霍桑红字英语小论文
浅谈红字中的救赎英文论文TheScarletLetterSelfredemption
The Scarlet Letter:Self-redemptionAbstract:Hawthorne’s works, whether novels or short stories, Hawthorne can be seen often in a symbolic way, the community was ugly in a didactic way of ethics displayed in the reader's eyes.So "evil" in his work has always dominated, and Hawthorne's life is also exploring how to treat "evil" to the problem."The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne's masterpiece as a profound reflection of Hawthorne's work reflects the core of Christian ethics: the common people sin and crime of this mercy and salvation.Based on the "The Scarlet Letter," characters and content of the re-excavation works in the salvation of Hawthorne to interpret.Key Words: The Scarlet Letter；Hawthorne；salvation；ethics.红字：救赎摘要：霍桑的作品 ,不论是长篇小说 ,还是短篇小说 ,都可以看出霍桑常常用一种象征的手法 ,把当时社会的种种丑恶用一种伦理说教的方式展示在读者的眼前。
红字读后感英文200字
红字读后感英文200字英文回答：Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" is a classic work of American literature that explores the themes of sin, guilt, and redemption. Set in the Puritan society of 17th-century New England, the novel follows the story of Hester Prynne, a young woman who is forced to wear a scarletletter "A" on her chest as punishment for adultery.The novel is a complex and multifaceted work that has been interpreted in many different ways. Some critics have seen it as a feminist text, while others have focused onits religious and moral themes. However, at its core, "The Scarlet Letter" is a story about the human condition andthe struggle between good and evil.Hawthorne's writing is both beautiful and haunting, and he creates a vivid and memorable world in "The Scarlet Letter." The characters are complex and flawed, and thenovel's themes are timeless and universal.中文回答：纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》是美国文学中的经典作品，探讨了罪、内疚和救赎的主题。
xx年《红字》英文+中文读后感范文
As I finished reading "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne in XX year, I found myself absorbed by its powerful, lingering themes and striking images.这一年，我读完了纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》，感觉自己身临其境，深深被它强大而深远的主旨和惊人的画面所吸引。
The novel is set in Puritan Boston, where Hester Prynne,a young woman, is ostracized and forced to wear a scarletletter "A" on her dress as punishment for being an adulteress. As the story unfolds, we are introduced to Hester's former lover, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and the vengeful husbandof Hester, Roger Chillingworth. Through their journeys and struggles, Hawthorne tackles the themes of sin, guilt, redemption, and the human condition.小说的背景是纯洁主义的波士顿，在这里一名年轻的女子海斯特·普林因通奸被社会驱逐，被迫在衣服上佩戴着一个红字母“A”作为惩罚。
随着故事的展开，我们遇到了海斯特的情人，神父亚瑟·丹姆斯代尔，以及她的丈夫罗杰·钱林沃斯的复仇。
霍桑通过他们的旅程和斗争，探讨了道德、罪恶、救赎和人类的本质。
霍桑红字英语小论文
The scarlet rose blossom on the humanity soil The Scarlet Letter(,1850) written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells the tragic love story between Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale, which takes place in the 17th century Puritan Boston. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a world-known American romantic novelist whose works often use symbolism and often have moral messages and psychological complexity. Like many of his other compositions, The Scarlet Letter centers on the inherent sin and evil of humanity. Through narrating the character’s fortune, it reveals the cruelty of the social laws, the deceptive aspect of the religion and the hypocrisy of the moral in the 19th when American capitalism enjoyed a boom.The story unfolds at the point view of Hester. The heroine Hester Prynne married Dr. Chillingworth, but there was no love between them and Chillingworth disappeared for years. During this time, lonely Hester committed adultery with a local Minster Dimmesdale and gave birth to their daughter Pearl. Hester was punished in public, being forced to wear a scarlet letter of ‘A’ which referred to adultery. Despite this, Hester refused to give her lover’s name away to protect him. At the same time, the husband Chillingworth came back and swore to revenge for the shame. Hiding his own true name, he found out the truth step by step. In this course, he tormented Dimmesdale mentally, leading to Dimmesdale’s admission on the identity of Pearl’s father, and also his death. Chillingworth himself passed away soon after because he possessed nothing except hatred. Differing from those male characters, although Hester was treated unfairly, she overcome discriminations and won the citizens’ respect for her tenacity, kindness and diligence, transporting the meaning of the world into “able” and “angle”. At last, Hester chose to be buried with her lover Dimmesdale, leaving “Black land, a red A word” on the tombstone.”Hawthorne is absolutely a master in Formalism, including repeated images, contrastive colors, and sets of words.All of them take shape implied meanings, which make the passage profound and veiled.Among all of the images, the letter A is the most significant one. The meaning of the letter shifts with the time going by. In chapter1 and chapter 2, it represents a kindof punishment of the religious society for disgrace. In the middle part of the novel, A becomes the symbol of Hester’s virtues: “There glimmered the embroidered letter, with comfort in its unearthly ray. Elsewhere the token of sin, it was the taper of the sick-chamber” “They said that it meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a women’s strength.”(p141 chapter 13)At the latter stage, the token of A goes further. It is promoted to a goddess figure. The emphasis is no long on her capacity, but on her elevated spirits. Alongside the letter A, there are many images used in the composition. For example, at the beginning, it was Hester who walks up the guillotine to accept the worldly judgment, while at last it is Dimmesdale who walks up the guillotine to acknowledge his guilty and accept spiritual judgment. The guillotine establishes her ignominy first and proclaims his salvation lastly.In the ending sentence: “Black land, a red A word” on the tombstone.” The colors of black and white form pair of contrast and the two colors run through the composition. “ such unsightly vegetation, which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society, a prison. But no one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush. “(p39-40) The Great Whore in Revelation is dressed in scarlet, riding a scarlet beast. The color scarlet, in the Bible also symbolizes guilt. The prison is black, which builds a gloomy atmosphere and indicates the injustice of the prison. The color of Dimmesdale’s cape is black too, under which is the scarlet letter, his biggest secret. The concealment of the guilt (black and scarlet) creates huge pain.Repetitive words bring about the intense feeling of oppression, adding to words expressive force. "He will be known" emerges many times, from citizens or from Chiligworth, easily being associating with a hidden snake which lives on the dark secrets.What’s more, the book also reflects author’s complex attitude and consideration on religion. Nathaniel Hawthorne is born in a Puritanism family, leading to his early research of Puritanism. However, he is not a completely Puritan. He keeps his doubt and confusion towards this religion.In his age, the Puritanism went to the extremes. They persecuted people who believed in different religions and oppressed the humanity under the banner of God. From the Hester’s rebellion against the Puritan dogmas and the sufferings Dimmesdale undergone, we can infer his strong criticism, but meanwhile he trusts religious superstitions, not getting rid of such concepts like “origin sin”, “salvation” “determined fate”. He sings for the power of the religion to purify people. For example, Hester, this brave tenacious woman, sometimes also feels afraid, upset, worried. She turns to God for spiritual relive more than one time. The belief warns her to keep the goodness.Nathaniel Hawthorne uses multiple literal decorations to reveal the psychological state of the characters, to mold their personalities, to show their virtues and vices. What is more valuable is his exploration about humanity. The Scarlet Letter is confession and salvation of guilty people with pure soul, those who blossom the beautiful rose in their life.The scarlet rose blossom on the humanity soil辛宇160144179电子信息。
ABriefAnalysisof...
A Brief Analysis of the Image of Hester inthe Scarlet Letter论文摘要霍桑的《红字》，是美国19世纪文学史上的经典作品，这篇著作反映了清教思想对人生活思想的影响。
本篇著作的背景发生在波士顿一个小镇上，介绍了这个地区的人是如何被清教所影响的，其中女主角海斯特·白兰和镇上受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔通奸并生下女儿珠儿，作为惩罚，她被戴上红字“A”——“Adultery”的象征。
本文通过分析海斯特的性格，也展现了清教法规苛刻无情的刑罚，在清教社会，不管谁犯罪都要接受惩罚。
本文还涉及到霍桑的清教观，他对清教价值观和思想的肯定以及对其消极方面对人民思想控制的批评，这也决定海斯特最后的命运是在经过艰苦工作、自我提升后得到救赎。
霍桑通过塑造海斯特这个形象向读者展示了他的清教观，以及清教思想对他的影响。
海斯特最初是勇敢坚强的，最终却在清教社会的压迫下，承认了自己的罪过并通过赎罪得到了社会的认可。
通过红字“A”象征意义的变化反映了海斯特的形象变化。
关键字：清教影响; 海斯特性格;原罪；救赎AbstractThe Scarlet Letter,Nathanie l Hawthorne’s representative work, is a classical novel in American literature in the 19th century. The novel displays Puritanism’s great impact on people’s life and thought. This thesis of the Puritan town Boston, and introduce how the communities in the town are deeply influenced by Puritanism. The heroine Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town’s reverend priest, engages in the act of adultery and produce a baby girl named Pearl.Meanwhile, by analyzing the main character Hester, the thesis aims at presenting the harshness and the strict punishment in Puritan society. In puritan communities, whoever commits a sin will be punished. The thesis also presents Hawthorne’s attitude towards Puritanism. On one hand, he appreciates the puritan thought and value; on the other hand, he condemns the negative impact of puritan society on people’s spirit. And this thought influences Hester’s final fate—to get salvation through self—improvement and hard working. Hawthorne explains his puritan thoughts through creating Hester. Hester is brave and strong, as a sinner, Hester finally get salvation by working hard.key words：Puritanism; Hester’s characteristic; sin; salvationTable of ContentsAbstract(Chinese) (Ⅰ)Abstract(English) (Ⅱ)1.Introduction (1)2. Hawthorne’s Intention of Creating Hester. (1)2.1 Puritan Infulence on Hawthorne (1)2.2 Hawthorne’s Own Thought on Puritanism (2)3. Original Image of Hester: Strong and Brave (4)3.1 A Graceful and Beautiful Lady (4)3.2 Eager for True Love (5)3.3 Protecting Dimmesdale (5)4.As a Sinner, W orking Hard to Get Salvation (5)4.1 Being Shamed for “Adultery” (5)4.2 Working Hard As a Mother and Sinner (7)4.3 Final Image of Hester: Angle, Bearing the Pain of Losing Lover (8)Conclusion (10)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgements (13)1.IntroductionThis novel happened in Boston, which was a colony of England in 17th century. At that time and at that place, the doctrine of Puritans was looked as the rule of people’s daily life. Hawthorne was born in a puritan family, whose grandfather was an authority. That made him was deep influenced by Puritanism. On one hand, he received the doctrine of hard working and thrifty, on the other hand, He thought that the Puritan religion was too strict and harsh. We can see how he disliked them by the way people act, talk, and live.Hester Prynne is a woman, who has great courage to devote to real love and a woman who experiences hard life and longs for freedom. She loves her life no matter how difficult it is. She tries her best to struggle against the adversity. She is a beautiful, virtuous, brave and tough woman. Because of being as a sinner, she is forced to wear an ―A‖ on her breast to shame her. She showed extreme strength and courage to resist the bias of the Puritanism by her good deeds and finally is received and being respected by the society and get salvation through hard working.2.Hawthorne’s Intention of Creating HesterHawthorne was born in a puritan family so that he was deep influenced by Puritanism, but the strict punishment and the control of people’s spirit also made him antipathy. Thus he created Hester, who was sinned and punished by puritan authority, but finally got salvation by hard working. Hawthorne created her sinned but also praised her braveness and strength.2.1 Puritan Influence on HawthorneThe story tells about the life of the resident under the surrounding of persecution derived from the ineradicable religion in Massachusetts of Boston in New England in public. Boston, which was a colony of England at that time, the local Boston people was the representative of puritans. From the political authorities to the kids playing before the church, their characteristics are the same. The thesis aims atany differences from others are hereto. At the early cultures of Boston, ages and experience are emphasis; there is no culture of younger. That’s why Hawthorne makes the story happens there. To the puritans, any person or thing which is different from them will be punished or be banished. To the puritans, the laws are sacred; anyone who breaks the law should be punished strictly, that’s the special environment which Hester lived in.All his life, Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. Reading his tales and romances, one cannot but be overwhelmed by the ―black‖ vision which these works reveal. Evil exists in the human heart as is evident, for instance, in the short story, ―Earth’s Holocaust,‖ which tells us that, though all symbol of tradition and the past have been burned in the bonfire of the life of the New World, the source of evil—the human heart—remains intact. Everyone seems to cover up his black veil (―The Minister’s Black V eil‖). Evil seems to be man’s birthmark (―The Birthmark‖).A. H. Quinn perceptively states that Hawthorne is at his best when dealing with sin, the supernatural, and New England past, The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. （Barlow，2000,3）It is en elaboration of a fact which Puritanism ruled. Hester was sinned adultery, which cannot be forgiven and must be punished at that time, this reflects Hawthorne’s thought of sin, everyone has sin and they must use their whole life to expiate themselves. But he also thought the punishments are too harsh. Thus why he made Hester sinned, but didn’t admit her sin.2.2 Hawthorne’s Own Thoughts on PuritanismIn this novel, Hawthorne uses the repressive, authoritarian Puritan society as an analogue for humankind in general. The Puritan setting also enables him to portray the human soul under extreme pressure. Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth, while unquestionable part of the Puritan society in which they live, also reflect universal experiences. Hawthorne speaks specially to American issues, but he circumvents the aesthetic and thematic limitations that might accompany such focus. His university and his dramatic flair have ensured his place in the literary canon, tolerant and cruel. He thinks that the Puritan religion was too strict and harsh. Readers can see how he disliked them by the way people act, talk, and live.Meanwhile, he also shows how he thought the Puritan people would react to the manne r in which Hester stitched the ―A‖, and he d oes not make them look very pleasant. By showing them as being ruthless, and evil, Hawthorne is able to reveal his views of the Puritan people, and how he dislikes them through the townsfolk (the woman in particular). He makes them come across as people you would love to hate. Throughout the entire book, Hester is looked down upon though slightly less as the story progresses, and is treated like a second class citizen. Hawthorne shows his distaste of the Puritan culture by expressing himself through the characte rs and their actions. Not one person in this novel is truly good, and all the characters sins. It is impossible to have a perfect society, and Nathaniel Hawthorne explains to us in The Scarlet Letter, that one is ruled by the Puritan religion, proves this true.(Gao,2000,4) Nevertheless, although he is shocked by the Puritan injustice, he is convinced that there is both good and evil in Puritanism. He thinks a lot about the conflict of God as omniscient and omnipotent on one hand, and vengeful and cruel on the other. He sees that religion is able to produce evil. Things like the witch trials, where innocent people have to die, can happen in his Puritan hometown of Salem, which leads him to the opinion that the fusion of religious dogma and political authority is the worst evil. His ancestors and all the other Puritans maybe think to have found the devil when prosecuting witches, but Hawthorne is of a different opinion. Hawthor ne’s answer is that devil existed in everybody. It makes people blind so they are not able to recognize the evil in themselves.In a whole, Hawthorne’s attitude towards Puritanism is split. There are things he is absolutely in favor of and things he condemns from the depth of his heart. And to some extent, Hawthorne is a Puritan because of his Puritan origin. It is Puritanism that has led to today’s American achievement oriented society. But Hawthorne describes the Puritan society of the 17th century as narrow and relentless. He does not share the dogmas and delusions of the people who are condemned, because he has little interest and less belief in doctrines and theological debate. His imagination is repeatedly drawn the subjects of temptation, guilt and shame. He seeks the depth of the human things.Of course Hawthorne’s p oint of view is that of the 19th century, not that of 17th century, where his short stories are settled. He is aware of his roots and history, but he questions these roots and history from his modern point of view.Back to his attitudes towards the Puritanism of ancestors, when Hawthorne read the accounts about his first American ancestors, he was reported to have read them with fascination and horror. He was different from his ancestors.The way Hawthorne makes Hester’s fate goes with the Puritans. She sins, is forced to wear a letter ―A‖ on her breast, is isolated by the townspeople, but finally is respected because of her kind-hearted. This can be assigned the origin to .Hawthorne’s experiences that he has isolated from the outside after he graduates from university. Hawthorne has ever said to Longfellow, the most fearful thing is that you can not share your happiness or sorrow of your daily life to others. One who is deprived the right of join the society, is an audience but not a participant, Max said that one is a social man because man has to live in the society, or he will lose the meaning of exiting. （Chang，2009,76）Hawthorne thinks Hester should resign the punishment of Alienation, which is seen as the cruelest one. Hester should turn over a new leaf by expiating herself.Hester’s fate is designed; she has no choice because she lives in a puritan society and Hawthorne’s puritan thoughts also determine her fate. The next chapter aims to describe the original image of Hester and the typeface meaning of her original image.3.Original Image of Hester: Strong and BraveHester’s entrance is an attractive and graceful lady like a lady of quality, which makes her different from the town people. Although she sins, she acts brave and dare to admit her sin, dare to get salvation through her acts.3.1A Graceful and beautiful LadyHester is attractive when she appears. She is a slender lady who herself with a deliberate grace. She has a beautiful face with deep black eyes. To most people, she looks more like a graceful lady from the upper class. But Hawthorne’s femalecharacters tend to fall into two broad categories, the blond and effete, and the dark-haired and sensual Oriental type. To the latter belongs Hester Prynne, attractive, appealing, and mildly aggressive, she represents sexual guilt as love with her is fatal, but she is really pure and innocent. Y oung Hester borders on being licentious. Her drive is sexual. One need take just a casual look at her luxuriant head of black silky hair to understand this of her. But she lives a rigorous life; only once does she let loose her lovely hair. (Barlow, 2000, 21)3.2 Eager for True LoveHester Prynne leaves a deep impression to the readers. Hester is a woman, who has great courage to devote to real love and a woman who experiences hard life and longs for freedom. She loves her life no matter how difficult it is. She tries her best to struggle against the adversity. She is a beautiful, virtuous, brave and tough woman. Hester marries with an unloved ugly old man, nothing but having great knowledge admired by all fools. However, when Hester goes to Massachusetts of Boston, She falls in love with Dimmesdale who is her true lover. It should be a good matter, so to speak, if she could divorce from the oldest Chillingworth and then marry Dimmesdale it would be a romantic love story. Unfortunately, it is disgraceful of a married woman to love another man even if that is her beloved one in that abnormal time. So, what a disgraced thing it is that she has to be set up to public shame and wore a mark of shame upon her bosom letter A stands for adultery that makes her bring sermon against sin, until the ignominious scarlet letter be engraved upon her tombstone .But that does not impact on her life even if all dwells give a wide berth to her and use the most incautious words to aggress her later. Because of her benevolence, the inhabitants accept her gradually though they insult her sometimes. Hester does not mind it, because what she concerns is Whether Dimmesdal e’s life is good or not.3.3 Protecting DimmesdaleWhen being put into prison, Hester refuses to confess who the father of the baby is, she protect Dimmesdale though Dimmesdale is too recreant to admit the sin. After Hester commits the sin, the Puritan society immediately enforces its law against her. ―Hester betrayed her husband and went against the principle of honesty onPuritan, so she must accept the severe penalty in the Puritan society at that time.‖ Apart from wearing the red letter ―A‖, she has to suffer public shame on the scaffold.Though the love between Hester and Dimmesdale is true, Hester is a woman who is married. Both of them sin, they have to be punished and get salvation through their acts.4. As a Sinner, Working Hard to Get SalvationIn puritan’s doctrine, one should get salvation by hard working, Hester must be tortured until she receives forgiveness from God, and all that she can do is to bear until she gets salvation.4.1 Being Shamed for “Adultery”The authorities of puritan pu t an ―A‖ on her dress to shame her, to let her remember her sin and to alien her from the mental and physical. Originally, ―A‖ stands for adultery, that’s the sin Hester violate. Because of this letter, she is looked down upon by the villagers and is isolated.Hester Prynne suffers not only bec ause of mankind’s original sin, but also, and more decided by her adultery with Dimmesdale. Adultery is an offense towards God so she must be pun ished severely. In fact, Hester’s life is full of misery after the exposure of her crime. The first time Hester Prynne walks out of the prison with her baby, she is punished to be set in the market-plac e where ―stern-browed men‖ and ―unkindly-visaged women‖ and ―a crowd of eager and curious schoolboys‖ may ―have a fair sight o f her brave apparel.‖ This kind of public exposure is not considered sympathetic in local people’s eyes. Instead, it is ―a blessing on the righteous colony of the Massachusetts, where iniquity is dragged out into the sunshine!‖(Maibor, 2004, 6) Although it is no great distance from the prison-door to the market-place, to Hester Prynne, a prisoner, it is reckoned a journey of some length. However haughty she is, ―she perchance underwent an agony from every footstep of those that thronged to see her, as if her heart has been flung into the street for them all to spurn and trample upon.‖When Hester Prynne finally stands on the scaffolds, she is crowded by people who aresomber and grave. She does her best to support herself under the heavy weight of a thousand relenting eyes, all fastened upon her, and concentrate upon her bosom. People do not insult her with terrible words; however, Hester feels much more suffocating in ―the solemn mood of the popular mind‖. She is so uneasy that she even wants to be insulted by venomous words rather than to bear all those rigid countenances. She can repay with a bitter and di sdainful smile at the multitude’s scornful la ugh. But encountered with such ―leaden infliction‖, she feels that unless ―shrieking out with the full power of her lungs, and cast herself from the scaffolds down upon the ground, or else go mad at once.‖(Maibor, 2004, 10)Although Hester Pr ynne tries to make the scarlet ―A‖as beautiful as an ornament and herself like a graceful grandeur dame, as one woman in the crowd describes: ―the pang of it will be always in her heart.‖ (Hawthorne, 2009, 368) If all the things make Hester feel humiliating, the recognition of her husband in the market-place aggravates her bad feeling and even frightens her severely. Then whe n she is sent back to the jail, she is exciting, can’t control her and even hurt her poor little baby. When the doctor---in fact Hester’s real husband comes in, she immediately become as still as death. After their talk, Hester promised to keep his real identity. This makes her not only guilty, but also crisis-ridden.Hester P rynne’s term of confinement ends, but not so as her sufferings. She comes out of the prison-door and comes forth into the sunshine, which ―falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if mint for no other purpose than to reveal the scarle t letter on her breast.‖ She knows that a more real torture, when she begins the daily custom, comes. For the guilt she has committed, she is shut out from ―the sphere of human charities‖. (Chang, 2009, 78) Hester earns her living by her excellent needlework, which is rather popular among people in the following years. However, it is never used to embroider the white veil which is used to cover the pure face of a bride. This exception indicates the ever vigor with which society frowned upon her sin. In all her intercourse with society, however, there is nothing that makes Hester Prynne feels as if she belongs to it. Every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she comes in contact, implies and often expresses, thatshe is banished. The token---the scarlet ―A‖never grows callous; it seems, on the contrary, to grow even more sensitive with daily torture.All these sufferings intend to remind Hester that, as a sinner, a betrayer of God, she must be tortured until she receives forgiveness from God. All that she can do is to bear until she gets salvation.Sin is unpleasant and painful. No one in the world wants to suffer. All of us hope that we can stop every kind of suffering some day. That is not just a wish that is far away and can’t be achieved. God’s love is universal and lenient. God has a soft heart, which doesn’t want to see people who are tortured. ―Praise the L ord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.‖(Song, 2001, 23)4.2 Image of Being a MotherAs Pearl’s name suggests, she comes from sin, but she is pure. She is also a constant reminder–to Hester and to the townspeople–of Hester's sin. Hester dresses her with bright color and named her pearl, and that shows her love to her baby. Though Pearl is regarded as the result of Hester and Dimmesdale’s adultery, she is still a pearl to Hester. Hester gives all her hope to Pearl. She is still a brave mother and a protector of Pearl.Through Pearl, Hester becomes a n image of ―Divine Maternity‖(Hawthorne, 2009, 451). But though so s ignally a mother, she is not a ―mother figure.‖By detaching her from the social milieu that defines and supports the concept of motherhood, Hawthorne is able to concentrate on the relation of Hester to her child without any social implications. In fact, society in this instance wishes to separate the mother and child. By giving her a recalcitrant daughter as child, Hawthorne has even more cleverly set his depiction of motherhood apart from Victorian ideology. What remains is an intense personal relation that expresses Hester’s maternal nature in a remarkably role-free way.This chapter aims at Hester’s changes from ―Adultery‖to ―Alien‖, and then being ―Able‖. As a sinner, Hester works hard to get salvation. Next chapter intends to tell Hester’s final image.4.3 Final Image of Hester: Angle, Bearing the Pain of Losing LoverHester is th e only person who wears the ―A‖in the whole article. Puritan authority’s power forces her to wear it all day long after the punishment of three hours standing on the scaffold. Hester can leave the Massachusetts colony, but she does not flee. She regards the place as her home living as the type of shame. It is love, which is the only reason for her to live in that place. The kind of love is declared guilty according to the puritan religion, which takes the asceticism as the local law at that time. ―There trod the feet of one with whom she deemed herself connected in a union….would bring them together befo re the bar of final judgment, and make that their marriage-alter, for a joint futurity of endless retribution (Hawthorne, 2009,489 ). May be at that time, Hester’s choice seems a little innocent. Just for the faith for love, which can also be regarded as the passion in a short while though wild nature as she has, she restrains her be behavior from then on for she thinks herself commit an offence. She swears of keeping the secret of the relationship between her and her husband Chillingworth shows that she is in blame at that time and puzzled with her love.Hester decides to expiate herself because she is eager to integrate into the society. Hawthorne’s puritan thoughts make this ending. And Hester her own characteristic makes her final choice.The later seven years consume her a lot from spirit to body. The scarlet letter does not change her from appearance but from the inside of her, on the contrary it lets her grow strong and think deeply the guilty of herself. She finds that the problem happens between her and Dimmesdale is not solved. Nothing changes. The free thinking temperament does not make her atone from her crime but be more puzzled. Hester tries her best to insist on and protect her love, her lover, and she struggles with the hard environment. Hester’s counterattack to Chillingworth identifies that she has a kind of more strong power at that time. This power comes from her love to Dimmesdale. Then the meet between Hester and Dimmesdale in the forest describes one possible way of resolving the problem. They plan to flee away to live a happy life and shake off the so-called sin here. The plan of fleeing reflects the human nature of looking for happiness. Hester has already known how to get what she wants and howto realize love. She stands for the thought of releasing from the original, sin and the possibility of happy life of female. She completes the discussion of significance of love through the scarlet letter.The love between Hester and Dimmesdale is true. However, their end is a tragedy. Because of the long inner torture, Dimmesdale dies and then Hester comes back to her home England and memorizes their love. After Pearl married, she goes to Massachusetts and stays with Dimmesdale. Their love is great, but because of this love, Chillingworth hates Dimmesdale and tries his best to revenge him, at last, it results in the tragedy.ConclusionThrough the discussion above, the thesis can conclude that Hester Prynne is resurrected by her pious atonement. The process can be found clearly in the c hanges of the meaning of the scarlet letter ―A‖. At the beginning the letter ―A‖, worn on Hester’s bosom is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chillingworth. This is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. The puritan treatment continues, because as Hester walks through the streets, she will be looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that has committed a terrible crime. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. The sc arlet letter ―A‖ also stands for Hester’s lonely life in New England. After she is released, Hester lives in a cottage near the outskirts of the city. Hester’s social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful history. Hester has no friends in the world, and little Pearl is the only companion of her lonely life, so the scarlet letter ―A‖ also is a symbol of the words ―alone‖ and ―alienate‖. Later, the scarlet letter ―A‖ changes its meaning into being able, angel, and admirable. The townspeople who condemned her now believe the scarlet letter to stand for her ability to her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. At this point, a lot of townspeople realize what a noble character Hester processes. Hester overco mes the shame of her sin through the purity and goodness of her soul. Unselfishly, offering her time and love to those who need her most proves that she is not worthy of the fatewhich has been dealt to her.Being a religious sinner who has severely profaned God and thus considered as a betrayal, Hester Prynne, like all the others, also enjoys God’s universal love. We can find out through her words and deeds that, although she has made a terrible mistake, she doesn’t separate herself from God consequently. Instead, she accepts all the punishment society forces upon her and behaves gently and kindly. What she acts is just good evidence as her atonement for her sin, she is brave when love with the clergy. She is hard working as a sinner. She is hopeful as a mother. She is regarded as an angel after getting salvation.BibliographyBarlowe Jamie. (2000). the Scarlet Mob of Scribblers: Rereading Hester Prynne. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 3—21.Maibor Carolyn R. Labor Pains NY: Routledge, (2004) Emerson, Hawthorne, and Alcott on Work and the Woman Question. 6—10.McFarland Philip. (2004). Hawthorne in Concord.中央编译出版社。
英语专业毕业论文 《红字》赏析全英文(可编辑)
英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文（可编辑）浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用AbstractNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the19th century. As a great romantic novelist, Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolism.The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne's most important symbolic novel, which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature. And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. In this work, Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly. In The Scarlet Letter, symbolism runs through the whole novel. The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itself. Not only does “A” manifest in various forms, but also it has changing meanings from “adultery” to “able”, even “angelic” in the novel. Besides, the name of the four major characters in the novel: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings. Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail, the forest, the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance. The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the t hree aspects mentioned above and analyze Hawthorne’s skillful use ofsymbolism in The Scarlet LetterKey Words: the scarlet letter;symbolism;Hester Prynne;Pearl摘要纳撒尼尔?霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。
红字读后感英文200字
红字读后感英文200字英文回答：The Scarlet Letter, a captivating novel penned by Nathaniel Hawthorne, delves into the depths of human nature, exploring the intertwining themes of sin, guilt, and redemption. Set in the austere Puritan society of 17th-century New England, the story revolves around the trials and tribulations of Hester Prynne, a young woman ostracized by her community for committing adultery.Hawthorne's prose is both lyrical and haunting, capturing the complexities of his characters with vivid imagery and psychological depth. He portrays Hester's resilience and determination, as well as the inner turmoil and torment that consume her. The scarlet letter "A" she is forced to wear on her bosom becomes a powerful symbol ofher transgression, yet also a catalyst for her growth and eventual acceptance.The novel is not merely a tale of punishment and repentance but a profound meditation on the human condition. It examines the corrosive effects of guilt, the power of forgiveness, and the enduring bonds of love and loyalty. Hawthorne masterfully weaves a narrative that is both introspective and socially critical, offering insights into the ways in which societal norms and personal desires can collide in destructive and ultimately transformative ways.Through the intricate interplay of characters, Hawthorne explores the nuances of human relationships. The forbidden love triangle between Hester, the minister Arthur Dimmesdale, and the physician Roger Chillingworth exposes the complexities of passion, betrayal, and revenge. The novel delves into the psychological consequences of such relationships, highlighting the psychological and emotional toll they can take on those involved.Hawthorne's exploration of the Puritan society provides a backdrop against which the themes of sin, guilt, and redemption are examined. The strict moral code of the Puritans, with its emphasis on obedience and conformity,creates an atmosphere of suppression and intolerance. Yet, within this rigid society, individuals like Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale find ways to resist and assert their humanity.The Scarlet Letter remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers today. Its explorationof universal human themes, its complex characters, and its exquisite prose make it a compelling and thought-provoking work of literature.中文回答：《红字》是美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部经典小说，以17世纪新英格兰清教社会为背景，讲述了女主人公海丝特·白兰因通奸而被流放出社区，胸前被迫佩戴上代表罪恶的猩红色字母“A”，所经历的痛苦与救赎的故事。
英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文
英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用AbstractNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century. As a great romantic novelist, Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolism.The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne's most important symbolic novel, which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature. And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. In this work, Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly. In The Scarlet Letter, symbolism runs through the whole novel. The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itsel f. Not only does “A” manifest in various forms, but also it has changing meanings from “adultery” to“able”, even “a n gelic” in the novel. Besides, the name of the four major characters in the novel: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings. Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail, the forest, the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance. The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the three aspectsmentioned abo ve and analyze Hawthorne’s skillful use of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter.Key Words: the scarlet letter；symbolism；Hester Prynne；Pearl摘要纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。
英文文献论文：《十字》女性形象分析
AbstractNathaniel Hawthorne is a great writer in the 19th century in the United States. The Scarlet Letter is the masterpiece of his literary career. In the book, Hawthorne portrays Hester Prynne, the heroine of brave and strong character and the spirit of rebellion against the traditional moral system in the patriarchal society. This paper is an attempt to analyze the female image of Hester.Keywords: The Scarlet Letter; female image摘要《红字》是美国十九世纪伟大的作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作。
霍桑在书中描绘了女主人公海丝特·白兰勇敢、坚强的性格和对男权社会中传统道德体系的反叛精神。
本文主要对女主人公海斯特·白兰的女性形象进行分析。
关键词: 《红字》；女性形象ContentsAbstract (I)摘要 (II)Introduction (1)1 A Great Novelist, a Great Novel ................................................................. (3)1.1 Nathaniel Hawthorne, a Great Novelist .......................................................... (3)1.2 A Great Novel: The Scarlet Letter (3)2 A Great Female Image: Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter (4)2.1 A Brave Woman (4)2.2 A Persevere Woman (7)2.3 A Sacrificial Woman (9)Conclusion (10)Notes (11)References (12)Acknowledgements (13)IntroductionNathaniel Hawthorne (1804--1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. He was the famous romantic writer in the late nineteenth century. His novel was set in colonial New England, often describe Puritan rule of situation and fate, revealed the religious persecution of human nature. He is best known for his novels of using the profound meaning of symbolism implied theme, and the character psychology nuanced characterization and analysis. The Scarlet Letter, one of Hawthorne’s masterpieces, is the novel. It with its abundant of implicit and subtle expression is unique among American classic literature. "The Scarlet Letter" caused a huge stir, today after a lapse of half a century is still immortal classics. The book appeared in the start-up of the United States of literature, that is, the so-called American Renaissance, Hawthorne and Emerson are representative, Melville, Thoreau, etc. During this period, the flag of the United States in the spirit of mature independence and literary.And the representatives of the sea silk for female character's inner world and destiny to explore it. Hawthorne subverts the women in the patriarchal society as the tradition of“object”, built the “subject”of Hester status, show the male writers in the work one of the few female consciousness, set up the Hawthorne's feminist ideology pioneer image. This paper will use full of representative of feminist criticism theory and method, through the analysis of the heroine, explore Hawthorne in the novel of the scarlet letter potential female conscious, and the compromise of Hawthorne female consciousness, reveal the novel contains the positive social significance.1 A Great Novelist, a Great Novel1.1 Nathaniel Hawthorne, a Great NovelistNathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), America's greatest novelists of the 19th century and a half. His representative works are: collection of short stories, Mosses from an Old Manse (1846 ), Young Goodman Brown(1835), Rappaccini's Daughter(1844)and so on, the novel The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables (1851), The Blithedale Romance(1852) The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni(1860)and so on. These are rare in the history of world literature classics.Hawthorne said: compared to civilization and ancient Europe, the United States, no shadow, no antiquity, no secret, no brilliant but faint Mo's Turn of the Screw, only light dull boom days under the offer to writers material is minimal. Therefore, Hawthorne turned his attention to the past, trying to dig the aid imagine the history of the creation of useful material, in order to put us in front of an era gone fleeting now linked." This also implies that the ancient metaphor of his creative intent. But for Puritan prudence, Hawthorne took a creative form of romantic fiction. He believes that the only way the author can choose their own ideas and creative ways, but not necessarily tied to the details of the real, to find the combination of reality and imagination to the "middle ground" between the "real world" and "Wonderland" . Hawthorne's great being able to face his mild stroke while exposing the dark essence sharp, wicked satire, revealing the truth.The concept of D.L.Carmody is in the traditional literature, women's image was originally discriminated against. Ever since the woman is considered less than a man. Patriarchal ideology has been spread, the status of the man's total is higher than a woman, a woman was considered inferior to men. This view of the traditional women's literature is full of contempt and hostility. In the 20th century, feminist literary criticism was born in Europe, which emphasizes the value of women's presence and status, is a thousand years of male chauvinism challenge. “Hawthorne is a feminist who attracts writers, especially in his The Scarlet Letter, the shape is different from our previous literature Women --- Hester Prynne new image.”[1] 1.2 A Great Novel：The Scarlet LetterThe Scarlet Letter to teach the harsh colonial rule of the North American rights to the background , describing a place in England 's love tragedy. Heroine Hester Prynne is a strongcourage to protest the fate of women. She is a young and beautiful , passionate woman , she " tall, Yung-chi complete beautiful to stately degree black lush hair so shiny, shine sunlight colors ; her face, removing moist skin outside and correct the beautiful features , as well as imposing brow and deep black eyes. based on the prevailing genteel femininity , she seems to be a noble lady . " born in a dilapidated old aristocratic family , childhood by the family pet , but unfortunately married and a decline in body deformity old scholar Roger , not to mention the love between them. Later, Roger disappeared at sea , never heard from again , Hyster lonely life, spirit is very painful. In widowed life, her handsome young pastor Arthur Dimmesdale love, and gave birth to a daughter, Pearl . As punishment , the penalty Calvinism her chest wearing a red letter A , eat humble pie spent the remaining years.RichardRorty think, “Hyster is a deeply insulting and full of rebellious spirit of strong female image, the author gives her multiple identities——commit adultery Puritan betrayed husband, wife, beloved pastor's lover, the mother of an illegitimate child, and let her bear the social, religious and moral aspects content.” [2]John Dewey think, in the face of difficulties and humiliation, she not only did not bow, but the y “saw her flash a very beautiful light, “teased everyone showed “arrogant smile”, “leisurely look around he r neighbors and city residents,” “exhibit a natural majesty and strength of character. ”[3]2 A Great Female Image: Hester Prynne in TheScarlet LetterSince the publication of Tess of the D’Urbervilles in 1891, innumerable critics and reviewers have been decoding this great novel from various perspectives. All their critical works have enriched the meanings of this great novel. However, among these critical works, there are a few works that have given a comprehensive decoding of this novel from the perspective of the female image of Hester Prynne, Therefore, this paper attempts to decode this novel from this aspect. Here we begin the analysis with virtues of the Heroine Hester, one of the main female image of Hester Prynne2.1 A Brave WomanHester, a beautiful and charming woman, marries an old doctor Chillingworth whom she does not love at all. When a rumor that her husband is dead comes, she falls in love in with a young handsome minister Dimmesdale and gives birth to a daughter. The behavior of Hester reflects a healthy person’s natural need and inevitable result of pursuing the liberation of self-independence and happiness. However, this disobeys purita n’s rules and therefore she is tried and sentenced to wear a red “A” identifying adultery. In the following days she has to bear this unfair treatment alone and is isolated from the public. Yet facing this unfortunate fate and men-dominated world, she does not give up but fight endlessly. She is a woman who dares to be against fate and fight for her rights.The story of “The Scarlet Letter”happened in 17th century colonial Boston in New England.Beautiful young Hester Prynne too simple, when she was still immature, haven't figure out what love was, in failure, deformity of old Roger Chillingworth, scholars had lied to her, made her his wife,Hester youthful and Chillingworth decrepit withered, and have a disability, all day long he addicted to judgments in the cadastral, lack of care and considerate to his wife. As you can imagine, the marriage of Hester in the field of her spirit is very empty, very poor. Hester later recalled she and Chillingworth's life, “can only count them as her most ugly recalled. She believes that she had endured his tepid also shook to shake hands with him, and have the heart to use her lips and eyes smile to meet him, is her greatest the confession of sin. Moreover, she believes, in knew she didn't choose love period, Chillingworth deception she called her obsession with him is happy, then commits sin, is better than people later on she commits any crime, more despicable“Such a combination, can only reflect a kind of compulsive, absurdity, it should be said that the ugly and immoral. And Chillingworth was not regarded his wife as people with needs, but as her own property, when watching Hester punished in the scaffold, he didn't have any compassion, cajole instead, trying to threats, put her on the edge of the more painful. What he did is not out of love for Hester, but the result ofselfishness, insidious revenge. Therefore, Hester is the victim of a marriage. She is the victim of darkness.Hester and Chillingworth this a couple of huge differences in age, different appearance of beauty and ugliness, character, marriage signifies that they will not have a good ending. Chillingworth take Hester to Boston, after he finished handle their own affairs in the UK, on its way home sea-going ships wrecked, therefore people legend he has died. Hester in the lonely life and youth pastor Dimmesdale in love, as a result of pregnancy had braved in jail, and gave birth to a girl's name "Pearl". Hester's behavior are the natural language of the healthy human nature, life is the inevitable result of individuals pursuing their own liberation and happiness, but it has violated the at that time the patriarchal culture and consult moral law specified by a woman to finally her husband unconditionally chastity concept. Hester was relentless push to set the sta ge for trial, was sentenced to with red “A” word.In the later days, she has been forced to silently under the unfair treatment, alone with pearl, away from the town of "seaside hut solitude, a sewing to make a living, feed themselves and her daughter". The French feminist Julia Christie Eva Once put forward the maternal for resisting center of revolutionary significance. She believes that women having children does not mean that she cannot be engaged in professional work, on the contrary, birth is always consistent with cultural activities, because in the process of nurturing life woman can more deeply understand the connotation of life. In the custody of the pearl and defend aspects of custody. When the governor refuses to Hester Prynne's request, “Hester Prynne seize the pearl, against to drag her into his arms, with a look of almost a face fierce glare at the old Puritan Sir, She has been abandoned by the world, alone. Only the treasure to her feelings die, so as to to life, she felt she has an inalienable right with the world, and ready to defend her these rights” As a mother, she is strong and great. In history, in a lot of level, Confucianism culture on women's constraint is far more than men, especially in colonial times, puritanism's harsh laws and religious traffic rules under the notice of New England, women in the political, economic must rely on men, submissiveness, pious chastity, “there can't be a strong, independent and self existence" there can be a strong, independent and self existence”(p21). In order to protect the rights of man, the rulers also provides that the type of women's life can't cross the fetters of marriage, the bible says, and law books and prostitute are the bane of seduce men moral, is the man on the death of the devil, the whore is the most commonly used means of sexual insults, kill the body and reputational damage, which Hester is punished by. And the public's attitude toward Hester is also had no sympathy, the second chapter of the novel mentioned, both men and women, old or young, have no pity in that kind of look in the eyes fixed on the red “A” word in her bosom. Even her fellow sisters also think “she is a slut, bitch, lost the face of the woman, to say this plainly sin”. However, in the face of tragic fate and strong patriarchal society, Hester did not succumb, he always fight tenaciously in. Hester outstanding appearance fully shows her a distinct personality characteristics. Boston to Hester in the power to impose the most severe punishment -- in the market of scaffold, in an attempt to embarrass her, but Hester put wordlessaction as a breach of their plot. As a puritan, Hester chest with red A word which is the symbol of shame can imagine his inner pain and embarrassment, but people are surprised to find that when the cross out the door of the prison, she smiled, deliberately looked around, she bravely show all the humiliation of A word that means, as well as his children, such as cool as A cucumber the behavior of the sea, in the face of evil religion reproach and without fear of persecution, showing A natural dignity and force of character. While Hester in the scaffold without succumbing to Wilson trap, refused to account the name of the adulterer, women's heart is a striking force and wide! For the sake of the one you love is not affected by shame, she refused to say. She bore her misfortunes alone and pain, even though her lover Dimmesdale is weak, did not have the courage to admit his identity, to share the stigma, Hester did not compromise and give up her beliefs, her strong survived. With strong rebellious spirit, strong and independent self and the longing for a new life, she is in the red with shame, survivor in people disdain and cold eyes, and set up a new life. Seven years of loneliness, pain, suffering contributed to her more consciously and more sacred self spiritual power, independent personality and the awakening of female consciousness.Can reflect Hester most mature female consciousness in her brave encourage pastors and fled together, this is her revolt against the old traditional morality is the most favorable. In the forest, the pastor's last tryst, Hester's personality, emotion got the full release, "for sudden and desperate tenderness, she hold him with open arms, put his head gripping on the chest"-- seven long years of painful separation, Hester's passion for Dimmesdale and no cooling, her heart strong emotions at this time finally got the vent. When she saw the beloved spirit and the flesh was almost complete collapse due to withstand the pressure, she can't put up with it. So she brave encourage pastor come away with me together with her, Fled Boston, go overseas to rebuild a happy life. She firmly to the priest said: "the tragic and burst will stay where it happened, don't tangle with it! Everything start again! A test fail, you have to give up all possible? Not so future in full of opportunities and success.”Although later because the priest died eventually failed to realize this plan, but this behavior is the most direct, the most vividly reveal her to the Puritan laws and secular bold rebel and challenges. She is a dare to resist fate, dare to fight for their rights of women.Hester is pursuit of pure love and freedom for sex, to make a wordless rebellion against the darkness of the society. At the same time, from her attitude towards the daughter pearl, we can see her brave, strong and persistent. Hester has been devoting her love for Dimmesdale in to their daughter-- pearl. Through the cradle, Hester that innate maternal reflect incisively and vividly. Colonial rulers that Hester is a fallen woman, children raised by her will also fall. When Hester knew that several gentlemen will devise seizing Pearl in the town, she has no concessions, she came to governor Bellingham's home with Pearl. Alone, she was abandoned by the world, only the baby girl to keep her heart dies. "You can't take her away from me, otherwise, I will be the first to die. God to give her my raise, I'll never let her go ". Hester these complaints and fighting to make people aware of a mother have a sacred right, and she will beready to defend those rights, "when a mother has nothing to remove her child and the scarlet letter , the power is strong". Due to the pastor's help, Hester fight won this time, the male patriarcha l secular society for the first time to an “Adulteress” caved.From the attitude to her daughter's education, we can also see her self-awareness and rebellious spirit. In the society of the male notice hungry, my father put into practice to son, while the mother warned her daughter must comply with all kinds of collecting the regular rule of social, cultural restrictions. Boys should learn how to keep the men privilege, however, girls should learn how to obey men. Hester doesn't like other women to education daughter, despite the family rules is very strict, but her won't be too strict to Pearl. She repressed by the scarlet letter maternal subconscious to Pearl. In her unusual factory environment met the female body and female sex. American critics Ninabem professor once said “Pearl has the Puritan doctrine, all the bes t to the quality of the natural”(p23), and the pursuit of natural is advocated by feminists. As Hester wish, Pearl doesn't repeat her life. She broke the only son have a conventional inheritance Internet access, inherited the property of the Roger·Chillingworth, became the richest heiress, when the new people to her evaluation is also changed. Pearl, then left the Puritan New England, lived a happy life in a foreign land.2.2 A Persevere WomanHester's strong and brave performance not only in the above aspects, also reflected in her with unremitting pursuit for life. Inhuman punishment, she has not given up on life, the pursuit of love. With her Puritan forces fight in a strong unyielding spirit, to show people the kind of women themselves have strong vitality. In the lonely beach house, in almost isolated environment, She counted, natural and graceful, whether in expression, verbal, psychological, nor in action makes people dislike coquetry, no more poor compliance. That allows her to in extremely painful life, bravely under people's contempt and cold, and remain in that had brought her hurt and shame on land, i n “still continually monitor of the judge's permission to her, in her own little income es tablished his own life”. At the heart of the England women's economic must rely on a man, to be involved in the work of children, sewing is her only can be engaged in art, on which Hester or earn meager income strong to survive, raising his daughter grow gradually. Although she has enough reasons to do so, but she is not to the husband also did not seek help from the priest. She is done independent economically and mentally. In addition to work to earn money to feed themselves and daughter, she is all the money in the handout. As soon as she met can give a person favor, She admitted that she is human compatriot sister immediately. For each request to the poor, who also have no way she took out her weak aid are convenient. Hester indomitable life will and a natural goodness that touched people. Although the hard-hearted the poor will also often to the door of the food for her, for her by the finger of embroidery yellow robe woven clothes with abuse, but many people are no longer in the original meaning to expl ain the scarlet “A”, they said the meaning of the word is “Able”, is “Angel”, people in the eyes of the original "adulteress" h as become a “angel” in thetown. “H ester of inherent character and remarkable ability in life finally got a role of herself”, Changed his fate in the largest extent. Recalling his own experience, Hester believe women in society are in a desperate, very shabbily status, women should seek their own liberation, we must act: “The first thing must do, is to achieve the whole society sys tem, to build again. Second, the nature of man, or men form the nature of the long-term genetic habit, must fundamentally transformed them, at that time, women can enjoy similar to a reasonable position”(p36). In this sense, Hester is supposed to be a feminist, and because of her personal history rose to the height of the development and progress of all mankind, at the same time, we can also see that Hawthorne the outpouring of feminist tendency in the novel. When the end of the novel, we find that Hester is full of hope and happiness, so people, especially the women “Come to her house, their sorrow and trouble talking to her, seek her advice”. “H ester doing everything they can to comfort and to persuade them, and solemnly told them: she believes that when the world is getting mature, a much better and brighter era, will be in a more reliable guarantee on the basis of mutual happiness, build up the relationship between men and women ”(p75).Hester Prynne's rebellious spirit is through her in China and foreign countries in the performance of the novel and the two aspects of internal performance. In Hawthorne's works, Hester Prynne is a dare to resist fate, daring to fight for life right and brave women. The external performance of Hester Prynne rebel spirit, Hester holding baby appeared at the door of the prison, the movement showed a natural dignity and force of character. Her eyes and deliberate with proud smile, looked her in the same city residents and neighbors. In such a crying shame, Hester has not fallen, lead in doomed to endure generally heavy pressure, she bravely under it. When she walked to the front of an audience, people amazed to find that she is not only eclipsed in a cloud of disaster, it flashed a beautiful light. If more rebellious behavior shows his strong personality and she only early female consciousness, then later rebellion marked the maturity of her feminine consciousness, Hester's female consciousness from germination to awakening, from awakening to the sign of maturity, finally reflected in the forest she brave, boldly encouraging Dimmesdale and she fled together, to seek for their new life. Hester Prynne rebel spirit of internal performance, Hester's rebellion spirit is also reflected by her inner world. On the surface, it seems that Hester began to clear the Canon to discipline yourself, a poor, ascetic life, as a matter of fact, she is in this way to express her inner dissatisfaction and revolt. At the start of the novel, when Hester appeared in public, in her clothes in the chest, showed “A”form of the words are made with exquisite red cloth, surrounded by gold thread embroidery, the details of the woven in the eyes, the scarlet letter is the symbol of Hester violate Puritan precepts. When they see the scarlet letter on her breast-- the symbol of shame, all people were very surprised and angry. With such an elaborate embroidered letter, Hester put it as a weapon of his heart to subvert and overthrow it in the Puritan society represented by sin and shame. This delicate the scarlet letter, it seems that also can represent her spirit, she is more of a Puritan to defy authority, son is not committed to herconfession “crimes”. In addition to Hester embroider the exquisite visible in his the scarlet letter, she also use their daughter pearl, dab hand sewing clothes to express pent-up passion inside and rebellious spirit. Pearl doesn't dress coarse clothes. Hester village mouth luxurious fabrics, try our best to search and use her biggest imagination, decorate the child to wear clothes in front of people. She used her dexterous hands, prominent, elegant with her bosom, with pearl, wearing bright, colorful clothes to express her inner dissatisfaction and resistance of puritan's hair. There is no language, no action, but in her inner repression and rebellion, and yearning for a better life are expressed by means of the implicit.2.3 A Sacrificial WomanThe story of The Scarlet Letter happened in 17th century colonial Boston in New England. Beautiful young Hester Prynne too simple, when she was still immature, haven't figure out what love was, in failure, deformity of old Roger Chillingworth, scholars had lied to her, made her his wife, Rogge herself admitted: “first of all is I hurt you, I put you bud of the decadence of the youth and me into a false and unnatural relationship”(p45). Hester youthful and Chillingworth decrepit withered, and have a disability, all day long he addicted to judgments in the cadastral, lack of care and considerate to his wife. As you can imagine, the marriage of Hester in the field of her spirit is very empty, very poor. Hester later recalled she and Chillingworth's life, “can only count them as her most ugly recalled. She believes that she had endured his tepid also shook to shake hands with him, and have the heart to use her lips and eyes smile to meet him, is her greatest the confession of sin. Moreover, she believes, in knew she didn't choose love period, Chillingworth deception she called her obsession with him is happy, then commits sin, is better than people later on she commits any crime, more despicable “Such a combination, can only reflect a kind of compulsive, absurdity, it should be said that the ugly and immoral. And Chillingworth was not regarded his wife as people with needs, but as her own property, when watching Hester punished in the scaffold, he didn't have any compassion, cajole instead, trying to threats, put her on the edge of the more painful. What he did is not out of love for Hester, but the result of selfishness, insidious revenge. Therefore, Hester is the victim of a marriage. She is the victim of darkness.In the 17th century, the puritans authority leads New England at that time, the novel Boston gloomy scaffold that stand on the market and it is a vivid reflection of the fist of the Puritan political prison. This “ugly” prison “oldest old” is the new world, its front door both “ferocious and grim” and “desolate and dim”. From the ferocious, eerie warder, people can experience the majesty of “spooky”Puritan code. The establishment of the scaffold purpose is, under the eyes of the maximum exposure of criminals each a spark of shame, it is for humanity's greatest blasphemy. Hester lives in a rule of the Puritan society, patriarchal society. She is a woman in her struggle against fate, the pursuit of happiness, her life is in your lover's defection, husband's revenge, religion and society played a female under the suppression of elegy. The three men associated with the fate of Hester Prynne was filled with thick male colorseveral forces pushed the brandy in the bottom of suffering. So She was the victim of Puritan rule, she not only at the expense of his flesh, and dignity. She is the victim of the society at that time.ConclusionTo sum up, Hester is peculiar to a woman who is both nature and temperament, with rebel spirit of female image. She fights with rotten Puritan rule stubbornly, bold to pursue your own happiness, showing impressive brave and strong. Through her own unremitting struggle, hard more economic freedom, mentally and physically, make her model to the heart of many women. Her resistant life gives women, especially unfortunate women a lot of enlightenment. She told the women should be how to survive in the adverse circumstance, how to win their own should enjoy equal rights and freedom rights, realize self value. The image is unremitting pursuit, with the modern women's independence, vibrant compared to the beauty of the female image.Reading The scarlet letter, we are surprised to find that, the original Hawthorne as early as 150 years ago on Hester created the prototype of the modern women for us. At the end of the story, he also envisions a future society of equality of men and women, this both in the historical environment at that time and in human civilization highly developed today, is a very progressive and valuable. Therefore, there is reason to believe that only we know the past again, to rediscover the future.。
An Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter 浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用
本科生毕业论文An Analysis of Symbolism in TheScarlet Letter浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用姓名学号专业指导教师An Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet LetterA Thesis Submitted toForeign Languages Department ofHenan University of Economics and Law inPartial Fulfillment of the Requirements for theDegree of Bachelor of ArtsByXXXSupervisor: XXXMay 30, 2011毕业论文开题报告AbstractNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century. As a great romantic novelist, Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolism.The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne’s most important symbolic novel, which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature. And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. In this work, Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly. In The Scarlet Letter, symbolism runs through the whole novel. The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itself. Not only does ―A‖ manifest in various forms, but also it has changing meanings from ―adultery‖ to ―able‖, even ―a nge lic‖ in the novel. Besides, the name of the four major characters in the novel: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings. Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail, the forest, the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance. The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the three aspects mentioned above and analyze Hawthorne’s sk illful use of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter.Key Words: the scarlet letter；symbolism；Hester Prynne；Pearl摘要纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。
霍桑《红字》论文
Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Hester Prynne Nathaniel Hawthorne was an excellent romantic American writer in 19th century. Hawthorne was born on the fourth of July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. He is considered as the most renowned romance American writer of fiction. His romantic writing is a landmark of the romantic period in American literature. But the innovation of his works has surpassed the limits of romanticism, before his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter had been published; he created a lot of thought-provoking short stories and began to show his brilliant writing talents in American literature. He tried to explore the origin of the sin and the result, revealing the moral value and psychology’s effect to human’s innocence. He has written quantities of classic works, such as The Scarlet Letter, The House of The Seven Gables, The Blithedale Romance, and The Marble Faun, besides there is also three stories collections: Twice-Told Tales, Moss from an Old Manse, and The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales. He is the first American writer to define his works as romance. Besides, Hawthorne is one of the forefathers of symbols. He was the creator of a new age of romantic novels and psychological analysis novels. The Scarlet Letter was his masterpiece, which had been regarded as one of the greatest moral cultural allegories in America. And it also was the first symbolism novel in the developmental history of America, which, at the same time, was a masterpiece concentrated epitomized Hawthorne’s consciousness about “original sin”.The novel takes place during the summer in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts in a Puritan village. A young woman, named Hester Prynne, has been led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and on the breast of her gown "a rag of scarlet cloth" that "assumed the shape of a letter." It was the uppercase letter "A". The Scarlet Letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin—a badge of shame—for all to see. But, at the beginning of this novel, their love story had already finished, and it focused on influences of sins caused by love. The main characters of this love story suffered so much in their spirits. One of them wore a letter “A”, which firstly symbolized “Adultery”,for her rest of her life, being suffered criticism and abuse that came from other people; the other one gradually became weaker under his conscience self-abuse, and then died.There were four leading characters in this novel, they were Hester Prynne, the heroine, Chillingworth, Prynne’s husband, Dimmesdale, Prynne’s lover,and Pearl, daughter of Prynne and Dimmesdale. Hester Prynne, the heroine, was a woman brave enough to get up to struggle against her fate. She was a beautiful enthusiastic young woman. Hawthorne described as a perfect woman with slender figure, who is too beautiful, and would be mistaken as a rich madam in higher class. But she was unfortunate being born in an ancient declining aristocrat family. She was mostly loved by her family before her marriage with Chillingworth, who was a disabled aged scientist. They were just tied up by their parents, so they did not love each other. This young woman was sent to the colonies by her husband, who plans to join her later but is presumed lost at sea. She is a symbol of the acknowledged sinner; one whose transgression has been identified and who makes appropriate, socio-religiousatonement. In her lonely life, Prynne fell in love with Dimmesdale, a handsome young minister. Then they had a daughter named Pearl. As the punishment of her betray to her marriage, she must wore a letter “A” in her dress. Hester Prynne had a strong female image of bearing insult and being full of resistance. Hawthorne granted her with many identities, such as adultery Puritan, a wife betrayed her husband, a fully loved lover, and a single mum. She had undertaken the criticism from many sides, as society,religion and morality.It’s no doubt that Prynne was firm and strong. Faced with difficulties and humiliations, she didn’t yiel d to them, but showed the public her shining smile. Hester is physically described in the first scaffold scene as a tall young woman with a "figure of perfect elegance on a large scale." Her most impressive feature is her "dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam." Her complexion is rich, her eyes are dark and deep, and her regular features give her a beautiful face. In fact, so physically stunning is she that "her beauty shone out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped."What you saw from her only was her calmness, her natural dignity and strength of her individuality. She did do not give up to life, not retreat, neither humble nor pushy in action. It was the very self-approval conviction that was holding her back to bear such pain and suffering. It was the very conviction that made her living under such kind of pressure. Prynne believed that she should do something to change this kind of situation, and she was brave enough to fight against the customs that never had been shook before. She was not let down by the letter “A” she wore, instead, she stand up to fight with her fate, and had made a new life all by herself.The scarlet letter “A” was a symbol of sin and shame in Puritanism. Ove r the seven years of her punishment, Hester's inner struggle changes from a victim of Puritan branding to a decisive woman in tune with human nature. Therefore, Prynne showed us her human nature charm and her dignity. Her arduous resistance and her pursuit of life were symbols of breaking the former moral chains. At the same time, people were touched by Prynne’s indomitable living will and her good nature. That is to say, many people would no longer regarded the scarlet letter “A” as the symbol of shame and sin, but instead, they thought it symbolized “Able” and “Angel”. It was her strong desire to a good life that made she realized her being values as a woman.Hawthorne attributes this transformation to her lonely position in the world and her suffering. No friend, no companion, no foot crossed the threshold of her cottage. In her solitude, she had a great deal of time to think. Also, Hester has Pearl to raise, and she must do so amid a great number of difficulties. Her shame in the face of public opinion, her loneliness and suffering, and her quiet acceptance of her position make her respond to the calamities of others.In the end, Hester's strength, honesty, and compassion carry her through a life she had not imagined. While Dimmesdale dies after his public confession and Chillingworth dies consumed by his own hatred and revenge, Hester lives on, quietly, and becomes something of a legend in the colony of Boston. The scarlet letter made her what she became, and, in the end, she grew stronger and more at peace through her suffering.The image of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter,that portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne, was the first real heroine in American novels, which, at the same time, also was one of the for good ones. Prynne told people how to survive from adverse circumstances with her own example. We could learn that how to get ourselves equal to everyone and how to get free equal rights. What had encouraged us most was the very spirit of struggling with fate. Just for this, the scarlet letter “A” she wore marked the awaken of female rights, and it would shining eternally.What is most remarkable about Hester Prynne is her strength of character. While Hawthorne does not give a great deal of information about her life before the book opens, he does show her remarkable character, revealed through her public humiliation and subsequent, isolated life in Puritan society. Her inner strength, her defiance of convention, her honesty, and her compassion may have been in her character all along, but the scarlet letter brings them to our attention. She is, in the end, a survivor.The Scarlet Letter, written by the great American romantic writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a work shook the world. Its eternal charm are not only lied in its criticisms of Puritans’ wanton ly trampling on humanity, but more important are the connotative thought of feminism. In The Scarlet letter, Hawthorne put this kind of consciousness into the heroine, Prynne’s inner world. Hawthorne revealed unequal treatment of women through dissecting P rynne’s social status. Therefore, The Scarlet Letter attained an immediate and lasting success because it addressed spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. The Scarlet Letter represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.。
英语专业论文 霍桑与红字象征手法的运用
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the encouragement, the guidance, and the support of many other people. First of all, I would extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks to my supervisor Professor Liu Yang, who has given me valuable suggestions and insightful comments in the thesis writing. He has also spent much time going through brainstorming with me, put my work on the right track, read in great details every draft of every section of this thesis, and helped improve the appropriateness of English used. My gratitude to Professor Liu Yang knows no bound.Special thanks also go to my family for their unfailing support and love throughout my university study.CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAbstract（in English） (1)Abstract（in Chinese） (1)I．Introduction (1)1.1 The Brief Introduction of the Story (2)1.2 An Introduction to the Author (2)1. 2.1 The Author’s Growth and Main Works (2)1.2.2 The Fame of the Author (3)1.3 Background (3)1.3.1 Social Background of the 17th Century (3)1.3.2 The Purita nism in America (4)II.Symbolism (4)2.1 The Definition of Symbolism (4)2.2 The Form of Symbolism (4)III. The Use of Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter (5)3.1 Different Meanings of the Scarlet Letter “A” (5)3.2 Symbolism Names of Characters (7)3.2.1 Hester Prynne (7)3.2.2Pearl (8)3.2.3 Roger Chillingworth (9)3.2.4 Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale (9)3.3 Symbolic Natural Environment and Objects Described in the Novel (10)3.3.1 Red Bird (10)3.3.2 Light and Darkness (10)3.3.3 Prison and scaffold (11)3.3.4 The Forest and the Stream (12)IV. The Influence of Symbolism in America Literature (12)V．Conclusion (12)BIBLIOGRAPHY (14)DECLARATIONHawthorne and the Use of Symbolism in the Scarlet LetterAbstract：Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist as well as distinguished forerunner of symbolism in the nineteenth century in America. The Scarlet Letter is American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous work. Hawthorne’s symbolism usage was displayed so well, that it makes the Scarlet Letter known all around the world. It is regard as the first symbolic novel in American literature because of the ingenious using of symbolism. This thesis mainly concentrates on symbolism. The novel revolves around one major symbol the scarlet letter. Besides, some other environments that are described in the novel have their symbolic meaning. At the same time, the instruction to the author’s growth and his own major works. The influence of this novel on Romance period，and the author’s use of symbolism.Key words: The scarlet letter; symbolism; Nathaniel Hawthorne; the use of symbolism摘要:霍桑是一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家，同时也十九世纪杰出的象征主义先驱。
TheScarletletter《红字》文学评论论文
TheScarletletter《红字》文学评论论文The Symbolism in The Scarlet LetterAbstractNathaniel Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of The Scarlet Letter. It is a representative one of his ideal and artistic style and is regarded as the first American symbolic fiction and is one of the few books that is remarkable, because it deals with alienation, sin, punishment, and guilt, or the emotions that will continue to be felt by every generation. The scarlet letter “A”, which covers through the whole novel, was given a variety of symbolic meanings. He expressed his feelings, emotions, will and concept through the scarlet letter” A”, some natural scenery, and some of the major characters. The use of symbolism gives romantic thoughts and great subjective ideals to readers. This paper researches the symbolism in the novel from the following aspects: the changing symbolic meaning of the scarlet letter “A”, the colors, prison, the forest, the names of the major characters described in the novel to make the symbolism clear to the reader.Key words: The Scarlet Letter, symbolism, sin摘要霍桑创作象征主义小说的独特天赋触及人类的道德的最深根源，其代表作是《红字》。
英国文学期末论文---霍桑和《红字》
Hawthorne and The Scarlet LetterAbstract: This thesis attempts to expound Hawthorne"s employment of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter through the analysis of the scarlet letter "A", the characters and the settings. It also explores Hawthorne"s conflicting views on the world, and demonstrates that he is both an heir and a critic of Puritanism. Hawthorne also found much in transcendental thoughts to attract him, including its radicalism, its stress on the soul, the individual, self-reliance and independence.The introduction presents Hawthorne"s short biography, his achievements and position in American literature, and gives an account of the background and main content of story. It also introduces the use of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter, to be discussed in more detail in the following chapters.The first chapter discusses the symbol of the color red and the multi-layered meanings of the letter "A". The symbolic meanings of the letter change with the development of the story, and are different to various characters.Through symbols, Hawthorne presents the psychological aspect of the characters. The symbols are also used for the readers to study the psychological reactions of the victims and to probe into the depths of personality.The conclusion studies Hawthorne"s psychological conflicts, which are sources of multi-layered symbolic meanings. In this part, Hawthorne"s techniques, especially his symbolism, is further investigated. Meanwhile, it raises issues that need further exploration. Hawthorne"s influence in literature goes far beyond his time. The Scarlet Letter is an excellent example of romantic literature of the 19th century, a masterpiece of profound and lasting .significance. His portrayals of the struggle of the human soul have made him an outstanding figure in the history of world literature.Key Words：inner world，soul，sin，punishment，symbolism，puritanism，psychological conflictsHawthorne is the first American native writer to take local materials, scenery, people, their lives and thoughts into his conscious creation and thus gain anundying fame for it. The Scarlet Letter is set against the harsh backdrop of the Puritan colony in 17th century Boston and insinuates with thick religious color in which Calvinism and mysticism are portrayed through the novel, which adds enormous charm and driving power to this classic work. The Scarlet Letter launched Hawthorne's creation and success.The novel distinguishes itself from the other love stories in the nineteenth century and is called "a psychological romance". This love story enables Hawthorne to reach a tragic vision: to explore the inner world of his created characters, to understand the inner necessity of everything they do, and thus to pity and forgive them in the very act of laying bare their weaknesses, showing how they branded sinners for life.The Scarlet Letter is without question a novel about sin and guilt, though, as we should expect of Hawthorne, it is not a simple matter to determine who, or what, is the subject of these themes. Are Hester and Dimmesdale the principle sinners, or does their suffering, if not their love, absolve them? If we assume that the novel is an allegory, involving significant episodes and issues from American history, particularly the Salem witch trials, then is it America itself that is guilty of great sin? If this is the case (and many critics feel that it is), then we should reverse the most obvious terms of guilt and sin that the novel presents and read the representatives of authority as the principal figures of guilt.Following this line of interpretation, we can see Hawthorne attempting to individualize national sin in the actual historical characters of Governor Bellingham and John Wilson. We can even take this reading one step further and see Hawthome attempting to absolve himself and his own family lineage when we recall that one of his own forefathers, John Hathorne, was a particularly cruel prosecutor during the witch hysteria. Closely related to the conflict of the individual and society is the theme of stability, change, and transformation. One of the important places where this theme is introduced is actually outside the proper narrative, in Hawthorne's introduction, "The Custom-House."Although Puritan society is unforgiving towards the sinful scarlet letter, their strictness improved the bearers of the sin. The scarlet letter was also an example of how Puritan society will always remember the sin. “Whenstrangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter-and none failed to do so, they branded it afresh into Hester’s soul.”A letter “A”but freshly green, instead of scarlet was created by her, showing how Hawthorne made a jest at the punishment Puritans put upon Hester. And the scarlet letter was also a toy to Pearl, something that she enjoyed. Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter to depict his feelings of the exaggerated emotions of the puritans and their overly dramatic punishments. I also find the symbolism in this novel is used quite skillful. The technique he uses makes his novel more artistic.Ⅰ. About Hawthorne’s writing skillsFirstly, Hawthorne arouses readers" interest by intensifying his simple plot through a technique of psychological characterisation. Hawthorne seems to be influenced a lot by the sin and evil in his sense. He believes evil exists in human heart all the time. For example, in the novel The Scarlet Letter, the minister Dimmesdale tries to pretend how pure and pious he is. He wants to cover up the evil in his mind. Not only Dimmesdale wants to do like this, but also all the people in the world, because we are only human beings. And the evil just likes a mark which exists in our mind when we are born.Secondly, in Hawthorne’s mind, people who commit a crime must be punished, because people can get experience from this way. And also he supports people to tell the truth and not to offend. This point is very important because Hawthorne is frequently credited with portraying Puritanism in this novel in a remarkable authentic and convincing manner.Thirdly，Hawthorne's characteristic use of ambiguity is both a central theme and a central technique of the novel. One of the most obvious problems when discussing The Scarlet Letter is determining the identity of the narrator. This difficulty is clearly intentional. In the second paragraph of "The Custom-House," Hawthorne claims that he is merely "explaining how a large portion of the following pages came into his possession," hoping to offer "proofs of the authenticity of a narrative therein contained." Hawthorne proclaims himself only an editor, "or very little more." Yet later he states that "I have allowed myself nearly or altogether as much license as if the facts had been entirely of my own invention," and all he is willing to verify is "the authenticity of the outline." Hawthorne renders this beautiful passage to remind the reader, seemingly at every turn, that meaning, or truth, will be profoundlydifficult to uncover.Ⅱ.The symbolism of the Scarlet letter “A”The tragedy of The Scarlet Letter has mainly sprung not from the intolerant Puritan society"s imposition of false social ideals on the characters, but from their own inner world of frustrated desires.In this novel, the scarlet letter “A”, worn on Hester’s bosom, is a symbol of her adultery against her husband Roger Chinllingworth. Put the letter “A”on her bosom and let her show to the public is the puritan way to treat her as a criminal. Hester is looked down upon as if she is the demon from the hell that commits a terrible crime. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to take Hester feel unwanted. Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality. She is always with a mind of courage. She has been alone with her child for so long , with litter communication. Shame! Hopelessness! Loneliness! Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame. This is the commonest way to explain the letter. But actually I think the scarlet letter “A”is a symbol of being able and admirable. It is not a praise of a Hester sinning, but a hymn on the moral growth of the woman when sinned against. The reasons are as follow.When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal. If she be all tenderness, she will die. If she survive, the tenderness will leave her. Hester raises her child for 7 years by herself. She does not tell others who is the father of her child. She refuses to confess the man just because he is a clergyman; he stands for clean and honest, stands for noble. Hester just wants to protect the man she loves. And also she realizes her sin. She does not choose to avoid her fault. On the contrary, she tries her best to atone for it. She helps others who are poor or sick as possible as she can. At last, she overcomes the shame of her sin through the purity and goodness of her soul.Over the seven years of her punishment, Hester's inner struggle changes from a victim of Puritan branding to a decisive woman in tune with human nature. When she meets Dimmesdale in the forest in Chapter 18, Hawthorne says, "The tendency of her fate and fortunes had been to set her free. The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread."All in all, The Scarlet Letter is significant. Hester’s charitable deeds and quiethumility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks. It shows the progressive possession of Hester’s sin, her lonely life, and her ability. In time, even the Puritan community sees the letter as meaning "Able" or "Angel." Her sensitivity with society's victims turns her symbolic meaning from a person whose life was originally twisted and repressed to a strong and sensitive woman with respect for the humanity of others. In her final years, "the scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which attracted the world's scorn and bitterness, and became a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon with awe, yet with reverence, too." Since her character is strongly tied to the scarlet letter, Hester represents the public sinner who changes and learns from her own sorrow to understand the humanity of others. Often human beings who suffer great loss and life-changing experiences become survivors with an increased understanding and sympathy for the human losses of others.Hester is such a symbol. Hester is a strong admirable woman who goes through more emotional torture that most people go through in a lifetime.Bibliography:〔1〕余志远.英语国家概况.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2000.P238.〔2〕史志康.美文学背景概观 [M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1998.P65.〔3〕朱锦锐.“The Puritan Flavour---Comment on The Scarlet Letter”. Journal of Changji University,Sept.2002,No.3:P92.〔4〕liu Feng. “A Pietist, or Sceptic---On Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Puritanism Thought”. Chang Chun University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences),Vol.18,Mar.2005,No.1:P47.〔5〕Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter .青岛：青岛出版社，2004.P42.〔6〕Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter .青岛：青岛出版社，2004.P43.〔7〕Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter .青岛：青岛出版社，2004.P147. 〔8〕张丽君.“Hester As a Rebel Against Puritanism”. Journal of Hulunbeir College,No.2 Vol.7,Sept.1999:P85.〔9〕Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter .青岛：青岛出版社，2004.P129. 〔10〕liu Feng. “A Pietist, or Sceptic---On Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Puritanism Thought”. Chang Chun University of Science and Technology (SocialSciences),Vol.18 No.1,Mar.2005:P48.〔11〕张雅琳.“The Scarlet Letter---An Accusation Against Puritan Law.” Journal of Jinzhong Teachers College,Vol.17 No.4,Dec.2000:P41.〔12〕 Emory Elliott, General Editor. Columbia Literary History of the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.〔13〕 Horton, Rod W. and Herbert W. Edwards. Backgrounds of American Literary Thought [M]. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentic-Hall, Inc, 1974.〔14〕 Ye Chunli .“Hawthorne’s Thoughts in The Scarlet Letter”. Journal of Bingtuan Education Institute,vol.10 No.3,Sep.2000.〔15〕姚乃强译.红字（M）.南京：译林出版社，1996.。
关于霍桑的英文作文
关于霍桑的英文作文英文：Hawthorne is one of my favorite American authors. His writing style is unique and his stories are always thought-provoking. One of my favorite works by Hawthorne is "The Scarlet Letter." This novel explores the themes of sin, guilt, and redemption in a Puritan society. The characters are complex and their struggles are relatable.Another thing I admire about Hawthorne is his use of symbolism. In "The Scarlet Letter," the letter "A" represents both adultery and the character's ability to overcome her shame and become a stronger person. Hawthorne's use of symbolism adds depth to his stories and invites readers to think critically about the themes he presents.Overall, I appreciate Hawthorne's ability to create complex characters and explore deep themes in his writing.中文：霍桑是我最喜欢的美国作家之一。
红字英语读书报告范文
红字英语读书报告红字英语读书报告范文红字英语读书报告范文第一篇：《红字》读书报告The Spirit of The Scarlet LettersThe Scarlet Letter, written by Hawthorn,who was an American novelist and short story writer, show us a story about soul. As you known, everyone has soul, but someone maintain the soul, some people damage the soul, and others lose the soul, so the world is filled with all kinds of life and the story of human.The protagonist, Hester Prynne, wore the scarlet letters on her chest symbolizing the harshness of Puritan society, just because she fell in love with the priest, Arthur Dimmesdale and then had a child. For protecting the priest's reputation, she accepted the punishment with no hesitation----a red A letter on her chest meaning Adultery. Although it is absolutely difficult for her to live normally and happily with a red A, she is a great woman who had never surrendered to the fate, who even showed the contempt for the fate all her life, who had a spirit of sacrifice for pure love. She deeply knew if you want to gain freedom and liberation, you have no choice but to fighting with the pedantic Puritan and the dark society. With a hotly public opinion,Hester Prynne is no doubt guilty of adultery and accused by religion, but she choosed to face the dark days with a positive attitude.Faced with the mistake she had done, she just felt no regret but consciousness. She is the woman who had always been resisting the miserable fate, who was always looking forward to a better life, whose heart was full of unselfish love.Her consciousness and adamancy, doughtiness and unconvention showed a supercharacter of the new colonial women. With the mind of strong resistance and fighting will, she had obviously already showed the view of objecting to the Puritan and the common customs.So she became noble man receiving the respect from other people, at the same time, she succeeded in eliminating the shame form the red A which should become the symbol of noble in the end.That is the reason why the Hester Prynne impressed me a lot.In my opinion, the scarlet letters not only represent the shame or the symbol of noble, but, in fact, a spiritual hint and pressure.Everyone, more or less, is likely to have the scarlet letters in his or her own heart.When we do something wrong, there is always a justice reminding us that the things what we have done was wrong.And then you will have the continuously torment of conscience, so some criminals will surrender, and even feel ashamed or what we have done. It is the scarlet letter in our heart which is having an effect on us, isn't it ?Everybody has his scarlet letter, but some are the voice of the justice, some are the crime of the accused. The Scarlet letter is yourself and defeating the scarlet letter is facing yourself.The Scarlet Letter let me to feel the peace after the depression, the happiness after the pain.第二篇：《红字》读书报告A Book Report of The Scarlet LetterBy Lan Jianlong, 2010The Scarlet Letter is written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, an American novelist, and was published by Shanghai Translation Press in 1989.The story is set in Boston in the 17th century .At that time, the City Fathers moved to New England, and built the houses, the churches as well as the prisons with their own hands. Theybrought the customs and religion of old England with them, and strong bias towards women.The gist of the story is as follows: Hester Prynne is the female protagonist in this novel. She is a young, beautiful and gentle woman –a perfect woman in people’s eye. However, she married Roger Chilingworth, an old misshapen man, who is also a doctor. She feels no happiness at all. Several years later, her husband was lost on the sea, so with nobody accompanying her, she had to live a lonely life. Just like the flaming fire in the night, a young, energetic priest named Arthur Dimmesdale, came into her life. They fell in love with each other, and they spent a period time of life full of passion and true love. Soon Hester found that she became pregnant. Owing to this, she was arrested and gave birth to a little girl in the prison. At that time, only would she tell the public the name of the adulterer, could she got rid of the imputation. As we know, a priest would be blamed and punished badly if he does something that is forbidden by God. In order to protect his high position and good reputation, she accepted the shame, wore the scarlet letter, which referred to shame, and stood alone under the scaffold in the public. The person who questioned Hester happened to be Mr. Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale himself had a pure heart--he may couldn’t help crying out that he was the adulterer, but at last he didn’t bring himself to admit his guilt. To him, the letter was a combination of guilty, misery and evilness. From that day on, he had printed the letter A in his mind .Hester’s former husband Chilingworth came back someday and he decided to take revenge on the priest. He pretended to be the priest’s doctor and friend,but his real intention was to gnaw his heart with endless guilty. His revenge lasted for seven years. And finally, Mr.Dimmesdale couldn’t bear the misery hidden deep in his heart, and he told the townspeople, who always thought highly of him, that he was the very man. Standing under the scaffold, he became strong enough to do the thing that he failed to do seven years ago. He pulled open his shirt for them to see the scarlet letter on his chest. No one had ever put the letter on his chest, but they saw the red-hot “A” blazing up. He felt his life was lies, emptiness and death. Luckily, he got a clear conscience in the end.After reading this novel, I begin to understand the western culture and the religion in the 17th century. Here I can only give you my own view instead of the common view. I just analysis the characters in this story as follows, because of the limitation of the number of words. The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century in American Puritan society. The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present. The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times. It concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in general. It’s not simply a love story or a story of sin. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago. It narrates love affairs between three persons. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester’s husband, Who called himself Roger Chillingworth. He is an old doctor. Hester does not love him at all. Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, whohas a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town. Hester and Dimmesdale love each other. But their love is forbidden in that time. It is sinful. Due to this, Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A. Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality. She is always with a mind of courage. She has been alone with her child for so long, with little communication. Shame!Hopelessness! Loneliness! Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame. When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal. If she be all tenderness, she will die. If she survives, the tenderness will leave her .Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. The letter on her chest represents her work on earth, always helping others, without expecting any thanks. Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave her chest. The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment, but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”. But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight. He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven. He is too weak to admit his sins. He suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. What’s worse, he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins. After Mr. Dimmesd ale’s death , no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chillingworth. All his strength and energy has been usedto harm his patient. This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister. When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose, the devil takes him back to the hell. It is a curious subject of observation, however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place. Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person. The two feelings seem basically the same, expect that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.Before reading the book, I didn’t know what the writer would sayabout an ordinary letter “A”. But after reading, I have learnt that you should be brave enough to show your guilty, or it will be worse to hide it in mind. It is like a snake keeps biting your heart and won’t make you feel better until you speak your mind.。
《红字》英文读后感（最终5篇）
《红字》英文读后感（最终5篇）第一篇：《红字》英文读后感The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century if American puritan society.The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present.The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times.It concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in gener al.It’s not simply a love story or a story of sin.The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago.It narrates love affairs between three persons.The punished woman.Hester prynne and his husband.Who called himself Roger Chillingworth.He is an old misshapen man and a doctor.Hester does not love him at all.Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town.Hester and Dimmesdale love each other.But their love is forbidden in that time.It is sinful.Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A.Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality.She is always with a mind of courage.She has been alone with her child for so long , with litter communication.Shame!Hopelessness!Loneliness!Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman has lived through a difficultexperience, her character changes a great deal.If she be all tenderness, she will die.If she survive, the tenderness will leave her.Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks.Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave her chest.The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment , but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven.He is too weak to admit his sins.He suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress.What’s worse, he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins.After Mr.Dimmesdale’s death , no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chilling worth.All his strength and energy has been used to harm his patient.This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister.When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose, the devil takes him back to the hell.It is a curious subject of observation, however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place.Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person.The two feelings seem basically the same, expect that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers has ever decided to flee to Europe, where they can live with their dauthter pearl as a family.They feel a sense of release there.However, their plan fails…… When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale.The two share a single tombstone, with adeep colored letter A shining brightly.第二篇：《红字》英文读后感《红字》英文读后感The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century if American Puritan society.The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present.The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times.It concerns about the moral, emotional andpsychological effect of the sin on people ingeneral.It’s not simply a love story or a story of sin.The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life.The story happened in Boston about 200 yearsago.It narrates love affairs between three persons.The punished woman.Hester Prynne and his husband.Who called himself Roger Chillingworth.He is an old misshapen man and a doctor.Hester does not love him at all.Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town.Hester and Dimmesdale love each other.But their love is forbidden in that time.It is sinful.Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letterA on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A.Hester is brave enough to face thecruel reality.She is always with a mind of courage.She hasbeen alone with her child for so long , with litter communication.Shame!Hopelessness!Loneliness!Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal.If she be all tenderness, she will die.If she survive, the tenderness will leave her.Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks.Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave herchest.The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment , but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”.But Arthur Dimmes dale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven.He is too weak to admit his sins.He suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress.What’s worse, he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins.After Mr.Dimmesdale’s death , no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chilling worth.All his strength and energy has been used to harm hispatient.This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister.When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose, the devil takes him back to the hell.It is a curious subject of observation, however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place.Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person.The two feelings seem basically the same,expect that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers has ever decided to flee to Europe, where they can live with their dauthter Pearl as a family.They feel a sense of release there.However, their plan fails…… When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale.T he two share a single tombstone, with a deep colored letter A shining brightly.092003163709英本6班周扬琳第三篇：红字英文读后感The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century if American Puritan society.The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present.The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times.It concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in general.It’s not simply a love story or a story of sin.The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago.It narrates love affairs between three persons.The punished woman.Hester Prynne and his husband.Who called himself Roger Chillingworth.He is an old misshapen man and a doctor.Hester does not love him at all.Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town.Hester and Dimmesdale love each other.But their love is forbidden in that time.It is sinful.Due to this,Hester is punished by society with aletter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A.Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality.She is always with a mind of courage.She has been alone with her child for so long , with litter communication.Shame!Hopelessness!Loneliness!Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal.If she be all tenderness, she will die.If she survive, the tenderness will leave her.Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community.The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks.Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave her chest.The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment , but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight.He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven.He is too weak to admit his sins.He suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress.What’s worse, he is an advisor to the townspeople about their si ns.After Mr.Dimmesdale’s death , no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chilling worth.All his strength and energy has been used to harm his patient.This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister.When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose, the devil takes him back to the hell.It is a curious subject of observation, however, whether hatred or love are not of the sameplace.Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person.The two feelings seem basically the same, expect that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers has ever decided to flee to Europe, where they can live with their dauthter Pearl as a family.They feel a sense of release there.However, their plan fails…… When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale.The two share a single tombstone, with a deep colored letter A shining brightly.通知：明天十点至一月四日晚上十二点选课。
美国文学史-霍桑与红字
The Scarlet Letter by Nathanial HawthorneHis dismissal freed him to write The Scarlet Letter《红字》, which was published in 1850 and brought him great fame as well as large fortune enough to make him financially comfortable. In the same year, he moved to Lenox for a temporary residence where he formed friendship with his "not-too-distant neighbor", Herman Melville, who was writing Moby Dick 《白鲸》and later dedicated this book to Hawthorne.[6] T he Scarlet Letter launched Hawthorne's creation and success (带动了创作和成功). The following years saw his series of famous works come out one on the heels of another : The House of the Seven Gables《带有七个尖角阁的房子》, The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》and a Wonder-Book《一本奇妙的书》and The Tanglewood Tales《丛林故事》. His last complete novel The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》was published in 1860.BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE SCARLET LETTERHeste Prynne has shocked the Puritans of Boston by committing adultery. Two years before the opening of the story, she was sent to America alone by her husband to await his coming. As far as the world knows, Hester's husband, Dr. Prynne (an elderly scientist), has disappeared. All of Boston is anxious for Hester to tell the name of her secret lover, the father of her child named Pearl. Hester leaves the prison and walks to the market place where she mounts the step of a scaffold （登上绞刑台的台阶）. The magistrates （地方法官）have been merciful to her --she has not been condemned to death for her crime against society. However, she is to stand on the scaffold for several hours so that the townspeople may see her, the tiny, three-month-old baby, and the cloth scarlet letter "A" which she wears on her bosom. Governor Bellingham, the Reverend John Wilson, and the Reverend (神圣的) Arthur Dimmesdale try to get Hester to name her lover. She refuses, much to the relief of Dimmesdale. While Hester is trying to forget the horror of the present (by remembering the past), she sees a familiar figure on the edge of the crowd. This "stranger" is her husband Dr. Prynne, who cautions her (by placing a finger to his lips) against recognizing him publicly. Later, in the prison, Dr. Prynn (under the newly assumed name of Roger Chillingworth) comes to see Hester, and demands to know the name of Hester's lover. She refuses to tell him. :He then forces her to take an oath that she will not admit to anyone that he is her husband. Soon Hester leaves the prison and takes up residence in a small cottage by the seashore. She earns her living by fine sewing and embroidering, especially on elaborate garments 缝制精致的袍子）for the magistrates (judges) to wear on special occasions. Hester's child, Pearl, grows into a beautiful child, but she is a child who will not be managed eas ily. Sometimes, her mother is upset at the "freakish, elfish" look （怪异，恶作剧的眼神）that comes into Pearl's eyes. Hester goes to Governor Bellingham's mansion to see him, for she understands that he, among others, feels that Pearl should be taken from her. While they are waiting for the Governor to appear, Pearl is highly amused to see her mother's scarlet letter "A" reflected in the brightly polished metal surface of the breastplate of asuit of armor(金属胸甲). Governor Bellingham soon appears and, aided by Reverend Wilson, questions Pearl about her religious education. The response is so unsatifactory to the Governor that he feels sure that Pearl should leave her mother. Then Hester appeals to Dimmesdale who is standing nearby. He convinces Governor Bellingham that it would be best for all if Hester and Pearl were to remain together. Roger Chillingworth, suspicious of Arthur Dimmesdale, becomes his medical attendant and constant companion. Eventually, the two men live in the same house. Chillingworth, in general terms, baits (诱使) Dimmesdale, discussing the value of confession in relieving the burden of a guilty soul. Dirnmesdale answers him in general terms about confession. He explains why he believes some people dare not conless: they are afraid that they will lose their good reputations and will then have no further opportunity to serve mankind. They part, almost in a quarrel. Later, Chillingworth walks into the chamber of the sleeping Dimmesdale and lifts away the upper part of his garment to reveal a horrifying sight on Dimmesdale's breast. Dimrnesdale punishes himself by long night watches, sometimes whipping imself, at other times fasting (绝食) or praying for long hours. Once in a while he studies his face reflected in a mirror. One night he feels that he can stand this no longer. He goes out into the market place and mounts the steps of the scaffold where Hester once stood in penance. 被罚示众) He shrieks aloud, but no one hears him but Bellingham and his sister, Mistress Hibbins who peer out their windows and then quickly go back to bed.Soon, Hester and Pearl walk by, on their way home from the bedside of the dying Governor Winthrop. At Dimmesdale's request, the two join him on the scarfold, and the three join hands there. Chillingworth soon appears and, after a meteor has lighted up the landscape (在一颗流星划过天空), leads Dimmesdale home. Hester is surprised at the weak state of health in which she finds Dimmesdale. She knows that Chillingworth has been subtly torturing him, so she resolves to seek out the old physician to see if she can aid the unhappy minister. She talks with Chillingworth and ends up saying that she "must reveal the secret,"' that is, explain that the old physician is her husband. Learning that Dimmesdale has journeyed into the forest to see the Apostle Eliot (圣徒)"among his Indian converts (皈依者), " Hester waits for the visiting minister in the forest. Pearl plays nearby in the sunshine, which always disappears when Hester approaches. Dimmesdale arrives with his hand over his heart--a familiar gesture of his.. Hester tells Arthur Dimmesdale that his "friend" Chillingworth is his enenv. He is disturbed at the news. Then he and Hesler make plans to escape the colony with Pearl. Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her long hair from under a tight cap. They invite Pearl to join them, but the child will not approach until Hester replaces the scarlet letter on her breast.The plans for the escape are completed. They will leave on Monday, the day after Arthur Dimmesdale delivers the Election Sermon 作选举日布道(a great honor to any Boston minister). On the way home from the forest,. Dimmesdale (temporarily relieved from pangs of conscienceand remorse刚从良知与悔恨的痛苦中得到片刻解脱)) meets, and is tempted to say evil words to, the following people: one of the elderly deacons of his church (年长的教民); the oldest "female member" of his congregation; the newest and youngest feminine member of his church; a group of little Puritan children; a member of the "ship's crew from the Spanish Main (来自西班牙大陆的一艘轮船上的水手)" ; and Mistress Hibbins. He res ists the temptation to shock or surprise them. He arrives home; eats a good meal, and spends all night writing his Election Sermon. On the day of the New England Holiday set aside to celebrate the annual election of the chief magistrate, there is a procession made up of musicians, of soldiers, of the leading magistrates, and of the speaker of the day the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. The minister seems full of energy. He does not know that the ship captain has just informed Hester |hat Chillingworthv will be one of the traveling party on board the ship bound for Bristol, England.Hester faintly hears Dimmesdale's sermon as she stands near the scaffold. He thrills his audience with his expressive Election Sermon. When the crowd is in the market-place, it loudly cheers him. As the procession forms again and starts to leave the market-place, Dimmesdale is seen to be weakly tottering (步履蹒跚). Refusing all help, he stops when his part of the procession nears the scaffold. He calls Hester and Pearl to him, and with Hester's help he climbs the scaffold steps. (Chillingworth tries to stop him. ) Then Arthur Chimmesdale confesses that he is Pearl's father, after which he reveals the "red stigma" (unhealed wound不愈的伤痕)) on his breast. After this, he dies on the scaffold.The story concludes with differing opinions of what people believed they heard and saw in the market-place on the scaffold. Chillingworth loses his purpose (of vengeance) in life, and he dies within the year, leaving much property in England and America to Pearl. Soon, Hester and Pearl leave Boston and disappear. Later, Hester returns alone and again taking up her badge of shame the scarlet letter "A" - she lives alone in the same small cottage by the seashore. It is thought that Pearl is happily married in Europe. After a long, full life of giving advice to women who are troubled by affairs of the heart, Hester dies and is buried beside Arthur Dimmesdale.Chapter XXIII THE REVELATION OF THE SCARLET LETTERSUMMARY OF THE CHAPTERThis chapter contains the following dramatic happenings:1. Dimmesdale concludes his Election Sermon which is cheered by the townspeople in the market-place.2. The procession starts to leave for the town-hall where a banquet is to close the ceremonies of the day. People suddenly notice that Dimmesdale no longer is filled with great energy; he seems weak and tottering.3, Dimmesdale stops opposite the scaffold and calls Hester and Pearl to his side. Chillingworth tries to stop him, but he pays no attention to the old physician. Then they all mount the steps of the scaffold, Hester helping Arthur (who has Pearl's hand clasped in his), with Chillingworth irresistibly drawn along behindthem. Dimmesdale informs the amazed townspeople that he is Pearl's father. He stuns them by tearing away the clerical cloth around his neck and revealing his "red stigma" (an unhealed wound probably formed in the shape of the letter " A") Then, solemnly saying farewell, Arthur Dimmesdale dies.The eloquent voice (滔滔不绝的布道), on which the souls of the listening audience had been borne aloft ,as on the swelling waves of the sea. (使灵魂像海浪般升腾)at length came to a pause. There was a momentary silence, profound as what should follow the utterance of oracles (接在神谕之后). Then ensued a murmur and half hushed tumult (引起一阵低语和半抑制的喧哗); as if the auditors, released from the high spell that had transported them (被崇高的法力改变到…)into the region of another ,smind, were returning into themselves (回归自己的本性), with all their awe and wonder still heavy on them (还感到敬畏和惊奇的压力). In a moment more, the crowd began to gush forth from (从…涌出) the doors of the church. Now that there was an end, they needed other breath, more fit to support the gross and earthly life (更适合他们的粗俗和现世生活的气息) into which they relapsed, than that atmosphere which the preacher had converted into words of flame, and had burdened with the rich fragrance of his thought (充满了他的思想的芳香).In the open air their rapture (狂喜) broke into speech. The street and the market-place absolutely babbled, from side to side, with applauses of (赞美)the minister. His hearers could not rest until they had told one another of what each knew better than he could tell or hear (把自己认为强过别人的见解…告诉给他人). According to their united testimony (众口同声的见证), never had man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spake this day; nor had inspiration ever breathed through mortal lips (凡人嘴里表达出的灵感) more evidently than it did through his. Its influence could be seen, as it were, descending upon him (灵感降临到他身上), and possessing him, and continually lifting him out of the written discourse that lay before him (使他超越了眼前的讲稿), and filling him with ideas that must have been as marvellous to himself as to his audience(是他的听众和他自己都感到惊奇的观念). His subject, it appeared, had been the relation between the Deity and the communities of mankind (神与人类社会的关系), with a special reference to the New England which they were here planting in the wilderness(在荒野中培育的新英格兰). And, as he drew towards the close, a spirit as of prophecy had come upon him (一种类似先知者的精神降临到他身上), constraining him to its purpose as mightily as the o1d prophets of Israel(像圣经·旧约全书中的以色列先知们) were constrained; only with this difference, that, whereas the Jewish seers had denounced judgments and ruin on their country (犹太人的预言者宣告审判与国家的毁灭), it was his mission to foretell a high and glorious destiny (崇高和光荣的前途)for the newly gathered people of the Lord. But, throughout it all, and through the whole discourse, there had been a certain deep, sad undertone of pathos （某种深沉,悲伤的弦外之音）, which could not be interpreted otherwise than (只能被理解为)as the natural regret (自然悔悟) of one soon to pass away (不久于人世). Yes ; their minister whom they so loved-- and who so loved them all, that he could not departheavenward without sigh (不能不留下一声叹息就奔赴天国)--had the foreboding of untimely death upon him (已预感到死亡临近), and would soon leave them in their tears (在他们的哭泣中离去)! This idea of his transitory stay on earth (他将不久于人世的观念) gave the last emphasis to the effect which the preacher had produced (使他最后一次地增强了作为牧师所能产生的效果) ; it was as if an angel, in his passage to the skies (在升天的过程中) , had shaken his bright wings over the people (抖动明亮的翅膀罩住人们) for an instant, --at once a shadow and a splendor (这笼罩既是阴影又是光彩), -- and had shed down a shower of golden truths upon them (向人们身上倾注了金子般的真理).Thus, there had come to the Reverend (神圣的) Mr. Dimmesdale--as to most men, in their various spheres (在他们不同的天地里/状况下), though seldom recognized until they see it far behind them (不过他们要经历很多事才会意识到)--an epoch of life more brilliant and full of triumph than any previous one (生命中最为辉煌和充满胜利的光明时期), or than any which could hereafter be (这样的时期以后也不会有了). He stood, at this moment, on the very proudest eminence of superiority (在足以非常骄傲的卓越位置上), to which the gifts of intellect （天赋的智慧）, rich lore （丰富的学识）, prevailing eloquence（雄辩的口才）, and a reputation of whitest sanctity （洁白无暇）, could exalt a clergyman （使一位牧师达到高峰）in New England's earliest days, when the professional character was of itself a lofty pedestal （该职业本身就是一种很高的基石. Much was the position which the minister occupied （他所获得的地位即这种最高峰）, as he bowed his head forward on the cushions of the pulpit （在祭坛的靠垫上低垂着头）, at the close of his Election Sermon (有关天定论的布道). Meanwhile, Hester Prynne was standing beside the scaffold of the pillory （受刑台的旁边）, with the scarlet letter still burning on her breast!Now was heard again the clangor of the music （音乐的鸣响）, and the measured tramp of the military escort (护卫队的整齐步伐声), issuing from （走出）the church-door. The procession was to be marshalled thence to the town-hall 从此地去市政厅）, where a solemn banquet would complete the ceremonies of the day.0nce more, therefore, the train of venerable and majestic father （一长列庄严而令人敬畏的长老们）was seen moving through a broad pathway of the people （在民众让开的宽阔的道路上）, who drew back reverently （敬畏地闪到一边）, on either side, as the Governor and magistrates（州长和知事）, the old and wise men, the holy ministers, and all that were eminent and renowned （有地位和名望的）, advanced into the midst of them （走入人群中间）. When they were fairly in the market- place, their presence was greeted by a shout. This -- though doubtless itmight acquire additional force and volume from the childlike loyalty （这喊声无疑又增加了声势，表明当年的人们幼稚的忠诚）which the age awarded to its rulers--was felt to be an irrepressible outburst of the enthusiasm kindled in the auditors （是会众们抑制不住的热情的爆发）by that high strain of eloquence （由于那充满张力的雄辩的布道）which was yet reverberating in their ears （在耳边回响）. Each felt the impulse in himself （每位会众都感到了这种激动）, and, in thesame breath, caught it from his neighbor（也受到旁边人的感染）.Within the church, it had hardly been kept down (这种激动就几乎抑制不住了).. beneath the sky, （到了户外）it pealed upward to the zenith （这激情编制冲云霄）. There were human beingsenough, and enough of highly wrought and symphonious feeling （有足够1往上冲的交织的激动情感）, to produce that more impressive sound （产生出更令人难忘的声音）than the organ-tones of the blast （狂风的呼啸）, or the thunder （雷霆的霹雳）, or the roar of the sea （海浪的怒吼）；even that mighty swell of many voices （许多人声强力的轰响）, blended into one great voice （交织成一种伟大的声浪）by the universal impulse （由于一种强烈的激动）which makes likewise one vast heart out of the many （使得许多人的心结成了一个巨大的心）. Never, from the soil of New England, had gone up such a shout! Never, on New England soil, had stood the man so honored by his mortal brethren （受人间弟兄们的崇拜）as the preacher!How fared it with him then （他又感觉如何呢）? Were there not the brilliant particlesof a halo in the air about his head （在空中，在他的头部上方，不是有很多光辉的小光圈吗）? So etherealized by spirit as he was （被圣灵感化得如此空灵）,and so apotheosized by worshipping admirers （被崇拜者奉为神祇）, did his footsteps in the procession （走在长老队伍中的脚步）really tread upon the dust of earth （真是踏在尘世上面吗）?( Page 225, the third paragraph from bottom)He turned towards the scaffold, and stretched forth his arms （伸出双臂）."Hester," said he, "come hither ! Come, my little Pearl ! "It was a ghastly look with which he regarded them （他注视她们时，脸色非常可怕）; but there was something at once （与此同时）tender and strangely triumphant （温柔和奇异的胜利神情）in it. The child, with the bird-like motion which was one of her characteristics, flew to him, and clasped her arms about his knees. Hester Prynne--slowly, as if impelled by inevitable fate, （像是被不可避免的命运驱使）and against her strongest will （违反了她的坚强意志）--likewise drew near, but paused before she reached him. At this instant old Roger Chillingworth thrust himself through the crowd, --or, perhaps, so dark, disturbed, and evil was his look, he rose up out of some nether region （从鬼蜮世界出来）, to snatch back his victim from what he sought to do （抓住他的牺牲者，阻止他做成想做的事）! Be that as it might （无论如何）, the old man rushed forward and caught the minister by the arm."Madman, hold （把持住啊）! What is your purpose?" whispered he. "Wave back （赶开）that woman! Cast off this, child （抛开这一切，孩子）! All shall be well! Do not blacken your fame （玷污你的声誉）, and perish in dishonor （在耻辱中毁灭）! I can yet save you ! Would you bring infamy on your sacred profession （给你神圣的事业带来污迹）?""Ha, tempter （诱惑者）! Me thinks thou art too late!" answered the minister, encountering his eye, fearfully, but firmly （与他的目光对视，仍有恐惧但很坚定）. "Thy power is not what it was! With God's help, I shall escape thee now!"He again extended his hand to the woman of the scarlet letter.(P.226, the last paragraph)The crowd was in a tumult （骚动起来）. The man of rank and dignity （有地位和身份的人）who stood more immeditely （离牧师比较近）around the clergyman, were so taken by surprise (非常吃惊) and so perplexed as to the purport of what they saw, （无法理解他们目睹的一切）--unable to receive the explanation which most readily presented itself （无法接受对此明确的解释）, or to imagine any other (又无法想出别的解释), --that they remained silent and inactive spectators of the judgment which Providence seemed about to work （由天意介入的一次审判）. They beheld the minister, leaning on Hester's shoulder and supported by her arm aroundhim, approach the scaffold, and ascend its steps, while still the little hand of the sin-born child was clasped in his （另一只手紧握着由罪恶而生的孩子的小手）, Old Roger Chillingworth followed, as one intimately connected with the drama of guilt and sorrow （仿佛是同这场罪恶和哀愁的大戏有密切联系的人）in which they had all been actors （在这场戏中全是演员）, and well entitled, （很有资格）therefore, to be present at its closing scene （现身在最后的一幕里）."Hadst thou sought the whole earth over （即使你找遍全世界）, " said he, looking darklyat the clergyman, "there was no one place so secret, --no high place nor lowly place, where thou couldst have escaped me （你是躲不过我的）, --save on this very scaffold （除了这个刑台之外，再没有一个隐秘的地方）! "* *(This paragraph starts with “People of New England!” the last paragraph in p.227)“…At last ! -- At last ! I stand upon the spot where, seven years since, I should have stood; here, with this woman, whose arm (她的臂膀), more than the little strength where with I have crept hitherward, sustains me (支撑着我), at this dreadful moment, from grovelling down upon my face! (不至于脸朝下地跌倒在地) Look, the scarlet letter which Hester wears! Ye have all shuddered at it (大家全都畏避它)! Wherever her walk hath been, --wherever, so miserably burdened, she may have hoped to find repose (希望得到安宁) , --it hath cast a lurid gleam of awe and horrible repugnance round about her (那个字在她身旁总是放射着令人畏惧和厌恶的光芒). But there stood one in the midst of you , at whose brand of sin and infamy ye have not shuddered (他的罪恶与耻辱的烙印,你们却从未躲避过)!"* *( P. 228, the second paragraph from the bottom)"It was on him (烙印就在他身上)! "he continued, with a kind of fierceness (带着一种凶猛的力量); so determined was he to speak out the whole. "God's eye beheld it(上帝的眼睛是看得见那印记的)! The angels were for ever pointing at it! The Devil knew it well, and fretted it continually with the touch of his burning finger (总是用滚烫的手拨弄它)! But he did it cunningly from men( 他狡猾地在人前藏起那印记), and walked among you with the mien of a spirit (以骄傲的神态), mournful (悲哀啊) , because so pure in a sinful world! --and sad, because hemissed his heavenly kindred (失掉了他天国的亲人)! Now, at the death-hour, he stands up before you! He bids you look again at Hester's scarlet letter ! He tells you, that, with all its mysterious horror, it is but the shadow of what he bears on his own breast, and that even this, his own red stigma is no more than the type of what has seared his inmost heart (他那久久不愈的红色伤痕,也不过是他内心烙印的表征罢了)! Stand any here that question God's judgment on a sinner (站在这里的人们,有谁怀疑上帝对一个罪人的惩罚吗)? Behold (看哪)! Behold a dreadful witness of it (看这恐怖的证据吧)!"With a convulsive motion (以痉挛的动作) he tore away the ministerial band from before his breast (胸前的牧师的饰带). It was revealed ! But it were irreverent to describe that revelation. (描述这种显露是不敬的) For an instant the gaze of the horrorstricken multitude was concentrated on the ghastly miracle (震惊而呆滞的目光都聚焦在这恐怖的奇特印记上); while the minister stood with a flush of triumph in his face (面带胜利的红潮), as one who, in the crisis of acutest pain (在极端痛苦的紧要关头), had won a victory. Then, down he sank upon the scaffold! Hester partly raised him, and supported his head against her bosom. Old Roger Chii1ingworth knelt down beside him, with a blank, dull countenance (茫然呆滞的神色), out of which the life seemed to have departed (生命似乎离开了他的脸).* *(P. 229, the third paragraph from bottom)"Hester, " said the clergyman, "farewell (永别了)! ""Shall we not meet again?" whispered she, bending her face down close to his. "Shall we not spend our immortal life together? Surely, surely, we have ransomed one another, with all this woe! (我们已经用这一切悲苦彼此赎了罪) Thou lookest far into eternity (你遥望永恒), with those bright dying eyes! Then tell me what thou seest?”“Hush, Hester, hush!” said he, with tremulous solemnity (颤抖然而庄严地) “The law we broke! -- the sin here so awfully revealed! – let these alone be in thy thoughts (你只能想着这些)!I fear! I fear! It may be, that when we forgot our God, -- when we violated our reverence each for the other’s soul,(彼此侵犯了对方灵魂的敬畏) – it was thenceforth vain to hope that we could meet hereafter, in an everlasting and pure reunion (希望再次相遇,在永恒与纯洁中重新结合) . God knows; and He is merciful! He hath proved his mercy, most of all, in my afflictions (在我的痛楚中,表明了他的慈悲). By giving me this burning torture to bear upon my breast! By sending yonder dark and terrible old man (把那个阴森可怕的老人派遣来), to keep the torture always at red-heat! By bringing me hither, to die this death of triumphant ignominy before the people (使我在胜利的耻辱中,死在人们面前)! Had either of these agonies been wanting, I had been lost for ever (如果这些痛苦欠缺些许,我便是万劫不复了)! Praised be his name(赞美他的圣名吧)! His will be done (完成他的旨意吧)! Farewell!”That final word came forth with the minister's expiring breath (最后的气息). The multitude, silent till then, broke out in a strange, deep voice of awe and wonder (忽然爆发出一阵深沉的敬畏与惊愕混合的声音), which could not as yet findutterance (那不能变成语言), save in this murmur that rolled so heavily after the departed spirit (含混不清地随着离世的灵魂隆隆地鸣响着).COMMENT: This is probably the most dramatic chapter of the entire book. It is filled with high points (充满高潮). Dimmesdale finishes his sermon, and the people are almost stunned into silence with admiration at his brilliant, inspired thoughts. Then, they outdo each other (相互争执), loudly declaring that never before has man spoken so well. The procession of prominent people threads its way through the excited people. The townspeople cheer. Suddenly, in great contrast, is seen the changed figure of the minister. He no longer is strong and hearty. He almost staggers. How he has changed from what he was a few minutes ago – at the end of his triumphant sermon. He totters (踉跄) on his feet. Evidently, he is gathering his courage to do the thing which has represented horror and disgrace to him: he is about to confess. How dramatic is his beckoning to (示意) Hester and Pearl to join him! Even more dramatic is Roger Chillingworth's attempt to stop Dimmesdale from confessing. When the feeble minister calls upon Hester to help him climb the steps of the scaffold, the crowd is very curious. Chillingworth instinctively follows them up the stairs to the platform of the scaffold, for he has been one of the "actors" in this "drama of guilt and sorrow. " Dimmesdale refers to his "own red stigma, " and then he pushes aside his clerical neckpiece (牧师的佩带) and reveals it to the "horror-stricken multitude (惊恐的人们)." (One never knows exactly what Dimmesdale's "stigma" is, but it might resemble the mark of a branding iron formed into the letter "A. " The minister refers to it as being the "type" of what has " seared" his own heart (烙在他心灵的燃烧之火).) Arthur Dimmesdale has thus gained a strange sort of humility (一种奇怪的谦卑). He has faced up to the situation--that is, he has freely admitted his part in Hester's sin (承认与Hester 同罪). He believes that he and Hester may never meet in a life after death. He is even grateful for the torture he has been through, for he feels that he has been saved (and forgiven) through his torment. Thus, he dies, believing he has paid the price for his sin through his suffering (为自己的罪恶付出痛苦的代价).。
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The scarlet rose blossom on the humanity soil The Scarlet Letter(,1850) written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells the tragic love story between Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale, which takes place in the 17th century Puritan Boston. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a world-known American romantic novelist whose works often use symbolism and often have moral messages and psychological complexity. Like many of his other compositions, The Scarlet Letter centers on the inherent sin and evil of humanity. Through narrating the character’s fortune, it reveals the cruelty of the social laws, the deceptive aspect of the religion and the hypocrisy of the moral in the 19th when American capitalism enjoyed a boom.The story unfolds at the point view of Hester. The heroine Hester Prynne married Dr. Chillingworth, but there was no love between them and Chillingworth disappeared for years. During this time, lonely Hester committed adultery with a local Minster Dimmesdale and gave birth to their daughter Pearl. Hester was punished in public, being forced to wear a scarlet letter of ‘A’ which referred to adultery. Despite this, Hester refused to give her lover’s name away to protect him. At the same time, the husband Chillingworth came back and swore to revenge for the shame. Hiding his own true name, he found out the truth step by step. In this course, he tormented Dimmesdale mentally, leading to Dimmesdale’s admission on the identity of Pearl’s father, and also his death. Chillingworth himself passed away soon after because he possessed nothing except hatred. Differing from those male characters, although Hester was treated unfairly, she overcome discriminations and won the citizens’ respect for her tenacity, kindness and diligence, transporting the meaning of the world into “able” and “angle”. At last, Hester chose to be buried with her lover Dimmesdale, leaving “Black land, a red A word” on the tombstone.”Hawthorne is absolutely a master in Formalism, including repeated images, contrastive colors, and sets of words.All of them take shape implied meanings, which make the passage profound and veiled.Among all of the images, the letter A is the most significant one. The meaning of the letter shifts with the time going by. In chapter1 and chapter 2, it represents a kindof punishment of the religious society for disgrace. In the middle part of the novel, A becomes the symbol of Hester’s virtues: “There glimmered the embroidered letter, with comfort in its unearthly ray. Elsewhere the token of sin, it was the taper of the sick-chamber” “They said that it meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a women’s strength.”(p141 chapter 13)At the latter stage, the token of A goes further. It is promoted to a goddess figure. The emphasis is no long on her capacity, but on her elevated spirits. Alongside the letter A, there are many images used in the composition. For example, at the beginning, it was Hester who walks up the guillotine to accept the worldly judgment, while at last it is Dimmesdale who walks up the guillotine to acknowledge his guilty and accept spiritual judgment. The guillotine establishes her ignominy first and proclaims his salvation lastly.In the ending sentence: “Black land, a red A word” on the tombstone.” The colors of black and white form pair of contrast and the two colors run through the composition. “ such unsightly vegetation, which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society, a prison. But no one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush. “(p39-40) The Great Whore in Revelation is dressed in scarlet, riding a scarlet beast. The color scarlet, in the Bible also symbolizes guilt. The prison is black, which builds a gloomy atmosphere and indicates the injustice of the prison. The color of Dimmesdale’s cape is black too, under which is the scarlet letter, his biggest secret. The concealment of the guilt (black and scarlet) creates huge pain.Repetitive words bring about the intense feeling of oppression, adding to words expressive force. "He will be known" emerges many times, from citizens or from Chiligworth, easily being associating with a hidden snake which lives on the dark secrets.What’s more, the book also reflects author’s complex attitude and consideration on religion. Nathaniel Hawthorne is born in a Puritanism family, leading to his early research of Puritanism. However, he is not a completely Puritan. He keeps his doubt and confusion towards this religion.In his age, the Puritanism went to the extremes. They persecuted people who believed in different religions and oppressed the humanity under the banner of God. From the Hester’s rebellion against the Puritan dogmas and the sufferings Dimmesdale undergone, we can infer his strong criticism, but meanwhile he trusts religious superstitions, not getting rid of such concepts like “origin sin”, “salvation” “determined fate”. He sings for the power of the religion to purify people. For example, Hester, this brave tenacious woman, sometimes also feels afraid, upset, worried. She turns to God for spiritual relive more than one time. The belief warns her to keep the goodness.Nathaniel Hawthorne uses multiple literal decorations to reveal the psychological state of the characters, to mold their personalities, to show their virtues and vices. What is more valuable is his exploration about humanity. The Scarlet Letter is confession and salvation of guilty people with pure soul, those who blossom the beautiful rose in their life.The scarlet rose blossom on the humanity soil辛宇160144179电子信息。