1. 虚拟语气
虚拟语气总结
虚拟语气总结虚拟语气是指在表达某种假设、愿望、建议、要求、命令等语境下，表示与事实相反或不确定的情况。
它在语法上通常通过动词的形式、时态或其他语法手段来反映。
在本文中，我们将对虚拟语气进行总结和探讨。
一、虚拟语气形式1. 虚拟语气的主要形式有三种：过去时的虚拟、与过去事实相反的情况下的虚拟和对现在或将来的非事实情况的虚拟。
2. 过去时的虚拟：过去时的虚拟主要用于表示对现在或将来情况的否定假设。
常见的情况包括：与现在相反的假设、对未来的假设、对现在或过去的怀疑等。
例如：“如果我有足够的时间，我会去旅行。
”这里的“我有足够的时间”是一个假设情况。
3. 与过去事实相反的情况下的虚拟：与过去事实相反的情况下的虚拟主要用于表示不可能实现的愿望、建议、要求等。
例如：“要是我会弹吉他，我就能在演唱会上表演了。
”这里的“要是我会弹吉他”是与过去事实相反的假设情况。
4. 对现在或将来的非事实情况的虚拟：对现在或将来的非事实情况的虚拟主要用于表示对现实情况的否定、愿望或命令等。
例如：“如果我是你，我会好好珍惜机会。
”这里的“如果我是你”表示的是一个对现实情况的否定假设。
二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表示假设：虚拟语气常用于表达假设情况。
例如：“要是明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。
”这里的“要是明天下雨”是条件状语从句，使用的是与现在或将来相反的虚拟语气。
2. 表示愿望：虚拟语气也经常用于表达愿望。
例如：“但愿我能赢得比赛。
”这里的“但愿我能赢得比赛”表示的是希望，但并不一定会实现。
3. 表示建议和要求：虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议和要求。
例如：“我建议你好好休息，不要工作太晚。
”这里的“我建议你好好休息”是对对方的建议。
4. 表示命令和禁止：虚拟语气也可用于表示命令和禁止。
例如：“要求学生们不要在教室里吃东西。
”这里的“不要在教室里吃东西”是对学生们的命令。
三、虚拟语气的注意事项1. 虚拟语气在使用时需遵循一定的语法规则，例如在条件状语从句中，谓语动词需使用过去式的形式。
9.18.虚拟语气(1)
I wish I _h_a_d_n_'t__e_at_e_n(eat) so much watermelon yesterday.
as if/as though 虚拟用法同wish
他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。
He treats me as if I _w_e_r_e a stranger.
• 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
Types
1. If 型
与现在事实相反虚拟
If I were a bird, I would have two wings. If I had two wings, I could fly in the sky.
He talks about Rome as if he
_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_(be) there before.
if only 虚拟用法同wish:
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气
高考命题趋势
高考对虚拟语气的考查侧重于：在非真 实条件状语从句中的使用，含蓄条件 句中的用法，名词从句中的用法及一 些特殊句式中的用法。今后高考仍然 会重视对虚拟语气句型的考查，而且 试题语境会更灵活，考查角度更加多 样化。我们要在语境中准确理解运用 。
知识目标
1 会使用if 条件句中虚拟语气句式 2 能使用虚拟语气的几种特殊句式造句
虚拟语气用法总结
概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这 种形式称为语气。语气分三种： 1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有 肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。
He is late for class. What fun!
He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告 等（动词常用原形） Don’t be late！ 3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假 设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
2.If I were you, I would accept his advice. Were I you,……
3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,
（或用could have done） 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do/be
I wish (that)he_w_o_u_ld_/_c_ou_l_d_/m__ig_h_t v_i_si(tvisit) us tomorrow.
I wish (that) he__v_i_si_te_d___(visit)us today. I wish he_h_a_d_v_i_si_t_ed__u_s/_c_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_v_is_i_te_d__u_s (visit) us yIfeosntelyrdyaoyu. __h_a_d_li_s_te_n_e_d___ （listen)to our advice!
英语：高考虚拟语气专项练习60题(附答案) (1)
一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
虚拟语气用法详1
虚拟语气用法详解一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us abou t it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know yo u well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroa d. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
英语虚拟语气讲解
英语虚拟语气讲解语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）Should would, might，could+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形should（would, might，could）+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。
表示后悔。
）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。
表示感激。
）3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
1.虚拟语气
(should) come • My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. 表语从句
• All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (should) be (be)closed down. 同位语从句
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.
If虚拟句的倒装
万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。
In case of rain, In case it rains, If it should rain, Should it rain,
A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive
名词性从句中的虚拟 语气及几种虚拟语气 特殊句型
1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气
一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。 即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。
1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed C. Were he passed B. Had he passed D. If he should pass
高三英语虚拟语气
5. It’s (high) time句型：当It’s time后用 that从句时应该为： 主语＋should＋原形 主语＋过去时 eg: 1) It’s time that you went to school. 2) It’s time that you should go to school.
色。
3) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
7) If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8) If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。
If条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反
did(be动词 would(或could, should, might) do 用were)
had done
would(或could, should, might) have done
did(were) 与将来事实相反或 should do would(或could, should, might) do 可能相反 were to do
Suggest 表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气
eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.
He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.
英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法
英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法结构，用来表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与过去相反的假设、愿望、建议等。
掌握虚拟语气的构成和用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。
一、虚拟语气的构成1. 虚拟语气的构成主要包括以下几种形式：动词的过去式、be动词的过去式（were）、should + 动词原形、would + 动词原形、had + 过去分词、were to + 动词原形等。
例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）- It's high time that he went to bed.（他早该睡觉了。
）- I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望我有更多的时间旅行。
）2. 虚拟语气的构成还可以通过连词或短语来表达，如：as if, as though, suppose, if only, would rather等。
例如：- He spoke as if he were the boss.（他说话的口气好像他是老板。
）- I wish you would come to my party.（我希望你能来参加我的派对。
）二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达与现在事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与现在事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I were you, I would quit that job.（如果我是你，我会辞掉那份工作。
）- I wish I had more money.（我希望我有更多的钱。
）2. 表达与过去事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与过去事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。
）- I wish I had known about the party earlier.（我希望我早点知道这个派对。
虚拟语气的用法分类
虚拟语气虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块： I.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 II .非真实条件从句中的虚拟语气种类 1. 三种基本态 2. 倒装虚拟句 3. 混时虚拟句 4. 含蓄虚拟句 5. 跳层虚拟句III .其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/it^s high time …/if only …/as if …） I 、名词从句虚拟语气（1） ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge 等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should ）+动词原形， eg. I suggest / suggested that we （should ） go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气例如： Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention （讨论）at the meeting, （discuss ） （10 湖北 76） 答案：（should ） be discussed（2） It is +（形容词/过去分词/特定名词）+that 的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等 词汇。
形容词：astonishing , amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important , imperative, keen, necessary , natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange , sorry, shocked, surprising , urgent, unusual, vital 等。
虚拟语气的三种情况
虚拟语气的三种情况在英语的语法世界中，虚拟语气就像是一个神秘而独特的存在，它为我们表达那些非真实、假设、愿望或与事实相反的情况提供了一种特别的方式。
虚拟语气主要有三种情况，每一种都有其特定的用法和规则。
第一种情况是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
当我们想要表达一种与现在的实际情况相反的假设或愿望时，就会用到这种虚拟语气。
比如说，如果我是一只鸟，我就能自由飞翔。
但现实是，我不是鸟，也不能自由飞翔。
在这个句子中，“我是一只鸟”就是与现在事实相反的假设，其结构是“if ＋主语＋ were，主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
这里用“were”而不是“was”，是因为在虚拟语气中，不管主语是单数还是复数，be 动词都用“were”。
再比如，如果我有很多钱，我会买一栋大房子。
但实际情况是我没有很多钱，所以也买不了大房子。
这个句子的结构也是“if ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were），主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
第二种情况是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
当我们在回顾过去，想象事情如果不是那样发生会怎样时，就会用到这种虚拟语气。
举个例子，如果我昨天认真复习了，我今天就能通过考试。
可事实是昨天我没有认真复习，所以今天也没能通过考试。
在这个句子中，“我昨天认真复习了”是与过去事实相反的假设，其结构是“if ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词，主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
又比如，如果他当时听了我的建议，就不会犯那个错误了。
但过去他没有听我的建议，所以犯了错。
这也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，遵循同样的结构。
第三种情况是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
这种情况通常是对未来可能发生但不太可能实现的情况进行假设。
比如，如果明天天下雨，我们就取消旅行。
但实际上明天是否下雨还不确定，只是一种假设。
其结构有两种，一种是“if ＋主语＋ were to ＋动词原形，主语＋would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”，另一种是“if ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原形，主语＋ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”。
虚拟语气用法
虚拟语气用法虚拟语气，又称“虚拟假设语气”，是指说话者或写作者在表达某种情况时，通过使用特定的语法形式来表示这种情况实际上并不存在或者与事实相反。
虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，它可以用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令、推测等多种语境。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的各种用法及例句。
一、假设与现实相反的情况虚拟语气常用于表示与现实相反的情况或假设。
在这种情况下，谓语动词常以“would/could/should + 动词原形”或“were + 主语”等形式出现。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设：If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我有钱，我会环游世界。
If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.如果她学得更努力，她本来可以通过考试的。
2. 虚拟语气用于愿望：I wish I were taller.我希望我更高一些。
I wish you wouldn't be late for the meeting.我希望你不要迟到开会。
3. 虚拟语气用于建议：I suggest that he should see a doctor.我建议他去看医生。
It is recommended that every student study English.建议每个学生都学习英语。
二、与过去事实相反的情况虚拟语气还常用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
在这种情况下，主要使用“had + 过去分词”形式或其他相应的虚拟语气结构。
1. 虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的条件：If he had arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.如果他早点到，他就能赶上火车了。
If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.如果我知道你要来，我就会准备晚餐了。
英语虚拟语气(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析
一般过去时，主句中用 would+动词的原形。故选 D。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
30．I’ m so busy. If I time, I travel around. A．have; would B．have; could C．had; would D．had; will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是
25．If I you, I’d keep quiet and listen carefully in class.
A．am
B．will be
C．were
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析： 与现在事实相反：条件从句用动词过去式，主句用 would/could/should/might+
动 词 原 形 ； 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 ： 条 件 从 句 用 had done ， 主 句 用
考点：考查虚拟语气。
28．If I a boss, I would manage a big factory. A．are B．was C．were D．be 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是老板，我会经营一家大型工厂。由句意可知，此句是虚拟语 气，if 引导的从句应该用过去式的形式，其中第一人称用 were，故答案为 C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。
假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中
才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，
不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设
是与哪个事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be 通常用 were），主句谓语用“should
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气是汉语语法中的一种用法，用来表达说话者对某种假设、猜测、愿望或虚拟情况的语气。
虚拟语气在汉语中有多种形式和用法，包括假设虚拟语气、愿望虚拟语气、建议虚拟语气和感叹虚拟语气等。
下面将针对这些不同的虚拟语气用法进行归纳和解释。
一、假设虚拟语气假设虚拟语气用在表示假设、猜测、推测等情况下，常常使用“要是……就好了”、“如果……就好了”、“要是……就好了”等结构。
例如：“要是明天不下雨就好了。
”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对未来可能出现的情况的假设和愿望。
二、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用在表示对未来或现在不可能实现的愿望、希望和要求的情况下，常常使用“但愿……”、“要是……就好了”、“愿……”等结构。
例如：“要是我有一百万就好了。
”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对现实或未来可能发生的愿望和期待。
三、建议虚拟语气建议虚拟语气用在表示对某种建议、劝告和命令的情况下，常常使用“不如……吧”、“要是你……”、“也许……”等结构。
例如：“你要是想学好汉语，不如多多练习口语。
”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对别人的建议、劝告和命令。
四、感叹虚拟语气感叹虚拟语气用在表示对事实、现象或情况的感叹和惊讶的情况下，常常使用“真是……”、“竟然……”、“简直……”等结构。
例如：“他简直就是个天才。
”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对事实或现象的感叹和惊讶。
虚拟语气是汉语中一种灵活多样的语法用法，能够很好地表达说话者对不同情况的假设、愿望、建议和感叹。
熟练运用虚拟语气，可以使语言表达更加生动丰富，增强语言的表现力和感染力。
虚拟语气讲义(15个句式)
虚拟语气讲义1．虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。
(表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负.eg. I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机，如果我有手机的话，和别人联系就方便的多了。
eg. If I were in your position, I would think better of it .如果我处在你现在的境地，我会重新考虑然后放弃。
2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。
eg. What a pity it is that you didn’t attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。
如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。
eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same= If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if he refused ), it wouldn’t matter 万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系.eg. If you shouldn’t pa ss the college entrance examination, what would you do?万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可省去if，可将主语与这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句。
英语写作中怎么正确使用虚拟语气
英语写作中怎么正确使用虚拟语气在英语写作中，虚拟语气是一种用于表达假设、愿望、建议、要求或怀疑的语气。
虚拟语气通常包括虚拟条件句和虚拟语气动词。
下面是如何正确使用虚拟语气的一些建议：1.表达假设：虚拟语气通常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I were you, I would go to the doctor.（如果我是你，我会去看医生。
）在这些句子中，虚拟条件句使用了"were"和"had"，而不是实际的"am"和"have"，来表达与事实相反的假设情况。
2.表达愿望：当表达愿望时，也可以使用虚拟语气。
例如：- I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。
）- I wish I could speak French fluently.（我希望我能流利地说法语。
）这些句子中，使用了虚拟语气动词"were"和"could"来表达与现实相反的愿望情况。
3.表达建议或要求：虚拟语气也可以用于表达建议、要求或提议。
例如：- I suggest that you take a break.（我建议你休息一下。
）- It is important that he study hard.（他努力学习很重要。
）这些句子中，主句使用了should或动词原形，而从句使用了虚拟语气动词来表示建议、要求或提议。
4.表达怀疑：虚拟语气也可以用于表示怀疑或否定的情况。
例如：- It is doubtful that he will pass the exam.（他能否通过考试还有待商榷。
）- I don't believe that she has won the lottery.（我不相信她中了彩票。
）这些句子中，使用了虚拟语气动词来表达怀疑或否定的情况。
在使用虚拟语气时，还应注意以下几点：1.主要部分使用虚拟语气：在表示假设、愿望、建议、要求或怀疑的句子中，主要部分应使用虚拟语气，而次要部分则使用实际语气。
英语虚拟语气三种时态
英语虚拟语气三种时态虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语气形式，用于表达与事实相反或不可能实现的假设、愿望、建议、命令等。
虚拟语气主要包括三种时态，分别是过去时态的虚拟语气、现在时态的虚拟语气和将来时态的虚拟语气。
一、过去时态的虚拟语气过去时态的虚拟语气用于表示与过去事实相反的假设或愿望。
在这种情况下，我们使用"were"来代替所有人称的"was"。
例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）- If he hadn't been late, he would have caught the train.（如果他没有迟到，他就会赶上火车。
）二、现在时态的虚拟语气现在时态的虚拟语气用于表示与现在事实相反的假设或愿望。
在这种情况下，我们使用"be"的过去式"were"，而不管主语是什么人称。
例如：- If I were you, I would go to the party.（如果我是你，我会去参加派对。
）- I wish I were taller.（我希望我能更高一点。
）三、将来时态的虚拟语气将来时态的虚拟语气用于表示与将来事实相反的假设或愿望。
在这种情况下，我们使用"would"来表示假设，并结合"be"的过去式"were"。
例如：- If it rained tomorrow, I wouldn't go hiking.（如果明天下雨，我不会去远足。
）- If I were you, I would take the job offer.（如果我是你，我会接受这份工作的邀请。
）总结：虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语法形式，通过使用不同的时态来表示与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议等。
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虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
条件状语从句分类条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn't hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。
（真实）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。
（真实）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。
（我不可能是你。
非真实，虚拟语气）If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。
（不可能没空气。
非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式第一部分 IF引导的虚拟句式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If 主语+过去时(be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（不知道）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If 主语+ had + done 主句：主语+should/would/could/ might + have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句：主语+ should + do从句：①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should/would/could/ might + do③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/wereIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（来的可能性很小）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（下雪可能性很小）If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
（来的可能性很小）4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
（2005-15；2007-7；2011-2）Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
第二部分其他特殊情况下的虚拟语气6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如but/but for, or，in that case, without, otherwise等。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
（2003-15）Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、虚拟条件句中主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句：He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
②省略主句：If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
8、注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
(2014.15)If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
9、would rather, had rather, would sooner等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：(2006.7; 2010.1)(1)表示现在或将来的愿望：用一般过去时（did/were）I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
(2)表过去的愿望：用过去完成时（had + done）I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
10、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，谓语动词须用虚拟语气从句虚拟语气结构：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词过去式或+ should + do（should 不可省，且优先使用动词过去式）It is time for sb. to do sth.It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
It is（the first / second / third…）time that 从句谓语动词用have doneIt was（the first / second / third…）time that 从句谓语动词用had done11、if only…若是…该多好啊；真希望…与现在事实相反，从句谓语：did / were与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had done If only she had lived a little longer.could have done If only she could have lived a little longer.将来可能性不大，从句谓语：would /could / should / might +do12、as if, as though有时候引导虚拟语气(2003.6)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词：did / were与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词：had done将来可能性不大，从句谓语动词：would /could / should / might +do13、wish 后宾语从句（1）与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用did/wereI wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。
(事实：我根本比不上你)（2）与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had + doneI wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。
（事实：那时还不知道）（3）将来难以实现的愿望。
谓语动词用would /could / should / might + 动词原形I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。
（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）14、名词性从句中的虚拟语气主语从句：it is + adj + that结构真题回顾20036. He talked as if he _____there before.A. used to beB. wasC. had beenD. had gone15. But for his kind help, I ______this experiment so quickly.A. shouldn’t be finishing B couldn’t finish C. hadn’t finished D. wouldn’t have finished 200414. If it in the early April, the crops wouldn’t be growing so well now.A. didn’t rainB. wasn’t rainedC. hadn’t rainedD. was not raining200515. ______ harder, you would have passed this exam.A. Were you workedB. Had you workedC. If you workedD. If you have worked 20067. I’d rather you make nay comment on the issue for the time being.A. won’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. didn’t20077. Had Mark coached the women football team instead of George, we more games.A. would winB. would have wonC. had wonD. will win20086. harder, you would have passed this exam.A. If you have workedB. If you workedC. Were you to workD. Had you worked 20101. Well, I would rather your sister tomorrow than today.A. will comeB. comesC. cameD. come10. It is essential that people enough vitamins every day.A. haveB. hadC. must haveD. will have20112. _____, John would have told you about it.A. If he has known itB. Had he known itC. If he knew itD. Should he know it7. If weather______, the students will go outing on Sunday.A. permitsB. is permittedC. will be permittedD. will permit201211. –Did you listen to the speech?–No. We it, but we had lots of traffic on the way.A. could have attendedB. must have attendedC. didn’t attendD. hadn’t attended虚拟语气习题精选1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.A. would finishB. must have finishedC. would have finishedD. had finished2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.A. writeB. writtenC. would writeD. will write4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.A. would passB. could passC. had passedD. would have passed5.I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.A. knowB. knownC. knewD. should know6.It is important that you ___ sports every day.A. haveB. would haveC. must haveD. will have7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.A. will dieB. would dieC. would have diedD. would have been dead8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.A. should finishB. finishedC. would be finishedD. be finished10.—Shall we go to the movie tonight?—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay11. ___ in your position, I would help him.A. Was IB. Were IC. If I amD. If I had been12. I ___, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.A. mean to comeB. meant to comeC. had meant to comeD. meant coming13. Mrs Black insists___ in that old hotel.A. not to stayB. not stayingC. staying notD. that she not stay14. If you had spoken clearly, you would___.A. understand itB. have understoodC. be understoodD. have been understood15. If you ___ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.A. haven't watchedB. hadn't watchedC. didn't watchD. wouldn't have watched 1-5 CCADC6-10 ABADA11-15 BCDDB1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.A. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.A. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____.A. can; itB. /; /C. would; itD. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; should beD. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the SARS soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. wouldB. should haveC. mayD. have14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A. I amB. I would beC. I wasD. I were15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.A. would lendB. would have lentC. could lendD. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?” --- “No, but I wish I _____”A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____.A. I may have failedB. I’d failC. I’d have failedD. I’ll have failed19. -- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” -- “I don’t know, but it’s high time ____ something.”A. I’m decidingB. I’ll decideC. I decidedD. I decide20. What would we do if it _____ tomorrow?A. should snowB. would snowC. snowD. will snow21. If only I _____ my watch!A. hadn’t lostB. haven’t lostC. didn’t lostD. don’t lose22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A. may not makeB. might not makeC. shouldn’t have madeD. might not have made23. We _____ the work on time without your help.A. hadn’t had finishedB. didn’t have finishedC. couldn’t have finishedD. can’t have finished24. -- “Where have you been?” --“I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”A. I would be hereB. I have been hereC. I had been hereD. I would have been here25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should be26. It’s high time that we ___ to school.A. would toB. wentC. goD. will go27. It seems as if it ___ rain.A. will toB. is going toC. is toD. were28. I’d rather you ___ right away.A. leaveB. leftC. will leaveD. to leave29. He is working hard for fear that he ___.A. failsB. failedC. would failD. fail30. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.A. has been marriedB. has marriedC. be marriedD. would marry31. Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say?A. acceptB. acceptedC. should acceptD. would accept32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended34. He insisted that he ___ me before.A. seeB. should seeC. had seenD. saw35. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.A. wereB. would beC. have beenD. had been36. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.A. would have lostB. should loseC. might loseD. could have lost37. -- I thought you would come back tomorrow.-- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.A. don’t haveB. didn’t haveC. will not haveD. would not have38. He wishes ___ mistakes.A. he doesn’t always makeB. he isn’t always makingC. he didn’t always makeD. he wouldn’t always making39. It ___ very nice if only it were possible.A. will beB. would beC. isD. were40. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.A. won’t winB. will loseC. wouldn’t have wonD. can’t win41. I wish I ___ what to do.A. knewB. have knownC. knowD. would know42. ___, I would take an umbrella with me.A. Had I been youB. I were youC. Were I youD. I had been you43. If I had hurried, I ___ the train.A. would catchB. could catchC. would have caughtD. had caught44. Tom insisted that John ___ it for no one was in the room except him.A. doB. doesC. didD. would do45. It is high time we ___ off.A. areB. wereC. beD. will be46. He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.A. needsB. were neededC. neededD. need47. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speakD. to speak48. James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.A. sawB. seeC. had been seenD. had seen49. I wish ___ since I have so much work to do tomorrow.A. he leftB. he leaves me aloneC. he be leftD. he would leave me alone50. If I had known that, I ___ so.A. wouldn’t doB. woul dn’t have doneC. won’t doD. have not done51. The doctor proposed that she ___.A. will not smokeB. not smokeC. would not smokeD. did not smoke52. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.A. beB. amC. wasD. were53. You talk as if you ___ there.A. were reallyB. has really beenC. had really beenD. would really be54. He suggested that the work ___ at once.A. would startedB. would be startedC. should startedD. should be started55. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.A. will happenB. happensC. should happenD. happened56. It is imperative that you ___ on time.A. areB. will beC. beD. would be57. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went58. It is time we ___ up our results.A. sumB. summedC. will sumD. would sum59. If the doctor had been available, the child ___.A. would not dieB. would not have diedC. could not dieD. could not have died60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ___.A. never had felt tiredB. had never felt tiredC. never felt tiredD. was tired never Key: 1-5 CCADC6-10 ABADA11-15 BCDDB1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC 26.B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 3 3. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60.B。