国际贸易实务双语教程(第4版)chapter3
《国际贸易务(双语)》三习题库
《国际贸易实务（双语）》三习题库第一章国际贸易简介Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to International Trade预习题1. What is international trade?2. Why do nations trade?练习题3. What are the differences between international trade and domestic trade?4. P17-20 专业术语、课后练习复习题5. What are the characteristics of international trade？6. What are the forms of international trade？7. Useful certificates for your future job-hunting.第二章进出口交易的一般程序General Procedure of International Trade一、国际贸易的基本流程Basic procedure of international trade预习题：1. Suppose you are an exporter, what will you do before you enter into a business with a trade partner?2.我国某出口公司与香港C公司签订了一笔总值25万美元销售猪肉的合同,FOB青岛,目的港韩国釜山,付款方式为D/A远期120天办理托收。
该出口公司按规定的装运期限装运货物后,通过中国银行办理托收手续。
中国银行委托香港南洋商业银行为代收行向香港C公司收款。
单据到香港后,C公司即承兑赎单,又以原提单向韩国收货人收取了货款。
香港南洋商业银行在汇票到期时向C公司催促付款,但此时该公司已宣告破产。
经查核C公司在当地注册资本仅15万港元,其财产远远不够抵偿该公司的欠款。
国际贸易理论与实务英文版第四版Ch3Neoclassicaltradetheory
At point E’ Country II gains X’1X’2 more of good X and Y’1Y’2 more of product Y.
Y
CIC2
CIC3
·T CIC1 · ·E
A·
B
PW
·PW
0
X
Figure 3-5 Two parts of gains from trade: gains from consumption and gains from specialization
0
X′1
x
Figure 3-3(b) The equilibrium point in autarky for Country II is at point A′ when PX/PY =PA’
3. General equilibrium and gains after the introduction of international trade
It shows the country’s willingness to trade at various possible terms of trade.
A combination of the demand for imports and the supply of exports.
CHAPTER 3 NEOCLASSICAL TRADE THEORY
Gains from Trade in Neoclassical Trade Theory
Reciprocal Demand Theory Factor Endowment Theory The Leontief Paradox
As (PX/PY)I<(PX/PY)II, Country I has a comparative advantage in good X while Country II has a comparative advantage in good Y.
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 3
Answer the following questions.
1 How many parties are usually involved in international payment?
2 What are the tools used in international payment?
Chapter Three Part A English Tex
Chapter Three Part A English Tex
Payment Instruments
2. Types of Draft According to different criterion, draft is classified into the following types. (1) Clean Bill and Documentary Bill A clean bill refers to draft without any shipment documents. A documentary bill is the draft with commercial documents, especially with the cargo transportation documents. (2) Banker’s Draft and Commercial Draft Banker’s draft means both the drawer and drawee are banks. The draft is issued by a bank. The draft will be sent to the payee for payment by remitter. Then the payee can exchange the money received from the payer (the bank). Banker’s draft is normally clean bill.
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第四版)(PPT)ppt
Why trade with other nations?
Advantages
International trade leads to more efficient and increased world production, thus allowing countries (and individuals) to consume a larger and more diverse bundle of goods.
Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
A nation possessing limited natural resources is able to produce and consume more than it otherwise could.
the establishment of international trade expands the number of potential markets in which a country can sell its goods.
Because the balance of payments is one reflection of a nation's financial stability in the world market, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) uses these accounts to make decisions such as qualifying a country for a loan. The IMF also provides the information to its members so that they can make informed decisions about investments and trade.
国际贸易实务第四版
C企业
购买商品 (价格150)
支付进项税额 25.5元
▪ 二、出口退税的计算 ▪ 1.应退增值税的计算 ▪ 需要说明的是：不同企业（生产企业和纯外
贸企业）在不同情况下应退增值税是不同的。 我们在此只讲解外贸企业最常见的应退增值 税的计算。 ▪ 公式:应退税额＝销售金额×适用退税率 ▪ 销售金额是不含增值税的人民币净价。
若有保值
应付全部瑞士法郎为10000，折合为法
条款
国法郎为12500,相当于人民币50000元。
第五节 佣金与折扣的运用
❖ 一、佣金（COMMISSION） ❖ ㈠含义 ❖ 因中间商介绍生意或代买代卖而需收取的一
定的酬金 ❖ ㈡种类 ❖ 1.明佣 ❖ 指在出口销货发票上明确注明价格条件中规
定的佣金。采取明佣时,外贸企业根据扣除佣 金后的销货净额收取货款，不再另付佣金。
2.CFR价=CIF价×（1-保险加成×保险费率）
第三节 作价办法
▪ 一、固定价格
▪ 我国进出口合同，绝大部分都是在双方协 商一致的基础上，明确地规定具体价格， 这也是国际上常见的做法。
▪ 按照各国法律的规定，合同价格一经确定， 就必须严格执行，任何一方都不得擅自更 改，在合同中规定固定价格是一种常规做 法。
❖ 3.累计佣金（补充） ❖ 是指外贸企业同国外包销、代销客商订立协
议，在一定时期内按其销售成绩支付的佣金。
㈢规定方法
❖ 1.文字说明 ❖ Ex: “USD200 Per M/T CIF San Francisco
including 2% commission”
❖ 2.术语表示 ❖ Ex: “USD200 Per M/T CIFC2 San
国际贸易实务(英文版)(第四版) 3.Export Price (4th ed)
• Payment terms
SEIB OF GDUFS 4
3.2 Pricing considerations
• Anticipated profit margin
– in an absolute number – in a percentage → profit margin
• Capability of target market
Chapter 3
Export Price
Learning objectives
• After learning this chapter you will be able to:
– state the standard form of a price quoted in international trade – identify the major factors in pricing decision – calculate basic prices – understand the function and calculation of commission and discount – explain the ratios used to interpret profitability – define the four stages of price communication
– The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment.
国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
KeyChapter1I. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarilyfor financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitme nt and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11 经济复苏；恢复2 潜在销售量12 经济衰退3 加价，涨价13 间接投资4 国内市场14 有形货物5 制成品15 有形进出口6 边际利润16 收入及支出；岁入及岁出7 市场占有率17 超额能力8 贸易歧视18 贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9 时机选择19 全部包建的工程承包方式10 经销周期20 许可证协定IV Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growt h. However oversimplified this metaphormay be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs.Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s imp ort needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.I. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets;9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII.Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economicallyself-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar. Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japanhas been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any othertype of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。
国际贸易实务(第4版)国际贸易实务(第三版)——思考与练习答案全
第一章思考与练习 12页一、名词解释国际贸易又称世界贸易，是指世界各国、各地区之间所进行的商品交换活动。
国际贸易实务是指国际间商品交换或买卖的作业活动，包括进口和出口。
EDI（electronic data interchange）即“电子数据交换”，俗称无纸贸易，是指按照协议，对具有一定结构性的标准经济信息，经过电子数据通讯网络，在商业贸易伙伴的电子计算机系统之间进行交换和自动处理。
电子商务（Electronic Commerce/Electronic Business）狭义的电子商务是指在因特网（Internet）或EDI专线网的环境下，实现网上购物、网上交易和在线电子支付的一种新型的商业运营模式。
国际货物买卖合同指不同国家（地区）的买卖双方之间达成的将有形动产通过关境交易的共同意思表示。
国际贸易惯例是指在国际贸易长期实践中形成的、为国际社会所普遍接受的通行做法和解释。
二、思考题1、国际贸易实务的构成？国际贸易实务主要由合同要素（业务内容）、签约与履约活动（业务程序）两部分构成，包括三个方面的技能：（1）对交易条件的把握。
即对国际货物买卖条件的把握与运用，包括品质、数量、包装、价格、交货、运输、保险、支付、检验等合同要素。
（2）获取全盘的操作技法。
即指整个贸易过程的操作方法，包括调研、交易洽商、签约、履约等技术技能与方法。
（3）培养处理纠纷的能力。
该能力蕴涵于前两项之中，包括洽商和签约过程中对贸易规则及相关法律约束的把握和履约时对贸易纠纷及索赔的恰当处理。
2．国际货物买卖合同的构成？从法律角度可以把国际货物买卖合同的基本内容分成以下三个部分：（1）效力部分，即合同的开头和结尾，规定了合同的效力范围和有效条件。
（2）权利与义务部分，也称为主体部分或本文部分，规定了交易内容和买卖双方的权利与义务。
（3）索赔与争议解决部分。
3．进出口业务的基本工作程序？进出口业务程序大体可分为交易前准备、磋商和签订合同以及履行合同三个阶段。
《国际贸易实务》(354页双语)
Quality
The laws are applicable to international sales contracts
◆International Trade Practice
☆International Rules for the Interpretation
of Trade Terms《国际贸易术语解释通则》
Packing mark
• Packing mark includes shipping mark, indicative mark and dangerous cargo mark
• Shipping mark can be chosen by us, or by the customer.
Packing charges
国际贸易实务（双语）
(International Trade Practice In Chinese and English)
References
• 《进出口贸易实务教程》 吴百福主编 上海人民出版社 2002版
• 《国际贸易实务》，程怀儒主编，人民教育出版社。 • 《国际贸易双解词典—全球贸易手册》爱德华.G.辛克尔
Quality
Stipulate the flexible range
Use various kinds of expression methods properly
国际贸易实务双语教程第四版 傅龙海
国际贸易实务双语教程第四版傅龙海1.国际贸易是各国开展经济合作的重要方式。
International trade is an important way for countries to engage in economic cooperation.2.通过国际贸易，各国可以互通有无，实现互利共赢。
Through international trade, countries can exchange resources and achieve mutual benefits.3.国际贸易有助于促进世界经济的繁荣发展。
International trade helps promote the prosperity and development of the world economy.4.了解国际贸易的基本知识对于经济学习者来说非常重要。
Understanding the basics of international trade is crucial for students of economics.5.国际贸易实务涉及到很多复杂的问题和程序。
International trade practice involves many complex issues and procedures.6.进出口业务需要遵守国际贸易法规和惯例。
Import and export business require compliance with international trade regulations and practices.7.知识产权在国际贸易中具有重要的保护作用。
Intellectual property rights play an important protective role in international trade.8.贸易摩擦可能影响国际贸易的正常进行。
Trade frictions may affect the normal conduct of international trade.9.国际贸易需要通过谈判和协商来解决分歧。
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NAME OF COMMODITY
Generally, this clause is relatively simple, we always list the names that in the offer or counter-offer under the article of Name of Commodity.
PACKING MARK
Packing mark includes shipping mark, indicative mark and dangerous cargo mark
Shipping mark can be chosen by us, or by the customer.
PACKING CHARGES
Insurance: different price terms, different person to fix insurance.
STIPULATE THE FLEXIBLE RANGE
In quality terms, add the clause such as “QUANLITY TO BE CONSIDERED AND BEING ABOUT EQUAL TO THE SAMPLE.”
SPECIFICATION OF PACKING
Involve such respects as every package putting, the piece and expenses packed, etc., should confirm according to the actual conditions.
2. Main parts of contract Preamble Body Witness clause
Various Formats of Contract In Written
Contract Confirmation Agreement Memorandum Letter of Intent Order
QUALITY
Quality
Stipulate the flexible range
Use various kinds of expression methods properly
Formulate the clause according to actual ability
QUANTITY
The quantity clause mainly includes the quantity and unit of commodity.
Pay attention to the science and rationality. Avoid too high or too low. Pay attention to the inner link and relation between every quality index.
The prevention and handling of dispute
The prerequisites（前提） required for a contract to be recognized and enforced
(1) A Valid Offer and a Proper Acceptance (2) Sufficiency of Consideration（对价） (3) Absence of Fraud, Force, or Legal Loopholes (4) Legal Capacity (5) Consistency with General Public
Section 2: Formation and main contents of contact
1. Formation of contact (1) Written contract (2) Oral form (3) Other forms
CISG Article 11: A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form.
中文
Body
Name of commodity
Quality Quantity Part and insurance The time limit and place
of performance The prevention and handling of dispute
A contract proper includes: 1)the full name and address of the buyer and the seller; 2) the commodities involved; 3)all the terms and conditions agreed upon; 4)indication of the number of original copies of the contract, the language used, the term of validity and possible extension of the contract.
FORCE MAJEURE
After the contract is signed, it is not fault or carelessness of contracting parties, but because of the accident that can't be predicted, can't be prevented and avoided, so that the parties can't fulfill or can't fulfill the contract as scheduled, so the party that had the accident, can avoid the responsibility of fulfilling contract according to the stipulations of the contract or the law, or postpone fulfilling the contract.
Inspection Force majeure Arbitration
INSPECTION
The third party provides the inspection certificate.
At present in our country, examine in the export country, re-inspects in import country.
(Please log into: http://222.200.98.43/trade)
THE LAWS ARE APPLICABLE TO INTERNATIONAL SALES CONTRACTS
◆International Trade Practice ☆International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms《国际贸易术语解释通则》 ☆Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit《跟单信用证统一惯例》
Section One Definition of the Contract
A contract is an agreement between two or more competent parties in which an offer is made and accepted, and each party benefits.
Modification or Termination of Contract
CISG Article 29: (1) A contract may be modified or terminated by the
mere agreement of the parties.
(2) A contract in writing which contains
Chapter 3 Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
1. Establishment time of contract Two standards for judgment:
2. The essential conditions of a contract come into effective: 1, contracting parties should have signing ability 2, the content of the contract should be legal 3, the contract should conform to legal formarity 4, contracting parties' meaning expresses should be true
Generally including in the price of goods Or not including in the price of goods, paid by
buyer.
PRICE
Unit price and the total amount of payment are extremely important in a contract.
PAYMENT
This clause mainly includes： The means of payment Time and place of payment and so on