三坐标专业名称中英文对照
三坐标测量员应该了解的三坐标测针常识总结
三坐标测量员应该了解的三坐标测针常识总结三坐标测量员应该了解的三坐标测针常识总结三坐标测量员应该了解的三坐标测针常识总结一：什么是三坐标测针测针是三坐标策略系统的组成部分，它与被测工件接触，使测头机构产生位移。
所产生的信号经处理得出策略结果。
被测工件的外形特征将决定要采用的测针类型和大小。
在所有情况下，测针的最大刚性和测球的球度都至关重要。
为了达到这一要求，Renishaw的测针杆按照严格的标准在数控机床上生产。
我们格外注意保证测针刚性最高，同时测针质量经过最优化处理以适用于Renishaw的各种测头。
Renishaw原产测球是按最高标准制造，保证与测针杆的链接能达到最佳的完整性。
如果您使用的测球球度差、位置不正、螺纹公差大、或因设计不当使测量时产生过量的扰度变形，则很容易降低测量效果。
为了确保您采集的数据的正确性，请务必从Renishaw原产的全系列测针中指定和选用测针。
二、三坐标测针的专业术语：总长度：雷尼绍对测针总长度的标准定义，是从测针的后安装端面到测球中心的长度。
有效工作长度：有效工作长度是在零件发现方向测量时从测球中心道测针杆与被测目标干涉点之间的距离。
三、如何正确选择测针1、尽量选用短测针测针弯曲或变形量越大，精度月底，使用近可能短的测针2、尽量减少接头每增加一个饿着呢的测杆的链接，便增加了一个潜在的弯曲和变性点。
所以使用中应尽量减少三坐标测针的组件数。
3、选用的测球直径要尽量大一是这样能增大测球、测针杆的距离，从而减少由于碰撞测针杆所引起的误触发。
其次测球直径越大，被测工件表面光洁度的影响越小。
查看更多三坐标技术知识请到:扩展阅读：三坐标测量技术小结三坐标三坐标测量机，它是指在一个六面体的空间范围内，能够表现几何形状、长度及圆周分度等测量能力的仪器，又称为三坐标测量仪或三坐标量床。
三坐标测量机的工作原理:任何形状都是由空间点组成的,所有的几何量测量都可以归结为空间点的测量,因此精确进行空间点坐标的采集,是评定任何几何形状的基础。
测绘专业术语中英文对照
工程测量学engineering surveying测量学gematics, surveying大地水准面geoid surface平均海水面mean sea level高程elevation, height平面坐标horizontal coordinate高程基准height datum铅垂线plumb line三角高程测量trigonometric heighting水准测量direct leveling, leveling精密水准测量precise leveling水准仪level水准尺leveling staff附合水准路线link route闭合水准路线loop route水准支线open route水准网leveling Network闭合差misclosure水准点Bench Mark, or BM后视backsight前视foresight水平角horizontal angle竖直角vertical angle经纬仪theodolite光学经纬仪optical theodolite电子经纬仪electric theodolite对中centering整平leveling指标差index error水平度盘horizontal circle竖盘vertical circle视准轴line of collimation (LOC)距离测量distance measurement平距horizontal distance斜距slope distance高差height difference/difference in height 钢尺steel tape钢尺量距steel taping 视距法测距stadia tacheometry电磁波测距electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)全站仪total station直线定向line orientation方位角azimuth象限角bearing粗差gross error, mistake, blunder or outlier系统误差systematic error偶然误差random/accidental error误差传播定律error propagation law测量（值）measurement/observation真误差true error真值true value精度指标precision indicator方差variance中误差standard deviation (SD)容许误差allowable error相对误差relative error极限误差limited error最或然值most probable value算术平均值arithmetic mean权weight测站station转点turning point控制网control network水平控制网horizontal control network高程控制网vertical control network工程控制网engineering control network控制测量control survey导线traverse导线测量traverse survey导线转折角traverse angle导线边长traverse leg坐标正算direct coordinate computation坐标反算inverse coordinate computation。
【干货】测绘学名词（中英对照）
【干货】测绘学名词（中英对照）01.001 测绘学 surveying and mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法 Law of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Republic of China01.003 测绘标准 standards of surveying and mapping01.004 测量规范 specifications of surveys01.005 地形图图式 topographic map symbols01.006 大地测量学 geodesy01.007 地球形状 earth shape, figure of the earth01.008 重力基准网 gravity standard network01.009 重力场 gravity field01.010 地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system01.011 地球椭球 earth ellipsoid01.012 大地原点 geodetic origin01.013 水准原点leveling origin01.014 测量标志 survey mark01.015 测量觇标 observation target01.016 高程基准 height datum01.017 1954年北京坐标系Beijing geodetic coordinate system195401.018 高程系统 height system01.019 平均海[体]面 mean sea level01.020 黄海平均海[水]面 Huanghai mean sea level01.021 海拔 height above sea level01.022海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NAVSTAR全球定位系统NAVSTAR Global Positioning System，NAVSTAR GPS01.024 惯性测量系统 inertial surveying system，ISS01.025 摄影测量与遥感学 photogrammetry and remote sensing01.026航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry01.027航天摄影测量（又称“太空摄影测量”）space photogrammetry01.028非地形摄影测量non-topographic photogrammetry01.029 水下摄影测量 underwater photogrammetry01.030 航空航天摄影 aero—space photogrammetry01.031 航空遥感 aerial remote sensing01.032 航天遥感 space remote sensing01.033 图像 image01.034 影像 image, imagery01.035 图形 Graphics01.036 判读（又称“判释”、“解译”） interpretation01.037 模拟摄影测量 analog photogrammetry01.038解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry01.039 数字摄影测量 digital photogrammetry01.040 数字地图模型（又称“数值地型”）digital terrain model, DTM01.041 遥感图象处理 image processing of remote sensing01.042遥感模式识别pattern recognition of remote sensing01.043 地图制图学（又称“地图学”） cartography01.044 地理坐标网 geographic graticule01.045 经纬网 fictitious graticule01.046 方里网 kilometer grid01.047 邻带方里网 grid of neighboring zone01.048 坐标格网 coordinate grid01.049 地理坐标参考系geographical reference system，GEOREF01.050 地图 map01.051 地形图 topographic map01.052 平面图 plan01.053 普通地图 general map01.054 专题地图 thematic map01.055 地图集 atlas01.056 地球仪 globe01.057 地图规范 map specifications01.058 地图生产 map production01.059 地图投影 map projection01.060 地图编制（又称“编图”） map compilation01.061 地图复制 map reproduction01.062 地图印刷 map printing01.063 地图利用 map use01.064 地图量算 cartometry01.065机助地图制图computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC01.066 自动化制图 automatic cartography01.067 自动绘图 automatic plotting01.068 图形显示 graphic display01.069 遥感制图 remote sensing mapping01.070 地名学 toponomastics, toponymy01.071 地名 geographical name, place name01.072 工程测量学 engineering surveying01.073 比例尺 scale01.074 基本比例尺 basic scale01.075 等高线 contour01.076 等高距 contour interval01.077测量平差survey adjustment，adjustment of observations01.078 精度估计 precision estimation01.079 精［密］度 precision01.080 准确度 accuracy01.081 偶然误差 accident error01.082 系统误差 systematic error01.083 粗差 gross error01.084 常差 constant error01.085 多余观测 redundant observation01.086 闭合差 closing error, closure01.087 限差 tolerance01.088 相对误差 relative error01.089 绝对误差 absolute error01.090 中误差 mean square error01.091 误差椭圆 error ellipse01.092 边长中误差 mean square error of side length01.093测角中误差mean square error of angle observation01.094 方位角中误差 mean square error of azimuth01.095 坐标中误差 mean square error of coordinate01.096 点位中误差 mean square error of a point01.097 高程中误差 mean square error of height01.098 国土基础信息系统 land base information system01.099 大地控制数据库 geodetic data base01.100 重力数据库 gravimetric data base01.101 地形数据库 topographic data base01.102 地理信息系统geographical information system，GIS01.103 地图数据库 map data base01.104地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base management system01.105 地名数据库 place-name data base01.106 地籍信息系统 cadastral information system01.107 土地信息系统 land information system，LIS01.108 制图专家系统 cartographic expert system01.109 海洋测绘 hydrographic surveying and charting01.110 测绘仪器 instrument of surveying and mapping01.111 大地测量仪器 geodetic instrument01.112测距仪distance measuring instrument，rangefinder01.113 重力仪 gravimeter01.114 定位系统 positioning system01.115 摄影测量仪器 photogrammetric instrument01.116 立体测图仪 stereoplotter01.117 数字摄影测量工作站 digital photogrammetric station01.118 全数字化自测图系统full digital automatic mapping system01.119 图形输入设备 graphic input unit01.120 图形输出设备 graphic output unit01.121 中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping， CSSM01.122 国际测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping， IUSM01.123 国际测量师联合会Federation Internationale des Geometres，FIG（法语）01.124 国际大地测量学与地球物理学International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics， IUGG01.125 国际大地测量学协会International Association ofGeodesy IAG01.126 国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS01.127国际地图学协会International Cartographic Association，ICA01.128 国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization, IHO本文作者：niefer。
数控技术经验常用术语中英文对照
数控技术常用术语中英文对照更新时间：2007-3-28 为了方便读者阅读相关数控资料和国外数控产品的相关手册，在此选择了常用的数控词汇及其英语对应单词，所选用的数控术语主要参考国际标准ISO2806和中华人民共和国国家标准GB8129—1987以及近年新出现的一些数控词汇。
1）计算机数值控制（ComputerizedNumericalControl,CNC）用计算机控制加工功能，实现数值控制。
2）轴（Axis）机床的部件可以沿着其作直线移动或回转运动的基准方向。
3）机床坐标系（MachineCoordinateSister）固定于机床上，以机床零点为基准的笛卡尔坐标系。
4）机床坐标原点（MachineCoordinateOrigin）机床坐标系的原点。
5）工件坐标系（WorkpieceCoordinateSystem）固定于工件上的笛卡尔坐标系。
6）工件坐标原点（Wrok-piexeCoordinateOrigin）工件坐标系原点。
7）机床零点（Machinezero）由机床制造商规定的机床原点。
8）参考位置（ReferencePosition）机床启动用的沿着坐标轴上的一个固定点，它可以用机床坐标原点为参考基准。
9）绝对尺寸（AbsoluteDimension)／绝对坐标值（AbsoluteCoordinates）距一坐标系原点的直线距离或角度。
10）增量尺寸（IncrementalDimension)／增量坐标值（IncrementalCoordinates）在一序列点的增量中，各点距前一点的距离或角度值。
11）最小输人增量（LeastInputIncrement）在加工程序中可以输人的最小增量单位。
12）命令增量（LeastcommandIncrement）从数值控制装置发出的命令坐标轴移动的最小增量单位。
13）插补（Interpolation）在所需的路径或轮廓线上的两个已知点间根据某一数学函数（例如：直线，圆弧或高阶函数）确定其多个中间点的位置坐标值的运算过程。
测绘专业名词中英文大地测量学
02.001 大地测量geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy 02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”) astro--geodetic network 02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centring02.033 归心改正correction for centring02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical 02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem02.083 高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
凝华三坐标实用手册(第二章)三坐标概述
第二章三坐标概述1、三坐标简介三坐标测量机(Coordinate Measuring Machine, CMM) 是指在一个六面体的空间范围内，能够表现几何形状、长度及圆周分度等测量能力的仪器，又称为三坐标测量仪或三次元。
三坐标测量机在结构上基本可分为移动桥式、固定桥式、L型测量机、高架桥式、水平臂式和关节臂式等。
在功能上可分为手动型和全自动型。
增加图片2、三坐标测量机基本描述根据ISO 10360国际标准《坐标测量机的验收检测和复检检测》第一部分规定，根据机械结构，对主要的测量机结构类型作如下分类：2.1.固定工作台悬臂式坐标测量机这类坐标测量机有沿着相互正交的导轨而运动的三个组成部分，装有探测系统的第一部分装在第二部分上相对其做垂直运动。
第一和第二部分的总成相对第三部分作水平运动。
第三部分以悬臂状被支撑在一端，并相对基座作水平运动，基座支撑工件。
增加蔡司图片2.2.移动桥式坐标测量机此类坐标测量机有沿着相互正交的导轨而运动的三个组成部分，装有探测系统的第一部分在第二部分上并相对其作垂直运动。
第一部分和第二部分的总成相对第三部分作水平运动。
第三部分被支撑在机座的对应两侧的支柱支撑件上，并相对机座作水平运动，机座承载工件。
优缺点：移动桥式坐标测量机是目前中小型测量机的主要机械结构组成形式，机械结构紧凑，工作台承载能力较强，工件对机器的动态测量性能影响较小，其自身具有工作台面，受地基影响相对较小，开敞性良好，由于光栅尺的分布在第三部分的一侧，所以受阿贝误差影响较明显，在精度方面相对较高，略低于固定桥式坐标测量机。
2.3.固定桥式坐标测量机此类坐标测量机有沿着相互正交的导轨面运动的三个组成部分，装有探测系统的第一部分在第二部分上并相对其作垂直运动。
第一部分和第二部分的总成沿着牢固装在机座两侧的桥架上端作水平运动，在第三部分上放置工件。
高精度测量机通常采用固定桥式结构形式，该结构优点为结构稳定，整机刚性好，采用中央驱动形式，使偏摆误差降低，光栅尺在工作台的中央，极大限度的减小阿贝误差，X,Y方向相互独立，降低了相互之间的影响。
数控技术常用术语中英文对照
数控技术常用术语中英文对照————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：数控技术常用术语中英文对照更新时间：2007-3-28 为了方便读者阅读相关数控资料和国外数控产品的相关手册，在此选择了常用的数控词汇及其英语对应单词，所选用的数控术语主要参考国际标准ISO 2806和中华人民共和国国家标准GB 8129—1987 以及近年新出现的一些数控词汇。
1）计算机数值控制（Computerized Numerical Control, CNC）用计算机控制加工功能，实现数值控制。
2）轴（Axis）机床的部件可以沿着其作直线移动或回转运动的基准方向。
3）机床坐标系（Machine Coordinate Sister ）固定于机床上，以机床零点为基准的笛卡尔坐标系。
4）机床坐标原点（Machine Coordinate Origin ）机床坐标系的原点。
5）工件坐标系（Work piece Coordinate System ）固定于工件上的笛卡尔坐标系。
6）工件坐标原点（Wrok-piexe Coordinate Origin）工件坐标系原点。
7）机床零点（Machine zero ）由机床制造商规定的机床原点。
8）参考位置（Reference Position ）机床启动用的沿着坐标轴上的一个固定点，它可以用机床坐标原点为参考基准。
9）绝对尺寸（Absolute Dimension)／绝对坐标值（Absolute Coordinates）距一坐标系原点的直线距离或角度。
10）增量尺寸（Incremental Dimension ) ／增量坐标值（Incremental Coordinates）在一序列点的增量中，各点距前一点的距离或角度值。
11）最小输人增量（Least Input Increment）在加工程序中可以输人的最小增量单位。
有关三坐标测量机的相关术语
有关三坐标测量机的相关术语第一篇：有关三坐标测量机的相关术语1.与测量机的精度评定标准ISO 10360相关术语1.1坐标测量机(CMM)是通过移动测头为测量手段的测量系统，有决定工件表面上的空间坐标的功能。
三坐标测量机: 有求取相互垂直的轴和轴移动量的光栅尺和测头，能从各个移动量中求取测头的三维坐标值的测量机。
1.2坐标测量依靠CMM实行对空间坐标的测量 1.3工件坐标系统对工件固定的坐标系统，一般简称作PCS(Part Coordinate System)1.4机械坐标系统对CMM的物理的或计算轴固定的坐标系统，一般简称为MCS(Machine Coordinate System)1.5 测头系统存在测头的情况下，由测头加长杆，测头交换系统，测针，测针交换系统和测针加长杆构成的系统。
测头：作为测量被测物的坐标位置工具，可以分为接触式测头和非接触式测头。
1.6测量有决定坐标数值的作用测量: 利用三坐标测量机，把测头碰到被测物后读取该位置的坐标值 1.7对大小测量CMM 标示的最大允许示值误差根据CMM的规格，规定等对允许的测量大小CMM标示误差的最大数值E 备注：对大小测量误差CMM标示的最大允许误差MPEE，表示为三种形式中的一个。
1.8测头误差检测球的材料的大小标准的半径范围，是由CMM能决定的示值误差。
测量是在检测球上实行利用一个测针的离散点测量（标示的测量点的记录，经过中间点后直接算定的特定的测量）方式。
1.9检测球对合格判定测试用和复检测试中使用的检测球的大小标准。
1.10分辨率有意义的分辨在可能的标示设备示值之间的最小差异。
在数码标示设备中，最小有效数字变换一个阶段时示值的变化。
2与测量有关术的术语 2.1测量学与测量有关的科学无论其不确定度是什么，以及无论在科学或技术的哪个领域中能实现，测量学包括与测量有关的理论和实际的两个观点等 2.2测量和以某种量(测量量)作为单位来使用的相同种类的其他量相比较为了决定量的值进行的一系列的工作 2..3检查决定是否满足特定规定 2.4正确度偏重一边的程度测量结果和测量量的真实值相一致的程度 2.5精密度测量值的离散（散布）的程度 2.6互换性与需互相组装的零件或者与要素无关,任意选择独立制造的零件进行组装也能发挥正常功能的性质(能维持功能或适合性,把设备或机器的零件之类的构成要素与其他机器的要素互换也能使用的性质)2.7重复性在同一测量条件（反复性条件）下，连续测量同一测定量所得到的结果之间相一致的程度。
三坐标 英语
Least Square
小二乘辅助要素
Least-Squares Associated Feature
长度标准
Length Standard
位置精度
Linear Displacement Accuracy
位置
Location
（坐标测量机）的低点密度
Low Point Density(Of A CMM)
Cartesian System
合格证
Certification
数控测量机
CNC CMM
热膨胀系数
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion
柱式坐标测量机
Column CMM
比较仪
Comparator
压缩空气
Compressed Air
计算机辅助精度改进
Computer Aided Accuracy
万向探测系统尺寸误差
Articulated Probing System Size Error
自动更换装置
Autochanger
轴向四轴误差
Axial Four-Axis Error
返回距离
Back Off Distance
滚珠丝杠
Ballscrew
较佳拟合
Best-Fit Process
笛卡尔直角坐标系
空气轴承
Air Bearing
找正、建坐标系
Alignment
万向探测系统
Articulated Probing System
万向探测系统形状误差
Articulated Probing System Form Error
万向探测系统位置误差
三坐标 英语
Maximum Permissible Probing Error
允许万向探测系统形状误差
Maximum Permissible Articulated Probing System Form Error
允许万向探测系统位置误差
Maximum Permissible Articulated Probing System Location Error
谐振
Resonance
（坐标测量机）的复检检测
Reverification Test(Of A CMM)
逆向工程
Reverse Engineering
自转
Roll
转台
Rotary Table
转台设置
Rotary Table Setup
采点策略
Sampling Strategy
计算机辅助设计
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
接触式探测系统
Contacting Probing System
连续轨迹控制
Continuous Path Control
转换规则
Conversion Rule
转换检测参数
Converted Test Parameter Values
平均失效时间
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
平均修复时间
Mean Time For Repair (MTFR)
测量空间
Measuring Volume
千分尺
Micrometer
微型应变片
Micro-Strain Gage
外接圆
Minimum Circumscribed Circle
一些常用的几何量计量专用名词的解释及英文对照
一些常用的几何量计量专用名词的解释及英文对照几何量计量专用名词一些常用的几何量计量专用名词的解释及英文对照.1 米（Metre,meter）国际单位制长度量的基本单位。
1983年第17届国际计量大会所通过“米”的新定义是：米是光在真空中1／299 792 458 s的时间间隔内所行进的路程长度。
注：该次大会还规定了米定义的三种复现方法（2002年进行了修正）。
①根据l=c0t关系式，由测出的时间t与给定的真空光速值c0复现长度值l；②根据λ＝c0/f关系式，由测出频率f与给定的真空光速值c0复现长度值l；③直接使用米定义咨询委员会推荐使用的激光的真空波长、光谱灯的真空波长或其他光源的真空波长中的任一种来复现。
2 波长（Wavelength）在一个周期T的时间内，波面传播的距离。
3 光谱线半宽度（Half-linear width）在该谱线上，光强为最大的波长与其光强只有最大值之半的波长两者间的差值。
4 线偏振光（Linear polarized light）光线矢量E沿着单一方向振动的光。
5 圆偏振和椭圆偏振光（Circular polarized light and elliplcallight）光的矢量的两个垂直分量之间具有相位差π／2时，称圆偏振光；具有其他相位差时称椭圆偏振光。
6 折射率（Refractive index）介质的折射率是真空中的光速c0与在介质中光束的传播速度c'的比值，即n＝c0/' c相应地，真空中光波的波长λ0在介质中变为λ'，而式中：υ－光的振动频率。
7 光的相干性（Light coherence）光波波场中，各个时刻到达空间各点的波列之间的相干情况称为光的相干性。
8 光程（Optical path）光线在某传播介质中通过的距离r与该介质折射率n的乘积，即l=1r。
9 光程差（Optical path difference）两束光线所通过的光程l1与l2之差，称为这两束光线的光程差，即=l1-l210 干涉场(Interference field)可观察到干涉图样的区域。
测绘学术语中英文对照
测绘学术语中英文对照01．普通测量学02．大地测量学02.001 大地测量 geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro--geodetic network02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centring02.033 归心改正correction for centring02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高 dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083 高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
CNC常见英文专业术语
CNC常见英文专业术语2017年9月9日10:42:18灬雨清风灬数控专业涉及到一些英文单词,有些朋友不是十分了解每个处的含义,在此,为了方便读者阅读相关数控资料和国外数控产品的相关手册,在此选择了常用的数控词汇及其英语对应单词,所选用的数控术语主要参考国际标准ISO 2806和中华人民共和国国家标准GB 8129—1987 以及近年新出现的一些数控词汇;1计算机数值控制Computerized Numerical Control, CNC 用计算机控制加工功能,实现数值控制;2轴Axis机床的部件可以沿着其作直线移动或回转运动的基准方向;3机床坐标系 Machine Coordinate Systern 固定于机床上,以机床零点为基准的笛卡尔坐标系;4机床坐标原点Machine Coordinate Origin 机床坐标系的原点;5工件坐标系Workpiece Coordinate System 固定于工件上的笛卡尔坐标系;6工件坐标原点 Wrok-piexe Coordinate Origin工件坐标系原点;7机床零点 Machine zero 由机床制造商规定的机床原点;8参考位置 Reference Position 机床启动用的沿着坐标轴上的一个固定点,它可以用机床坐标原点为参考基准;9绝对尺寸Absolute Dimension／绝对坐标值Absolute Coordinates距一坐标系原点的直线距离或角度;10增量尺寸 Incremental Dimension ／增量坐标值Incremental Coordinates在一序列点的增量中,各点距前一点的距离或角度值;11最小输人增量Least Input Increment 在加工程序中可以输人的最小增量单位;12命令增量Least command Increment从数值控制装置发出的命令坐标轴移动的最小增量单位;13插补 InterPolation在所需的路径或轮廓线上的两个已知点间根据某一数学函数例如：直线,圆弧或高阶函数确定其多个中间点的位置坐标值的运算过程;14直线插补Llne Interpolation这是一种插补方式,在此方式中,两点间的插补沿着直线的点群来逼近,沿此直线控制刀具的运动;15圆弧插补Circula : Interpolation这是一种插补方式,在此方式中,根据两端点间的插补数字信息,计算出逼近实际圆弧的点群,控制刀具沿这些点运动,加工出圆弧曲线;16顺时针圆弧Clockwise Arc刀具参考点围绕轨迹中心,按负角度方向旋转所形成的轨迹．方向旋转所形成的轨迹．17逆时针圆弧Counterclockwise Arc刀具参考点围绕轨迹中心,按正角度方向旋转所形成的轨迹;18手工零件编程Manual Part Prograrnmiog手工进行零件加工程序的编制;19计算机零件编程Cornputer Part prograrnrnlng用计算机和适当的通用处理程序以及后置处理程序准备零件程序得到加工程序;20绝对编程Absolute Prograrnming用表示绝对尺寸的控制字进行编程;21增量编程Increment programming用表示增量尺寸的控制字进行编程;22宇符Character用于表示一组织或控制数据的一组元素符号;23控制字符Control Character出现于特定的信息文本中,表示某一控制功能的字符;24地址Address一个控制字开始的字符或一组字符,用以辨认其后的数据;25程序段格式Block Format字、字符和数据在一个程序段中的安排;26指令码Instruction Code /机器码Machine Code计算机指令代码,机器语言,用来表示指令集中的指令的代码;27程序号Program Number以号码识别加工程序时,在每一程序的前端指定的编号 .28程序名Prograo Name以名称识别加工程序时,为每一程序指定的名称;29指令方式Command Mode指令的工作方式;30程序段Block程序中为了实现某种操作的一组指令的集合．31零件程序P art Program在自动加工中,为了使自动操作有效按某种语言或某种格式书写的顺序指令集;零件程序是写在输人介质上的加工程序,也可以是为计算机准备的输人,经处理后得到加工程序;32加工程序Machine Program在自动加工控制系统中,按自动控制语言和格式书写的顺序指令集;这些指令记录在适当的输人介质上,完全能实现直接的操作;33程序结束End of Program指出工件加工结束的辅助功能34数据结束End of Data程序段的所有命令执行完后,使主轴功能和其他功能例如冷却功能均被删除的辅助功能;35程序暂停Progrom Stop程序段的所有命令执行完后,删除主轴功能和其他功能,并终止其后的数据处理的辅助功能.36准备功能Preparatory Functton使机床或控制系统建立加工功能方式的命令．37辅助功能MiscellaneouS Function控制机床或系统的开关功能的一种命令;38刀具功能Tool Funetion依据相应的格式规范,识别或调人刀具;39进给功能Feed Function定义进给速度技术规范的命令;40主轴速度功能Spindle Speed Function 定义主轴速度技术规范的命令;41进给保持Feed Hold在加工程序执行期问,暂时中断进给的功能;42刀具轨迹Tool Path切削刀具上规定点所走过的轨迹;43零点偏置Zero Offset数控系统的一种特征．它容许数控测量系统的原点在指定范围内相对于机床零点移动,但其永久零点则存在数控系统中;44刀具偏置Tool Offset在一个加工程序的全部或指定部分,施加于机床坐标轴上的相对位移．该轴的位移方向由偏置值的正负来确定.45刀具长度偏置Tool Length Offset在刀具长度方向卜的偏晋46刀具半径偏置Tool Radlus OffseO刀具在两个坐标方向的刀具偏置;47刀具半径补偿Cutter Compensation垂直于刀具轨迹的位移,用来修正实际的刀具半径与编程的刀具半径的差异48刀具轨迹进给速度Tool Path Feedrate 刀具上的基准点沿着刀具轨迹相对于工件移动时的速度,其单位通常用每分钟或每转的移动量来表示;49固定循环Fixed Cycle , Canned Cycle 预先设定的一些操作命令,根据这些操作命令使机床坐标袖运动,主袖工作,从而完成固定的加工动作;例如,钻孔、铿削、攻丝以及这些加工的复合动作;50子程序Subprogram加工程序的一部分,子程序可由适当的加工控制命令调用而生效51工序单Planning sheet在编制零件的加工工序前为其准备的零件加工过程表;52执行程序Executlve Program在 CNC 系统中,建立运行能力的指令集合53倍率Override使操作者在加工期间能够修改速度的编程值例如,进给率、主轴转速等的手工控制功能;54伺服机构Servo-Mwchanisnt这是一种伺服系统,其中被控量为机械位置或机械位置对时间的导数.55误差Error计算值、观察值或实际值与真值、给定值或理论值之差56分辨率Resolution两个相邻的离散量之间可以分辨的最小间隔。
《三坐标测量技术》课程教学大纲
《三坐标测量技术》课程教学大纲课程编号：0803401012课程名称：三坐标测量技术英文名称：Three coordinates Measuring Technique课程类型：专业基础限选课总学时：32 讲课学时：30 实验学时：2学时：32学分：2适用对象：四年制机械设计制造及其自动化专业先修课程：互换性与技术测量、机械设计、液压与气压传动、测试技术、数控技术等一、课程性质、目的和任务三坐标测量技术课程是机械设计制造及其自动化专业机械制造专业方向的一门专业基础限选课。
三坐标测量是现代企业技术进步、产品升级、质量控制不可或缺的检测手段。
通过本课程的学习让学生了解几何参数的先进测量技术，初步掌握三坐标测量机的测量原理，组成及特点，测量机的使用方法，为今后从事三坐标测量机的设计制造和操作打下良好的基础。
二、教学基本要求本课程以三坐标测量机为研究对象。
重点讨论三坐标测量机的功用、类型、主体结构、测头、控制系统、软件，举例说明三坐标测量机的应用。
学完本课程应达到以下基本要求：1．掌握坐标测量机的测量原理和基本的组成特点；2．初步掌握坐标测量机主机的结构组成及特点；3．初步掌握坐标测量机测头结构型式及特点；4．初步掌握坐标测量机控制系统的结构，了解各功能部件的控制方法；5．初步掌握坐标测量机软件各功能模块的特点与使用技术；6．理解并掌握坐标测量机的典型测量示例；7．初步掌握坐标测量机测量不确定度的误差来源，坐标测量机对环境基本要求；8．了解坐标测量机的误差检定方法；9．了解坐标测量机的误差补偿技术；10．了解三坐标测量机的发展方向。
三、教学内容及要求1．概论（1）了解三维测量的需求与意义；（2）了解三维测量技术的演变历程；（3）掌握三坐标测量机的组成；（4）了解三坐标测量机的类型及选用方法。
2. 坐标测量机的主机（1）了解坐标测量机的结构形式与材料特点；（2）了解标尺系统的特点；（3）了解导轨的类型特点及设计中的注意事项；（4）了解驱动机构的传动特点；（5）了解实现平衡的不同方法及特点。
中英文翻译-三坐标测量机外文翻译(可编辑)
中英文翻译-三坐标测量机外文翻译（可编辑）英文原文Coordinate Measuring MachiningOn-line diagnostics in the Mobile Spatial coordinate Measuring System MScMSFiorenzo Franceschini?, Maurizio Galetto, Domenico Maisano, Luca MastrogiacomoPolitecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Sistemi di Produzione ed Economia dell’Azienda DISPEA, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 - Torino,ItalyKeywords:Mobile measuring systemCoordinate metrologyDimensional measurementsLarge-scale metrologyWireless-sensor-networksLocalization algorithmsOn-line diagnosticsAbstract:Mobile Spatial coordinate Measuring System MScMS is a wireless-sensor-network based systemdeveloped at the industrial metrology and quality engineering laboratory of DISPEA ? Politecnico diTorino. It has been designed to perform simple and rapid indoor dimensional measurements of large-size volumes large-scale metrologyItis made up of three basic parts: a “constellation” of wireless devices Crickets, a mobile probe, and a PC to store and elaborate data. Crickets and mobile probe utilize ultrasound US transceivers in order to evaluate mutual distancesThe system makes it possible to calculate the position ? in terms of spatial coordinates ? of the object points “touched” by the probe. Acquired data are then available for different types of elaboration determination of distances, curves or surfaces of measured objectsIn order to protect the system against causes of error such as, for example, US signal diffraction and reflection, external uncontrolled US sources key jingling, neon blinking, etc., or software non-acceptable solutions, MScMS implements some statistical tests for on-line diagnostics. Three of them are deeply analyzed in this paper: “energy model-baseddiagnostics”, “distance model-based diagnostics”, and“sensor physical diagnostics”. For each measurement, if all these tests are satisfied at once, the measured result may be considered acceptable with a specific confidence coefficient. Otherwise, the measurement is rejectedAfter a general description of the MScMS, the paper focuses on the description of these three onlinediagnostic tools. Some preliminary results achieved by the system prototype are also presented and discussed1. IntroductionIn many industrial fields for example, automotive and aerospace dimensional measurements of large-size objects should be easily and rapidly taken [1?5]. Nowadays, the problem can be handled using many metrological systems, based on different technologies optical, mechanical, electromagnetic, etc.. These systems are more or less adequate, depending on measuring conditions, user’s experience and skill, cost, accuracy, portability, etc. In general formeasuring medium?large-size objects, portable systems can be preferred tofixed ones. Transferring the measuring system to the measured object place is often more practical than the vice-versa [1]This paper analyzes the Mobile Spatial coordinate Measuring System MScMS, which has been developed at the industrial metrology and quality engineering laboratory of DISPEA ? Politecnicodi Torino [6]MScMS is a wireless-sensor-network based system, designed to perform dimensional measurementsofmedium?large-size objectsfor example, longerons of railway vehicles, airplane wings, fuselages,etc.. These objects can hardly be measured by traditional coordinatemeasurement systems, such as, for example, Coordinate Measurement Machines CMMs because of their limited working volume [7,1]. MScMS working principle is very similar to that of well-known NAVSTAR GPS NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System [8]. The main difference is that MScMS is based on ultrasound US technology to evaluate spatial distances, instead of radiofrequency RF.MScMSiseasily adaptable to different measuring environments and does not require complex procedures for installation, start-up or calibration [6]The aim of this paper is to describe the on-line diagnostics tools implemented in the system in order to continuously monitor measurement reliability2. The concept of “reliability of a measurement”If we refer to the field of CMMs, the concept of “on-line metrologicalperformance verification” is strictly related to the notion of“on-line self-diagnostics” [5,9]. In a same sense, this approach is “complementary” to that of uncertainty evaluation [10?15]. In general, the on-line measurement verification is a guarantee for the preservation of a measurement system characteristics including accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility [16,17]. The effect of a measuring system degradation is the produc tion of “non-reliable measurements”In general, we can define the concept of “reliability of a measurement” as follows3. MScMS technological and operating features MScMS prototype is made up of three main components see Fig. 1 [6]: - a constellation network of wireless devices Crickets, opportunely arranged around the working area;- a measuring probe, communicating via ultrasound transceivers USwith constellation devices in order to obtain the coordinates of the touched points;- a computing and controlling system PC, receiving and processingdatasent by the mobile probe, in order to evaluate objectsgeometrical featuresThe measuring probe is a mobile system hosting two wireless devices, a tip to touch the surface points of the measured objects and a trigger to activate data acquisition see Fig. 2 [6]Given the geometrical characteristics of the mobile probe, the tip coordinates can be univocally determined by means of the spatial coordinates of the two probe Crickets [6]4. MScMS diagnostic systemFig. 5. An example of 2D mass?spring system. Three reference nodes_x1, _x2, _x3 with known position are linked by springs to the point to be localized _xP Being based upon US technology, MScMS is sensible to many influencing factors. US signals may be diffracted and reflected by obstacles interposed between two devices, external uncontrolled events can become undesirable US wave sources and even positioning algorithms can lead to non-acceptable solutions. These and other potential causes of accidental measurementerrors must be taken under control to assure proper levels of accuracyWith the aim of protecting the system, MScMS implements a series of statistical tests for on-line diagnostics. Three of them are analyzed in the following sections:- “energy mod el-based diagnostics”;- “distance model-based diagnostics”;- “sensor physical diagnostics”5. ConclusionMScMSis an innovative wireless measuring systemcomplementar to CMMs.A prototype of this system has been developed at the industrialmetrology and quality engineering laboratory of DISPEA Politecnico di Torino. It is portable, not too much expensive, and suitable for large-scale metrology uneasy on conventional CMMsSome innovative aspects of the system concern its on-line diagnostics tools. When dealing with measurement systems, the importance of a good diagnostics of produced measures is crucial for applications in which errors can lead to serious consequencesThe diagnostics tools described in this paper, all based on the concept of “reliability of a measurement”, enable MScMS user to reject measurements which do not satisfy a series of statistical acceptance tests with a given confidence coefficientFor eachmeasurement, if all these tests are satisfied at once, the measured result is considered acceptable. Otherwise, the measurement is rejectedAfter rejection, the operator is asked to redo the measurement, changing the orientation/positioning of the probe or, if it is necessary, beacons arrangement in the system networkIn same cases, the system might force to repeat a measurement too many times, causing an excessive extension of the measurement duration. This problem can be overcome by changing the configuration of the constellationFuturework, aswell as improving the power of the existing tools, will be aimed to enrich MScMS control system by implementing additional tools able to steer the operator duringmeasurement. For example, suggesting the position of the probe inthe measuring volume, or proposing possible extensions of the network ofbeacons, or automatically filtering and/or correcting corrupted measurements6. Three coordinates measuring instrument profile Three dollars and name is mechanical measuring three coordinates an essential toolTri-ordinate measuring machine, it is to point to in one hexahedral space can behave, within the scope of geometry, length and circumferential indexing, etc, and the instrument measurement capabilities three coordinates measuring instrument or called three coordinates quantity bedTri-ordinate measuring instrument can be defined as "a has can make three direction of detectors, can be in three mutually perpendicular guide rail to move, the probe contact or non-contact signal means such as the three shaft transmit system as displacement measurement by optical ruler data processor or computer calculation, etc all point coordinates the needed parts X, Y, Z and various function measurement instrument". Tri-ordinate measuring instrument measurement function should include size accuracy,positioning accuracy, geometry precision and contour precision, etcA few decades ago, three coordinates measuring instrument industry is only few people know. Since the 1960's, because electronic, computer and sensor technology development, the three coordinates functions and application of measuring apparatus, also improved many, make the manufacturing industry can achieve high quality,high efficiency and multifunctional etc measurement requirements. So quality management department can to size of workpiece geometry andoutline, such as rapid and accurate measuring reachRefer From mechanical speaking, coordinate measuring machine three yuan advantages are:1 the key -, and technological progress coordinate measuring machine for the advancement of science and technology, make a coordinate measuring machine practical, and have many different measurement function. The key technological progress as follows: floating bearing, each face -axes air-float bearing mobile use, make head mobile smooth, measuring precision measurement can be very moving head; Optical linear feet, cooperate installed on the machine coordinate system, optical linear feet nubile can very precise coordinate measuring value; have to win Computer equipment, coordinate measuring machine adopts calculation method of obtaining measurements results, data processor and has the measuring software, increased the function of coordinate measuring machine. Due to the above three technological progress, make a coordinate measuring machine has the superior measurement function2, the advantages of coordinate measuring machine are as follows: A, in space detection head along the X, Y, Z three axial movement, its are scrambling to right standard or polar saidB, workpiece cube of five sides are measurable, need not transform workpiece position, ifinstalled with proper jigs and special measure head, sixth surface can also measuredC, coordinatemeasuring machine operation and measure the work, do not needspecial technology can do the jobD, can be in any position, set, and to work axis indirect measurement result calculated main algorithm, increasing the functionand using the elastic measurementE, using computer data processor,quickly and accurately calculate the measured value, cooperate to teach program of CMM measuring Richard work automationF, replace traditional measurement methods to improve the inspection accuracy, and for high precision products, can 100 percent inspectionG, complex workpiece and measure the difficulty of workpiece is high, can be measured accuratelyH, sharply reduce inspection time, inspection charges, inspection human, increase measurement efficiency.encesCoordinate measuring machine type can be divided into:1, right Angle coordinate system: including painting line machine, cantilever, bridge posture;2, joint coordinate system: joint coordinate measuring machine by differential, this type of measurement section coordinate system with measured along the surface of workpiece mobile, head to the joint Angle will guide the change by decoder, the angular measuring know each axis, the joint coordinates of homogeneous transformation type, can move through the axis quantitythe market typically have: the epithet in three times yuan, video images, three times the CNC three yuan RMB, economical three yuan, optical image measuring instrument, longmen type three yuan, CNC automatic big three yuan, schedule of non-contact three yuan, optical tri-ordinate measuring machine, three coordinates measuring instrument, three-dimensional coordinates, optical three yuan, probetype three times yuan, economical manual three yuan measuring machine, high precision automatic three yuan measuring machine, measuring type three yuan measuring machine, three yuan measuring machine, second yuan measuring instrument, three yuan measuring instrument, three yuan,activity bridge type three yuan measuring machine, fixed bridge type three yuan measuring instrumentActually three times by exposure to $workpiece surface can bedivided into: touch coordinate measuring machine and contactless coordinate measuring machine. Coordinate measuring machine will contact with floating bearing introduced above, and the measuring of the headnon-contact coordinate measuring machine refers to our present market called image type precision surveying and mapping three yuan. Itsfunction generally have:1, CNC electric desktop: in a software function control working mesa, increase operation personnel use and operational convenience 2, CNC automatic measurement: the set automatically according to customers can be automatically measure the product size, measured values can be automatically forwarded to Excel generate statistics report3, SPC data conversion process capability analysis : can the measured data output to Excel analysis4, AutoCAD standard engineering drawing can be input: the standard engineering graphics directly AutoCAD input to the images of surveying and mapping apparatus software, make AutoCAD engineering drawings with actual workpiece appearance, comparing overlapping so as to find out the difference between workpieces andengineering drawing5, graphics output to AutoCAD and automatically adjust: according to the real-time image can be described according to the actual workpiece appearance according to the actual needs of the graphics to set automatically benchmark and right during transmission6, automatic take line, take round: need not with the artificially takeline or round in a certain range, can be automatically capture software most accurate linear or circular8, scanning workpiece appearance as action map: smother origin appearance chart form to become action map,if with the mouse is workbench will automatically will you click moved to screen centerMeter 9, JPEG images input: input previously stored in the photo JPEG image the actual workpiece real-time image overlapping contrast10 and urumqi-kuitun jiangshan graph: all the graphics observable workpiece similar AutoCAD zoom function11, in the view of all the floor-kan uriah to mark the floor-kan: the ability to size. To mark in the map12, custom round: according to customer's need can be defined standard graph since by customers to define round circle coordinates, diameter,radius. Again with the standard for the workpiece circular and image contrast, thus find overlapping between the workpiece and standard error of graphics13, custom line: the customer to define the starting point coordinates counting, length, rotating Angle, again with images as the workpiece, thus find overlapping contrast between the workpiece and standard error of graphics14, direct drawing: move work table, to directShiZiXian center line, circle, arc drawing not only can be in AutoCAD directly generate graphics while in surveying and mapping apparatus software images also generate the same shape and position of the graphics15, custom coordinates customer: can the need according to customer itself in the actual live video of workpiece set automatically coordinates origin 0, 0, again with 0, 0 point as a benchmark in picture as point point X, Y marked position16, coordinates with his label set coordinates origin 0, 0 as a benchmark, tagging map coordinatesarbitrary point17, patent take R Angle function: for the present market condition accurate plane take R Angle way18, measurement: measurable any plane geometry size Angle, diameter, radius, point to the line of the distance and round eccentric, two round spacing, etc.20, automatic capturing graphics line can be automatically capture each node: the starting point, the halfway point, line intersection of two line ending and the circle and circumference, three node, used to help mark drawing application function21, will product appearance stroke, trace graphics, can turn toAutoCAD forming engineering drawingsThree times in ACG bound, three times to explain: $$the normalsocial reality is refers to circle. The world beyond OTAKUTri-ordinate measuring machine measurement method for the CMM measuring product featuresaccording to need usually divided into non-contact measurement,non-contact measurement and contact with non-contact composite measurement, currently tri-ordinate measuring machine have been widely used in automotive, aerospace, mould and machining field and in the school scientific research units also widely used to boost domestic product overall competitiveness to get not the effect that cannot ignore. Tri-ordinate measuring instrument of measuring method of classification: 1, non-contact probe measurement 3 coordinates measuring meters most commonly used the most common use; 2, image composite tri-ordinate measuring apparatus; Three, laser composite tri-ordinate measuring instrument mainly applied to product measurement and reverse copy。
三坐标培训教程
直角坐标系
测量机的空间范 围可用一个立方 体表示。立方体 的每条边是测量 机的一个轴向。 三条边的交点为 机器的原点。
Z 三坐标培训教程 Y
X
原点
直角坐标系
每个轴被分成许 Z三坐标培训教程
多相同的分割来
表示测量单位。 10
测量空间的任意
一点可被期间的
唯一一组X、Y
Y
、Z值来定义。 5
10
5
X
0 | | | | 5 | | | |10
4. 常见测量机主机结构形式
2.固定桥式
三坐标培训教程
特点:由于桥架固定,刚性好, 动台中心驱动,中心光栅阿贝误差小, 以上特点使这种结构的测量机精度 非常高,是高精度和超高精度的 测量机首选结构
4. 常见测量机主机结构形式
3.高架桥式
三坐标培训教程
特点:高架桥式测量机适合于大型和 超大型测量机,适合于航空,航天,造船行业, 的大型零件或大型模具的测量,一般采用 双光栅,和双驱动,等技术,提高精度.
护措施。
6配备有扫描功能的测量机，由于扫描测头采集的数据非常大，必须用专门的扫描数据处理单 元进行处理，并控制测量机按照零件表面形状，保持扫描接触的方式运动。
7．与计算机进行各种信息交流。 虽然控制系统本身就是一台计算机，但是没有与外界交互的介面，交流方式主要是RS232接
口或网卡.
二. 控制系统(控制柜)
三坐标培训教程
直角坐标系
直角坐标系
直角坐标系 三坐标培训教程
Z Microval
MicroXcel & Xcel Machine 坐标轴规定
Y
X
Older Mistral
Z
Scirocco & Typhoon Machine