土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering

development organization 建设单位

design organization 设计单位

construction organization 施工单位

reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土

pile 桩

steel structure 钢结构

aluminium alloy 铝合金

masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体

permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板

retaining wall 挡土墙

finish 装修

finishing material装修材料

ventilation 通风

natural ~ 自然通风

mechanical ~ 机械通风

diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙

villa 别墅

moment of inertia 惯性矩

torque 扭矩

stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力

strain 应变

age hardening 时效硬化

air-conditioning system空调系统

(air) void ration（土）空隙比

albery壁厨，壁龛

a l mery壁厨，贮藏室

anchorage length锚固长度

antiseismic joint 防震缝

architectural appearance 建筑外观

architectural area 建筑面积

architectural design 建筑设计

fiashing 泛水

workability (placeability) 和易性

safety glass安全玻璃

tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃

asphalt沥青

felt (malthoid) 油毡

riveted connection 铆接

welding焊接

screwed connection 螺栓连接

oakum 麻刀，麻丝

tee三通管

tap存水弯

esthetics美学

formwork 模板（工程）

shoring 支撑

batching 配料

slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工

lfit-slab construction 升板法施工

mass concrete 大体积混凝土

terrazzo水磨石

construction joint 施工缝

honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面

piled foundation桩基

deep foundation 深基础

shallow foundation浅基础

foundation depth基础埋深

pad foundation独立基础

strip foundation 条形基础

raft foundation筏基

box foundation箱形基础

BSMT=basement 地下室

lift 电梯electric elevator

lift well电梯井

escalator 自动扶梯

Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ

Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E

safety coefficient 安全系数

fatigue failure 疲劳破坏

bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力

two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋

reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板

single way slab单向板

window blind 窗帘sun blind

wind load 风荷载

curing 养护

watertight concrete 防水混凝土

white cement白水泥

separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete

mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝

pilaster 壁柱

fire rating耐火等级

fire brick 耐火砖

standard brick标准砖

terra cotta 琉璃瓦

mosaic 马赛克

ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tile

ceramic tile 瓷砖

rubble wall毛石墙

marble 大理石,大理岩

granite 花岗石,花岗岩

ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产

reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentage

reinforcing work钢筋工程

residential building居住建筑

rigid foundation刚性基础

roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园

roof live load 屋面活荷载

rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石

sand cushion砂垫层

saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗

scaffold 脚手架

sill窗台

silty soil粉质土

single door单扇门

double door双扇门

single reinforcemen单筋t

sliding door推拉门

sliding window水平推拉窗

staircase楼梯间

stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手

stair step楼梯踏步

stair string (er)楼梯梁

stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板

store room贮藏室

structural drawings结构图

soft substratum软弱下卧层

sun louver 遮阳板

supporting block 支座

supporting layer持力层

tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcement

terrace roof 平屋顶

thermal insulation隔热

through ventilation穿堂风

timber structure 木结构wood structure

toilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池

tracing paper描图纸

lawn 草坪

treatment of elevation立面处理

drawing board 绘图板

triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验

tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架

uniformly distributed load均布荷载

unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽

valley天沟

ventilating skylight 通风天窗

waterproof barrier 防水层aquatard

Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论

Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理

foundation pressure 基底压力

span 跨度

specific gravity比重

quicklime生石灰,氧化钙

hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰

hydration 水化作用

plaster of Paris熟石膏

portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥

portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂

retarding admixture缓凝剂

water-reducing agent减水剂

air-entrained agent 加气剂

slump坍落度

water-cement ratio水灰比w/c

architectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图

architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图

arc welding 电弧焊

stress concentration 应力集中

multi storied building 多层建筑

settlement of foundation 地基沉降