英国文学选读课件Unit 3 Francis Bacon
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Francis Bacon Of Studies培根论读书PPT
密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人 善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。)
“delight” makes men enjoy the happiness of life even though he is alone; “ornament” gives men plausibility and skills of holding pleasant ambience; “ability” emphasizes a knowledge of thinking, behaving and doing.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周 deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric, able to 密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑 contend. Abeunt studia in mores. 修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。
Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that 书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限 would be only in the less important 题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹 arguments and the meaner sort of books; 如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study 如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全 the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little,hair-splitters he must 神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异， begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish 可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人； or find differences, let him study the 如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可 Schoolmen, for they are cymini sectores. If 令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷， he be not apt to beat over matters and to call 皆有特效可医。 up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.
“delight” makes men enjoy the happiness of life even though he is alone; “ornament” gives men plausibility and skills of holding pleasant ambience; “ability” emphasizes a knowledge of thinking, behaving and doing.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周 deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric, able to 密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑 contend. Abeunt studia in mores. 修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。
Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that 书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限 would be only in the less important 题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹 arguments and the meaner sort of books; 如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study 如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全 the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little,hair-splitters he must 神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异， begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish 可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人； or find differences, let him study the 如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可 Schoolmen, for they are cymini sectores. If 令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷， he be not apt to beat over matters and to call 皆有特效可医。 up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.
Francis Bacon(英国文学课件)
• If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English Renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser 风 格的and the drama of Shakespeare, the 格的 intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis Bacon, English philosopher and statesman, one of the pioneers of modern scientific thought.
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•
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• Being unwittingly on his deathbed, the philosopher wrote his last letter to his absent host and friend Lord Arundel: • "My very good Lord,—I was likely to have had the fortune of Caius Plinius the elder, who lost his life by trying an experiment about the burning of Mount Vesuvius; for I was also desirous to try an experiment or two touching the conservation and induration of bodies. As for the experiment itself, it succeeded excellently well; but in the journey between London and Highgate, I was taken with such a fit of casting as I know not whether it were the Stone, or some surfeit or cold, or indeed a touch of them all three. But when I came to your Lordship's House, I was not able to go back, and therefore was forced to take up my lodging here, where your housekeeper is very careful and diligent about me, which I assure myself your Lordship will not only pardon towards him, but think the better of him for it. For indeed your Lordship's House was happy to me, and I kiss your noble hands for the welcome which I am sure you give me to it. I know how unfit it is for me to write with any other hand than mine own, but by my troth my fingers are so disjointed with sickness that I cannot steadily hold a pen."
Francis-Bacon弗朗西斯培根-课件
subject which is presented as fact.
This presentation may be accurate or not; that is, it can give either a true or a false account of the subject in question. However, the authors of such accounts believe them to be truthful at the time of their composition.
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足， 盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如 何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范 之，则又大而无当。
第14页，共44页。
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
第21页，共44页。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之 顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除 之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃， 骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
第22页，共44页。
So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
This presentation may be accurate or not; that is, it can give either a true or a false account of the subject in question. However, the authors of such accounts believe them to be truthful at the time of their composition.
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足， 盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如 何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范 之，则又大而无当。
第14页，共44页。
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
第21页，共44页。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之 顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除 之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃， 骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
第22页，共44页。
So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
英国文学Unit3 FrancisBacon
• Bacon’s Essays • What is essay?
– As a form of literature, the essay is a composition of moderate length, usually in prose, which deals in an easy, cursory way with the external conditions of a subject, and, in strictness, with that subject, only as it affects the writer.
• The essay was invented by Montaigne.
– Montaigne introduced the fashion of writing briefly, irregularly, with constant digressions and interruptions, about the world as it appears to the individual who writes. – Bacon offers his views on a whole smorgasbord of topics ranging from Truth, Death,' Adversitie', Marriage & the single life, Love, Boldness, Superstition, Friendship, Health, Ambition, Youth, Beauty to Anger & Fame.
• Pope called Bacon • "the wisest, brightest, and meanest of mankind." • His famous saying, "knowledge is power", is found in the Meditations.
Francis_Bacon.3ppt
1. Three different types of purposes of studies and three possible inclination of studies; 2. The relationship between studies and experience; 3. Different attitudes to studies held by different people; 4. Conclusion: the real purpose of studies.
“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.” (Of Studies)
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
“Riches are for spending.” (Of Expense) “Of great riches, there is no real use, except it be in the distribution; the rest is but conceit.” (Of Riches)
Bacon’s works
1597 1605 1620 1621 ---1626
•
In 1597, Bacon published his first series of ten short essays, which were later expanded into a collection of 38 in 1612 and finally into a total of 58 in 1625. The famous “Of Marriage and and Single Life”, “Of Studies” are among them.
“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.” (Of Studies)
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
“Riches are for spending.” (Of Expense) “Of great riches, there is no real use, except it be in the distribution; the rest is but conceit.” (Of Riches)
Bacon’s works
1597 1605 1620 1621 ---1626
•
In 1597, Bacon published his first series of ten short essays, which were later expanded into a collection of 38 in 1612 and finally into a total of 58 in 1625. The famous “Of Marriage and and Single Life”, “Of Studies” are among them.
欧洲文化课ppt：介绍弗朗西斯·培根(英文版)
Bacon was educated at home in his early years owing to poor health, which would plague him throughout his life.
培根天生体弱多病，所以自幼在 家习书。他的体弱也使得他一生 病疾不断。
He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, on 5 April 1573 at the age of 12, living for three years there.
Francis Bacon's statue at Gray's Inn, South Square, London
His parliamentary career began when he was elected MP for Bossiney, Cornwall, in a by-election in 1584.
1584年，培根当选为国会议员，从 此开始了他的政治生涯。
The succession of James I brought Bacon into greater favour. He was knighted in 1603. And he made great success in politics in the next few years.
他十二岁进入剑桥 大学三一学院，但 是未三获年得后学中位途。辍学，McheampeolroiaflTtroinFirtaynCcoislleBgaec,oCna, minbtrhidege
In 1576, Francis went abroad with Sir Amias Paulet who is the English ambassador at Paris. For the next three years he visited Blois [blwɑ:] , Poitiers, Tours, Italy, and Spain.
英国文学选读unit3培训课件
• Writing Style of Bacon’s Essays:
• His essays have a literal style peculiar to their own. They are noted for their clearness, brevity and forces of expression. Bacon’s chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few words as possible. His sentences are short, pointed, incisive and often of balanced structure. Many of them have become wise old sayings. Generally speaking, Bacon’s literary style has three prominent qualities: directness, terseness(简洁), and forcefulness.
paragraph. • b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as
his simple language. • c. The simple metaphors have deep implications. • d. The omission makes the essay concise, clear and coherent. • e. The natural flow of parallels makes his logic and philosophical argument
FrancisBaconPPT教学课件
killed in a tavern brawl wrote 4 great plays:
Tamburlaine the Great (1587) Doctor Faustus (1588) The Jew of Malta (1589) Edward II (1593)
2020/12/09
human character
2020/12/09
9
Style
a. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one paragraph.
b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as his simple language.
In 1621, fell out of favor because of bribery
2020/12/09
3
Bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱcon as a Man
thinker, philosopher, statesman
a corrupted man, who was described as “wisest, brightest & meanest man.”
2020/12/09
8
Of studies
purpose of reading attitudes towards study principles of studies study method study develop your character/effect of study on
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Tamburlaine the Great (1587) Doctor Faustus (1588) The Jew of Malta (1589) Edward II (1593)
2020/12/09
human character
2020/12/09
9
Style
a. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one paragraph.
b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as his simple language.
In 1621, fell out of favor because of bribery
2020/12/09
3
Bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱcon as a Man
thinker, philosopher, statesman
a corrupted man, who was described as “wisest, brightest & meanest man.”
2020/12/09
8
Of studies
purpose of reading attitudes towards study principles of studies study method study develop your character/effect of study on
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
弗朗西斯培根PPT课件
4
Painter Bacon
• was an Irish-born figurative painter of English descent
• known for his bold, austere, graphic and often tortured imagery.
• Bacon's abstract figures typically appear isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.
• Induction implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. In the context of his time, such methods were connected with the occult trends of hermeticism and alchemy
Seal (his father’s former office). • 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor.
3
Francis Bacon, a representative of the English renaissance, is a well-known philosopher , scientist and essayist. He began his professional life as a lawyer, but he has become best known as a philosophical advocate and defender of the scientific revolution
Painter Bacon
• was an Irish-born figurative painter of English descent
• known for his bold, austere, graphic and often tortured imagery.
• Bacon's abstract figures typically appear isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.
• Induction implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. In the context of his time, such methods were connected with the occult trends of hermeticism and alchemy
Seal (his father’s former office). • 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor.
3
Francis Bacon, a representative of the English renaissance, is a well-known philosopher , scientist and essayist. He began his professional life as a lawyer, but he has become best known as a philosophical advocate and defender of the scientific revolution
英国文学.培根ppt课件
Sir Francis Bacon
6
(1561-1626)
A statesman, scientist, philosopher,
and essayist of the late Renaissance England
Contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Galilei
and Gui Youguang
7
Life
1. Met Queen Elizabeth I (9)
Famously replied “Two years younger than Your Majesty’s happy reign”
2. Entered Trinity College, Cambridge (12)
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天 生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当
Knowledge improves experience and experience improves knowledge
24
5. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之 士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在 书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
25
5. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
6
(1561-1626)
A statesman, scientist, philosopher,
and essayist of the late Renaissance England
Contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Galilei
and Gui Youguang
7
Life
1. Met Queen Elizabeth I (9)
Famously replied “Two years younger than Your Majesty’s happy reign”
2. Entered Trinity College, Cambridge (12)
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天 生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当
Knowledge improves experience and experience improves knowledge
24
5. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之 士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在 书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
25
5. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Francis Bacon.ppt
1617 – Appointed Lord Keeper of the Royal Seal (his
father’s former office). 掌玺大臣 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor. 英国大法官
• In 1621 he was arrested and charged with bribery. Although the fine was later waived and Bacon spent only four days in the Tower, he was never allowed to sit in Parliament or hold political office again.
THE ESSAYS
Also famous for
• Inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry (often called the Baconian method)
• Proposed the author of plays traditionally attributed to Shakespeare
Francis Bacon
1561 –1626
English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method
Author of
(among other things)
Boldness Envy
Revenge Death SIMULATION AND DISSIMULATION
Adversity
Marriage and Single Life
father’s former office). 掌玺大臣 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor. 英国大法官
• In 1621 he was arrested and charged with bribery. Although the fine was later waived and Bacon spent only four days in the Tower, he was never allowed to sit in Parliament or hold political office again.
THE ESSAYS
Also famous for
• Inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry (often called the Baconian method)
• Proposed the author of plays traditionally attributed to Shakespeare
Francis Bacon
1561 –1626
English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method
Author of
(among other things)
Boldness Envy
Revenge Death SIMULATION AND DISSIMULATION
Adversity
Marriage and Single Life
弗朗西斯培根的PPT课件
Famous Works and People
但丁（Dantancis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根
(1561-1626)
General Introduction
Francis Bacon(1561-1626) was one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. As a lawyer ,member of Parliament,and Queen's Counsel ,Bacon wrote on questions of law , state and religion,as well as on contemporary politics ;but he also published texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society;After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
only 4 days in the Tower ,he never allowed to sit in
Parliament or hold political office again.
Chapters 3-4 英国文学简史ppt(English Literature)
➢ Before 1600: histories and comedies
➢ The works of the first period are generally happy and cheerful
➢ Henry IV, Love’s Labor’s Lost, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It
Philip Sidney
(1554-1586)
➢ Educated at Oxford and was widely read. ➢ A good number of his poems appear in Arcadia. ➢ Astrophel and Stella contains his best poetic
• Introduction • Works
King James Bible
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Introduction ➢ The most popular and most widely
respected writer in all English literature ➢ Born on April 26, 1564 in Stratford on Avon; died on April 23, 1616 and buried at Stratford ➢ He excelled in the literary fields of poetry and drama
English Drama: A Sketchy Account
➢ The works of the first period are generally happy and cheerful
➢ Henry IV, Love’s Labor’s Lost, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It
Philip Sidney
(1554-1586)
➢ Educated at Oxford and was widely read. ➢ A good number of his poems appear in Arcadia. ➢ Astrophel and Stella contains his best poetic
• Introduction • Works
King James Bible
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Introduction ➢ The most popular and most widely
respected writer in all English literature ➢ Born on April 26, 1564 in Stratford on Avon; died on April 23, 1616 and buried at Stratford ➢ He excelled in the literary fields of poetry and drama
English Drama: A Sketchy Account
英国文学选读unit3
•H •T •H
Thank you for learning
• Bacon was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He published The advancement of Learning (1605)and The New Instrument (1620) . The former deals with the accomplishments of science up to his time. In this work he analyzed the various divisions of knowledge and considered the possible means of advancing them. In the latter Bacon described the method by which knowledge could be universalized.
3.Of studies
• a. five parts: purpose of reading • attitudes towards study • principles of studies • study method • study develop your character/effect of study on human character • Style: a.. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one
paragraph. • b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as
《弗兰西斯培根英》课件
Contribution to Literature
His literary works not only enriched the diversity of literature, but also had a profound impact on later writers, inspiring them to think about human nature, society, and the world.
Academic Progress emphasizes the importance of academic research for the progress of human civilization and its driving role in social development.
Meditations: Bacon's collection of philosophical reflections, exploring multiple themes such as human existence, morality, and politics.
Bacon often explores social issues in his works, demonstrating his concern and reflection on social development.
Francis Bacon's Thought
Ideological core
Ideological development
Bacon's ideas have had a profound impact on the academic community in Europe, promoting the popularization of scientific methods and experimental spirit, and laying the foundation for the formation of modern science.
His literary works not only enriched the diversity of literature, but also had a profound impact on later writers, inspiring them to think about human nature, society, and the world.
Academic Progress emphasizes the importance of academic research for the progress of human civilization and its driving role in social development.
Meditations: Bacon's collection of philosophical reflections, exploring multiple themes such as human existence, morality, and politics.
Bacon often explores social issues in his works, demonstrating his concern and reflection on social development.
Francis Bacon's Thought
Ideological core
Ideological development
Bacon's ideas have had a profound impact on the academic community in Europe, promoting the popularization of scientific methods and experimental spirit, and laying the foundation for the formation of modern science.
【精品】PPT课件---弗朗西斯·培根
61—1626）出身于英国的一 个贵族之家，其父尼古拉· 培根曾任英国女王伊丽 莎白一世的掌玺大臣，其母安妮亦出身于名门望 族。培根13岁时就进入剑桥大学的三一学院，但 是他很快就表现出对现存教育制度和中世纪经院 哲学的厌恶。1576年培根离开剑桥到英国驻巴黎 使馆任职，开始了他的政治生涯。他历任首席检 察官、掌玺大臣等要职，1613年擢升为全国大法 官。1621年培根受到政敌的指控，因受贿罪而被 罢官收监，不久之后即得释放，从此告别政治舞 台而隐退乡间，潜心于学术研究。1626年初春之 际，培根在做一次冷冻实验时遭受风寒，不治而 殁，终年65岁。
人物影响
培根的《新工具》对于开创的唯物主义经验 论哲学起了巨大的推动作用。
以经验观察为方式的研究自然的方法，是建立在对客观对象 的深刻分析的基础上的。这种对物质世界的客观把握，对于 英国唯物主义的形成有着深刻的促进作用。培根以后，霍布 斯把培根所开创的唯物主义传统加以系统化和片面化，形成 了典型的近代意义上的机械唯物主义…
“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”（马克思）
谢谢观赏~~~
在吃货眼里， 我永远只是一块肉。 ——培根
①乞丐杀子案。有一个名叫约翰的乞丐，行乞四十载，积攒了三千枚金币。 有一天，他发现儿子头上有一顶非常华贵的帽子，便问是从哪儿来的。儿 子交代是用一枚金币从当铺里买来的。约翰又问，金币哪儿来的？儿子答， 是从三千枚金币中拿的。约翰听后，七窍生烟，一拐杖结束了儿子的性命。 因为这三千枚金币是他一便士一便士积攒起来的，用一枚金币买顶帽子， 令他对儿子如此大手大脚忍无可忍。 ②姐弟绝交案。伦莎和戴维是姐弟关系，他们在年幼的时候就失去了父母， 为了养活弟弟并使他有一个好的前程，伦莎十三岁就做了妓女。在伦莎的 资助下，戴维进了剑桥大学三一学院，并有了一个美满幸福的家庭。就在 戴维准备报答姐姐伦莎的养育之恩时，伦莎提出断绝姐弟关系，永不见面。 因为她看到弟弟就想起自己不堪回首的历史，并且弟弟愈幸福，愈会勾起 她对不幸的回忆。 ③兰姆贪污案。兰姆是位海军大臣，年俸一万六千镑，是一般伦敦市民的 五十倍。他通晓天文、历法和海洋知识，在与西班牙争夺海上霸权的斗争 中，屡立战功，被伊丽莎白女王封为爵士。同时，他也是一位以简朴出名 的贵族，在别人钟鸣鼎食的时候，他每天的费用却从不超过两英镑。就是 这样一位德才兼备的人物，在伊丽莎白死后，被查出贪污军饷六十万英镑。 这些钱原封不动地藏在他的地窖里，最后他被詹姆士国王下令处死。
人物影响
培根的《新工具》对于开创的唯物主义经验 论哲学起了巨大的推动作用。
以经验观察为方式的研究自然的方法，是建立在对客观对象 的深刻分析的基础上的。这种对物质世界的客观把握，对于 英国唯物主义的形成有着深刻的促进作用。培根以后，霍布 斯把培根所开创的唯物主义传统加以系统化和片面化，形成 了典型的近代意义上的机械唯物主义…
“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”（马克思）
谢谢观赏~~~
在吃货眼里， 我永远只是一块肉。 ——培根
①乞丐杀子案。有一个名叫约翰的乞丐，行乞四十载，积攒了三千枚金币。 有一天，他发现儿子头上有一顶非常华贵的帽子，便问是从哪儿来的。儿 子交代是用一枚金币从当铺里买来的。约翰又问，金币哪儿来的？儿子答， 是从三千枚金币中拿的。约翰听后，七窍生烟，一拐杖结束了儿子的性命。 因为这三千枚金币是他一便士一便士积攒起来的，用一枚金币买顶帽子， 令他对儿子如此大手大脚忍无可忍。 ②姐弟绝交案。伦莎和戴维是姐弟关系，他们在年幼的时候就失去了父母， 为了养活弟弟并使他有一个好的前程，伦莎十三岁就做了妓女。在伦莎的 资助下，戴维进了剑桥大学三一学院，并有了一个美满幸福的家庭。就在 戴维准备报答姐姐伦莎的养育之恩时，伦莎提出断绝姐弟关系，永不见面。 因为她看到弟弟就想起自己不堪回首的历史，并且弟弟愈幸福，愈会勾起 她对不幸的回忆。 ③兰姆贪污案。兰姆是位海军大臣，年俸一万六千镑，是一般伦敦市民的 五十倍。他通晓天文、历法和海洋知识，在与西班牙争夺海上霸权的斗争 中，屡立战功，被伊丽莎白女王封为爵士。同时，他也是一位以简朴出名 的贵族，在别人钟鸣鼎食的时候，他每天的费用却从不超过两英镑。就是 这样一位德才兼备的人物，在伊丽莎白死后，被查出贪污军饷六十万英镑。 这些钱原封不动地藏在他的地窖里，最后他被詹姆士国王下令处死。
弗朗西斯-培根-Of-StudiesPPT课件
.
3
Essays
Features • Brevity（简洁）, compactness（紧密） and
powerfulness. • Parallelism（并行论）, epigrams（警句）,
metaphor and simile.
.
4
Of Studies(王佐良译)
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以傅采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于 高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; touse them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they bebounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪 移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use, but that is awisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智 不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
弗朗西斯培根 ppt课件
为追求权力而失去自由，为追求统治别人的
Money is a good servant and a bad master.
金钱是善仆，也是恶主。
Money is like muck, not good except it be spread.
金钱好比粪肥，只有撒到大地才是有用
Beauty is like a rich stone, best plain set.
His works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for
Mottos by Bacon
Wives are young men’s mistresses , companion’s 1. The literary form was new to the English audience;
2. The essays cover a variety of subjects;
3. The essays are sinewy though short, full of wisdom, and elegantly phrased.
Bacon’s Works 1. Philosophical:
Advancement of Learning（论学术的进展 ） (1605 )
Novum Organum（新工具论） (1620 )
2. Literary:
Essays 论说随笔文集 (1625) The New Atlantics 新亚特兰蒂斯
Outstanding treatise written in Latin on methodology
The argument is for the use of inductive method(归纳法)or reasoning（推理） in scientific study
Money is a good servant and a bad master.
金钱是善仆，也是恶主。
Money is like muck, not good except it be spread.
金钱好比粪肥，只有撒到大地才是有用
Beauty is like a rich stone, best plain set.
His works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for
Mottos by Bacon
Wives are young men’s mistresses , companion’s 1. The literary form was new to the English audience;
2. The essays cover a variety of subjects;
3. The essays are sinewy though short, full of wisdom, and elegantly phrased.
Bacon’s Works 1. Philosophical:
Advancement of Learning（论学术的进展 ） (1605 )
Novum Organum（新工具论） (1620 )
2. Literary:
Essays 论说随笔文集 (1625) The New Atlantics 新亚特兰蒂斯
Outstanding treatise written in Latin on methodology
The argument is for the use of inductive method(归纳法)or reasoning（推理） in scientific study
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IV A close analysis of “Of Studies” V Questions for further exploration
VI Useful on-line references for further study
I Bacon’s position and contribution
II A brief introduction to Bacon's Essays
1. Actual size • a collection of essays • the first published book in 1597 with 10 essays • a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays • the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.
• about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons.
2. Discourse analysis
• Bacon's point of view: - wives and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.
and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
Exercise:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese in aphoristic style: 1. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 2. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
cons: selfish: unmarried men's thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.
IV. A close analysis of "Of Studies"
1. a brief introduction to “Of Studies”: Bacon’s most famous essay in Essays; examine the benefits and ways of studies;
2. Aphoristic style: combining wisdom in thought in extreme brevity • “Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them;
and wise men use them.” 有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书。 • “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
3. Salient features of Bacon's prose style • compact and terse: wisdom in thought + extreme
brevity • formal and tightly organized • elegantly phrased.
Examples of aphorism
He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief."
➢ Ellipsis Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
➢ Aphoristic style: a compact, condensed and epigrammatic style of writing. An aphorism: a short sentence expressing a truth in the fewest possible words.
Conclusion Marriage is a good thing: Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
4. Writing skills ➢ Comparison and Contrast: the weigh of pros and cons of marriage and single life: ...Yet..., ...but..., ...worse than..., ...more base..., yet on the other side,...more cruel and hard-hearted,... etc. ➢ Repetition: Nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride in having no children, ...
Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
“Of Marriage and Single Life” “Of Studies” I Bacon’s position and contribution II A brief introduction to Essays III A close analysis of “Of Marriage and Single Life”
1. Position • Father of Modern Science • the first major English "essayist" • English Renaissance philosopher, scholar, lawyer and statesman 2. Contribution • Literary contribution: making essay writing a popular form in English by introducing "scientific" style to England • Major contributions to philosophy: application of induction to scientific research, a breakthrough in the approach to science
III A close analysis of "Of Marriage and Single Life" 1. a brief introduction to "Of Marriage and Single Life"
• one of Bacon's best known essays from the enduring collection, Essays.
• arguments: presented in the weigh of the pros and cons between marriage and single life.
pros and cons concerning marriage
cons: • bondage: impediments to great enterprises; • bills of charges, an abatement to his riches.
妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也。
5. The language in "Of Marriage and Single Life": archaism and Latin: compact and elegant e.g. "maketh, hath, raiseth, unto, nay, " "vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati." etc.
VI Useful on-line references for further study
I Bacon’s position and contribution
II A brief introduction to Bacon's Essays
1. Actual size • a collection of essays • the first published book in 1597 with 10 essays • a much-enlarged second edition in 1612 with 38 essays • the third published book in 1625 with 58 essays.
• about rumination on the subject of marriage and single life with all its pros and cons.
2. Discourse analysis
• Bacon's point of view: - wives and children, - impediment to great enterprises, or great deeds; - not necessarily a bad thing, - a virtue for both the wife and the children and even for the society; - marriage a good thing on the whole.
and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
Exercise:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese in aphoristic style: 1. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 2. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
cons: selfish: unmarried men's thoughts do end with themselves, and account future impertinences; not always best citizens, less loyal; a bachelor not fit to be a judge or magistrate, no restraint and no family, flippant and indiscrete in thinking and action; Unmarried men make the vulgar soldier more base; tend to be more cruel and hard-hearted in their conduct.
IV. A close analysis of "Of Studies"
1. a brief introduction to “Of Studies”: Bacon’s most famous essay in Essays; examine the benefits and ways of studies;
2. Aphoristic style: combining wisdom in thought in extreme brevity • “Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them;
and wise men use them.” 有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书。 • “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed,
3. Salient features of Bacon's prose style • compact and terse: wisdom in thought + extreme
brevity • formal and tightly organized • elegantly phrased.
Examples of aphorism
He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief."
➢ Ellipsis Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
➢ Aphoristic style: a compact, condensed and epigrammatic style of writing. An aphorism: a short sentence expressing a truth in the fewest possible words.
Conclusion Marriage is a good thing: Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.
4. Writing skills ➢ Comparison and Contrast: the weigh of pros and cons of marriage and single life: ...Yet..., ...but..., ...worse than..., ...more base..., yet on the other side,...more cruel and hard-hearted,... etc. ➢ Repetition: Nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride in having no children, ...
Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
“Of Marriage and Single Life” “Of Studies” I Bacon’s position and contribution II A brief introduction to Essays III A close analysis of “Of Marriage and Single Life”
1. Position • Father of Modern Science • the first major English "essayist" • English Renaissance philosopher, scholar, lawyer and statesman 2. Contribution • Literary contribution: making essay writing a popular form in English by introducing "scientific" style to England • Major contributions to philosophy: application of induction to scientific research, a breakthrough in the approach to science
III A close analysis of "Of Marriage and Single Life" 1. a brief introduction to "Of Marriage and Single Life"
• one of Bacon's best known essays from the enduring collection, Essays.
• arguments: presented in the weigh of the pros and cons between marriage and single life.
pros and cons concerning marriage
cons: • bondage: impediments to great enterprises; • bills of charges, an abatement to his riches.
妻子者，青年之情妇，中年之伴侣，老年之护士也。
5. The language in "Of Marriage and Single Life": archaism and Latin: compact and elegant e.g. "maketh, hath, raiseth, unto, nay, " "vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati." etc.