经贸翻译(数字)
商务英语翻译 第9章 商务缩略语的翻译
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1． E-mail(电子邮件)—Electronic mail
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2． P.O. Box (邮政信箱) —Post Office Box
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3. G.A. clause(共同海损条约)—General Average Clause
• 4. 取合成词的前部，如：
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1. mobile (移动电话)—mobile phone
一 翻译示例
• 21. S. B. (Saving Bank) 储蓄银行 • 22. W/M (Weight or Measurement) 重量或体积 • 23. W. P. A. ( With Particular Average) 水滞险 • 24. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 • 25. SDR (Special Drawing Rights) 特别提款权
?虽然华盛顿目前避免对此议题表态但美国最后是希望亚太经合组织成为一个将太平洋边缘国家团结在一起的机制有如北美自由贸易区一般的大家庭第二节翻译技巧?三三
第九章
商务缩略语的翻译
一 翻译示例
• 1.B/L (Bill of Lading) 提单 • 2.BD（Bank Draft）银行汇票 • 3.L/C（Letter of Credit）信用证 • 4.FOB (Free on Board) 离岸价 • 5.R. M. (Ready Money) 备用金 • 6.BE（Bill of Exchange）汇票 • 7.R. P. (Reply Paid) 回电费已附 • 8.SA (Shipping Advice) 装船通知 • 9.G. A. (General Average) 共同海损 • 10. WWT( World Wide Trading) 环球贸易
经贸常用缩写词汇AB
AA.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号A/C = Account 账号AC. = Acceptance 承兑acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条「/color 」a/d = after date 出票后限期付款（票据）ad.advt. = advertisement 广告adv. = advice 通知（书）ad val. = Ad valorem（according to value）从价税A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单Agt. = Agent 代理商AI = first class 一级AM = Amendment 修改书A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇Amt. = Amount 额,金额A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知A.P. = account payable 应付账款A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费A.R. = Account Receivable 应收款Art. = Article 条款,项A/S = account sales 销货清单a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的att,.attn. = attention 注意av.,a/v = average 平均,海损a/v = a vista （at sight）见票即付BB/-,b/- = bale,bag 包,装bal.,balce. = balance 余额bbl. = barrel 桶,樽B/C = bill for collection 托收票据B.D. = Bills discounted 贴现票据B/D = bank draft 银行汇票b/d = brought down 承前页B'dle,bdl = bundle 束,把B/E = bill of exchange 汇票B/F = brought forward 承前页bg = bag 袋BIS = Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行BK = Bank 银行Bkg. = Banking 银行业务B/L = Bill of Lading 提单B/N = bank note 银行纸币B.O. = Branch Office 分支行b/o = brought over 承前bot. = bottle 瓶B/P = bill purchased 买入票据,出口押汇B/P = bills payable 应付票据B/R = bills receivable 应收票据Brl.,barl. = barrel 桶,樽bx = box 箱,盒。
经贸契约中日期金额和数字的翻译
・经贸翻译・经贸契约中日期、金额和数字的翻译Ξ夏康明(乐山师范学院英语系 乐山市 614004)摘 要 作者以大量经贸契约条款为例并根据多年从事经贸契约翻译的经验,较为全面和详细地分析和阐述了经贸契约中日期、金额和数字的常见用法和译法。
这不仅对正确翻译契约中的日期、金额和数字有帮助,而且对正确理解和翻译经贸契约也是大有裨益的。
关键词 契约 日期 金额 数字 翻译Abstract The author has given an extensive and in-depth analysis and expatiation upon the common usage and translation of the dates,amount and numbers(figures)in the economic and trade contracts by making use of nu2 merous examples of such contract clauses and the ex perience of the writer’s long engagement in such transla2tion.This will not only be conducive to the correct translation of the dates,amount and numbers(figures)in the economic and trade contracts but also im prove the understanding and translation of business contracts as a whole.K ey w ords contracts dates amount numbers translation 无论是在经贸契约的汉译英或英译汉中,准确翻译其条款中日期、金额和数字都很重要,稍有不慎,便可能酿成大错。
390种经贸英语词汇翻译
34.Export /import license进出口许可证
35.Special customs invoice 美国海关发票
36.Canada customs invoice 加拿大海关发票
bined certificate of value and origin 澳大利亚海关发票
60.Delivery order 提货单
61.Equipment intechange receipt 设备交接单
62.Manifest载货清单/舱单
63.Cargo receipt 承载货物收据
64.Sea way bill海运单
65.Master air way bill航空主运单
85.Export declaration 出口申报单
86.Stores list 物料单
87.Railway consignment note 铁路托运单
88.Cargo declaration 货物申请表
89.Railway advice铁路货运通知单
90.consignment note 运单
74. Export drawback出口退税单
75.Bank statement/note/receipt 银行水单
76.Electronic bill of lading电子提单
77.Letter of indemnity保函
78.Original bill of lading正本提单
91.Bill of health 健康证书
92.Straight B/L 记名提单
93.Order B/L 指示提单
94.On-board B/L 已装船提单
谈商务英语中数字的翻译
last year.
The grain output of this year is tw ice more than that of last year. 此外 ,还要注意翻番的译法 2004年中国的人均收入比 1994年翻了两番 。
一 ,这主要是由两个原因造成的 : ①数字在英汉中的表达习惯不
同 ; ②数字在英国英语和美国英语中的表达也存在着差异 。高职
商务英语专业的学生要做到准确无误的直译 ,首先就必须了解数
字在英汉这两种语言中的表达习惯的不同以及数字在英国英语
和美国英语中表达的差异 ;其次 ,要熟练掌握约数和数字范围的
翻译 ;再次 ,要熟练掌握对数字的总数 、升降表达以及数字的倍数
翻译 。
1 数字在英汉这两种语言中的表达习惯的不同以及英国英
语和美国英语对数字表达的差异
汉语中数字的基本单位是 :十 、百 、千 、万 、十万 、百万 、千万 、
亿 、十亿 、百亿 、千亿 、万亿 ;美国英语中数字的基本单位是 :十 、百
( hundred) 、千 ( thousand) 、百万 (m illion) 、十亿 ( billion) 、万亿 /兆
thousand”和“a /one hundred thousand”。汉语中的“百万 ”则在英
语中有相应的基数词“a /one m illion ”,千万则是“ ten m illion”。
汉语中的“十亿 ”在英国英语中为“a /one thousand m illion”,而在
美国英语中为“a /one billion”,“百亿 ”、“千亿 ”的表达方法依次
经贸英语如何翻译
经贸英语如何翻译经贸一看就是个合在一起的词，用英语翻译的时候，把这两者的单词合在一起便可以了。
下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语如何翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语如何翻译economy and trade英 [iˈkɔnəmi ænd treid] 美 [ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd treid]经贸的英语例句1. All these have helped further development of Sino - US economic and trade ties.这些都有利于中美经贸关系的进一步发展.2. An international economic and trade exhibition will be held in Beijing.在北京将举行一次国际经贸展览会.3. Looking to the future, China has confidence in the development of Sino - US economic and trade co - operation.放眼未来, 中国对中美经贸合作的发展抱有信心.4. The Company international business, foreign labor service, economic and technology cooperation.公司从事贸易、对外劳务服务及经贸合作.5. At the same time, Venezuela and Cuba maintain close and trade relations.同时, 委内瑞拉同古巴保持密切的经贸关系.6. Economic and trade cooperation is another focus of our collaboration.开展经贸合作是我们合作的重要内容.7. Our close economic relationship with the Mainland dates back many years ago.香港与内地紧密的经贸关系,在很多年前就已经建立.8. They also regularly organise events to promote Hong Kong's image overseas.经贸处也定期举办活动,提高香港在海外的形象.9. High level international workshops and economic, technological, cultural and academic exchanges.将举办高层次的国际会议和经贸、科技、文化、学术交流等活动.10. Multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations kept developing.多双边经贸关系继续发展.11. This will seriously test China - U.S. economic and trade relations.这将严重考验中美两国的经贸关系.12. They also organise events to promote Hong Kong's image.经贸办事处又定期举办活动,提高香港的形象.13. The annual Urumqi Economy & Trade Fair attracted many domestic and foreign traders.已同 100 多个国家和地区建立了经贸关系.14. Mutually Beneficial and Win - win Sino - African Economic and Trade Cooperation.互利共赢的中非经贸合作.15. Agriculture cooperation is an important part of the African trade cooperation.农业合作是中非经贸合作的重要组成部分.economy and trade的双语例句1. China's development has boosted the growth of global economy and trade.中国发展有力促进了世界经济和贸易增长.2. Technical trade barrier will have double impacts oneconomy and trade.技术性贸易壁垒对经济和贸易具有双重影响.3. Intellectual property has become a bridge linking technology, economy and trade.知识产权已成为连接技术、经济和贸易的纽带.4. English Business Correspondence is the core curriculum of International Economy and Trade major.《外贸英语函电》是国际经济与贸易专业的核心课程.5. Countries and regions are mutually complementary with each other in their economy and trade.各国和地区在经济和贸易上互相补充.6. The graduating student of 2009 studying in International Economy and Trade Major of Daqing Petroleum Institute.大庆石油学院国际经济与贸易专业09年应届毕业生.7. Shanghai is China's center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture.上海是中国经济, 金融, 贸易, 科技, 信息,文化的中心.8. Theexchange rate of RMB an important role in our country's economy and international trade. "人民币汇率的变动对国内经济及对外贸易活动都有着重大的影响.9. Credit is the basis of trade in an economy, and it is also a social capital.信用是保证社会经济交易顺利实现的基础.信用是一种社会资本.10. Shipping industry is the basic industry of the national economy and international trade.航运业是国民经济和国际贸易的基础行业.11. She wants to create cap - and - trade mechanisms within industries rather than across the economy as a whole.她希望在企业内部建立配额交易机制而非整个经济体.12. Second, the article of trade friction on the Chineseeconomy and foreign trade development.其次, 文章分析了贸易摩擦对中国经济和外贸发展的影响.13. Network economy and exceed limit analysis, division of labor and specialization, trade charge is relevant couplet.网络经济与超边际分析、分工与专业化、交易费用相关联.14. With the development of world economy and multinational trade, the need for Business English is growing.随着世界经济和跨国贸易的发展, 社会对商务英语的需求也日益增长.15. That the Chinese economy and Sino - US bilateral and trade relations are very negative development.这对中国经济以及中美双边经贸关系的发展都十分不利.。
经贸英语怎么翻译
经贸英语怎么翻译把经贸分开来讲就是经济与贸易，英语翻译也是如此。
下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语怎么翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语怎么翻译economy and trade经贸的英语例句除了与墨西哥的经贸合作，我们正在共同努力以确保尽快的识别并制止威胁，甚至在威胁到达北美之前。
With Mexico, in addition to trade cooperation, we are working together to identify and interdictthreats at the earliest opportunity, even before they reach North America.论坛期间，中美省州长们将举行对口会见，双方还将签署涉及经贸、教育、科技等领域的多个合作协议。
During the forum, governors from both countries will hold meetings and sign several cooperationdocuments in trade, education, science and technology and other fields.你和你的同事为贵国的外贸体制的改革提出了“宏观经贸”这个重要的新概念。
You and your colleagues proposed the significant new concept of “macroeconomics and trade”for reform in your foreign trade system.中方重视同巴西的经贸合作，一贯主张通过对话与合作，寻求互利共赢解决分歧的办法。
China values its economic cooperation and trade with Brazil and pursues a mutually beneficialresolution of disputes through dialogue and cooperation.胡锦涛在官方中央电视台上表示，中国应扩大与朝鲜的经贸合作。
常见商务上英语数字的翻译
常见商务上英语数字的翻译英语中的有些数词在汉译时可以等值翻译。
但是，也有不少数词在汉译中不能等值翻译，或者完全不译出来。
这种翻译处理方法是为了使汉译句子能符合汉语的表达习惯。
以下分别举例说明。
（1）等值翻译：a drop in the ocean沧海一粟within a stone’s throw一箭之遥ki11 two birds with one stone一箭双雕A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.．吃一堑，长一智。
（2）不等值翻译：at sixes and sevens乱七八糟／on second thoughts再三考虑／by ones and twos两两地，零零落落地范例1：Can you e down a little? --Sorry, it’s one price for all. （你能廉价一点卖吗？对不起，不二价. ）范例2：He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine。
（他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。
）范例3：Two heads are better than one.（三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
）（3）不必译出范句1：One man’s meat is another man’s poison.（人各有所好)。
范句2：I’ll love you three score and ten.（我会一辈子爱你的。
）范句3：Ten to one he has forgotten it．（很可能他已经忘了。
）范句4：His mark in math is second to none in the class. （他的数学分数在班上是名列前茅的。
）范句5：She is a second Lei Feng。
（她是雷锋式的人物。
）范句6：I always believe my sixth sense。
数字一到十怎么用英文翻译
数字一到十怎么用英文翻译数字一到十怎么用英文翻译大家都会从数字一数到十，但就不一定会知道怎么用英文来翻译它们了。
以下是店铺为大家整理了数字一到十的具体英文翻译形式，一起来看看吧!数字一到十的英文翻译1 one2 two3 three4 four5 five6 six7 seven8 eight9 nine10 ten数字10的英文翻译：ten英 [ten] 美 [tn]情景对话结婚纪念日A：Happy anniversary! It’s our tenth anniversary.结婚纪念日快乐。
这是我们结婚10周年。
B：Thanks for ten wonderful years.谢谢你给了我美好的`10年。
保险A：Here. Take these pills (three times/ twice/ ten times) every (day/ an hour/ thirty minutes).这个，这种药每(天/小时/半小时)服用(3次/两次/10次)。
B：Does my insurance cover them?是由保险金支付吗?找工作B：What kind of work-related experience do you have?你有何工作经验?A：Well, I worked for (two years/ six months/ ten years) as manager at my previous company.哦，我在以前的公司做了(两年/六个月/十年)的经理。
数字6的英文翻译：six英 [sks] 美 [sks]1. And premiums from the new business climbed 70 percent in the first six months, hitting 33 million by the end of June.2. There will be six language courses available, ranging from CEO business level to creative writing for English learners.3. Six are former officials at local sports lottery administrative centres, while the others were a private business man and his five partners.4. Although Six Sigma started off as a QA system, it has now grown into a complete business management programme.5. He was placed on inactive Guard duty six months before his commitment ended at his request because he was starting Harvard Business School.6. Statistics from the bureau show that a new business can provide an average of six jobs.7. " We plan to open three to six stores in China per year, " Chen tells China Business Weekly at a Tiffany promotion in Beijing.8. After an investigation lasting more than six months, police finally busted the gang on May 21 last year.9. Police and animal protection volunteers rescued six dogs from the clutches of an unlicensed butcher in Mentougou districtlast Friday.10. Butler's contract was terminated following his suspension for six months for claiming that two players brought female guests to their hotel rooms after a curfew.数字5的英文翻译：five英 [fav] 美 [fav]1. Britain wonfivegold medals.英国夺取了五块金牌。
经贸英语翻译
Dec.4.1988
Dear Sirs:
In reply to your inquiry concerning our terms of payment ,we’ d like to inform you as follows:
Our conditions are 3 % discount on check payment ,or net price within ten days.
此句中，者的解 释说明。A combination of all these activities 译成“一切活动的组 合”，不符合经贸文献的表达规范。
【改译】商务是指生成、配送、销售并创造利润的所有关联活动。
例3：The credit which evidences shipment of 2000 tons of steels may be used against presentation of the shipping documents.
要实现可持续发展，必须优先考虑节约资源和保护环境
3. Theoretically, the benefits of free trade are widely accepted by all countries in the world. In practice, however, every country takes tariff or non-tariff measures to protect domestic industries with comparative disadvantages.
【原译】普通货船：一种设计用来或单独或联合或平行地装载 诸如包裹、纸板箱、箱子、板条箱和圆桶等散装货物的货船。
此名称应为“杂货船”，原文列举的袋子、纸箱、箱子、半条 线、桶等都是杂货（break bulk）的包装物，这些包装货可单 独（individually）装载，也可成组（unitized）装载，或者托 盘化（palletized）装载。
翻译话题词汇：社会发展类
翻译话题词汇：社会发展类一、课堂词汇全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress (NPC)中国人民政治协商会议 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 政府工作报告 Report on the Work of the Government1. 中国外交奉行独立自主的和平外交政策 pursue independent foreign policy of peace坚持走和平发展道路 adhere to the path of peaceful development维护世界和平 maintain world peace促进共同发展 promote common development和平共处五项原则 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence对外开放（政策） (the policy of) opening to the outside world中国特色大国外交 great-power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics 和平 peace发展 development合作 cooperation共赢 mutual benefit构建人类命运共同体 build a community with a shared future for humanity全球治理体系变革 reform in the global governance system公正、合理的国际秩序 a fair and reasonable international order主动参与国际组织事务 actively get involved in international organization affairs反恐 anti-terrorism / counterterrorism重大自然灾害 major natural disasters环保 environmental conservation多边外交 multilateral diplomacy联合国系列峰会 a series of United Nations summits巴黎气候变化大会 Paris Climate Change Conference达沃斯世界经济论坛年会 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos 东亚合作领导人系列会议 a series of Leaders’ Meetings on East Asia Cooperation 主场外交 home diplomacy一带一路国际合作高峰论坛 the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议 the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders’ Meeting二十国集团领导人杭州峰会 the G20 (Group of Twenty) 2016 Summit in Hangzhou 金砖国家领导人厦门会晤 the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Summit in Xiamen全方位、多层次、立体化的外交布局diplomatic agenda in a comprehensive, multilevel, multifaceted way营造良好的外部条件 create a favourable external environment同国际社会的互联互动空前紧密 be so interconnected with the international community 国家软实力 national soft power; soft power of a nation国际话语权 power of discourse in international politics国际地位 international status / standing / position国际影响力 international influence / influential power开放、包容、自信的负责任大国形象image of an open, inclusive, confident, responsible power2. 中国经贸经贸 economy and foreign trade保持快速、稳定的增长势头 maintain fast and steady growth momentum全球金融危机的爆发 the outbreak of the global financial crisis对世界经济增长的贡献 contribution to the world economic growth积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation and control国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP)人均可支配收入 per capita disposable income城镇新增就业人数 the number of new jobs added / created in urban areas失业率 the rate of unemployment规模以上工业企业利润 profits of industrial enterprises above designated size公共财政收入 public financial revenue货物贸易进出口总值 the total value of trade in goods (imports and exports)开放型经济 open economy倡导和推动共建“一带一路” advance the Belt and Road Initiative发起创办亚洲基础设施投资银行（亚投行）initiate the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)成立丝路基金 set up the Silk Road Fund促进贸易和投资自由化、便利化promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation自由贸易 free / unrestricted trade跨境电商 cross-border e-commerce利用外资 utilize foreign capital对外投资 invest in foreign countries推进经济全球化 promote economic globalization反对贸易保护主义 oppose trade protectionism通过平等协商解决贸易争端 settle trade disputes through equal consultation 签订自由贸易协定 sign a free trade agreement亚太自贸区 Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific东亚经济共同体 East Asian Economic Community国际货币基金组织 International Monetary Fund (IMF)特别提款权货币篮子 Special Drawing Rights (SDR)人民币国际化 the internationalization of RMB对外开放的扩大 open wider to the outside world促进自身的发展 promote China’s own development给世界带来机遇 bring opportunities to the world转变发展方式 transform the growth mode优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure转换增长动力 foster new drivers for growth新兴产业 emerging industry传统产业 traditional industry消费、投资、出口 consumption, investment and exports三次产业 three industries农业 agriculture工业 industry服务业 service sector供给侧结构性改革 supply-side structural reform制度变革 institutional reform结构优化 structural improvement产业升级 industrial upgrade3. 中国科技科技 science and technology新四大发明 New Four Great Inventions高铁 high-speed rail扫码支付 mobile payment共享单车 bicycle sharing网购 online shopping高水平科技创新 high-level technological innovation政府的大力支持 vigorous support by the government创新型国家 innovation-oriented country科技革命 revolution in science and technology产业变革 industrial transformation创新驱动发展战略 innovation-driven development strategy基础研究 basic research应用基础研究 application-oriented basic research国家实验室 national laboratory实施重大科技项目 implement / carry out major technology projects科研院所、高校与企业 research institutes, colleges and enterprises创新成果的转化和应用 commercial application of innovation achievements 大众创业、万众创新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation自主创新 independent innovation国际竞争力 international competitiveness创新型企业 innovation-oriented enterprise人工智能 artificial intelligence互联网＋ the Internet Plus initiative智能产业 intelligent industry智能生活 smart life数字中国 digital China深海探测 deep-water exploration量子通信 quantum communications大飞机 large aircraft电子商务 e-commerce移动互联支付 mobile payment共享经济 sharing economy重塑经济增长格局 reshape China’s growth model创新发展 innovation-driven development生物技术 biotechnology城镇化 urbanization工业化 industrialization人口老龄化 population ageing食品安全 food safety新型药物 new drugs作物新品种 new crop varieties人口健康 population health科技的日新月异 advances in science and technology提升社会生产效率 boost social productivity日常生活更加便利 make our daily life more convenient4. 中国环保治理环境污染 control / curb environmental pollution生态环境保护 ecological environmental protection节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction优化能源结构 optimize the energy mix传统化石燃料 traditional fossil fuel煤炭 coal石油 petroleum天然气 natural gas清洁能源 clean energy太阳能 solar energy风能 wind energy核能 nuclear energy减少温室气体排放 reduce greenhouse gas emission全球变暖 global warming; the warming of the planet大气污染 air pollution细颗粒物 PM 2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers)平均浓度 average concentration水污染防治 water pollution prevention and control化肥农药 chemical fertilizers and pesticides保持零增长 maintain zero-rate growth生态保护 ecological protection修复工程 restoration projects退耕还林 turn marginal farmland into forests植树造林 afforestation土地沙漠化 land desertification水土流失 soil erosion5. 中国民生内政 domestic affairs民生 people’s livelihood教育 education就业 employment科教兴国战略 the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education 教育优先发展 prioritize the development of education公平而有质量的教育 fair and high-quality education财政性教育经费 public spending on education学前教育 preschool education高中阶段教育 senior secondary education高等教育 higher education世界一流大学 world-class university世界一流学科 world-class discipline职业教育 vocational education民族教育 ethnic minority education特殊教育 special education继续教育 further / continuing education网络教育 online education师资队伍 faculty; teaching staff师德师风 teachers’ virtue / ethics义务教育 compulsory education办学条件 conditions of running a school乡村教师 rural teachers改革考试招生制度 reform the examination and enrollment system重点高校 key university农村和贫困地区学生 students from rural and poor areas资助家庭困难学生 offer financial aids to students from financially-challenged families 降低农村学生辍学率 reduce drop-out rate of rural students公共就业服务 public employment services职业技能培训 vocational skill training以创业带动就业 job creation through entrepreneurship人力资源 human resources技术工人 technical worker高技能人才 highly skilled personnel海外留学人员 overseas Chinese students援助就业困难人员 assist people having difficulty in finding jobs扩大农民工就业 expand employment for rural migrant workers治理拖欠工资问题 resolve the problem of late salary payment消除性别和身份歧视 eliminate gender and status discrimination二、补充词汇1. 中国外交互相尊重主权和领土完整 mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互不侵犯 mutual non-aggression互不干涉内政 non-interference in each other’s internal affairs平等互利 equality and mutual benefit和平共处 peaceful coexistence军备竞赛 arms race军事扩张 military expansion霸权主义 hegemonism强权政治 power politics国际性和地区性问题 international and regional issues国际恐怖主义 international terrorism人权 human rights人类生存和发展 human survival and development和平稳定的国际环境 peaceful and stable international environment睦邻友好的周边环境 good neighbourly environment国际关系 international relations国际事务 international affairs国际政治经济新秩序 new international political and economic order求同存异 seek common ground while putting aside differences不可逆转／抗拒的趋势 irreversible / irresistible trend机遇和挑战 opportunities and challenges冷战思维 the Cold War mentality南北对话 North-South dialogue南南合作 South-South cooperation建设性战略伙伴关系 constructive strategic partnership2. 中国经贸经济衰退 economic recession综合国力 comprehensive national strength国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)国民经济 national economy成熟发达经济体 mature developed economy发展中经济体 developing economy欠发达经济体 underdeveloped economy外向／出口导向型经济 export-oriented economy计划经济 planned economy市场／商品经济 market / commodity economy生产力 productivity; productive force加快深化改革进程 accelerate and deepen the reform process经济结构调整 economic restructuring产业优化升级 industrial optimization and upgrading调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure扩大内需 expand domestic demand招商引资 attract investment (from overseas)吸引海外投资者 attract foreign / overseas investors振兴经济 revitalize / invigorate / rejuvenate the economy达到小康水平 achieve comparative prosperity财政赤字 deficit通货膨胀／紧缩 inflation; deflation货币升值／贬值 currency appreciation / devaluation经济杠杆 economic leverage科技创新 scientific and technological innovation消除贫困 wipe out / eliminate / eradicate poverty跨国公司 multinational / transnational corporation国有企业 state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业 privately-run enterprise合资企业 joint venture大中型企业 large and medium-sized enterprise中小型企业 small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业 small and micro-sized enterprise外商投资企业 foreign funded / invested enterprise公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition (M&A)工业增加值 industrial added value知识产权 intellectual property房地产税 real estate tax战略性新兴产业 emerging industry of strategic importance战略性新兴产业 strategic pillar industry高新技术产业 high-tech industry支柱产业 pillar industry农、林、牧、渔业 farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery 现代化建设 modernization drive / construction基础设施建设 infrastructure construction城乡建设 urban and rural construction技术转让 technology transfer; transfer of technology消费者购买力 consumer buying / purchasing power双赢战略／合作 win-win strategy / cooperation改革开放政策 the reform and opening-up policy浮动汇率机制 floating exchange rate mechanism外汇管理体制 foreign exchange management system西部大开发战略 the strategy of China’s Western Development “引进来”战略 the strategy of “bringing in”“走出去”战略 the strategy of “going global”反倾销 anti-dumping反补贴 anti-subsidy贸易战 trade war最惠国待遇 most favoured nation (MFN) treatment世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization (WTO)贸易冲突和摩擦 trade conflicts and frictions关税／非关税壁垒 tariff / non-tariff barrier贸易伙伴 trade partner市场供求 market supply and demand供过于求 supply exceeding demand供不应求 demand exceeding supply外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺／逆差 trade surplus / deficit3. 中国环保环境恶化 environmental degradation / deterioration生态平衡 ecological balance自然保护区 nature reserve二氧化碳 carbon dioxide汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust高耗能产业 energy-intensive industry零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle可再生能源 renewable resources不可再生能源 non-renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly product一次性产品 disposable product能源短缺 energy shortage濒临灭绝 be on the verge of extinction濒危物种 endangered species稀有物种 rare species受威胁物种 threatened species森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate改善土壤 soil improvement热带雨林 tropical rainforest原始森林 primitive forest乱砍滥伐 deforestation生物多样性 biological diversity水灾 flood旱灾 drought地震 earthquake沙尘暴 sand storm冰川退缩 glacial recession过度放牧 overgrazing过度耕种 over farming过度捕鱼 overfishing过度砍伐 overcutting4. 中国民生初等教育 primary / elementary education 中等教育 secondary education中等后教育 post-secondary education大学教育 college / university education 成人教育 adult education远程教育 distance education / learning 应试教育 examination-oriented education 素质教育 quality-oriented education道德教育 moral education文科 liberal arts理工科 science and engineering高等学府 institution of higher education 科学研究 scientific research教育质量 education quality教育体制 educational system教学设施 teaching facilities多媒体教学 multimedia teaching全面发展 all-round development综合素质 comprehensive quality创新精神 spirit of innovation独立思考 independent thinking问题解决能力 problem-solving ability传授知识 impart knowledge高考 college entrance examination学费 tuition fee奖学金 scholarship助学金 student grant / grant-in-aid学生贷款 student loan社会保障体系 social security system下岗工人再就业 re-employment of laid-off workers剩余农村劳动力 surplus rural labour社会养老保险制度 social old-age pension scheme基本医疗保险制度 basic health insurance plan社会救助制度 social assistance system预期寿命 life expectancy低保人员 people on subsistence allowances特困人员 people living in extreme poverty5. 十九大、两会热词中华民族伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation中国梦 the Chinese Dream社会主义核心价值观 socialist core values“两个一百年”奋斗目标 the Two Centenary Goals中国制造2025 Made in China 2025“双一流”大学建设 “Double First-Class” University Plan工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit“中国天眼” China’s Eye of Heaven (FAST)国产航母 domestically built aircraft carrier国产客机 homemade passenger jet可燃冰 combustible ice量子卫星“墨子号” quantum satellite “Micius”北斗卫星导航系统 Beidou navigation system重型运载火箭 heavy-lift carrier rocket沪港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect深港通 Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect扫脸支付 face scan payment二维码支付 two-dimensional barcode payment人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟现实 virtual reality (VR)增强现实 augmented reality (AR)互联网金融 Internet / online finance低碳城市 low-carbon city扇贝内部资料，请勿外传11自媒体 We-Media实名认证 real-name authentication精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation / reduction利益共同体 community of shared interests小康社会 a moderately prosperous society营改增 replace business tax with value added tax (VAT)双引擎 twin engines增加公共产品、公共服务供给 greater supplies of public goods and services经济发展新常态 new normal of economic development增强获得感 gain a stronger sense of benefit形式主义 formalism官僚主义 bureaucratism享乐主义 hedonism奢靡之风 extravagance创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress丝绸之路经济带 the Silk Road Economic Belt21世纪海上丝绸之路 the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road丝路精神 the Silk Road spirit和平合作 peace and cooperation开放包容 openness and inclusiveness互学互鉴 mutual learning互利共赢 mutual benefit政策沟通 policy consultation设施联通 infrastructure connectivity贸易畅通 trade promotion资金融通 financial cooperation民心相通 people-to-people exchanges共商 extensive consultation共建 joint contribution共享 shared benefits雄安新区 Xiong’an New Area京津冀一体化 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration京津冀协同发展 coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region长江经济带 the Yangtze (River) Economic Belt粤港澳大湾区 the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area新型国际关系 a new type of international relations扇贝内部资料，请勿外传12。
numbers中文翻译
numbers中文翻译"numbers"的中文翻译是"数字"。
下面是一些关于数字的用法和中英文对照例句：1. 数字(shù zì) - number- 请告诉我你的电话数字。
(Qǐng gàosu wǒ nǐ de diànhuà shùzì.)Please tell me your phone number.2. 数字化(shù zì huà) - digitalization- 这个公司正在进行数字化转型。
(Zhège gōngsī zhèngzài jìnxíng shùzìhuà zhuǎnxíng.)The company is undergoing digitalization transformation.3. 数数(shǔ shǔ) - count- 孩子们在课堂上一起数数。
(Háizimen zài kètáng shàng yīqǐ shǔshǔ.)The children are counting together in the classroom.4. 数字键盘(shù zì jiàn pán) - numeric keypad- 这个手机上有一个方便的数字键盘。
(Zhège shǒujī shàng yǒu yīgè fāngbiàn de shùzì jiànpán.) This phone has a convenient numeric keypad.5. 数字化学(shù zì huà xué) - digital chemistry- 数字化学是研究计算机模拟和分析化学现象的领域。
经贸英语
English Translation英语翻译Dec. 2010经贸翻译●经贸翻译中遇到表达“数字、增长、下跌”等情况的翻译：●Food prices increase in 2000.●Oil prices increased from the second quarter of 2000 through to November but then eased, partly because of the global slowdown.●The country’s deficit in vis ible trade increased 40% between 1998 and 2000.经贸翻译●经贸翻译中遇到表达“数字、增长、下跌”等情况的翻译：●Orders in January increased by 19.9%.●World trade volumes rose sharply in 2000, particularly early in the year.●Zhejiang province’s exports of irons rose 73% in the first 10 months of the year.经贸翻译●经贸翻译中遇到表达“数字、增长、下跌”等情况的翻译：●Exports grew 3.2% in January and 1.5% in February.●China’s GDP grew by 8% in 2000 and by 8.1% for the first quarter of 2001.●Total sales in December 2001 were up by 10.8%, with a like increase of 5.3%.●Imports totaled 4 trillion in March, up 11.5% from a year earlier.经贸翻译●Increase●Trade is gradually increasing●greatly increase in power●increase proportionally to …●increase rapidly in popularity●remarkably increase in number●slightly increase●increase steadily●The driver suddenly increased speed.经贸翻译●经贸翻译中对“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”等情况的翻译：-jump, leap, soar, shoot up and skyrocket●The country’s urban retail sales leapt nearly 12%.●Revenues grew by $10 billion from 1998 to 1999, and then jumped by another $60 billion to $100 billion in 2000.●While exports grew 9.1% in March, imports soared 19.5%.经贸翻译●经贸翻译中对“迅速、大幅度增加或上升”等情况的翻译：-jump, leap, soar, shoot up and skyrocket●Actual foreign direct investment rose by 24.2% to $4.58 billion in the first two months of this year while contracted FDI shot up by 47.1% in the same period.●In recent years, the number of Internet hosts has skyrocketed from 5000 in 1986 to more than 30 million now.经贸翻译●Stand at 和remain at 表示保持在某种特定的水平或程度上；hover around 表示保持在某种程度上下：●The unemployment rate remained at 4.8% in January.●The province’s export growth rates hovered around 9% throughout 2000.●China’s public debt to GDP ratio stood at 14.6%--a comparatively low figure by international standards.经贸翻译●Decrease, fall, reduce, down, drop, slide, slip, shrink以及dip 表示“减少、下降”：●In April, the wholesale price index decreased 0.7% from a year earlier.●The consumer prices in March fell 0.4%.●Actual investment during January-October was reduced by 3%.经贸翻译●Decrease, fall, reduce, down, drop, slide, slip, shrink以及dip 表示“减少、下降”：●The household spending in March dropped 4.3% from a year earlier, to $3,000.●The retail-price index slipped 2.9% in 1999 from the previous year.●The trade surplus shrank 27.4% to $816.1 billion.经贸翻译●Decrease, fall, reduce, down, drop, slide, slip, shrink以及dip dip 表示“减少、下降”：●The trade surplus shrank 27.4% to $816.1 billion.●Japan’s economy is expected to shrink by 0.5% this year.●The International Monetary Fund predicts that the country’s GDP growth will dip back below 8% in 2001.。
数字翻译
Part 4About Numbers, Formulae, etc.（数字、公式 ）(I) 基数词1；2；3；4；5；6；7；8；9；1011；12；13；14；15；16；17；18；19；2021；22；2330；40；50；60；70；80；90100 nought; zero; oone; two; three; four; five; six; seven; eight; nine; teneleven; twelve; thirteen; fourteen; fifteen; sixteen; seventeen; eighteen; nineteen; twentytwenty-one; twenty-two; twenty-threethirty; forty; fifty; sixty; seventy; eighty; ninetyone hundred101；156；192200；300；400；500；600；700；800；9001,0001,0011,3002,0002,034；6,50238,000；45,672500,0001,000,000 one hundred and one; one hundred and fifty-six; one hundred and ninety-twotwo hundred; three hundred; four hundred; five hundred; six hundred; seven hundred; eight hundred; nine hundredone thousandone thousand and onethirteen hundred；one thousand and three hundredtwo thousandtwo thousand and thirty-four；six thousand five hundred and twothirty-eight thousand；forty-five thousand six hundred and seventy-twofive hundred thousandone million3,123,4008,000,000；47,000,000；900,000,000 1,000,000,0001,050,000,00010,000,000,000200,000,000,0001,000,000,000,0006,000,000,000,000 three million，one hundred andtwenty-three thousand and four hundredeight million；forty-seven million；nine hundred milliona milliard（十亿）；one milliard（美：a billion, one billion）one billion and fifty millionten billiontwo hundred billiona billion, one billion （美：a trillion, one trillion）six million million(II) 序数词first；second；third；fourth；fifth；sixth；seventh；eighth；ninth；tentheleventh；twelfth；thirteenth；fourteenth；fifteenth；sixteenth；seventeenth；eighteenth；nineteenth；twentiethtwenty-first；twenty-second；twenty-thirdthirtieth；fortieth；fiftieth；sixtieth；seventieth；eightieth；ninetieth(one)hundredth(one)hundred and firsthundred and thirty-fourthtwo-hundredth；three-hundredth；four-hundredth；five-hundredth；six-hundredth；seven-hundredth；eight-hundredth；nine-hundredth(one)thousandththousand and first；two thousand and thirty-fourth 第一；第二；第三；第四；第五；第六；第七；第八；第九；第十第十一；第十二；第十三；第十四；第十五；第十六；第十七；第十八；第十九；第二十第二十一；第二十二；第二十三第三十；第四十；第五十；第六十；第七十；第八十；第九十第一百第一百零一第一百三十四第二百；第三百；第四百；第五百；第六百；第七百；第八百；第九百第一千第一千零一；第二千零三十四ten thousandth (one)millionth billionth第一万第一百万（美：billionth ） 第十亿（美：trillionth ） (III) 分数 1/21/3；3/4；1/5；2/5；7/8 1/10 1/1001/1000；1/10000212 334one-half ；a halfone-third ；three-fourths ；one-fifth ；two-fifths ；seven-eighthsone-tenth ；a tenthone-hundredth ；one per centone-thousandth ；one ten-thousandthtwo and one half ；two and a halffour and two-thirds (IV) 百分比 100% 0.5% 0.46%one hundred per cent point five per cent point four six per cent (V) 小数 2.05 6.003 78.12two point nought five ；two point o five six point nought nought three ；six point o o threeseventy-eight point one two(VI) 电话号码 119 120 688 5337 6512 97868 893493 737964 62374881one one nine one two oh six double-eight five double-three seven six five one twonine seven eight six eight eight nine three four nine three seven three seven nine six foursix two three seven four double-eight one(VII) 时间同一个时间可以有几种表达方法4:0004:0016:009:0009:0021:0012:0012:0000:0012:15；00:15 02:25；14:25 11:30；23:30 12:45；00:45 07:50；19:50 four o'clock；four；4 o'clockfour in the morning；4 a.m.four inthe afternoon；4 p.m.nine o'clock；nine；9 o'clocknine in the morning；9 a.m.nine in the evening；nine at night；9 p.m.twelve o'clock；twelve；12 o'clocktwelve in the morning；12 a.m.；midday twelve at night；12 p.m. midnighta quarter past twelve；quarter past twelve；twelve fifteen；a quarter after twelvetwenty-five past two；twenty-five minutes past two；two twenty-five；twenty-five after twohalf past eleven；eleven-thirty；half eleven；half after elevena quarter to one；quarter to one；twelve forty-five；a quarter of oneten to eight；ten minutes to eight；seven-fifty；ten of eight下面的例句都是表示时间：What time is it, Gordon? 几点了，戈登？Just after five. 刚过5点。
31067.1美元英文大写翻译
31067.1美元英文大写翻译
摘要：
1.31067.1 美元的英文大写翻译
2.大写数字的用途和规则
3.翻译结果及解释
正文：
31067.1 美元的英文大写翻译为THIRTY-ONE THOUSAND, SIX HUNDRED SEVENTEEN DOLLARS AND ONE CENT。
在英文中，大写数字通常用于金额、数字标识、缩写等场合，以避免歧义和混淆。
大写数字的规则如下：
1.数字0 的大写形式为ZERO。
2.数字1 至9 的大写形式分别为ONE、TWO、THREE、FOUR、FIVE、SIX、SEVEN、EIGHT、NINE。
3.数字10 的大写形式为TEN，而11 至19 的大写形式分别为ELEVEN 至NINETEEN。
4.数字20 至90 的大写形式分别为TWENTY 至NINETY。
5.百位数（例如100 至900）的大写形式分别为ONE HUNDRED 至NINE HUNDRED。
6.千位数（例如1000 至9000）的大写形式分别为ONE THOUSAND 至NINE THOUSAND。
7.万位数（例如10000 至90000）的大写形式分别为TEN
THOUSAND 至NINE 十万。
在本文中，31067.1 美元的大写翻译为THIRTY-ONE THOUSAND, SIX HUNDRED SEVENTEEN DOLLARS AND ONE CENT。
这意味着31,067.1 美元，其中31 表示三千一百，1 表示一，7 表示七十，6 表示六十，而小数点后的1 表示美分。
经济贸易英文表达
attract inv estme nt
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招商项目
project proposals for inv estme nt
同国际惯例接轨
follow the internationalcodes of practice; bring…in
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国民经济、对外经济贸易
NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE
经济指标
econo mic in dicators
社会总产值
total product of society
the intern ati onal usage
line with
加大改革力度
inten sify reforms
一条龙服务
one package service
一支笔审批
on e-chop approval
我们两市的经济互补性很强。
To a great exte nt, the econo mies betwee n out two cities are compleme ntary to each other.
计划经济1
pla nned economy
统购统销
state mono poly over purchase and marketi ng
市场经济
market economy
指令性计划」
man datory pla n
商务英语翻译_之_数字翻译
About / Some / Around / Round twenty passengers were killed in the road accident.
这次交通事故中约有二十名旅客死亡。
（三）表示“高于”、“多于”：more than, odd, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards of, higher than, in excess of , exceed等 Never spend in excess of your income.
The population of this county has increased by a factor of 5.
该县的人口已经增长了4倍。
By 2004 the production of primary copper has increased fivefold.
到2004年，原铜产量增长了4倍。
Upwards of seven thousand medical workers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.
有七千多名医务人员和两万多名解放军前往震区。
The patients are children of three years old and upwards.
round，nearly，towards，somewhere about，estimated， approximately，on the border of，close to，or so等
It is nearly / toward (s) 4 o’clock. It is somewhere about 4 o’clock.
第8讲：经贸翻译.
第 一 节 文 体 特 点
Chapter 8: Translation of ETE
（二） 词语特点 2、古体词 由where, there与in, by, with, after等构成的复合词汇，仅用 于合同及法律文体中。 特点：明晰古朴 在那里；在那点上，在那方面 therein 其后，从那以后 thereafter 以下，在下文 hereinafter thereby 因此，在那方面 thereof 它的，在其中 hereby 特此，因此，兹 hereto 至此，对此 herein 此中，于此 hereof 关于此点，在本文件中 hereunder 在此之下，在下文
借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。
Chapter 8: Translation of ETE
（二） 词语特点 3、词语叠用
词语叠用确保了合同所用词语的意思不被曲解，并使原文意思高度完 整、准确，更好地体现合同作为法律文书的严肃性。
第 一 节 文 体 特 点
本合同双方，______ 公司（以下称甲方）与 ______ 公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利的基础上，通过友好 协商，于____年____月____日在中国____ （地点），特 签订本合同。
Chapter 8: Translation of ETE
（二） 词语特点 2、古体词 The Attachments to this Contract shall be deemed a part hereof and shall be effective as any other provision hereof.
Chapter 8 经贸翻译
文体特点
文本类型 词语特点
商务翻译技巧中的数字翻译
商务活动中，任何时候都离不开数字，数字可以 准确地表达事物的状况，可以翔实记录事物的 发展状态，也可以科学地证明某些观点。在商 务报告中，可以说数字的应用比比皆是。 本单元重点阐述数字翻译以及与数字紧密相关的 表达法如“上升、下降”等词汇的翻译。我们 知道，“失之毫厘，差之千里”，数字及有关 数字的翻译的重要原则就是“准确性”。
［例6］原文：China’s actual foreign direct investment (FDI) rose by 24% to $4.58 billion in the first two months of this year while contracted FDI shot up by 37.8% in the same period. 中国今年头两个月实际外商直接投资增长了24%，达45.8 亿美元，而同期合同外商直接投资猛增37.8%。
1997年，美国手机用户占电话用户总人数的8%，为欧洲、 美国和亚洲三者之最，2002年上升到18%。期间，亚 洲手机用户占电话用户的比例增长了3倍，从2%增长 到2002年的8%。我们可以预测，亚洲手机市场将比欧 洲和美国手机市场发展更快。
［例5］原文：This report illustrates the changes of the total production cost of ABC company between 2000 and 2010. The production cost went down gradually from US $55 million in 2000 to US $40 million in 2003. However, it suddenly started to increase dramatically in the following 2 years and reached a new high of US$ 60 million in 2005. 本报告阐明了2000年到2010年ABC公司生产成本 的变化。生产成本从2000年的5 500万美元逐步 下降到2003年的4 000万美元。然而，接下来2年 内，生产成本猛增，2005年达到新高，成本高达 6 000万美元。
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本稳定。数据显示，中国的国内生产总值（GDP
）达到74772亿元，9008.7亿美元，比去年增长
8.8％，其中，第一产业增加了3.5％，第二产业
增长10.8％，第三产业增长8.2％。物价涨幅持
续走低。
商品零售价格比去年增长了0.8％，比去年涨幅
低了5.3个百分点，居民消费价格增长2.8％，
比去年回落了5.5个百分点。（全年商品零售价
格总水平比上年上涨0.8%，居民销售价格上
涨2.8%，涨幅分别比上年回落5.3和5.5个百
分点）转变经济发展方式已取得成效，经济效
益有所提高。每万元的国内生产总值消耗比去
新增公路里程35000公里，
其中高速公路1313公里，公路旅客周转量达
到5118。
新增的长途光缆增加27000皮长/公里，
数字微波干线14400公里，
电话线数量增加1961万。
移动通讯已成为世界上覆盖范围最广的
电话网之一，用户达到1323万。
国家财政总收入不含债务收入达8642亿元，
Relatively rapid growth was registered in foreign trade and foreign capital utilization was improved in quality. Last year, china rose the world’s tenth largest country in foreign trade. Imports and exports totaled us$325.1 billion, an increase of 12.1% over the previous year with trade surplus of us$40.3 billion.Exports accounted for us $182.7 billion, rising by 20.9%. A total of us$64 billionof foreign capital was used including us $45.3 billionof direct foreign investment and us$ 12 billion of foreign loans and us $6.7 billionwas gained through issuing stocks overseas.Chinainvested us $1.83 billionabroad, playing a certain role in making up the shortage of domestic resources and in promoting export.
年降低了5.2％。
农业继续增长。尽管中国北方大部分地区遭遇干
旱，粮食收入达到49250万吨，国家粮食储备
达到史上最高。（在北方大面积干旱的情况下，全国粮食
产量仍达到49250万吨，国家粮食库存达到历史最高水平）棉
花产量为430万吨。肉类和水产品总量分别是
5354万吨和3561万吨。畜牧业和水产养殖业
The country’s financial revenue excludingliability revenuetotaled864.2 billionyuan, us $104.12 billion, up 16.7% on the previous year and financial expenditure excluding liability expenditure reached919.7 billionyuan, us$110.8 billionup 15.8% with the latter exceeding the former by55.5 billonyuan, us $6.69 billion. The deficit of the state treasures stood at56 billionyuan, us$6.75 billionwhich was within the budget by its goal. The state treasures’ liability revenue was244.7 billionyuan, us$29.84 billion, fulfilling the budget goal by 99.6%.Currency supplyincereased by 17.3%. A total of137.6 billionyuan, us$16.58 billion was issued throughout the year, exceeding the control plan by17.6 billionyuan, us$2.12 billion. The total saving deposits in all financial institutions increased by1294 billionyuan, us $155.9billion, a rise of 18.6% over the previous year and loan rose by1070.3 billionyuan, us $128.95 billionup 16.7%. The interest rate on loans was lowered in due course helping reduce the burden of entrprizes.China’s foreign exchange reserve reached us$139.9 billionat the end of last year, a record high and an increase of us$34.9 billionover the figure at the beginning of the year.
Basic industries and infrastructure continue to develop. National energy production reached1.34 billiontons of standard coal. Power generating capacity increases by13.76 millionkilowatts and power supply basically met production needs and household use. Newly built railways open to traffic totaled 896 km,electrified railwaysto 1916 km anddouble trackrailways 551 km. A total of 35,000 km of new roads was added, including 1313 km ofexpress ways. Thepassenger transportof high ways was511.8 billionpassenger km. Thepost and telecommunicationsector registered the most rapid development. The total lance oflong distance optical cableincreases by 27000 sheet km, that of digital microwave links by 14,400 km and the number of telephone lines by19.61 million.The mobile telephone network in china having13.23 millionsubscribers has become one of the largest in the world in terms of its coverage.
农村经济重要增长点，并成为农民收入的主要来
源。
乡镇企业增加值达到了18000亿元，合2168.7亿
美元。
基础工业和基础设施继续发展。国家能源生产
达到13.4亿吨标准煤，
新增发电机容量1376万千瓦，
电力供应基本满足生产和生活的需要。
新建铁路交付营运里程896公里，
电气化铁路1916公里，复线551公里，
Agriculture was further strengthened.Despitedroughts in a large part of northern china,green outputreached492.5 milliontons. The state green reserves hit a record high. Cotton output was4.3 milliontons. The total output of meat came to53.54 milliontons and aquatic products to35.61 milliontons.Animal husbandryandaquaculturehave become significant points for rural economic growth and a major source of being increase in farmers’ income. The added value of township enterprises reached1800 billionYuan, us$216.87 billion.
数字中的中国国民经济
China’s economic development has entered a new stage which is characteristically one of high growth and low inflation. The national economy continues to grow rapidly and market prices remain basically stable. Statistics for last year show that china’sgross domestic product(ＧＤＰ)reached7477.2 billion Yuan, us $900.87 billion, an increase of 8.8% over the previous years. Among which,primary industrygrew by 3.5%, secondary industry 10.8% andtertiary industry8.2%.Themargin of pricerise continues to fall.Retail pricesrose by 0.8%, representing a drop of 5.3 percentage point compared to the year before andconsumer pricesrose by 2.8%, 5.5 percentage points less than that of the pervious year. Progress has been made in shifting the economic growth. Economic efficiency improved with the energy consumed for each 10 thousand Yuan of GDP decreasing by 5.2% compared to the level of the year before.