专业英语词汇学习讲义
2023届高考英语词汇熟词生义汇总讲义(按字母顺序编排)
高考词汇基础之熟词生义AA1.about[熟义]关于prep.＆adv.[生义]到处＝（美）around 到处We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。
be about to do 正要做某事2.accommodate[熟义]住宿，留宿[生义]容纳；提供This hotel can accommodate more than 5oo guests.vt 容纳He accommodated me when I asked him for help.v.为...提供住处3.act[熟义]行动[生义]vi.起作用It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。
4.across[熟义]横过; 越过[生义]1.到、在对面（adv/prep）he river is 50 meters across.河宽50米/ The tree measures 50 cm across.5.address地址；住址(n)[生义]（1）.演说; 正式讲演an address of welcome欢迎词（2）对...讲演或发表演说(vt)address a meeting向大会发表演说address the whole nation 向全国发表演addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈（3）称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼How shall I address you?我应当怎样称呼您呢?（4）写姓名地址(vt) address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
6.adapt[熟义]适应[生义]vt.使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本) These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.7.admit[熟义]承认[生义]（1）准许进入This ticket admits two people to the football match.这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义17)
高考3500高频词汇讲解171. point v./n.一、变形：points二、词义：1)看法e.g. We disagree with every point she makes.我们不同意她提出的任何观点。
2)重点e.g. The point is you shouldn't have to wait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不该等那么长时间。
3)意图；目的e.g. I don't see the point of doing it all again.我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。
v.1)（用手指头或物体）指，指向e.g. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand.他指出那所房子原来所在的地方。
e.g. She pointed her finger in my direction.她指着我这个方向。
2)瞄准~ sth (at sb/sth)e.g. He pointed the gun at her head.他举枪对准了她的头。
3)对着；朝向+ adv./prep.e.g. The telescope was pointing in the wrong direction.望远镜对错了方向。
e.g. The signpost pointed straight ahead.路标直指前方。
三、常用词组1)from the point of view 从…角度来看e.g. Do you think that, from the point of view of results, this exercise was worththe cost?从效果来看，你认为这种锻炼值得花这笔钱吗？2)point out指出; 指明e.g. I should point out that these estimates cover just the hospital expenditures.我应该指出，这些估价只包括医院的开支。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义15)
高考3500高频词汇讲解151. eager adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)渴望的eager fore.g. When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby.当我儿子５岁的时候，我开始渴望要另一个宝宝。
2)热切的He sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him.他对周围满脸热切的人们报以冷笑。
三、派生词adv. eagerly 急切地；渴望地；热心地n. eagerness 渴望；热心2. recent adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)最近的e.g. In the most recent attack, one man was shot dead and two others werewounded.在最近的这次袭击中有1人被打死，另2人受伤。
三、常用词组1)in recent years 最近几年e.g. Yet even as we have maintained our advantage, our competitiveness has been set back in recent years.然而，虽然我们保持了我们的优势，我们的竞争力在最近几年还是有所倒退。
2)recent situation 近况e.g. I am eager to know your recent situation.我渴望知道你最近的情况。
四、派生词adv. recently 最近；新近n. recentness 最近3. outstanding adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)杰出的e.g. Sunyang is an outstanding athlete and deserved to win.孙杨是位杰出的运动员，他理应获胜。
2)尚未解决的e.g. We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty thatis ready to sign.我们在签署这份条约之前还有一些悬而未决的问题要解决。
工程机械专业英语讲义
Chapter one The Basic of Engineering Machinery Lesson 1 The basic machines一、vocabulary(词汇)pryvt.窥视,撬;n.杠杆,杠杆作用,窥探,探究者to pry up a floorboard撬起一块地板Can you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?fulcrumn.支点;adj.可转动的,支点adjustable fulcrum(跳板)可调整支点的活动装置brake beam fulcrum制动梁支点brake lever fulcrum制动杠杆支点, 制动梁支柱seesawn.杠杆,上下运动,交替;adj.上下运动的,杠杆式的play at seesaw玩跷跷板the seesaw between the attackers and the defenders攻守双方的拉锯战valven.阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管空调阀air cylinder valve气筒阀air escape valve泄气阀amplifying valve (=amplifier valve)放大(电子)管angle valve角阀angle back-pressure valve背压角阀pivotn.枢轴, 支点, (讨论的)中心点, 重点pivot on以...为轴心而转动; 绕着...转动视...而定; 随...而转移pivot upon以...为轴心而转动; 绕着...转动视...而定; 随...而转移二. sentence（句子）见教材p25附加句原文：By means of these different shapes cans can change rotating into reciprocating (back andforth or up and down ) motion or into oscillating or vibrating motion译文：借助不同的形状，凸轮可以把旋转运动变为往复式运动（来回运动或上下运动），还可以变成摆动或震动。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义19)
高考3500高频词汇讲解191. remind v.一、变形：reminds, reminded, reminded, reminding二、词义：1)使记起; 使想起~ sb (about/of sth)e.g. So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they hadmet.因此她只是欢迎了蒂姆，让他想起他们上次的相遇。
2)提醒remind sb. to do sth.e.g. Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine?你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？三、派生词adj. remindful 提醒的；留意的n. reminder 暗示；提醒的人/物；催单2. reduce v.一、变形：reduces, reduced, reduced, reducing二、词义：1)减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）e.g. Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。
2)使变稠; 收汁e.g. Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half.在小炖锅中煮沸汤汁使其收到一半的量。
3)使陷入be reduced toe.g. They were reduced to extreme poverty.他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。
三、派生词adj.reduced 减少的；[数] 简化的；缩减的reductive 还原的；减少的reducible [数] 可约的，可化简的；可还原的；可缩小的n.reduction 减少；下降；缩小reducer [助剂] 还原剂；减径管3. fasten v.一、变形：fastens, fastened, fastened, fastening二、词义：1)扣紧; 系牢e.g. She got quickly into her Mini and fastened the seat-belt.她迅速钻进她的迷你车并系好安全带。
高考复习英语核心词汇系列---A部讲义
AA.M./a.m.abbr.早晨；上午abandon [abaendon] v.放弃；遗弃；离弃ability [abrlhti] v./n.能力；本事able [ebol] a.有能力的；能够·……的详解我们经常会用able+动词不定式的形式。
通常情况下able的意思与can是一样的。
able的否定形式是unable(不能)。
例如：Some people are able to/can walk on their hands.有些人能倒立。
I am unable to/can't understand what she wants.我不能理解她想要什么。
can指本身具有的能力，比如can see(可以看见)，can hear(可以听见)。
例句I am able to use the computer,but my wife can't. My son is able to play the building blocks.我会使用计算机，而我太太不会用。
我儿子会玩积木。
aboard [abord] ad./prep.在船(飞机、车)上；上船(飞机、车)例句Passengers for the Flight 888, all aboardplease!乘888航班的乘客请登机！gateA]about [abast] prep.关于；在······周围；在·····附近ad.在四周；在附近；大约详解我们用about来讨论平常性的问题；on多用于书籍、讲话等更严肃、更专业的问题。
例如：A book for children about Africa and its people.一本给孩子们介绍非洲和非洲人民的书。
A text book on African history.一本非洲历史的教科书。
高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义(二)
落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（二）重点单词详解1．struggle vt.努力；抗争；挣扎 n. 斗争；挣扎struggle against / with 与……抗争struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来struggle with sb 与某人搏斗struggle for... 为……而斗争1)It was the year when Britain declared ________ on Germany. 那是英国对德国宣战的一年。
2)She will not give up her children ________ ________.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。
【答案】1)war 2)without strugglestruggle, war, battle和fight用法辨析struggle指为了获得某物而努力奋斗或彼此打架，也指为了逃避攻击而与某人搏斗。
war指国家间、民族间的战争的总称。
battle指规模较小的战争。
fight指具体的争夺，可以指人类之间的战斗也可以指动物间的战斗。
(1)用struggle的适当形式填空1)The ________ for independence was long and hard.2)The prisoners ________ ________ their captors but couldn't escape.3)The two leaders are ________ ________ power.【答案】1)struggle 2)struggled against 3)struggling for(2)名校押题In the past, my parents ________ to bring my brother and me up and afford our education, they had a hard life.A．worked B．helped C．contributed D．struggled 【答案与解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。
英语专业八级核心词汇讲义
专八核心词汇速记讲义1.Indeed, if many investors abjure the listing, those who hold their noses and take the plunge might make even more money. 当然，如果许多投资人放弃购买该公司的股份，那些铤而走险的人也许真的会赚更多的钱。
（专八词汇—精选例句）【abjure】[əb'dʒuə]（vt.）发誓放弃;公开放弃(意见、信仰、权利、国籍等)（专八词汇）1个考点搭配：abjure the realm★与“词根jur-法律;发誓”有关的单词：（1）abjuration [,æbdʒuə'reiʃən]（n.）发誓放弃;公开放弃(意见等)（专八词汇）（ation-复合名词后缀）（2）jural [['dʒuərəl]（adj.）法律上的，有关权利义务的（专八词汇）（1个考点搭配：Jural Society ）（3）jury ['dʒuəri]（n.）陪审员;陪审团;评判委员会1个派生词：●juror ['dʒʊərə]（n.）陪审团的一员（专八词汇）（or-人）（4）injure['indʒə]（v.）损害,损伤,伤害（1个考点搭配：an injured adventurer ）1个派生词：●injurious [in'dʒʊəri:əs]（adj.）伤害的；中伤的；不公正的（专八词汇）（5）adjure [ə'dʒuə]（vt.）起誓;(郑重)恳求,祈求（专八词汇）2个派生词：●adjuration [,ædʒuə'reiʃən]（n.）起誓,严令;(郑重)恳求,祈求（专八词汇）（ation-复合名词后缀）●adjuratory [ə'dʒuərətəri]（adj.）誓言的;(郑重)恳求的（专八词汇）（ory-形容词后缀）（6）conjure['kʌndʒə]（v.）①念咒召唤(神灵、魔鬼等);用魔法变出,施魔法②恳求,祈求（专八词汇）2个派生词：●conjuration[,kɔndʒuə'reiʃən]（n.）以神名召唤;施法;魔术（专八词汇）（ation-复合名词后缀）●conjurer [kʌn'dʒurə]（= conjuror ['kʌndʒərə]）（n.）巫师,行妖术者;魔术师（专八词汇）（er-表人）（7）perjure ['pə:dʒə]（vt.）使发假誓;使作伪证,为…作伪证（专八词汇）3个派生词：●perjured ['pə:dʒəd]（adj.）伪证的（专八词汇）（ed-的）●perjury ['pə:dʒəri]（n.）【律】伪证(罪) （专八词汇）（y-名词后缀）●perjurer ['pə:dʒərə]（n.）发假誓者;作伪证者（专八词汇）（er-表人）★词根“juris-法律”：（1）jurisdiction [,dʒuəris'dikʃən]（n.）司法权；管辖权；管辖范围；权限（专八词汇）（2）jurisprudence[,dʒʊərɪs'pru:dns]（n.）法学，法理学（专八词汇）★词根“judg-法律;判断”：⑴judgment（= judgement）['dʒʌdʒmənt]（n.）判断(力),鉴定;判决,审判（2）adjudge [ə'dʒʌdʒ]（vt.）判决,裁决（专八词汇）（3）prejudge ['pri: 'dʒʌdʒ]（v.）预先判断（专八词汇）★词根“judic-法律;判断”：（1）judicial [dʒu:'diʃəl]（adj.）司法的;法庭的;法官的;公正的（专八词汇）（1个考点搭配：judicial bureau ）（2）judiciary [dʒu: 'dɪʃi: ,eri:]（n.）司法部;(总称)法官;司法制度（adj.）法院的;司法的（GRE 词根）（3）judicious [dʒu: 'dɪʃəs]（adj.）明智的;有判断力的,有见识的（GRE词根）1个扩展词：●injudicious [,indʒu: 'diʃəs]（adj.）不明智的;判断不当的（专八词汇）（in-否定）（4）adjudicate [ə'dʒu:d i,keɪt]（vt.）判决,裁决;当…的评判员(或裁判员、仲裁人)（n.）判决，宣判；裁判员（GRE词根）（5）prejudice ['predʒudis]（n.）偏见;歧视;【律】损害,侵害（vt.）使有偏见;不利于,损害★单词“just-(adv.)恰好,正好;刚刚好(adj.)正义的,公正的”：（1）justify ['dʒʌstif]（vt.）证明…是正当的;为…辩护;是…的正当理由（辨析justify、testify 两词两词都与“证明”有关，但侧重点不同。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义14)
高考3500高频词汇讲解141. mental adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)智力的e.g. The intellectual environment has a significant influence on the mentaldevelopment of the children.知识环境对孩子智力的发展有着重大的影响。
2)精神健康的e.g. Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.压力对身体健康和心理健康都有影响。
3)心理上的e.g. The mental state that had created her psychosis was no longer present.导致她精神错乱的那种心理状态已经不见了。
三、常用词组go mental = be very angrye.g. My dad will go mental when he finds out.我父亲要是发现了，他会气疯的。
四、派生词mentally adv.e.g. I was exhausted, both physically and mentally.我身心俱疲。
2. physical adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)物理的e.g. The physical characteristics of the terrain is unique.这一地形的物理特点很奇怪。
2)身体的e.g. The terrible experience has affected both her mental and physical health.这次糟糕的经历让她身心受损。
3)实物的e.g. Physical and ideological barriers had come down in Eastern Europe.物质和意识形态上的障碍在东欧都已减少。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义9)
高考3500高频词汇讲解9 Abuse一，变形：abuses; abusing; abused; abused;二，词义；n.(U) 滥用，虐待、辱骂1）滥用e.g. alcohol abuse2）虐待e.g. child abuse3) 辱骂(u)e.g. a torrent of abuse 一通臭骂vt. 滥用，虐待、辱骂1）滥用e.g. She abused her position by giving jobs to her friends.2）虐待e.g. All the children had been physically abused.3) 辱骂e.g. The referee had been threatened and abused.三，近义：insult, 谩骂，侮辱n. (c),; vt. Insult sb.四，派生：abuser，n. 滥用者；虐待者；Income一，变形：incomes(复数);二，词义；n. （总）收入e.g. Tourism is a major source of income for the area.e.g. high/ low income三，拓展：1) wage，n. 按周领取的工资、工钱：2) bill，n. 账单：3) salary，n. 按月发放的工资、薪水：4) earnings，n. （非固定）收入；利润Pressure一，词义；n.1) （C/U）压力；压强e.g. water/air pressuree.g. a pressure gauge气压计2) （U）（人的精神）压力；put. pressure on Sb. 给…施加压力e.g. peer pressuree.g. The job puts great pressure on him.三，近义：1）Stress，n. 因生活问题引起的压力：2）Pressure n. 为达到某一目的而表现出的压力3）Tension，n. 情绪上的紧张、烦躁：4）Strain，n. 压力之下出现的问题、担忧：四，派生：press, vt. 按压Characteristic一，变形：Characteristics;（复数）二，词义；n. 特征，特点（常用复数）e.g. The two groups of children have different characteristics.Adj. 典型的，独特的（of）；三，近义：1）feature，n. （吸引人的）特征，特色，多用于说明人物/事物：2）trait ,n. (某人特有的)先天性格特征Variety一，变形：varieties;（复数）二，词义；n. 多样性，种类，变化1）变化（U）e.g. We all need variety in our diet.2）各式各样(S)（a variety of许多）e.g. This tool can be used in a variety of ways.3）种类（C）e.g. Apples come in a great many varieties.三，近义：1）type，n. 类型；种类：四，派生：various，adj. 各种各样的；vary, vt. Vary from (不同，变化)Desire一，变形：desires; desiring; desired; desired;二，词义；n.（C）愿望，渴望，欲望e.g. a strong desire for power.vt. Desire to do sth.愿望，渴望，欲望（不用于进行时）e.g. We all desire health and happiness.三，近义：1）ambition，n. 野心：四，派生：desirable, adj.渴望的;值得做的；undesirable，adj.,不可取的，不想要的Emotion一，变形：Emotions; （复数）二，词义；n. 情感，感情，情绪e.g. He lost control of his emotions.三，近义：1）feeling，n. 感情：四，派生：1) emotional,adj.;emoji,n.表情符号2)-ion名次后缀；intentionProcess一，变形：processes;（复数）二，词义；n. 过程，程序e.g. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.Vt. 1）加工，处理e.g. The food is processed carefully.2) 审核，审阅e.g. The application should be processed quickly.三，派生：processing n. 过程；进程：Habit一，词义；1）（C）n. 习惯e.g. good/bad habits2) (u) 习性e.g. out of habit出于习惯Whisper一，变形：whispers; whispering; whispered; whispered二，词义；n.(C) 耳语，私语e.g. They spoke in whispers.vt/vi. 耳语，私语e.g. He whispered to me that he was afraid.e.g. She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.三，近义：murmur, (C), n./vt. （私下）发怨言，牢骚，自言自语Energy一，变形：energies; （复数）二，词义；n.1) (C),精力，能量e.g. It's a waste of time and energy.2) (U),精能源e.g. solar energy.三，近义：1）force，n. 力量：2）power，n. 能力：四，派生：energetic，adj,Pace一，变形：paces; pacing; paced; paced二，词义；n. (U),步伐，节奏，速度e.g. We encourage all students to work at their own pace.Vt. 1）来回踱步；2）调整（工作）节奏e.g. She learns to pace herself in the job.三，近义：1）speed，n. 速度，速率：at the speed of2）rate，n. 速度，速率, 比率：at the rate ofFunction一，变形：functions; functioning; functioned;二，词义；n. (C), 功能，作用e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.vi. 运转e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.三，近义：1）operate，vi. 运转：vt. 操作四，派生：functional, adj.Chemical一，变形：Chemicals;(复数)二，词义；n. 化学制品，化学药品e.g. The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals.adj. 化学的e.g. the chemical element化学元素三，派生：1) chemistry, n. (U) 化学；inorganic/organic chemistry 无机/ 有机化学2) biochemistry生物化学Symbol一，变形：Symbols; (复数)二，词义；n. 象征，符号e.g. White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 三，近义：1）mark，n. 记号（多指做笔记）2）sign，n. 标记，符号（多指迹象，征兆，手势）四，派生：symbolic，adj.; symbolizeConflict一，变形：conflicts; conflicting; conflicted;二，词义；n. (C),冲突，矛盾，战争e.g. a conflict between two cultures.e.g. conflict of interest 利益冲突vi．conflict with(想法，信仰)矛盾，冲突.e.g. The result conflicts with the earlier findings.三，近义：1）battle，n. 战争2）fight，n./v. 打斗，战斗(fight with/against/for)Solution一，变形：Solutions;（复数）二，词义；n. 解答，解决办法e.g. There's no simple solution to this problem.三，近义：1）answer，n. 答案四，派生：solve , vt. 解决，solve a problemMovie一，变形：movies; （复数）二，词义；n. 电影e.g.Have you seen that movie?三，近义：1）film，n. 电影Feeling一，变形：feelings; （复数）二，词义；n. 1)感觉，知觉e.g.I know the feeling.2) feelings on /about sth.态度，意见e.g. I have mixed feelings about giving up the job.三，近义：1）emotion，n. 情感，情绪四，派生：feel vt.感觉，体会Lie一，变形：lies; lying; （一过））lay; lied; (过分lied；lain;)二，词义；n. （C）谎言，谎话e.g.The whole story is nothing but a pack of lies.e.g.white lies善意的谎言vi. 撒谎（lies; lying; lied; lied）~ (to sb) (about sth)e.g.Don't lie to me about your age.vi. 躺，（lay; lain）,躺下（lie down）e.g.The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.vi. 存在于e.g.The problems lie in deciding when to start..。
高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义(四)
落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（四）重点单词详解1．affect vt. 影响；侵袭；感染；(感情上)深深打动；使悲伤affect sb / sth 影响某人/某物be affected by 被……打动/感动；受……影响be affected with high fever 发高烧1)His speech ________ the audience deeply. 他的讲话深深地打动了观众。
2)They were deeply ________ by the news of her death. 她死亡的消息令他们很悲伤。
【答案】1)affected 2)affectedaffect, influence和effect用法辨析affect 表示“影响”时，用于有形的物质力量。
Their journey was affected by the bad weather. 他们的旅行受坏天气的影响。
influence 指无形的、长期积累的影响力，能决定受影响人的心智。
He was influenced by his biology teacher to take up the study of medicine. 受他生物老师的影响，他研究起医学来。
The new law will effect the national economic. 这项新法律将会影响国家经济。
(1)用affect, effect和influence的适当形式填空1)The drought seriously ________the harvest.2)The way the guests were treated in the hotel ________their evaluation of the service.3)The president could not ________ a change in policy.4)The slight change of weather can ________her poor health.【答案】1)affected 2)influenced 3)effect 4)affect(2)名校押题We are interested in the weather because it ________us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A．affection B．influences C．affects D．effects【答案与解析】 C affect “影响”，在句中作谓语；influence “潜移默化的影响”； effect作动词时，意为“起作用”。
高考英语复习3500高频词汇讲解4讲义
高考3500高频词汇讲解41、anxiety n.一、变形：复数：anxieties二、词义：焦虑，忧虑；切望，渴望；令人焦虑的事；挂念He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.他表现出焦躁不安和过度忧虑的症状。
Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.许多社论对该国经济的混乱状况表示忧虑。
三、派生词anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的[比较级more anxious 最高级most anxious ]词组：1、anxious about 为……担心；对……着急So I’m not feeling anxious about anything I “have to” do.所以我不对任何“不得不”去做的事情感到焦虑。
2、anxious for 为…而焦虑Do not be anxious for things and not harm you have to know that you have now is you have an urgent want.不要为渴望得到没有东西而伤害你所拥有的，要知道你现在拥有的正是你曾迫切想得到的。
四、同义词辨析anxiety, worry 这些名词均含"焦虑，关心"之意。
anxiety : 指对预料中的不祥之事的焦虑。
worry : 侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。
2、anniversary n./adj.一、词义：1. n. 复数：anniversaries 周年纪念日Next year will be the 60th(序数词) anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition.明年将是禁酒令废除60周年。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义6)
高考3500高频词汇讲解61、current adj./n.一、变形：复数：currents二、词义：1）N-COUNT (河、湖或海的)水流，潮流Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.在正常情况下，太平洋的热带洋流自东向西流。
2）ADJ 现时的;当前的;进行中的The current situation is very different to that in 1990.当前的形势与1990年截然不同。
三、派生词currently 当前；一般地The nature of the medicine is currently a trade secret.这一药物的性质目前是个商业机密。
2、modern adj./n.adj. 比较级：more modern 最高级：most modern1)现代的；当代的；近代的Stress is a major problem of modern life.压力是现代生活中的主要问题。
2) (艺术、音乐、时装等的风格) 新式的；有别于传统的modern art/architecture/drama现代艺术/ 建筑/ 戏剧n. 复数：moderns 现代人；有思想的人We are moderns. 我们都是现代人。
派生词：modernized 使……现代化They have failed to modernize their factories.他们没能使他们的工厂现代化。
3、convenientadj. 1)方便的;便利的The family thought it was more convenient to eat in the kitchen.这家人认为在厨房吃饭更方便。
2)(时间)方便的，合适的，合宜的Would this evening be convenient for you? ~ (for sb/sth) 对……很方便今天晚上你方便吗？派生词：convenienceat sb's convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？4、responsible adj. 比较级：more responsible 最高级：most responsible1) 职责be ~ (for sb/sth) | ~ (for doing sth) 有责任做……；负责……；Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义11)
高考3500高频词汇讲解11 Nature一，变形：natures;二，词义；n. 自然，自然界，本质，性质1) 自然，自然界，e.g. the beauties of nature.2) 本质，性质e.g. It's difficult to define the exact nature of the problem. 四，派生：natural 自然的，天然的；natural resource自然资源Excitement二，词义；1) n. (U) 兴奋，刺激e.g. Because of her excitement, she dropped her glass.2）（C）令人兴奋的事情e.g. Being admitted by the desirable college is an excitement.三，近义：thrill 兴奋感；兴奋；激动Similarity一，变形：similarities（复数）;二，词义；n. 类似，类似处e.g. She bears a striking similarity to her mother.三，近义：resemble, v. e.g. She closely resembles her sister.Similar二，词义；adj. 相似的~ (to sb/sth) |e.g. My teaching style is similar to that of other teachers.e.g. The two houses are similar in size.三，近义：Similarity, n.Poison一，变形：poisons（复数）; poisons（三单）; poisoning; poisoned;二，词义；n. 毒药，毒素，毒液e.g. Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.v. 毒害e.g. The rumors that she had poisoned him could never be proved. 三，派生：toxic，poisonousDisaster一，变形：disasters（复数）；二，词义；n. 灾难，灾祸e.g. Thousands died in the disaster.三，近义：tragedy n. 悲剧性事件，惨剧；三，派生：disastrousRescue一，变形：rescues（复数）; rescues（三单）; rescuing; rescued; 二，词义；n. 援救，营救e.g. We had given up hope of rescue.vt. 援救，营救~ sb/sth (from sth/sb)e.g. He rescued a child from drowning.三，近义：1）save v. 解救，挽救；Fright一，变形：frights；二，词义；n. 惊吓，恐惧e.g. He was shaking with fright.三，近义：terrify 使恐吓四，派生：frighten 使受惊Shake一，变形：shakes；shaking; shook；shaken；二，词义；v. 摇晃，震动，颤抖1) vi./vt. 摇晃, 震动e.g. The whole house shakes when a train goes past.1) vi. 颤抖e.g. He was shaking with fear.Value一，变形：values （复数）；values（三单）；valuing；valued 二，词义；vt. 重视，估计，评价1）重视e.g. I really value him as a friend.2）估计e.g. The property has been valued at over $2 million.n. 价值，价格e.g. The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.三、近义：1) estimate v. 估计，估算2）assess v. 估价，估计，核定四、派生：valuableBother一，变形：bothers; bothering; bothered;二，词义；v. 打扰，烦扰，麻烦，费心e.g. I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.三，近义：1）disturb v. 妨碍，干扰，打扰；Bear一，变形：bears；bearing；bore；borne；二，词义；vt./ vi. 忍受，承受e.g. The pain was almost more than he could bear.三，近义：1）endure v. [正式] 忍受，忍耐；2）stand v. 经受；忍受；3）tolerate v. 忍受，容忍；四，拓展：bear in mind记住surround一，变形：surrounds; surrounding；surrounded二，词义；vt. 包围，围绕e.g. Police surrounded the building...三，派生：surroundings 环境Settle一，变形：settles；settling；settled；二，词义；v. 使定居，解决1) 使定居e.g. She settled in Vienna after her father's death.2) 解决e.g. It's time you settled your differences with your father.三，近义：1）stay v. 留宿，暂住2）reside v. [正式] 居住，定居；四、派生：settlement 定居，和解Intend一，变形：intends；intending；intended；二，词义；vt. 想要，打算e.g. It is intended that production will start at the end of the monthe.g. The employer intends to offer him a house for free.四，派生：intention n. 意图，目的Garden一，变形：gardens（复数）; gardens（三单）；gardening；gardened；二，词义；n. 花园e.g. children playing in the gardenv. 从事园艺，栽培花木e.g. Jim gardened at the home of his friends on weekends.三，派生1）gardener n. 花匠Remove一、变形：removes; removing; removed;二，词义；vt. 清除，移除，搬开e.g. He removed his hand from her shoulder.三，近义：delete v. delete filesAmuse一，变形：amuses; amusing; amused;二，词义；vt. 使发笑，使愉快e.g. My funny drawings amused the kids.Appreciate一、变形：appreciates; appreciating; appreciated;二，词义；vt. 理解，欣赏，感激1）理解e.g.What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.2）欣赏e.g.You can't really appreciate foreign literature.3）感激e.g.Your support is greatly appreciated.三，近义：thankful四，派生：appreciationConfuse一，变形：;二，词义；v. 使困惑，混淆1）使困惑e.g.They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.2）混淆e.g.People often confuse me and my twin sister.三，近义：1）puzzle v. 使困惑，使迷惑四，派生：。
汽车专业英语讲义词汇
一. 基本车辆术语1. Types of Motor VehicleTypes of Passenger Car 轿车[乘用车]类型passenger car 轿车minicar 微型轿车subcompact car 普通级轿车compact car 中级轿车intermediate car 中高级轿车limousine car 高级轿车race car, sport car 赛车saloon, 2-door sedan 双门轿车sedan 四门轿车coupe 单排座轿车coupe two seater 双排座轿车PU pickup car, 客货两用车，皮卡RV=recreational vehicle 休闲车SUV=sport utility vehicle 多用途车MPV=multipurpose passenger vehicleAPV=all purpose vehicle多用途乘用车，多功能车Types of Commercial Vehicle 商用车类型CV Commercial Vehiclebus 客车mini bus 微型客车light bus 轻型客车medium bus 中型客车large bus 大型客车extra bus 特大型客车articulated bus 铰接客车double-deck bus 双层客车truck 货车mini-truck 微型货车light truck 轻型货车- LTmedium truck 中型货车heavy duty truck 重型货车off-road vehicle 越野汽车 - ORVhummer 高机动性多用途车special purpose vehicle 专用车van 厢式汽车tanker 罐式汽车dump truck 自卸汽车semi-trailer tractor (towing) vehicle 半挂牵引汽车full-trailer tractor (towing) vehicle 全挂牵引汽车trailer 挂车2. Vehicle DimensionsA overall length, total length总长vehicle length 车长B overall width 总宽vehicle width 车宽C unladen height 空载高度vehicle height 车高D front overhang 前悬E WB=wheelbase,wheel space 轴距F rear overhang 后悬G ground clearance 最小离地间隙H,I tread, track width, tread width wheel tread 轮距H front track 前轮距I rear track 后轮距J approach angle, angle of incidence 接近角K departure angle, angle of departure 离去角L loading height 装载高度M chassis frame length 底盘车架长度N cargo body height 货箱高度O interior cargo body height 货箱内高度P cargo body width 货箱宽度R interior cargo body width货箱内宽度1 engine发动机2 front axle前桥3 wheel车轮4 clutch 离合器5 transmissiongearbox 变速器6 propeller shaft 传动轴7 universal Joint万向节8 final drive and differential主减速器和差速器9 rear axle 后桥10 body 车身maximum speed of the automobile 汽车最高车速time of acceleration of the automobile 汽车加速时间maximum gradeability of the automobile 汽车最大爬坡度constant-speed fuel economy of the automobile 汽车等速油耗economical speed of the automobile 汽车经济车速vehicle tractive performance 汽车动力性criteria for the evaluation of vehicle tractive performance 汽车动力性指标fuel economy 汽车燃油经济性braking performance of automobile 汽车制动性braking force 制动力braking deceleration 制动减速度stopping distance 制动距离controllability and stability of the automobile 汽车操纵稳定性 ride comfort of the automobile 汽车行驶平顺性mobility over unprepared terrain 汽车通过性automobile trafficability 汽车通过性automobile test 汽车试验maximum speed 最高车速试验acceleration test 加速试验gradability test 爬被试验coasting test 滑行试验fuel economy test 燃油经济性试验braking force test 制动力试验stopping distance test 制动距离试验brake effectiveness test 制动效能试验braking in a turn test 转弯制动试验steering efforts test 转向轻便性试验vehicle noise test 汽车噪声试验loading fatigue test 加载疲劳试验simulative fatigue test 模拟疲劳试验intensive test 强化试验reliability test 可靠性试验road test 道路试验emission regulations 排放法规emission control 排放控制body durability test 车身疲劳试验body sealing test 车身密封试验body vibration test 车身振动试验body surface pressure distribution test 车身表面压力分布试验wind tunnel test 风洞试验air conditioning test 空调试验CG=center of gravity 重心X longitudinal axis 纵轴, x轴Y lateral axis 横轴, y轴Z vertical axis 竖轴, z轴steering angle 转向角2 wheel slip angle 车轮侧偏角roll axis 侧倾轴4 roll 侧倾steering wheel方向盘steering wheel angle 方向盘转角steering wheel force 方向盘力8 yaw 横摆yaw velocity 横摆速度9 pitch 俯仰(纵倾)pitch angle 俯仰角dive 点头，俯冲squat 下坐(车身后部下沉)二. General Terminology of Electricity and Electronics 电气和电子设备基本术语nominal voltage，basic system voltage 标称电压rated voltage 额定电压earth, ground 搭铁negative earth 负极搭铁正极板 positive plate负极板 negative plate隔板 separator壳体 housing加液盖 vent cover连接条 cell connector电解液 electrolyte蒸馏水 distil watermaintenance-free battery 免维护蓄电地转子总成 rotor assembly定子铁芯 stator core爪极claw pole滑环, 集电环slip ring磁轭yoke电剧brush电刷架 brush holder电刷弹簧 brush spring皮带轮 belt pulley整流器 rectifier二极管diode前端盖 drive end bearing bracket后端盖 slip ring end bearing bracket“B”接线柱 battery terminal“F”接线柱 field terminal“E”接线柱 earth terminal“N”接线柱 neutral terminal无刷交流发电机 brushless alternator整体式交流发电机 intergrate alternator辅出特性曲线 output characteristic curve空载转速 cut-in speed额定转速 rated speed额定电流 rated current最大电流 maximum current磁场电流 field current内搭铁 internal earth外搭铁 external earth电压调节器voltage regulator磁场维电器field relay充电指示继电器charge indicator relay单级电磁振动式调节器single stage voltage regulator 双级电磁振动式调节器double stage voltage regulator 并联线圈 shunt winding串联线圈 series winding加速线圈 accelerating winding补偿线圈 compensating winding调节电阻 regulating resistor加速电阻 accelerating resistor铁芯core衔铁armature磁分路片 magnetic by-pass plate晶体管调节器 transistor regulator集成电路调节器IC regulator内置式调节器 built-in voltage regulator调节电压 regulating voltage起动机 starter, starting motor单向离合器 over-running clutch滚柱式单向离合器roller-type over-running clutch摩擦片式单向离合器 multi-disc clutch惯性式离合器inertia clutch棘轮式单向离合器 ratcher type clutch电磁开关 solenoid switch吸拉线圈 pull-in winding保持线圈 holding winding啮合弹簧 meshing spring复位弹簧 return spring起动继电器 starter relay机械啮合式起动机mechanically engaged drive starter 惯性式起动机inertia drive starter减速起动机 reduction drive starter进气预热器 intake air heater电热塞glow plug预热指示器heater indicator制动力矩lock torque转矩 running torque制动电压 lock voltage空载转速 no-load speed标称功率 nominal power额定功率 rated power输出功率 power output传统点火系统 classic ignition system点火线圈 ignition coil高压插座high tension terminal初级绕组 primary winding次级绕组 secondary winding低压接线柱low tension terminal干式点火线圈dry ignition coil分电器 ignition distributor断电器 contact breaker断电管 contact breaker arm触点间隙 point gap触点区 contact point电容器 condenser分电器盖 distributor cap半导体点火系统（电子点火系统）semi-conductor ignition system, electronic ignition system 电感点火系统 inductive ignition system电容放电点火系统 capacitor discharge ignition system 无触点点火系统 breaker-less ignition system定时转子 timer rotor磁脉冲信号发生器 magnetic pulse generator传感线圈 pick-up coil光电信号发生器 photoelectric signal generator霍尔信号发生器 Hall signal generator火花塞 spark plug中心电极 central electrode绝缘体 insulator点火电压储备 ignition voltage reserve次级输出电压 secondary output voltage火花电压 spark voltage火花电流 spark current火花持续时间 spark duration平均输入电流 average current input峰值线圈电流 peak coil current断电电流 interruption current触点断电电流 contact breaker current初级供电电压 primary supply voltage初级线圈感应电压primary induced voltage点火提前角 spark advance angle刮水电动机 wiper motor吸风电动机 heater motor冷风电动机 cooling an motor燃油泵电动机 fuel pump motor座位移动电动机 seat adjustment motor洗涤电动机 washer motor洗涤泵 washer pump散热器电动机 radiator motor天线电动机 antenna motor门窗电动机window lift motor前照灯head lamp封闭式前照灯 sealed beam headlamp半封闭式前照灯semi-sealed beam headlamp 外装式前照灯 external mounted headlamp 内装式前照灯flush mounted headlamp灯壳 lamp housing遮光罩 light shield反射镜 reflector辅助前照灯 auxiliary headlamp组合前灯 combination headlamp灯泡 bulb雾灯 fog 1amp牌照灯 license plate lamp壁灯 bracket lamp顶灯 ceiling lamp阅读灯 reading lamp踏步灯step lamp仪表灯instrument panel lamp工作灯 portable lamp防空灯 black-out lamp远光 high beam近光lower beam对称光 symmetrical beam非对称光 asymmetrical beam眩光 dazzle, glare前小灯 side light尾灯 tail lamp倒车灯 back-up lamp制动灯stop lamp转向信号灯 turn signal lamp组合后灯combination tail lamp停车灯parking lamp示廓灯 marker lamp示宽灯 width lamp示高灯 height lamp危险报警闪光灯hazard warning lamp转向指示灯turn light indicator电容式闪光器．capacitor type flasher热丝式闪光器 hot wire type flasher晶体管闪光器 transistor flasher危险报警闪光器 hazard warning flasher闪光额率 flash rate起动时间 starting time电控气喇叭electronically controlled air horn晶体管电喇叭、电子电喇叭 transistor horn扬声筒 horn projector膜片diaphragm共鸣板 resonant disc喇叭继电器 born relay倒车报警器 back-up buzzer蜂鸣器 buzzer仪表板总成 instrument panel assembly车速里程表 speedometer磁感应式车速里程表 magnetic inductive speedometer电子车速里程表 electronic speedometer转速表 tachometer油压表 oil pressure gauge电磁式油压表指示器electromagnetic oil pressure indicator 电流表 ammeter电压表 voltmeter软轴 flexible shaft组合仪表 combination instrument气压表air pressure gauge可变电阻式油压表传感器variable resistance oil pressure sensor 机油油量报警传感器oil level warning sensor压力报警传感器pressure warning sensor空气滤清器堵塞报警传感器air-filter clog warning sensor温度表 temperature gauge双金属式温度表指示器bimetallic temperature indicator电磁式温度表指示器 electromagnetic temperature indicator 热敏电阻式温度表传感器thermistor temperature sensor温度报警传感器燃油表temperature warning sensor gauge行驶记录表 tachograph点火开关ignition switch车灯开关 lighting switch制动灯开关stop lamp switch手制动灯开关 hand brake indicator switch变光开关 dimmer switch转向灯开关turn signal switch倒车灯开关back-up lamp switch停车灯开关 parking 1amp switch仪表灯开关instrument lamp switch门灯开关door lamp switch阅读灯开关reading 1amp switch刮水器开关 wiper switch暖风开关heater switch雾灯开关 fog lamp switch插座 socket拖车插座trailer cable socket柱式插座pine socket插接器 connector电线束 wiring harness电路断电器 circuit breaker熔断丝fuseEV= electric vehicle 电动车B hybrid drive 混合动力装置G generator 发电机1 motor 电动机2 inverter 变换器3 battery subsystem 蓄电池子系统battery pack 蓄电池组(包, 堆)4 vehicle subsystem 车辆子系统5 system controller 系统控制器6 electric power steering 电动助力转向8 internal-combustion engine 内燃机9 electric drive 电力驱动装置10power shift transmission 动力换档变速器integrated AC motor and automatic transaxle集成式交流电动机和自动变速驱动桥THS Toyota Hybrid System 丰田混合动力系统operating condition 工作情况1 gasoline engine 汽油发动机2 clutch 离合器3 generator 发电机4 drive sprocket 主动链轮B1 series arrangement 串联布置B2, B3 parallel arrangement 并联布置5 power split device 动力分解(离)装置planetary gears 行星齿轮机构6 ring gear 齿圈8 sun gear 大阳轮(发电机)10 chain 链条11 driven sprocket 从动链轮12 final drive 主减速器13 differential 差速器14 reduction gear 减速齿轮15 inverter 反电压逆变器16 battery 蓄电池17 reduction gears 减速机构18 transmission 变速器board information terminal 仪表板信息终端[中心]1 operator 操作盘2 central display 中央显示器3 to the drive train 至驱动系统4 CAN bus=controller area network bus信息控制器区域网络总线11 OBD on-board diagnostic 车载诊断装置14 RDS-TMC 无线电交通信息频道RDS=radio data system 无线电数据系统TMC=traffic message channel 交通信息频道INFO=information 信息FM= frequency modulation 调频CD=compact disk 光盘AM=amplitude modulation 调幅TP=teleprinter 电传打字机SCP=standard corporate protocol 标准共用协议（美国 SAE J1850） modules on the SCP MCN 标准共用协议多路通信网络中的模块MCN=multiplex communication module 多路通信网络1 next generation speed control module 下一阶段车速控制模块2 PCM＝power train control module 动力控制模块3 ABS/TCS module 防抱死制动系统/牵引力控制模块4 IC module=instrument cluster module 组会仪表模块5 MC module= message center module 信息中心模块6 DLC data link connector 数据传输线插接器7 FEM =front electronics module 前电子模块8 RKE module=remote keyless entry module 遥控门锁模块DDM = driver door module 驾驶员门锁模块9 REM =rear electronics module 后电子模块AB air bag安全气囊ABS anti-lock brake system 防抱死制动系统AC alternating current 交流电air conditioner 空调器automobile club汽车俱乐部ADL automatic door lock 自动门锁AEC automobile emission control 汽车排放控制AIAE American institute of automobile engineers美国汽车工程师协会A/M automatic/manual自动/手动AMT automatic mechanical transmission机械式自动变速器APC automatic performance control爆震自动控制系统ASC anti-slip control驱动防滑控制系统AT automatic transmission 自动变速器ATA anti-thief alarm防盗报警ATC automatic temperature control自动温度控制ATS anti-thief system防盗系统AWD all-wheel drive 全轮驱动AWS all-wheel steering 全轮转向BWI body in white 白车身CAD computer-aided design计算机辅助设计CAM computer-aided management计算机辅助设计CAE computer-aided engineering 计算机辅助工程CAN controller area network 控制器区域网络CCS cruise control system 巡航控制系统CNG compressed natural gas压缩天然气CIMS computer-integrated manufacturing system计算机集成制造系统CVT continuously variable transmission 无级变速器CR-V comfortable recreational vehicle (本田)舒适休闲车DC drag coefficient 风阻系数digital control 数字控制direct current 直流电DCI direct cylinder injection 直接喷入汽缸DCS deceleration control system 减速控制系统DEFI digital electronic fuel injection 数字式电子控制燃油喷射DFI digital fuel injection 数字式燃油喷射Direct fuel injection 直接燃油喷射DCM diagnostic control mode诊断控制模块DI direct injection 直接喷射DI diesel engine 直喷式柴油发动机DI gasoline engine 直喷式汽油发动机DOHC double overhead camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴DPB dual power brake 双回路助力制动DTC diagnostic trouble code 诊断故障码EAT electronic automatic transmission 电控自动变速器EAS electronic (control) air suspension电子控制空气悬架EBS electronic brake system 电子制动系EBTC electronic brake and traction control 制动和牵引力电子控制ECD electronic control diesel 电子控制柴油机ECI electronic control injection电子控制喷射ECI-turbo electronic control injection turbo电子控制燃油喷射涡轮增压发动机ECS Engine Control System 发动机控制系统Electronic control suspension电子控制悬架Electronic Control System 电子控制系统ECU electronic control unit 电子控制模块EFI electronic fuel injection 电子控制燃油喷射EGR exhaust-gas recirculation 废气再循环EHPS electronic hydrostatic power steering 电子液压蛀力转向EHV electric and hybrid vehicle 电动和混合动力汽车ECVT eletro-continuously variable (belt) transmission电子控制（带式）无级变速器EGI electronic gasoline injection 电子汽油喷射EPI electronic petrol injection 电子汽油喷射ESC electronic spark control 电子点火控制electric suspension control system电子控制悬架电子控制悬架ESP electronic stability program电子稳定程序ESCS electronic suspension control system 电子悬架控制系统ETC electronic traction control 电子牵引力控制装置ETS exhaust-gas-turbo-supercharger 废气涡轮增压器Euro 2 欧洲第二阶段排放限制标准EEC European economic community 欧共体ETCC European touring car championship 欧洲房（旅游、高性能）车锦标赛F1 Formula 1 一级方程式（汽车赛）FES Federal emission standard (美)联邦排放标准FF front front（发动机）前置前驱动FMS flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统FR front rear（发动机）前置后驱动FWD four wheel drive 四轮驱动Front wheel drive前轮驱动FWS four-wheel steering 四轮转向GT grand touring(轿车分类)高性能类，房车类，旅游类GTCC German touring car championship 德国房车冠军赛GPS global positioning system 全球卫星定位系统HTV hybrid test vehicle 混合动力试验车HUD head up display 抬头显示，前窗玻璃映像显示HV hybrid vehicle 混合动力车HC hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物ICE internal combustion engine 内燃机ICS intercooler system中冷系统IDI indirect fuel injection 间接燃油喷射IEEE institute of electrical and electronics engineers（美）电气与电子工程师学会IFS independent front suspension 前轮独立悬架INFLATABLE RESTRAINT （仪表板字符）安全气囊指示灯ISO international standard organization 国际标准化组织LAN local area network 局域网LCD liquid crystal display 液晶显示LNG liquefied natural gas 液化天然气LPG liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LMG liquefied mathane gas液化甲烷气MAN manual 手动的MT manual transmission手动变速器MIL malfunction indicator lamp 故障指示灯MPFI multi port fuel injection 多点燃油喷射MPI multi point injection 多点喷射MPV multipurpose vehicle多用途车NCAP new car assessment program 新型汽车鉴定程序NG netural gas 天然气NOX nitrogen oxide 氮氧化和物OBD system on-board diagnostic system 车载诊断装置PCV positive crankcase ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风PS power steering 动力转向PUC pickup car 客货两用小汽车，皮卡PU foam polyurethane foam 聚氨酯泡沫塑料PVC polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯RC engine rotary combustion engine 转子发动机RR rear rear（发动机）后置后驱动RV recreational vehicle 休闲车RWD rear-wheel drive 后轮驱动SAE society of automotive engineers,Inc. （美）汽车工程师学会SAMT semi-automatic transmission 半自动机械式变速器SFI sequential fuel injection顺序式燃油喷射SEPFI sequential electronic port fuel injection顺序电子燃油喷射SLV sport luxury vehicle 运动型豪华多用途车SLS sport luxury sedan 运动型豪华轿车ST sport touring car 运动型旅行车SUV sport utility vehicle 运动型多用途车SRD spin resistant differential 防滑差速器SRS supplemental restraint system 辅助约束装置（又称安全气囊）SRT street racing technology 公路赛车技术TBI throttle body fuel injection 节气门体燃油喷射TC technical center 技术中心Traffic control交通控制Turbo charger涡轮增压器Turbocharged coupe涡轮增压双门跑车TCC transaxle converter clutch 变矩器离合器，变速驱动桥TCCS Toyota computer controlled system 丰田计算机控制系统TCS traction control system 牵引力控制系统TD turbo diesel 涡轮增压柴油机TDI turbo-DI涡轮增压柴油机TFT thin film transistor 薄膜液晶管TUV Toyota universal vehicle 丰田多用途车T-VIS Toyota variable induction system丰田可变进气系统TWC three-way catalyst三元催化转换器TWD two-wheel drive两轮驱动UTCS urban traffic control system 城市公交管理系统VSC vehicle speed control 车辆速度控制vehicle stability control 车辆稳定控制装置VTSS vehicle theft security system 车辆防盗安全系统VIVT variable inlet-valve timing 可变进气门正时V-TCS viscous traction control system 粘性牵引力控制系统1 shielded(screened) conductor 屏蔽导线2 switch position 开关位置3 manual actuation 人工动作4 actuation by follower 随动装置作动5 thermal actuation 热传动6 general actuation 一般作动mechanical actuation 机械作动pneumatic actuation 气压作动hydraulic actuation 液压传动7 piston actuation 活塞作动8 actuation by rotation speed n 转速n作动9 actuation by pressure p 压力p作动10 actuation by quantity Q 流量Q作动11 actuation by time t 时间t作动12 actuation by temperature t°温度t作动13 not intrinsic variability and adjustability非固有可变性和可调性14 momentary switch 瞬时开关14a break contact 断点开关14b make contact 闭合触点15 detent switch 棘爪开关not automatic return 非自动返回16 change over switch 转接（换向）开关17 two-way switch 双向（位）开关18 switch with ganged make and break contacts联动通断开关double-make contact switch 双节点开关19 multiple-position switch 多位开关20 cam-operated switch 凸轮驱动开关NC contact=normally closed contact 常闭触点 contact-breaker points 接触断路器触点21 thermostatic switch, thermo-switch热敏(动)开关22 actuation with one winding 单绕组作动23 actuation with two winding双绕组作动24 electrothermal actuator of thermal relay热继电(动)器25 electromagnetic actuator 电磁作动器26 potentiometer 电位计27 heating resistor 热电阻器glow plug 电热塞flame plug 火焰塞heated window 电热窗28 permanent magnet 永磁铁29a general indicating instrument 普通指示仪表 29b voltmeter 电压表29c clock 时钟30a rotation-speed indicator 转速表30b temperature indicator 温度表30c linear-speed indication 线速度指示器31 shielded device有屏蔽装置32a ECU=electronic control unit 电子控制模块 32b electronic control regulator 电子调节器33socket 插座female contact 孔接触34 light 灯光headlamp 前照灯35 horn 喇叭fanfare horn 高音喇叭36 heated rear window defroster电热式后窗除霜器37 general switch 普通开关38 general switch with indicator lamp带指示灯普通开关39 pressure switch 压力开关40 general relay 普通继电器41 solenoid valve 电磁阀42 thermotime switch 热敏定时开关43 rotary actuator 旋转执行器44 pressure control valve 压力控制阀45 temperature switch 温度开关temperature sensor 温度传感器46 idle actuator 怠速执行器47 spark plug 火花塞48 ignition coil 点火线圈49 single-spark ignition coil 单火花点火线圈50 general ignition distribution普通点火分电器51 voltage regulator 电压调节器52 alternator with regulation带调节的交流发电机53 starter with solenoid带电磁开关的起动机54 electric fuel pump 电动燃油泵55 wiper motor 刮水器电动机56 car radio 汽车无线电57 car antenna 汽车天线58 speaker扬声器59 voltage stabilizer 稳压器60 inductive sensor 电感传感器61 turn–signal sensor转向信号闪光器62 plezoelectric sensor 压电传感器63 lumbda oxygen sensor 氧传感器，λ传感器64 air flow sensor 空气流量计65 air-mass meter 空气质星流星计66 flow-quantity sensor 流量传感器67 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器68 needle-movement sensor 针阀运动传感器EBD(Electric Brake force Distribution)-电子制动力分配ESP (Electronic Stability Program)--电子稳定程序Telligent Lane Assist (车道辅助系统)Telligent Proximity Control （动态速度控制系统）Telligent Stability Control (稳定控制系统)cab 商用汽车驾驶室cabin 驾驶室deflector 导流罩cab deflector shield 驾驶室导流板cab fairing 驾驶室整流罩cab floor 驾驶室地板cab mounting 驾驶室悬置cab air suspension 商用汽车驾驶室空气悬挂cab alongside engine （ CAE ）侧置驾驶室cab behind engine 长头驾驶室(CBE)cab heater 驾驶室加热器cab over engine 平头驾驶室(COE)产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world典雅大方elegant and graceful定型耐久 durable modeling方便顾客making things convenient for customers顾客第一 Customers first深受顾客欢迎We have won praise from customers; to win warm praise from customers.深受国内外客户的信赖和称誉to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.深受消费者的欢迎和好评to be highly praised and appreciated by the consuming public质量第一，用户至上quality first, consumers first采用先进技术和工艺to adopt advanced technology采用最新设备和工艺with the most up-to-date equipment and techniques操作简便easy and simple to handle维修简易easy to repair性能可靠 dependable performance性能可靠 reliable performance最新工艺 latest technology科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义12)
高考3500高频词汇讲解12 Avoid一，变形：avoids; avoiding; avoided;二，词义；vt. 避免(avoid doing sth)，消除e.g. The accident could have been avoided.e.g. The manager avoids humiliating others during cooperation.三，近义：1）evade vt. 逃避，躲避Fold一，变形：folds; folding; folded;二，词义；vt. 折叠，合拢e.g. He folded the map up and put it in his pocket..三，反义：unfold，unfold the veilManage一，变形：manages; managing; managed;二，词义；vt./vi 经营，管理，成功做成……1）经营vt.e.g. to manage a factory.e.g. We need people who are good at managing.2）管理vt.e.g. Don't tell me how to manage my affairs.3）成功做成……vt. ~ to do sth.e.g. I can manage to make it without their help.三，近义：1）administer，vt. 管理，治理；2）handle，vt. 处理；3）deal with，phr. 处理，对付；四，派生：management n. 管理Vary一，变形：varies; varying; varied;二，词义；vi. 改变；使多样化e.g. The menu varies with the season.三，近义：1）change，vt./vi. 改变，变更；2）convert，vt./vi. 转变，转化；(into)3）alter，vi. 轻微改变；(to)Part一，变形：parts（复数）;parts（三单）；parting；parted 二，词义；n. 部分e.g. We spent part of the time in the museum.vt./vi. 分开；分离e.g. I hate being parted from the children.三，近义：1）portion，n. 一部分；2）section，n. 部分；3）separate，vt. 分开；隔开(from)4）divide，vt. 隔开；分离(into)四，派生：partial，adj. 部分的Educate一，变形：educates；educating；educated二，词义；vt. 教育；培养；训练1）教育e.g. She was educated in the US.2）培养；训练e.g. Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking. 三，近义：1）teach，vt. 教，讲授；2）train，vt. 培训，训练；四，派生：1）education，n. 教育2）educator，n. 教育者divide一，变形：divides; dividing; divided;二，词义；vt./vi. 分；划分；分开e.g. The cells began to divide rapidly.e.g. A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.e.g. The cakes are divided into two parts.三，近义：1）separate，v. 分开，隔开；(from)2）part，v. 分开；分离四，派生：Risk一，变形：ricks（复数）; ricks（三单）；ricking；ricked二，词义；n. 冒险e.g. Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.vt. 冒……的危险~ doing sthe.g. She risked her own life to help a disabled woman.e.g. The ambitious boy risk establishing a company without others’ help.三，近义：1）venture，v. 冒风险；2）chance，v. 冒……的险；Prevent一，变形：prevents；preventing；prevented二，词义；vt. 防止；妨碍~ sb/sth (from doing sth)e.g. Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.三，近义：1）stop，v. 阻止；四，派生：prevention n. 阻止：Disable一，变形：disables；disabling；disabled二，词义；vt. 使……丧失能力e.g. He was disabled in a car accident.e.g. The disabled are financially independent with the government’s help.三，派生：disability 缺陷，障碍Seek一，变形：seeks; seeking; sought;二，词义；vt./vi. 寻找；探索e.g. They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.三，近义：1）search，v. 搜寻；2）hunt，v. 寻找，搜寻；Misunderstand一，变形：misunderstands；misunderstanding；misunderstood二，词义；vt./vi. 误解；误会e.g. I completely misunderstood her intentions.Observe一，变形：observes; observing；observed二，词义；v. 观察；遵守；庆祝；说、评论1）观察e.g. Have you observed any changes lately?2）遵守e.g. The crowd observed a minute's silence.3）庆祝e.g. Do they observe Christmas?4）说、评论e.g. She observed that it was getting late.三，近义：1）look，v. 看；2）see，v. 看见；看到3）watch，v. 注视；观看4）obey，v. 遵从；服从5）follow，v. 听从；遵循Match一，变形：matches（复数）; matches（三单）；matching；matched二，词义；n. 比赛，火柴1）比赛e.g. a football match2）火柴e.g. a box of matchesv. 和……相称；和……相配e.g. Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.三，近义：1）competition，n. 比赛；竞赛2）game，n. 比赛；Predict一，变形：predicts；predicting；predicted二，词义；vt. 预言；预测e.g. It is impossible to predict what will happen.三，近义：1）foretell，v. 预言（尤指用魔力预测）Fire一，变形：fires; firing; fired;二，词义；v. 开除；开枪1）开除vt.e.g. She got fired from her first job.2）开枪vt./ vi.e.g. The officer ordered his men to fire.四，派生：fire，火，火灾，fireman 消防员，Face一，变形：faces; facing; faced;二，词义；v. 面对；面临1）面对vt./ vi.e.g. She turned and faced him.2）面临vt.e.g. She's faced with a difficult decision.三，近义：confront..with四，拓展：face up to勇敢面对：Injure一，变形：injures; injuring; injured;二，词义；vt. 损害；伤害e.g. Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.三，近义：1）hurt，v. 弄伤；伤害；2）wound，v. 使受害；四，派生：injury, n.Occur一，变形：occurs; occurring; occurred;二，词义；vi. 发生；出现e.g.When exactly did the incident occur?三，近义：1）happen，v. 发生；2）take place，phr. v. 发生，举行；Exist一，变形：exists; existing; existed;二，词义；vi. 存在；生存1）生存(on sth)e.g.We existed on a diet of rice.2）存在e.g.The problem only exists in your head, Jane.四，派生：existence n. 存在。
2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义7)
高考3500高频词汇讲解71、climate n. 复数：climates1)气候the hot and humid climate of Cyprus塞浦路斯闷热潮湿的气候2)潮流；氛围；风气In the present economic climate more progress may be made than before.在目前的经济形势下，可能会取得比以往更大的进步。
同义词辨析：climate, weather 这两个名词都有"天气，气候"之意。
climate : 指某一地区常年的气候情况，包括气温、降雨量。
还可用作比喻。
weather : 指某地区具体的短时间内的天气，包括晴雨寒暖等情况。
2、personality n.复数：personalities1）人格；个性；性格She has such a kind, friendly personality.她性格亲切友善。
2）名人television personalities电视名人3）特色；特征；独特氛围There are many places which have strong personalities of their own in Sichuan.四川有很有鲜明特色的地方。
词根：personal adj.个人的；身体的；亲自的That's my personal opinion.这是我的个人意见。
3、fame n./vt.n. 复数：fames名声；名气；声誉；名誉fame as sth以某事物闻名He first found fame as a children's writer.他是以儿童作家开始出名的。
The film earned him international fame. sth. earn sb. fame 为某人赢得名誉这部电影为他赢得了国际声望。
同义词辨析：fame, reputation, glory 这些名词均有"名声，名誉"之意。
语法词汇讲义
专业英语四级考试语法词汇讲义第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点（一）“if”引导从句1、省略if倒装（1）had + 主语 + （not）done 与过去事实相反（2）should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反（3）were + 主语 + （not）to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if，将had、should、were提前，句子倒装。
2、含蓄虚拟，用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果没有3、错综（混合）虚拟，主从句时态不在一个时间段技巧：对号入座，主套主，从套从如：如果我是你（现在），我早把这书买了（过去）。
我要赶上那趟车（过去），现在就坐这上课了（现在）。
﹡（二）其他形式虚拟（单选常考到，非常重要）是过去时即与过去相反，是将来时即与将来相反。
从句后是现在时即与现在相反，had better （not）do 最好做…4、if only一般省略主句，用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中，am、is、are原形即be解题方法：找出标志词；找出动词原形：do（主动）、be done（被动）（1）用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式：主语 + 谓语v.（必认词）+ 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的主语从句公式：It is + adj. （必认词）+ that + 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired （desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式：主语 + 系词 + that + 主语（should） + do/be done同位从公式：n. + that + 主语（should）+ do + do/be done必认n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence， motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did（过去式）早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式：真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟，but +真实（一般考过去时）特点：真实——过去时或 must have done，对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done（三）情态v. + have done ，表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定，没有mustn't（表禁止…）could + have done 本能够，可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做，而未做（含责备）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了（含责备）needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了（无责备）need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing（形式主动，实际被动） = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词（一）不定式：to do / not to do1、形式（时态/语态）， vt.（vi.只有主动）基本形式：主动被动﹡一般式to do to be done﹡完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing ×完成进行式to have been doing ×注意：不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生，而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生，不定式的完成式不能作定语。
【第1天词汇篇上】极简英语公开课讲义
讲义使用说明：根据老师课上所讲内容，将讲义中横线上空白处单词词义补充完整，建议打印之后使用学习。
一、基础必备类例如：mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 妈妈book [bʊk] n.书籍building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj. 公共的economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济raise /reɪz/ v. 举起；；tissue /'tɪʃuː/ n. 纸巾；break /breɪk/ v. 打破，打断；n.settle ['set(ə)l] v. 解决；deliver [dɪ'lɪvə(r)] v. 送货；admit [əd‘mɪt] v. 承认；；二、. 拟声拟形类abortion /ə'bɔːʃ(ə)n/ n. 流产，堕胎anecdote /‘ænɪkdəʊt/ n. 奇闻轶事charger /'tʃɑːdʒə/ n.treasure /'treʒə/ n. 金银珠宝agony /‘ægənɪ/ n.（极度）痛苦bomb /bɒm/ n.boom /buːm/ n. 隆隆声；繁荣发展booming adj. 繁荣的yawn /jɔːn/ v. 打哈欠n. 哈欠alphabet /'ælfəbet/ n.Bball /bɔːl/ n.球balloon /bəˈluːn/ n.belly /'belɪ/ n.肚子，腹部belt [belt] n. 腰带；安全带bow /bəʊ/ n. 弓/baʊ/ v. 鞠躬rainbow /'reɪnbəʊ/ n. 彩虹bowl /bəʊl/n. 碗boil [bɔɪl] v. 煮沸，烧开boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ] adj. 煮沸的；很热的boiled [bɔɪld] adj. 煮熟的breast [brest] n.bread[bred] n.VV =“空”象形文字vase [veɪs] n. 花瓶van /væn/n. 厢式货车vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n.valley /ˈvæli/ n.volume /ˈvɑːljuːm/ n. 容量；音量vain /veɪn/ adj. 徒劳的，无用的vacant /'veɪk(ə)nt/ adj. 空着的vacancy ['veɪkənsi] n.vacation /və'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n.void /vɒɪd/ n. 空白avoid [ə'vɔɪd] v. 避免三、简单复合类girlfriend n. 女朋友boyfriend n. 男朋友policeman n. （男）警察fireman n.火警blackboard n. 黑板cupboard n.橱柜四、相关相仿类nice[naɪs] adj. 好的vice [vaɪs] n.mild [maɪld] adj. 温和的；轻微的；随和的wild [waɪld] adj.vote [vəʊt] v. 投票, 支持veto[‘vi:təʊ] v.accident['æksɪdənt] n. 事故incident[‘ɪnsɪdənt] n.womb [wu:m] n. 子宫tomb [tu:m] n.ear [ɪə(r)] n. 耳朵beard [bɪə(r)d] n.shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭（门闩）shuttle /‘ʃʌt(ə)l/v.text [tekst] n. 文本textile [ˈtekstaɪl] n.texture /'tekstʃə/ n. 质地，手感pan [pæn]n. 平底锅company['kʌmp(ə)ni] n.companion [kəm‘pænjən] n. 伴侣（人）accompany [ə‘kʌmp(ə)ni] v.spring /sprɪŋ/ n. 春天spread /spred/ v./n.spray /spreɪ/ v. 喷洒sprayer /'spreɚ/ n.sprout /spraʊt/ v. 发芽，长出叶子老师5年呕心沥血总结古人造词的逻辑依据：元辅音通假规律ride /raɪd/v. 骑马comrade/ˈkɑːmræd/n.share /ʃeə/ v. 分享；股票shore /ʃɔr/ n.clash[klæʃ] v./n. 冲突crash[kræʃ] n./v.lamp[læmp] n. 台灯lamb[læm] n.candle['kændl] n. 蜡烛kindle['kɪndl] v.homicide [‘hɑmɪ.saɪd] n. 杀人suicide ['suːɪsaɪd] n.road [rəʊd] n.路route [ru:t] n.routine /ruː'tiːn/ n.round /raʊnd/ adj. 圆的rotate /rə(ʊ)'teɪt/ v. rotary /'rəʊt(ə)rɪ/adj.snake /sneik/ n. 蛇sneak /sniːk/ v. sneaker /'sniːkə/ n.。
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counter- 相反的 逆时针方向，
如：counter-clockwise
sub- 在…下，次于，子 subsystem 子系统
如:subway 地铁, subclass 子类
一、派生词(derivation)
2．后缀
后缀是在单词后部加上构词结构，形成新的单词。
如:
-scope 探测仪器
-meter 计量仪器
例如：
multi, poly 相当于many polytechnic各种工艺的
如: multimedia多媒体,
semi, hemi 相当于half hemicycle半圆形
如: semiconductor半导体,
hyper, super 相当于over 如: hypertext超文本, supercomputer超级计算机
multi-user
multi-task
multiprocessor 多处理器
hyper-
超级
hypercube 超立方
hyperlink 超级链接
hypertext 超文本
hyper-threading
Super
超级
superman
supermarket
inter- 相互、在...间
international 国际的
microscope显微镜
barometer 气压表
telescope 望远镜
telemeter 测距仪
spectroscope 分光镜 spectrometer 分光仪
-able可能的
-ware 件(部件)
enable 允许、使能
hardware 硬件
disable 禁止、不能
software 软件
When the recorder is operated in the record mode, previous recording is automatically erased.
2、计算机英语专业词汇的构成
专业词汇的构成
派生词 (derivation)
复合词 (compounding)
混成词 (blending)
二、复合词(compounding)
复合词是科技英语中另一大类词汇，其组成面广，通常分为复合名词、复合形容词、
复合动词等。复合词通常以小横杠“-”连接单词构成，或者采用短语构成。有的复
合词进一步发展，去掉了小横杠,并经过缩略成为另一类词类，即混成词。
programmable 可编程的 firmware 固件
portable 便携的
groupware 组件
scalable 可缩放的
freeware 赠件
-graph 记录仪器 tomography X线体层照相 telegraph 电报 spectrograph 分光摄像仪 -ity 性质 reliability 可靠性 availability 可用性 accountability 可核查性 integrity 完整性 confidentiality 保密性
conductor 日常生活中指售票员、乐队指挥，电学 中指导体
register 在计算机中表示寄存器；电学中表示计 数数器；乐器中表示音区；日常生活中则表示登 记簿、名册、挂号信等。
• 特用词（big words）
在日常生活中，为使语言生动活泼，常使用一些短 小的词或词组。而在专业英语中，表达同样的意义 时，为了准确、正式、严谨和不引起歧义，往往选 用一些较长的特用词。
日常英语中常见以下例子：
Then the light is turned on. 而在专业英语中，却被表示成：
The circuit is then completed.
看下面三个句子，指出turn on 的不同含意。
① The trip turns on whether it will be fine tomorrow.
② The dog turned on to me and bit me in on the fire.
类似的，可用下面的单词来代替多义词：
go down (depress)
turn upside down (invert)
keep (maintain)
缩略词 (shortening)
借用词
前缀
后缀
压缩和省略
缩写
一、派生词(derivation)
1．前缀
采用前缀构成的单词在计算机专业英语中占了很大比例，通过下面的实 例可以了解这些常用的前缀构成的单词。
词缀
词缀含义
例词
multi-
多
multiprogramming 多道程序
multimedia 多媒体
专业英语词汇学习
1、分类 2、构词法 3、专用术语与词组 4、记忆技巧 5、练习
1、分类
• 技术词汇（technical words）
这类词的词义狭窄、单一，应用范围一般只
限于各自的专业领域，专业性很强。这类词 在文中出现的频率不高，其字母拼写一般较 长，并且拼写越长其词义往往越狭窄。如：
bandwidth 带宽
at once (immediately)
use up (consume)
find out (determine)
• 功能词
主要包括介词、连词、冠词、代词等。功能词为句 子中各部分提供了十分重要的结构信号，这对于 理解句子的内容十分重要。在专业英语中，出现 频率最高的10个词都是功能词，其顺序为：a、 the、of、in、and、to、is、for、are、be。例 如：下句共14个单词，功能词就占了6个。
binary 二进制
decimal 十进制
octonary 八进制
hexadecimal 十六进制的 flip-flop 触发器
• 次技术词汇（sub-technical words）
指不受专业的限制，在各专业中出现频率都很高
的词。这类词在不同的专业领域中具有不同的含 义，只有结合上下文才能掌握其确切的含义。如:
micro-
微小的
tele-
远程的
interface接口、界面 interlace 隔行扫描
microprocessor 微处理器 microkernel 微内核 microwave 微波 telegram 电报 telephone 电话 telecontroller 遥控
单词前缀还有很多，其构成可以同义而不同源(如拉丁、希 腊)，可以互换。