虚拟语气2
虚拟语气2
5. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人 谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气的委婉。 It would be better for you not to staind enough to open the door?
虚拟语气句型
8. It’s necessary/important that sb. (should) do sth. With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer.
She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.
He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那 么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈 述语气。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
虚拟语气句型
4. If + only 引起的感叹句， 相当于“How I wish + 宾语从句” “但愿…… , 要是……就好了” If only he could come!
I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
2. 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的
宾语从句中，常见的动词有：
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
【英语学习方法】英语语法 虚拟语气2
【英语学习方法】英语语法虚拟语气2虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might 动词原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might have 过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should 动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might 动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have 的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
虚拟语气2
Attention:
5、6两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
It’s a pity that you can’t dance. --- Peter is John’s brother. --- It’s no wonder that he looks like John.
虚拟语气的特殊形式 虚拟语气形式
It is high time the child ________ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent
本课小结
一、 虚拟语气形式 用(should) + do的情况 二、 虚拟语气形式 将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况
practice
1. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing
虚拟语气 (2)
与将来事实相反 虚拟条件句 主句
should/would/ did should do could/might were to do +do
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
Eg: If you___hard at school, you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have been; could be
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
（2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示 与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主 观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用 were）。 I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。 I wish I knew the answer to the question.
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
虚拟语气2
→If the sun hadn’t been in the right direction, the photographs wouldn’t have come out very well.
4 Since I know the meaning of the word, I don’t have to look it up.
2 The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.
→If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
3 As the sun was in the right direction, the photographs came out very well.
一、wish 后的宾语从句 1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish … 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes …
1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish I knew his address. 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes she hadn’t said it.
They require that I (should) go at once. 他们要求我立刻走。 He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他坚持要他女儿来。 四、用于主语从句中 在主语从句中，虚拟语气“should + 动 词原形”或将should 省略只用动词原形。 这种主语从句由连词that引导t is going to snow.仿佛 要下雪。（事实上马上就要下雪。） It seems as if the boy has lost his way. 这个男孩好像迷了路。（事实 上男孩真可能迷路了。）
Day 10(虚拟语气2)
Subjunctive mood
2. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
you would meet John already you won’t have missed John you will have met John you would have met John.
Subjunctive mood
3. Supposing this ship ___, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all passengers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Was sinking Has sunk Were to sink e not were it not will make
Subjunctive mood
5. The teacher suggested that each student ___ a plan for the vacation.
A.
B. C. D.
made make makes will make
Subjunctive mood
4. The insect would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ___ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
A. B. C. D.
观察与对比
If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him then. If you had come earlier yesterday, you would not be criticized by the manager this morning.
虚拟语气2should+v
Practice
1. He B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B.must
C.wouldn't
D.can't
3. It is requested that the meeting (should) be put off.
主语从句
4. His suggestion was that you (should) try once more.
表语从句
5. She made the demand that the journalists leave at once for Iraq.
wouldn't have done 本不会做而做了 couldn't have done 本不能够做而做了 needn’t have done 本没必要丛而做了
Grammar is logical !
区别“本系列” & 情态动词对过去的推测
must have done:过去一定做过某事 can/ could have done: 过去可能做过某事 may/might have done：过去可能做郭某事（could have done比might have done语气更强） couldn’t have done：过去不可能做过某事
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
2. It is strange _th_a_t_h_e_s_h_o_u_ld__b_e_co_m__e_m__y_fr_ie_n_d_.(become) 他竟然成为我的朋友，真是奇怪。
虚拟语气2
他坚决要求我到场。(insist)
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。(order)
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(request)
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
We suggested that
Tom （should）have a rest.
他坚决要求我到场。
He insisted that I (should ) be present.
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required…. that从句中用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come today. I would rather you came tomorrow.
4. as if /though + 从句
现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。
虚拟语气二
It’s 你该走了。 high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了 It’s time that we went to bed. 。 It’s time that we should go to bed.
• 8.(2003上海春季高考题 上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble 上海春季高考题 I am in! If only I ________ your advice. • A.followed B.would follow • C.had followed D.should follow • 9.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. ， ’ • A.hadn’t spoken B.shouldn’t ’ ’ speak • C.wouldn’t speak D.not speak ’
虚拟语气
3. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱 though his 吃得饱), 吃得饱 parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 5. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
2虚拟语气
虚拟语气( Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气表示所说的话不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、疑惑、条件或与事实相反的情况。
e.g. I wish it were over.If she had time today, she would come.It’s necessary that we should start at once.虚拟语气不只是表达“假设”与“空想”，它还可以用来表达猜测、建议，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，是一种委婉的语气。
e.g. If I had seen her yesterday, I should have spoken to her, but I did not see her.He suggested that we (should) come another day.If you kept on, you would succeed.一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句( If从句及主句)中的形式及其使用1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件状语从句If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.If I were you, I shouldn’t believe that.2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从句e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If you had come earlier, you would/ might have met him.If he had been here last week, he would have helped you.3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件状语从句e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.If they made that mistake again, they would be punishedIf he were here, everything would be all right.注意：主句中第一人称后多用should, 但美英中多用would.4）虚拟语气条件句时态的交错用法：当从句与主句的动作不是同时发生时，这时就要分别根据各自发生的时间，选用相对的虚拟语气。
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气（2）一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一“坚持” (insist) ,二“命令” (order, command) ,四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , + (that) sb (should) do ...五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire)(that) sb / sth (should) be done【翻译】我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚持要我与他同行。
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
老师要求作业要及时完成。
2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用（should ）do1）It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2）The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.3）The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.【熟记下列句型】*It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded …that …(should) do *The / One’s insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that …(should) do*a / the suggestion / request (等) that … (should) do…3. wish 的宾语从句与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Wish 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原(不用should)二、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would ratherI would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news yesterday.与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Would rather 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: 一般过去时2. as if / as though1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he______(own) the house.He behaves as if he ______ (be) the owner of the house.2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)She talked about Rome as though she __________ (be) there herself.3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
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虚拟语气The subjunctive mood1. 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2. 在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
2.1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。
时态关系句型:If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
If you leave now, the earth still travels around the sun.步骤：先判断该句子是真实还是非真实如是非真实，判断其是与现在事实相反，还是过去，将来。
2.2 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设时态关系：句型:If they ____(be) here, they ____(help) you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设时态关系：句型：1）If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded. 2）The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.3）If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.4）If he had come yesterday, Ishould / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.5）If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：E.g.1) If you succeeded, everything would be all right.2) If you should succeed,everything would be all right.3) If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.3. 混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).4. 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
1）W ere they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.2）Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.If he were here, everything would be all right.典型例题_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had +主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说W ere I not to do., 而不能说W eren't I to do.5. 特殊的虚拟语气词：should1）It is demanded / suggested/important/necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
结构常用词：(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange，a pity, a shame,no wonder+ (should) doE.g. It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request,insist, command, insist + (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错:( )You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. ( ) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.( ) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.( )I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6. wish的用法1）wish后面的从句表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式为：现在wish 后过过去wish 后过去完成时将来wish 后would/could/+动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
7. 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。
Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。
8. It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.9.need "不必做"和"本不该做"didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
.needn't have done表示：过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。