英国文学选读课件Unit 3 Francis Bacon
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Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
“Of Marriage and Single Life” “Of Studies” I Bacon’s position and contribution II A brief introduction to Essays III A close analysis of “Of Marriage and Single Life”
pros: • having greatest care of future times; • enjoying professional preference (judges and magistrates, soldiers); • a kind of discipline of humanity: loyal, responsible, loving, tender; constant and ethical, chastity; • wives as young men's mistresses; companions for middle age, and old men's nurses.
➢ Ellipsis Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
➢ Aphoristic style: a compact, condensed and epigrammatic style of writing. An aphorism: a short sentence expressing a truth in the fewest possible words.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
IV. A close analysis of "Of Studies"
1. a brief introduction to “Of Studies”: Bacon’s most famous essay in Essays; examine the benefits and ways of studies;
2. Major subjects ranging from abstract subjects such as "the meaning of truth" and "the composition of beauty" to concrete, practical matters such as “friendship”, “marriage” and "parents and children".
夫人之有妻儿也不啻已向命运典质，从此难 成大事，无论善 恶。 Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity.
妻儿对人确为一种锻炼。 Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也。
5. The language in "Of Marriage and Single Life": archaism and Latin: compact and elegant e.g. "maketh, hath, raiseth, unto, nay, " "vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati." etc.
1. Position • Father of Modern Science • the first major English "essayist" • English Renaissance philosopher, scholar, lawyer and statesman 2. Contribution • Literary contribution: making essay writing a popular form in English by introducing "scientific" style to England • Major contributions to philosophy: application of induction to scientific research, a breakthrough in the approach to science
• about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons.
2. Discourse analysis
• Bacon's point of view: - wives and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.
III A close analysis of "Of Marriage and Single Life" 1. a brief introduction to "Of Marriage and Single Life"
• one of Bacon's best known essays from the enduring collection, Essays.
• arguments: presented in the weigh of the pros and cons between marriage and single life.
pros and cons concerning marriage
cons: • bondage: impediments to great enterprises; • bills of charges, an abatement to his riches.
pros and cons concerning single life
pros: • The best works, and of greatest merit for the public, proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; • much richer, capable of making larger donations to charity; • enjoy liberty, no restraint; • unmarried men, best friends, best masters, and best servants.
and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
Exercise:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese in aphoristic style: 1. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 2. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
cons: selfish: unmarried men's thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.
2. Aphoristic style: combining wisdom in thought in extreme brevity • “Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them;
and wise men use them.” 有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书。 • “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
IV A close analysis of “Of Studies” V Questions for further exploration
VI Useful on-line references for further study
I Bacon’s position and contribution
Conclusion Marriage is a good thing: Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
4. Writing skills ➢ Comparison and Contrast: the weigh of pros and cons of marriage and single life: ...Yet..., ...but..., ...worse than..., ...more base..., yet on the other side,...more cruel and hard-hearted,... etc. ➢ Repetition: Nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride in having no children, ...
II A brief introduction to Bacon's Essays
1. Actual size • a collection of essays • the first published book in 1597 with 10 essays • a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays • the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.
Examples of aphorism
He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief."
3. Salient features of Bacon's prose style • compact and terse: wisdom in thought + extreme
brevity • formal and tightly organized • elegantly phrased.
“Of Marriage and Single Life” “Of Studies” I Bacon’s position and contribution II A brief introduction to Essays III A close analysis of “Of Marriage and Single Life”
pros: • having greatest care of future times; • enjoying professional preference (judges and magistrates, soldiers); • a kind of discipline of humanity: loyal, responsible, loving, tender; constant and ethical, chastity; • wives as young men's mistresses; companions for middle age, and old men's nurses.
➢ Ellipsis Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
➢ Aphoristic style: a compact, condensed and epigrammatic style of writing. An aphorism: a short sentence expressing a truth in the fewest possible words.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
IV. A close analysis of "Of Studies"
1. a brief introduction to “Of Studies”: Bacon’s most famous essay in Essays; examine the benefits and ways of studies;
2. Major subjects ranging from abstract subjects such as "the meaning of truth" and "the composition of beauty" to concrete, practical matters such as “friendship”, “marriage” and "parents and children".
夫人之有妻儿也不啻已向命运典质，从此难 成大事，无论善 恶。 Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity.
妻儿对人确为一种锻炼。 Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也。
5. The language in "Of Marriage and Single Life": archaism and Latin: compact and elegant e.g. "maketh, hath, raiseth, unto, nay, " "vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati." etc.
1. Position • Father of Modern Science • the first major English "essayist" • English Renaissance philosopher, scholar, lawyer and statesman 2. Contribution • Literary contribution: making essay writing a popular form in English by introducing "scientific" style to England • Major contributions to philosophy: application of induction to scientific research, a breakthrough in the approach to science
• about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons.
2. Discourse analysis
• Bacon's point of view: - wives and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.
III A close analysis of "Of Marriage and Single Life" 1. a brief introduction to "Of Marriage and Single Life"
• one of Bacon's best known essays from the enduring collection, Essays.
• arguments: presented in the weigh of the pros and cons between marriage and single life.
pros and cons concerning marriage
cons: • bondage: impediments to great enterprises; • bills of charges, an abatement to his riches.
pros and cons concerning single life
pros: • The best works, and of greatest merit for the public, proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; • much richer, capable of making larger donations to charity; • enjoy liberty, no restraint; • unmarried men, best friends, best masters, and best servants.
and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
Exercise:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese in aphoristic style: 1. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 2. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
cons: selfish: unmarried men's thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.
2. Aphoristic style: combining wisdom in thought in extreme brevity • “Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them;
and wise men use them.” 有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书。 • “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
IV A close analysis of “Of Studies” V Questions for further exploration
VI Useful on-line references for further study
I Bacon’s position and contribution
Conclusion Marriage is a good thing: Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
4. Writing skills ➢ Comparison and Contrast: the weigh of pros and cons of marriage and single life: ...Yet..., ...but..., ...worse than..., ...more base..., yet on the other side,...more cruel and hard-hearted,... etc. ➢ Repetition: Nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride in having no children, ...
II A brief introduction to Bacon's Essays
1. Actual size • a collection of essays • the first published book in 1597 with 10 essays • a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays • the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.
Examples of aphorism
He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief."
3. Salient features of Bacon's prose style • compact and terse: wisdom in thought + extreme
brevity • formal and tightly organized • elegantly phrased.