：简介行走机器人。
便页上，伦敦。
7。