一篇英文文献总结
英文文献建设总结汇报范文
英文文献建设总结汇报范文英文文献建设总结报告AbstractThis report aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the English literature development in our organization. It covers the key initiatives, challenges faced, and recommendations for improvement. The report emphasizes the importance of effective and efficient English literature resources for the organization's growth and success.I. IntroductionThe effective development and management of English literature is crucial for organizations to stay updated with the latest research, trends, and developments in their respective fields. In our organization, we recognize the significance of English literature in enabling us to make informed decisions, enhance our professional knowledge, and maintain our competitiveness. Therefore, we have taken several initiatives to establish and improve our English literature resources.II. Key InitiativesA. Digital Libraries: We have invested in various digital libraries and online databases to provide our staff with easy access to a wide range of English literature resources. These resources include academic journals, research papers, case studies, and industry reports. The digital libraries also support advanced search functionalities, citation tools, and personalization features for an enhanced user experience.B. Literature Review Workshops: To ensure effective utilization of the available English literature resources, we have conducted regular workshops to train our staff on literature review techniques and best practices. These workshops have helped our employees to improve their ability to identify relevant literature, extract key information, and synthesize findings.C. Collaboration with External Institutions: We have established partnerships with renowned universities and research institutions to obtain access to their English literature resources. This collaboration has enabled us to expand our literature collection and gain insights from leading experts in our field. Additionally, we have participated in joint research projects and knowledge sharing initiatives to contribute to the English literature body of knowledge. III. Challenges and RecommendationsA. Limited Availability of Open Access Literature: Despite our efforts in acquiring various digital libraries, we have encountered challenges in accessing open access English literature. Open access resources provide unrestricted access to scholarly articles, which are critical for conducting comprehensive literature reviews. We recommend exploring partnerships with open access publishers or establishing institutional repositories to address this challenge.B. Language Barrier: English may not be the first language for all our staff members. This language barrier can pose difficulties in comprehending and extracting relevant information from English literature. We recommend providing language training programs to enhance employees' English language skills and improve their ability to effectively utilize English literature resources.C. Regular Evaluation of Literature Resources: The field of knowledge is constantly evolving, and it is essential to regularly evaluate our literature resources. We recommend conducting periodic reviews to assess the relevance, quality, and availability of the English literature resources we have invested in. This evaluation will help us optimize our resource allocation and ensure that our literature collection remains up-to-date.IV. ConclusionThe English literature development in our organization has played a critical role in enhancing our knowledge and contributing to our growth. As outlined in this report, we have implemented several initiatives to establish and improve our literature resources. However, we still face challenges such as limited access to open access literature and language barriers. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended improvements, we can further enhance our English literature capabilities and ensure continued success in our organization.。
英文文献综述标准范文
英文文献综述标准范文A comprehensive review of English literature。
Introduction。
The field of English literature is vast and diverse, encompassing a wide range of genres, periods, and styles. A comprehensive review of English literature is essential for understanding the development and evolution of the discipline. This paper aims to provide a standard sample of an English literature review, covering key aspects of the field and highlighting important works and authors.Historical overview。
English literature has a rich and complex history, with roots dating back to the early medieval period. The development of English literature can be traced through various literary movements, such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, and Modernism. Each period has its own distinct characteristics and themes, reflecting the social, political, and cultural context of the time.Key themes and genres。
近五年药学英文文献
12.Insights into European drug shortages: a survey of hospital pharmacists.
7.Dissemination of VIM-2 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST233 at tertiary care hospitals in Egypt.
8.Development of Clinical Pharmacy Key Performance Indicators for Hospital Pharmacists Using a Modified Delphi Approach
5.BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015Dec;15(1):560. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0560-4. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
6.Xuesaitong injection as one adjuvant treatment of acute cerebral infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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英文文献阅读总结汇报结尾
英文文献阅读总结汇报结尾In conclusion, the process of reading English literature has been an enriching and rewarding experience. Through the exploration of various texts, I have gained insights into different cultures, societies, and perspectives. The exposure to diverse writing styles and themes has broadened my understanding of the world and deepened my appreciation for the power of language.One of the key lessons I have learned from reading English literature is the importance of critical thinking and analysis. Literature forces us to question, challenge, and reconsider our preconceived notions. It encourages us to look beyond the surface and delve into deeper meanings and messages. Through careful examination and interpretation of texts, I have come to realize that there are often multiple layers of meaning embedded within a single piece of literature. This has taught me to approach texts with an open mind, ready to engage in critical thinking and analysis.Furthermore, reading English literature has enhanced my language skills. It has expanded my vocabulary and improved my ability to express myself articulately and eloquently. The exposure to different writing styles has also influenced my own writing, enabling me to experiment with different techniques and approaches. Additionally, reading English literature has improved my comprehension and interpretation skills, as I have learned to identify literary devices, explore symbolism, and decode complex narrative structures.Moreover, reading English literature has been a source of inspiration and personal growth. It has sparked my imagination andprovided a platform for creativity. The stories, characters, and themes have evoked a range of emotions within me, teaching me to empathize and connect with the experiences of others. This has deepened my understanding of human nature and broadened my perspective on life.Furthermore, reading English literature has nurtured my love for learning. It has driven me to continue exploring different genres, authors, and time periods, as there is always more to discover and learn. The exposure to different voices and perspectives has challenged my own biases and encouraged me to seek out diverse voices in all aspects of life.Lastly, the process of reading English literature has provided me with a sense of escapism and relaxation. It offers a retreat from the pressures and stresses of everyday life, allowing me to immerse myself in different worlds and stories. The act of reading itself has become a form of self-care, a way to recharge and rejuvenate.In conclusion, reading English literature has been a transformative journey. It has broadened my horizons, enhanced my language skills, sparked my imagination, and nurtured my love for learning. Through the exploration of different texts, I have gained a deeper understanding of the world and myself. I am grateful for the opportunity to engage with these texts and look forward to continuing my reading journey in the future.。
英文参考文献总结范文
Introduction:The field of sustainable development has gained significant attention in recent years, as the global community seeks to balance economic growth with environmental conservation and social equity. This summary aims to provide a comprehensive overview of selected references that discuss various aspects of sustainable development, including its definitions, challenges, and potential solutions.1.Definition and Conceptual Framework:Several references provide a foundational understanding of sustainable development. According to the Brundtland Commission (1987), sustainable development is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." This definition highlights the intergenerational equity aspect of sustainable development. Renzetti and Volpe (2019) further explain that sustainable development encompasses three pillars: economic, social, and environmental.2.Challenges and Barriers:The pursuit of sustainable development faces numerous challenges and barriers. In their article, Gereffi et al. (2019) discuss the role of global value chains in perpetuating unsustainable practices. They argue that the fragmented nature of global production networks often leads to environmental degradation and social inequality. Similarly, Kaczan and Swain (2018) identify the lack of political will and insufficient policy frameworks as major barriers to achieving sustainable development goals.3.Policy and Governance:Policy and governance play a crucial role in facilitating sustainable development. Chatterji and Ranganathan (2017) explore the effectiveness of various policy instruments, such as regulations, incentives, and voluntary agreements, in promoting sustainable practices. They conclude that a combination of these instruments is necessary to achieve meaningful change. Furthermore, Patten and Young (2018) discuss theimportance of stakeholder engagement and participatory governance in shaping sustainable development policies.4.Economic and Social Dimensions:The economic and social dimensions of sustainable development areclosely intertwined. In their study, Safra and Swilling (2019) examine the role of the green economy in achieving sustainable development goals. They argue that a shift towards a green economy can lead to job creation, poverty reduction, and environmental conservation. Additionally, Inderbitzin and Gertler (2018) explore the social impacts of sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and socialjustice in achieving sustainable outcomes.5.Environmental Aspects:The environmental pillar of sustainable development is vital forensuring the well-being of future generations. In their article, Groombridge et al. (2019) discuss the state of biodiversity and the importance of preserving ecosystems. They highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts to address the loss of biodiversity. Furthermore, Angelsen et al. (2018) explore the role of land-use change incontributing to climate change and the need for sustainable land management practices.6.Potential Solutions and Innovations:Several references discuss potential solutions and innovations that can contribute to sustainable development. In their book, Chopra and Garg (2019) propose a framework for sustainable urban development, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure, transportation, and green spaces. Additionally, Chirwa and Ranganathan (2018) discuss the role of technology in promoting sustainable development, highlighting the potential of renewable energy and digitalization.Conclusion:This summary provides an overview of selected references on sustainable development, covering its definitions, challenges, and potentialsolutions. The diverse range of topics discussed in these references underscores the complexity of achieving sustainable development. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to collaborate and adopt a multidisciplinary approach to address the challenges and realize the vision of a sustainable future.。
哲学英文文献总结范文
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the philosophical literature review focusing on the role of rationality in ethics. By analyzing various philosophical perspectives and theories, the paper aims to offer an insight into the debates and discussions surrounding the topic.Introduction:Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles and values. One of the central questions in ethics is the role ofrationality in moral decision-making. This literature review aims to explore the various philosophical perspectives on this issue, including utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and existentialism.Review:1. Utilitarianism:Utilitarianism, advocated by philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences. According to this perspective, rationality plays a crucial role in determining the consequences of an action. Utilitarianism emphasizes the importance of maximizing overall happiness or utility.2. Deontology:Deontological theories, represented by philosophers like Immanuel Kant, argue that the morality of an action is determined by its adherence to moral rules and duties. Rationality, in this context, is associated with the ability to identify and understand these moral rules. Kant believed that rationality enables individuals to make moral decisions based on universal principles.3. Virtue Ethics:Virtue ethics, developed by philosophers like Aristotle, focuses on the moral character of individuals. According to this perspective,rationality is essential for cultivating virtues and making ethical decisions. Virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of balancing reason and emotion in ethical reasoning.4. Existentialism:Existentialist philosophers, such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, argue that rationality is limited in its ability to determine moral values. They emphasize the role of individual freedom and subjective experiences in shaping ethical choices. Existentialists believe that rationality can only guide individuals to recognize their own responsibilities and make autonomous decisions.Conclusion:The philosophical literature review on the role of rationality in ethics highlights the diverse perspectives and debates surrounding the topic. While utilitarianism and deontology emphasize the importance of rationality in determining moral values and principles, virtue ethics and existentialism question the limitations of rationality in ethics. This review suggests that a comprehensive understanding of ethics requires considering the interplay between rationality, emotions, and individual experiences.References:1. Bentham, J. (1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.2. Kant, I. (1785). The Metaphysics of Morals.3. Aristotle. (350 BC). Nicomachean Ethics.4. Sartre, J.-P. (1943). Being and Nothingness: An Essay in Phenomenological Ontology.5. de Beauvoir, S. (1949). The Second Sex.。
英文文献综述万能模板范文
英文文献综述万能模板范文英文回答：Introduction.A literature review is a comprehensive survey of the existing research on a particular topic. It provides a critical analysis of the literature, identifying the key themes, gaps, and areas for future research. A well-written literature review can help readers quickly and easily understand the current state of knowledge on a topic.Steps to Writing a Literature Review.1. Define your topic. The first step is to define the scope of your literature review. This includes identifying the key concepts, variables, and research questions that you will be addressing.2. Search for relevant literature. Once you havedefined your topic, you need to search for relevant literature. This can be done through a variety of sources, including academic databases, Google Scholar, and library catalogs.3. Evaluate the literature. Once you have found a bodyof literature, you need to evaluate it to determine its relevance, quality, and credibility. This involves reading the abstracts and full text of the articles and assessing their strengths and weaknesses.4. Organize your review. Once you have evaluated the literature, you need to organize it into a logical structure. This may involve grouping the articles by theme, methodology, or research question.5. Write your review. The final step is to write your literature review. This should include a clear introduction, a body that discusses the key findings of the literature, and a conclusion that summarizes your findings andidentifies areas for future research.Tips for Writing a Literature Review.Be comprehensive. Include all of the relevant literature on your topic, even if it is not supportive of your hypothesis.Be critical. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the literature, and identify any gaps in the research.Be clear and concise. Write in a clear and concise style, and avoid using jargon or technical language.Proofread carefully. Make sure to proofread your literature review carefully before submitting it.中文回答：文献综述的撰写步骤。
英文文献总结参考范文
Abstract:This summary provides an overview of the recent studies focusing on the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. It discusses the main findings, methodologies used, and the implications for future agricultural practices. The summary aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research in this field and to highlight the challenges and opportunities that climate change poses to global food security.Introduction:Climate change is a pressing global issue that has significant implications for agricultural productivity. As the Earth's climate patterns shift, farmers and policymakers face the challenge of adapting their practices to ensure sustainable food production. This summary reviews several recent studies that examine the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity, considering various crops, regions, and methodologies.Main Findings:1. Temperature and Precipitation Changes:Recent studies have shown that changes in temperature and precipitation patterns have a profound impact on agricultural productivity. Increased temperatures can lead to heat stress in crops, while changes in precipitation can affect water availability and irrigation practices. These changes can lead to reduced yields and quality of agricultural products.2. Crop Yield Reductions:Multiple studies have reported a decrease in crop yields due to climate change. For instance, a meta-analysis by Lobell et al. (2011) found that temperature increases and precipitation changes have led to a 10% reduction in global crop yields. Similarly, a study by Bindi et al. (2011) reported that wheat and rice yields in South Asia have decreasedby 3.2% and 5.5% per degree Celsius of temperature increase, respectively.3. Adaptation Strategies:To mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, researchers have investigated various adaptation strategies. These include changing planting dates, crop varieties, and farming practices. A study by Challinor et al. (2014) found that shifting planting dates can increase yields by 10-20% in some regions, while using heat-tolerant crop varieties can reduce the negative impact of temperature increases.4. Implications for Food Security:The reduction in agricultural productivity due to climate change poses significant challenges to global food security. As populations grow and dietary patterns change, the demand for food is expected to increase. However, climate change is likely to exacerbate existing food security challenges, leading to potential food shortages and increased prices.Methodologies:1. Statistical Models:Many studies have used statistical models to analyze the relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity. These models can incorporate various climate variables, crop-specific data, and economic factors to predict the impact of climate change on yields.2. Crop Simulation Models:Crop simulation models are another commonly used methodology to assess the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. These models simulate the growth and development of crops under different climate conditions and can provide detailed insights into the specific factors affecting yield.3. Economic Assessments:Economic assessments are crucial to understanding the broader implications of climate change on agricultural productivity. Theseassessments can help policymakers and farmers make informed decisions about resource allocation and adaptation strategies.Conclusion:The recent studies reviewed in this summary indicate that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural productivity. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns lead to reduced yields and increased challenges for food security. However, adaptation strategies, such as changing planting dates and using heat-tolerant crop varieties, can help mitigate the negative effects of climate change. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of climate models and to develop more effective adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change.。
英文文献综述怎么写范文(汇总3篇)
拆解论文结构，是一个很好的理解论文，学习论文写作，同时提高逻辑思维和表达的方法。
方法其实很简单，但凡事不能一蹴而就。
但相信勤加练习以后，你一定会觉得看论文、写论文都不再那么那么痛苦。
最后再来复习一遍步骤吧：step 1：找到自己喜欢的文献综述。
step 2：提炼框架。
提取出文献综述中的结构性语句，得到该篇文献综述的框架。
step3：填答案。
根据得到的框架来有目的地查阅文献，提取相关信息，填上答案。
得到初稿。
step4：多选几篇。
重复之前的方法，对其反复拆解、组装，最终得到完全属于自己的litera ture review。
英文文献综述怎么写范文第2篇当我们已经提炼出一篇文献综述的框架，去填每个空的答案就比较容易了。
但因为论文最注重的就是理论支撑。
我们不能随便百度到答案就填上去。
我们在文献综述中引用的一切，都需要在原文中找到依据。
但去看原文实在太累了。
所以建议的方法是：先在知乎、Quora、学术论坛或者相关好懂的文献综述，看看他们是如何引用这篇paper，评价这篇paper的。
看完之后你的心里就已经有底了。
那么我们需要做的也很简单：1. 翻到相关部分2. 关键词定位 (快速找到答案）3. 同义词替换 (降重)文献综述是一种通过对已有文献进行梳理、分析和评价的方法，以形成系统性的综合性文献报告，探讨某个问题的现状、发展趋势以及未来研究方向的方法。
那么如何写优秀的文献综述呢？下面从几个角度为大家介绍。
1.明确研究目的和问题在写文献综述之前，先要明确自己的研究目的和问题，这有助于你在文献中寻找和汇总符合研究方向的文献资料，也能避免收集到不必要的资料浪费时间。
2.合理筛选文献来源3.分类整理文献资料在文献综述的写作过程中，需要将搜集到的文献进行分类整理，例如按照时间、地区、专业领域、研究角度等进行整合，方便后续的分析和总结。
4.分析比较文献中不同观点和研究方法通过对文献的比较和分析，可以了解研究领域发展的趋势、发现未解决的问题和矛盾，并提出自己的新的解决方法，这就需要作家具有较强的综合分析能力。
文献阅读类型总结英文作文
文献阅读类型总结英文作文英文：When it comes to reading academic literature, there are several types of reading that I find myself doing. Thefirst type is skimming, which I use when I need to quickly get an idea of what a paper is about or when I'm trying to determine if a paper is relevant to my research. Skimming involves reading the headings, subheadings, and the first and last sentences of each paragraph. It's a quick way to get a general sense of what a paper is about without reading every word.The second type of reading is scanning, which I use when I'm looking for specific information. Scanning involves quickly looking through a paper to find the information I need. I might scan for keywords or phrases that are relevant to my research question. Scanning is a more focused type of reading than skimming, but it still involves reading quickly and efficiently.The third type of reading is close reading, which I use when I'm trying to fully understand a paper or when I'm analyzing a paper for my research. Close reading involves reading every word and sentence carefully, and taking notes on the main ideas and arguments presented in the paper. Close reading is a slow and methodical process, but it's essential for gaining a deep understanding of a paper.Overall, I find that I use a combination of skimming, scanning, and close reading when I'm reading academic literature. Each type of reading has its own strengths and weaknesses, and I choose the type of reading that is most appropriate for the task at hand.中文：在阅读学术文献时，我会采用几种不同的阅读方式。
英文文献书面总结范文
Introduction:With the rapid development of technology, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. Teenagers, being the most active users of social media, are exposed to various online content and interactions. This study aims to analyze the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health and explore the potential consequences of excessive social media use.Methodology:The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 200 teenagers aged between 13 and 19 years was selected through convenience sampling. The participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that measured their social media usage patterns, mental health status, and demographics. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a subset of the participants to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences with social media and its impact on their mental health.Results:The results revealed that social media usage among teenagers is significantly associated with their mental health. The following key findings were observed:1. Increased anxiety and depression: Teenagers who reported higherlevels of social media usage exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression. This could be attributed to the constant exposure to idealized images and lifestyles portrayed on social media platforms, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.2. Sleep disturbances: Excessive social media use, particularly before bedtime, was found to disrupt sleep patterns among teenagers. This could be due to the blue light emitted by screens, which inhibits the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep.3. Cyberbullying: Social media has become a platform for cyberbullying, with teenagers experiencing emotional and psychological abuse online.This has severe consequences on their mental health, leading to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.4. Social isolation: Despite being connected through social media, teenagers may experience social isolation due to the superficial nature of online interactions. This can lead to a lack of genuine connections and support, further exacerbating mental health issues.Conclusion:The study concludes that social media usage has a significant impact on teenagers' mental health. Increased anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, and social isolation are some of the potential consequences of excessive social media use. It is crucial for parents, educators, and policymakers to be aware of these risks and take proactive measures to promote healthy social media habits among teenagers. Furthermore, social media platforms should be held accountable for their role in fostering a positive online environment and addressing issues such as cyberbullying and the spread of harmful content.Keywords: Social media, teenagers, mental health, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, social isolation。
英文文献总结范文
Introduction:Climate change has become a pressing global issue, posing significant challenges to various sectors, including agriculture. This study aims to analyze the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in the United States. By examining relevant literature, this summary provides an overview of the key findings and conclusions drawn from the research.Body:1. Background:The study highlights the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves, as a result of climate change. These events have significant implications for agricultural productivity, affecting crop yields, livestock health, and overall food security.2. Methodology:The research employed a panel data analysis approach, utilizing a dataset that encompassed various climate variables, agricultural production data, and other relevant economic indicators. The study focused on the period from 1990 to 2015, covering multiple agricultural sectors in the United States.3. Key Findings:a. Temperature: The study found a significant negative impact of rising temperatures on agricultural productivity. Higher temperatures can lead to reduced crop yields, increased water requirements, and heat stress on livestock.b. Precipitation: The analysis revealed a mixed effect of precipitation on agricultural productivity. While increased rainfall can positively influence crop yields, excessive rainfall can lead to flooding, soil erosion, and diseases, thereby adversely affecting agricultural output.c. Extreme weather events: The research emphasized the detrimental effects of extreme weather events on agricultural productivity. Droughtsand heatwaves can cause substantial crop losses, while floods can damage infrastructure and disrupt agricultural activities.4. Policy Implications:The study suggests several policy implications to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. These include:a. Investing in climate resilience: Governments should prioritize the development of climate-resilient agricultural practices and technologies to enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions.b. Enhancing water management: Improved water management systems, such as irrigation and water conservation techniques, can help mitigate the negative impact of climate change on agricultural productivity.c. Promoting sustainable agricultural practices: Encouraging the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic farming and crop diversification, can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Conclusion:In conclusion, this study provides evidence that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural productivity in the United States. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing climate change through various policy measures to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development. Further research is needed to understand the long-term implications of climate change on agriculture and to develop effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation.。
英文文献综述标准范文
英文文献综述标准范文述评(review)结论(conclusion)B: Primary sourcesThose providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field,biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few results, try searching by broader topic; when a search yields toomany results, refine your search by narrowing down your search.C: Secondary sourcesThose providing indirect evidence, such as research articles or papers, bookreviews, assays, journal articles by experts in a given field, studies on authors orwriters and their works, etc. Secondary sources will inform most of your writingin college. You will often be asked to research your topic using primary sources,but secondary sources will tell you which primary sources you should use andwill help you interpret those primary sources. To use theme well, however, youneed to think critically them. There are two parts of a source thatyou need toanalyze: the text itself and the argument within the text.D: Web sourcesThe sources or information from websites. Web serves as an excellentresource for your materials. However, you need to select and evaluate Websources with special care for very often Web sources lack quality control. Youmay start with search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, Ask, Excite, etc. It’s agood idea to try more than one search engine, since each locates sources in itsown way. When using websites for information, be sure to take care for theauthorship and sponsorship. If they are both unclear, be critical when you useinformation. The currency of website information should also be taken intoaccount. Don’t use too out information dated for your purpose.IV. Major strategies of Selecting Materials for literature reviewA. Choosing primary sources rather than secondary sourcesIf you have two sources, one of them summarizing or explaining a work andthe other the work itself, choose the work itself. Never attempt to write a paperon a topic without reading the original source.B. Choosing sources that give a variety of viewpoints on your thesisRemember that good argument essays take into account counter arguments.Do not reject a source because it makes an argument against you thesis.C. Choosing sources that cover the topic in depthProbably most books on Communicative Language Teaching mention WilliamLittlewood, but if this your topic, you will find that few sources cover the topicin depth. Choose those.D. Choosing sources written by acknowledged expertsIf you have a choice between an article written by a freelance journalist onTask-based Teaching and one written by a recognized expert like David Nunan,Choose the article by the expert.E. Choosing the most current sourcesIf your topic involves a current issue or social problem or development in ascientific field, it is essential to find the latest possible information. If all thebooks on these topics are rather old, you probably need to look for information inperiodicals.V. Writing a literature ReviewA. When you review related literature, the major review focuses should be:1. The prevailing and current theories which underlie the research problem.2. The main controversies about the issue, and about the problem.范围;(2)使用一般现在时介绍背景知识，使用现在完成时叙述他人成果，使用一般将来时或一般现在时简介本文内容;(3)结构力求简洁明了，多用简单句，并列成份较为常见;作者要对大量有关文献进行系统的整理、归纳、对比和分析，在此基础上列出与主题有关的所有重要学术观点，然后分别加以论述，以便读者获得全面的了解。
英文文献术语总结范文
IntroductionAcademic literature is a vast and complex field that encompasses a wide range of disciplines. To navigate this field effectively, it is crucial to familiarize oneself with the key terminology used in various disciplines. This summary aims to provide an overview of some essential terms that are commonly encountered in English academic literature.1. AbstractThe abstract is a concise summary of the main points of an academic paper. It provides a brief overview of the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions. Abstracts are typically around 150-250 words and serve as a gateway to the full text for readers who want to quickly grasp the essence of the research.2. BibliographyA bibliography is a list of all the sources that were cited in an academic paper. It includes books, journal articles, websites, and other relevant materials. The purpose of a bibliography is to give readers the opportunity to locate and verify the sources used in the research.3. Empirical StudyAn empirical study is a research method that relies on the collection and analysis of actual data. This type of study aims to test hypotheses and provide evidence for or against a particular theory. Empirical studies can be quantitative, qualitative, or a combination of both.4. HypothesisA hypothesis is a testable statement that proposes a relationship between variables. In an academic paper, a hypothesis is typically used to guide the research and provide a framework for testing the relationship between variables.5. MethodologyThe methodology section of an academic paper describes the research methods used to collect and analyze data. This section provides readerswith a clear understanding of how the research was conducted and the rationale behind the chosen methods.6. Peer ReviewPeer review is the process of having an academic paper evaluated by experts in the field before it is published. This process ensures that the research is of high quality and meets the standards of the academic community. Peer review can be conducted by editors, reviewers, or other researchers.7. Qualitative ResearchQualitative research is a type of research that focuses on understanding the meanings, experiences, and motivations of individuals or groups. This type of research is often used in the social sciences and humanities and relies on methods such as interviews, focus groups, and content analysis.8. Quantitative ResearchQuantitative research is a type of research that focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data. This type of research is often used in the natural sciences and social sciences to test hypotheses and make predictions. Methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis are commonly used in quantitative research.9. Research QuestionA research question is a specific, focused question that guides the research. The research question should be clear, concise, and answerable through empirical research. It is crucial to have a well-defined research question to ensure that the research is focused and relevant.10. TheoryA theory is a set of principles or ideas that explain a particular phenomenon. In academic literature, theories are used to provide a framework for understanding and interpreting data. Theories can be based on previous research, existing knowledge, or new insights.ConclusionFamiliarizing oneself with key terminology in English academicliterature is essential for navigating the field effectively. The terms discussed in this summary provide a foundation for understanding various aspects of academic research, including methodology, data collection, and analysis. By familiarizing oneself with these terms, readers can better understand and contribute to the academic community.。
英文文献总结
英文文献总结Summary of English Literature汇报人：JinTai College英文文献总结前言：工作总结是将一个时间段的工作进行一次全面系统的总检查、总评价、总分析，并分析不足。
通过总结，可以把零散的、肤浅的感性认识上升为系统、深刻的理性认识，从而得出科学的结论，以便改正缺点，吸取经验教训，指引下一步工作顺利展开。
本文档根据工作总结的书写内容要求，带有自我性、回顾性、客观性和经验性的特点全面复盘，具有实践指导意义。
便于学习和使用，本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。
英文论文文献总结写作一般经过以下几个阶段：即选题，搜集阅读文献资料、拟定提纲（包括归纳、整理、分析）和成文。
一、选题和搜集阅读献撰写文献总结通常出于某种需要，如为某学术会议的专题、从事某项科研、为某方面积累文献资料等等，所以，文献总结的选题，作者一般是明确的，不象科研课题选题那么困难。
文献总结选题范围广，题目可大可小，大到一个领域、一个学科，小到一种算法、一个方法、一个理论，可根据自己的需要而定。
选定题目后，则要围绕题目进行搜集与文题有关的文献。
关于搜集文献的有关方法，可以如看专著、年鉴法、浏览法、滚雪球法、检索法等等，在此不述。
搜集文献要求越全越好，因而最常用的方法是用检索法。
搜集好与文题有关的参考文献后，就要对这些参考文献进行阅读、归纳、整理，如何从这些文献中选出具有代表性、科学性和可靠性大的单篇研究文献十分重要，从某种意义上讲，所阅读和选择的文献的质量高低，直接影响文献总结的水平。
因此在阅读文献时，要写好“读书笔记”、“读书心得”和做好“文献摘录卡片”。
有自己的语言写下阅读时得到的启示、体会和想法，将文献的精髓摘录下来，不仅为撰写总结时提供有用的资料，而且对于训练自己的表达能力，阅读水平都有好处，特别是将文献整理成文献摘录卡片，对撰写总结极为有利。
二、格式与写法文献总结的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。
总结文献特点英文作文
总结文献特点英文作文The characteristics of literature can be quite diverse. Some works are known for their vivid and descriptive language, painting a rich and detailed picture in the reader's mind. Others may focus on the development of complex and multi-dimensional characters, delving deep into their thoughts and emotions. There are also pieces that are celebrated for their innovative and experimental writing styles, pushing the boundaries of traditional storytelling. Overall, the diversity of literature allows for a wide range of unique and distinct characteristics to shine through.Literature often reflects the social and cultural context in which it was created. It can serve as a mirror to society, offering insights into the values, beliefs, and struggles of a particular time and place. Through literature, readers can gain a deeper understanding of different perspectives and experiences, and explore the complexities of human existence. This ability to capturethe essence of a specific period in history is a defining characteristic of literature.Another notable feature of literature is its ability to evoke emotions and provoke thought. Whether through poignant storytelling, thought-provoking themes, or powerful imagery, literature has the power to move and inspire its audience. It can stir up a wide range of emotions, from joy and laughter to sadness and contemplation. This emotional resonance is a key aspect of literature that sets it apart from other forms of communication and entertainment.Literature is also characterized by its enduring impact and influence. Many literary works have stood the test of time, continuing to resonate with readers long after they were first written. These timeless classics often explore universal themes and truths that remain relevant across different cultures and generations. Additionally,literature has the power to shape and challenge societal norms, sparking important conversations and driving social change.In conclusion, the characteristics of literature are as diverse and varied as the works themselves. From itsability to reflect the social and cultural context, to its capacity to evoke emotions and provoke thought, literature continues to captivate and inspire readers around the world. Its enduring impact and influence ensure that literaturewill remain a vital and cherished art form for generationsto come.。
英文文献总结
E1.Robust Global Trajectory Tracking for Underactuated VTOL Aerial Vehicles using Inner-Outer Loop Control ParadigmsSOURCE：IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL现有的姿态-位置双闭环稳定控制的思路是通过独立的调节各环节参数实现系统稳定。
但是这一类方法需要控制对象的先验知识，并且在实际使用过程中并不是那么地有效率，因为外界干扰和参数摄动的影响都是不确定的。
为了解决这一方面的限制，提出了不需要对控制对象的动力学模型的先验知识的一种方法。
此方法是结合线性反馈律和前馈律的姿态控制器，提出的此控制器更有利于工程实现。
另外文中使用了SO(3)（李群三维旋转群）对飞行器的坐标系进行了描述。
E2.Robust global trajectory tracking for a class of underactuated vehicles SOURCE：Automatica本文提出解决了具有完全扭矩驱动和单一方向推力的这种特定类别的欠驱动飞行器的轨迹跟踪的问题。
在某些给定的假设下，提出的控制律能够跟踪平滑的参考位置轨迹，同时保证和期望姿态的角度偏差最小。
该方法在有界状态干扰的情况下可以全局地实现，即在不考虑飞行器的初始状态。
所提出的控制器在实验中使用小规模四旋翼飞行器进行测试。
文中利用混合四元数反馈策略为飞行器设计控制器。
同时，在此控制器中提出了对静态加速度扰动具有鲁棒性的积分项，并使用鲁棒的混合系统提取期望的单元四元数，并进行试验进行验证。
此文也是使用SO(3)（李群三维旋转群）对飞行器的坐标系进行了描述。
E3.Dynamics Modeling and Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial VehicleSOURCE：Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control文中介绍的飞行器轨迹跟踪的功能。
医学类英文文献作总结
医学类英文文献作总结Title: Summarizing Medical English Literature: A Comprehensive GuideIntroduction:Summarizing medical English literature is an essential skill for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students.It allows for quick understanding of complex research findings and facilitates knowledge sharing within the medical community.In this document, we will provide a detailed guide on how to effectively summarize medical English literature, ensuring accuracy, clarity, and coherence.1.Understanding the Purpose:Before diving into the literature summary, it is crucial to understand the purpose behind it.Are you summarizing for personal study, a research paper, or to update colleagues on recent findings? Defining the purpose will help tailor your summary accordingly.2.Identifying Key Components:To create an effective summary, identify the key components of the literature you are reading.These typically include:a.Objective: The research question or aim of the study.b.Methods: The design, sample size, and methodology used inthe research.c.Results: The main findings of the study, including statistical analysis.d.Conclusion: The authors" interpretation of the results and their implications.e.Key Points: Any notable or controversial aspects of the study.3.Outlining the Summary:Create an outline to structure your summary.This will help you stay organized and ensure that you cover all important aspects of the literature.Here"s a suggested outline:a.Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and the purpose of the summary.b.Objective: State the research question or objective of the study.c.Methods: Summarize the study design and methodology.d.Results: Present the main findings, focusing on key statistics.e.Conclusion: Summarize the authors" interpretation and implications of the results.f.Key Points: Highlight any notable or controversial aspects of the study.g.Critique (optional): Provide a brief critique of the study, discussing strengths and limitations.4.Writing Style and Language:When summarizing medical English literature, it is important to maintain a clear, concise, and objective writing e the active voice, avoid jargon, and explain any complex terms orconcepts.Additionally, ensure proper grammar, punctuation, and syntax to enhance readability.5.Citing Sources:Accurately cite the sources you have summarized to give credit to the original authors.Follow the appropriate citation style, such as APA or AMA, to maintain academic integrity.6.Reviewing and Editing:After completing the initial draft of your summary, take the time to review and edit it.Check for clarity, coherence, and accuracy.Ensure that your summary captures the essence of the original literature withoutdistorting the authors" intentions.Conclusion:Summarizing medical English literature is a valuable skill that requires careful attention to detail and a clear understanding of the subject matter.By following the guidelines provided in this document, you will be well-equipped to create accurate, concise, and effective summaries that contribute to the medical community"s knowledge base.。
英文文献阅读总结汇报
英文文献阅读总结汇报英文文献阅读总结汇报I have recently read a research paper titled "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Job Market" which was published in the Journal of Economic Perspectives. The paper explores the potential implications of the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the job market and investigates whether the introduction of AI technologies will lead to widespread unemployment or not.The authors of this paper argue that while AI technologies have the potential to automate certain tasks that are currently performed by humans, they are unlikely to result in mass unemployment. They support their argument by providing empirical evidence from historical technological advancements, such as the Industrial Revolution, which also raised concerns about job displacement but ultimately resulted in new job opportunities.One of the key findings of the study is that AI technologies are more likely to complement human labor rather than replace it entirely. The authors highlight that AI can enhance productivity and efficiency in many industries by taking over repetitive and mundane tasks, thereby allowing workers to focus on more complex and creative aspects of their jobs. They also argue that the introduction of AI technologies will create new jobs and industries that have not yet been envisioned.Moreover, the paper discusses the concept of "technological unemployment" and distinguishes between "task-replacing" and "task-enhancing" technologies. Task-replacing technologies arethose that automate activities previously performed by humans, while task-enhancing technologies improve productivity and support workers in performing their tasks more efficiently. The authors argue that AI technologies fall more into the category of task-enhancing, as they are designed to assist and augment human labor rather than completely replace it.Additionally, the paper addresses the concerns regarding job polarization, where the middle-class jobs are replaced by AI technologies, leading to income inequality. The authors argue that while AI may indeed replace certain routine jobs, it also has the potential to create new high-skilled jobs that require expertise in AI and related fields. They emphasize the importance of education and skill development to ensure workers can adapt to the changing job market and take advantage of new opportunities.Overall, this research paper provides valuable insights into the impact of AI on the job market. It challenges the commonly held belief that AI technologies will lead to widespread unemployment and instead provides evidence to support the idea that AI can enhance productivity and create new job opportunities.In conclusion, the study underscores the need for a balanced perspective on the impact of AI technologies. While there may be some job displacement, the introduction of AI also presents significant opportunities for economic growth and improved productivity. It emphasizes the importance of education and skill development to ensure workers are equipped to adapt to the changing job market. Further research on this topic is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the long-term implications of AItechnologies on the job market and to develop effective policies to mitigate potential challenges.。
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Implications for culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS family nursing practice
stigmatization of women,, marriage, child-rearing practices, health perceptions of illness and dying, inheritance practices, gender roles, religious practice
famly interventions
HIV/AIDS disease trajectory
Implications for the HIV/AIDSs disease trajectory
I：a family is vulnerable to HIV and family members are likely to engage in HIV risk behaviors or may be subjected to exploitation or abuse, increasing the risk of HIV exposure III: When the HIV-positive family member, whose serostatus may or may not have been known becomes symptomatic withAIDS, an AIDS-related illness and is less able to engage in productive labor activities and fulfill expected family roles and functions
Insufficient
The Definition of concept is not very clear No explicit HIV/AIDS regular partners and spouses with single positive family intervention
A call for designing culturally
knowledge about the different cultural dimensions and how they apply to specific family groups affected by HIV/AIDS is crucial in designing and implementing culturally sensitive and appropriate HIV/AIDS-FIs
Data sources
Literature review
Analysis summary
Research methods
conception
family as a group of persons united by ties of marriage,blood, or adoption to improve family functioning outcomes among families affected with HIV/AIDS while recognizi social ecology of the family system across three differentdimensions, namely, family education and support, family psycho-educational, and family therapy. a disease trajectory is a series of events/situations that occur and are experienced by the family system during an illness
appropriate HIV/AIDS family interventionsacross
the disease trajectory.
感谢批评指正
II: When the first asymptomatic HIV positive family member has informed one or more other family members of his or her HIV Status
IV: When a family experiences an AIDS death, particularly when it is a parent who dies and dependent children are orphaned
Nurses should be involved in multidisciplinary local, national, and global HIV/AIDS policy development and analysis.
innovation
A conceptual definition ofHIV/AIDS family intervention
This article presents a discussion of the role of family interventions in HIV/AIDS prevention and care. It is essential for researchers and practitioners to effectively manage family processes that modify risks and promote protective factors at all levels of prevention Demonstrate a push for family-focused prevention and management strategies that capture the increased incidence and prevalence of HIV,illness, and AIDS death among household members and their extended families
Discussion
Any proposed design of HIV/AIDS family intervention should consider the impact of HIV/AIDS on the family across the family life span, disease trajectory, and from an interdisciplinary perspective.
Conclusion Training needs of family nurses should be met when designing multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS-FIs.The review offers insights that include attention to the role of the family system and its subsystems across the chronic disease trajectory
Background
HIV/AIDS family-focused prevention and management strategies are increasingly becomingapriority.However,little is known as to what constitutes a HIV/AIDS family intervention.
Keywords
01
conceptal definition
03
HIV/AIDS
06
family nursing practice
02
family
04
disease trajectory
05
family intervent ions
Introduction
The global HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact on societies has been traditionally measured in terms of individual risk behaviours and individuallevel HIV prevention interventions
A discussion of HIV/AIDS family interventions: implications for family-focused nursing practice
contents
Abstract
Aim
This article presents a discussion on the role of family interventions in HIV/AIDS disease prevention and care.