有关中国经济的英语词汇

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经济类英语词汇

经济类英语词汇不景气 slump 〔衰退 recession〕二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares部股〔非上市招股〕 private company shares牛市 bull market法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk供应学派 supply-side economist第一产业〔农业〕 agriculture (primary industry)第二产业〔工业〕 manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业〔效劳业〕 service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国生产总值 GDP gross domestic product 〔商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出〕国民生产总值 GNP gross national product〔商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出〕人均国生产总值 GDP per capita宏观经济 macro economy互助基金 mutual fund扩大需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款 collateralised loans住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan货币主义者 monetarist计划经济 planned economy指令性计划 mandatory plan技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing流动性风险 liquidity risk操作风险 operational risk部审计 internal audit抛售 bear sales配套政策 supporting policies中国人民银行〔中央银行〕The People’s Bank of China〔central bank〕四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China〔〕and中国建立银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares实际增长率 growth rate in real terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index 〔RPI〕生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for living expenses扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款residents’ bank s avings deposit恩格尔系数〔食品开支占总支出的比例〕 Engel coefficient基尼系数〔衡量地区差异〕 Gini coefficient购置力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) 〔衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比拟两种货币各自的国购置力〕片面追求开展速度 excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation实体经济 the real economy经济规律 laws of economics市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive市场风险 market risk收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch加强国有商业银行部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业〔中外合资、中外合作、外商独资〕 overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures,Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation吸收游资 absorb idle fund经常性贷款 commercial lending经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规和开展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数 composite index纳斯达克〔高技术企业板〕 NASDAQ 〔National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board通货紧缩 deflation中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购置力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革intensify reform; deepen one’s commit ment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes债转股 debt-to-equity swap头寸宽裕〔头寸紧缺〕 in an easy position (tight position)产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization放松银根 to ease monetary policy信息经济 IT economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy信息时代 information age全球化 globalization 〔全球性globality〕信誉风险 reputational risk风险评级 risk rating到期不还贷 default on a loan资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资〔贷款〕组合 investment (loan) portfolio外汇储藏充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良贷款 non-performing loans防和化解金融风险 address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会 supervisory board实行慎重会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies别离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale规金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行 state policy-related bank国家开展银行 State Development Bank知识经济 knowledge-based economy网络经济 Internet-based networked economy指导性计划 guidance plan社会主义市场经济〔中国〕 socialist market economy社会市场经济〔德国〕 social market economy新经济〔美国〕 new economy中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision中国人民银行法Law of the People’s Bank of China商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks保险法 Law of Insurance证券法 Law of Securities巴塞尔原那么 Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of superv ised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention事前监管 proactive regulation and supervisionaccount number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a check 兑付to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'Indo Chine 汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司〔贴现公司〕neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建立银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXI MBA NK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购置力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接〔对角〕套汇indirect exchange 间接〔三角〕套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储藏foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储藏money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税那么specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者proprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行securities 证券premium 溢价share capital 股本composite index 综合指数capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购underwriter承销商road show 路演primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 蓝筹股gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户broker/dealer 券商insider trading/dealing 幕交易prospectus招股说明书merger and acquisition收购兼并warrant 认股权证raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips红筹股junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券financing 融资(编辑：admin)21/ 21。

高中英语高考复习中国社会与经济必知词汇

高考英语中国社会与经济必知词汇多元文化论cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus搬迁户a relocated unit or household独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务household management service民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor青春期 puberty; adolescence全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义 hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies“一国两制”One Country, Two Systems“三个代表”理论 the Three Represents Theory 两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话North-South Dialogue人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念awareness of law法治国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning居委会neighborhood committee可持续发展 sustainable development领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization小康社会a well-off society与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength人口老龄化 the aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement大学城 college town高等教育higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of(liberal) arts理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering师范学院 normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college)entrance examination 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized course课程表school schedule学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit人才交流 talent exchange素质教育quality-oriented education应试教育 exam-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching希望工程Project Hope走读生 extern; non-resident student住宿生 boarder研究生 graduate student; post-graduate(student) 应届毕业生 graduating student; current year's graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization校园文化 campus culture学历教育 education with record of formalschooling学龄儿童school-ager学生减负 alleviate the burden on students职业道德 work ethics; professional ethics网络世界 cyber world网络文化 cyber culture网络犯罪 cybercrime网络购物 online shopping信息革命 information revolution1电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品genetically modified food(GMF)试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因突变 genetic mutation3D 电影 three-dimensional movie虚拟银行 virtual bank信息高速公路information superhighway同步卫星 geostationary satellite多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子管理e-management办公自动化Office Automation(OA)重点项目 key project网络谣言 online rumors森林生态系统forest ecosystem海洋生态系统marine ecosystem垄断价格 monopolize the price汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas车牌摇号a lottery for license plates牌照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system 黑名单制度a blacklist system二代身份证 2nd-generation ID card直接经济损失 direct economic loss应急系统 emergency response system闯红灯 run red light遮挡、污损号牌block or deface license plates 扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving总需求aggregate demand总供给aggregate supply企业文化 corporate culture企业形象 corporate image(CI); enterprise image 跨国公司transnational corporation创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter假日经济 holiday economy人力资本human capital航空和航天工业aerospace industry电子工业 electronic industry汽车制造工业 car industry娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业information industry知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry轻工业 light industry博彩业 lottery industry制造业manufacturing industry垄断行业 monopolized industry市场多元化 market diversification市场经济 market economy市场监管 market supervision购买力purchasing power熊市 bear market牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization房地产real estate首付 down-payment业主home owner个人购房贷款individual housing loan经济全球化economic globalization经济特区special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长 economic growth泡沫经济 bubble economy关税tariff纳税人 tax payer宏观经济macro economy经济过热overheated economy通货膨胀 inflation贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务open market operation(OMO)稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing二十国集团Group of Twenty(G20)财政部部长Minister of Finance经济活力economic vitality结构改革 structural reform硬资产hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor反垄断antitrust; anti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the publicfinance system信用支持credit support2。

英语分类词汇国民经济

国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, educationand science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets折旧费 depreciation cost关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不应求 short supply经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture,contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出资方式 means of contributing investment合营期限 contract term of a joint venture三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples,assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴 trade partner转口贸易 transit trade外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals andmanagerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程 turn-key project招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)标书 bidding document竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal evaluation开标 bid opening中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry andforeign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertiseand qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage 加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。

有关中国经济的英语词汇

总需求 aggregate demand总供给 aggregate supply企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image跨国公司 cross-national corporation创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter假日经济 holiday economy人力资本human capital航空和航天工业aerospace industry飞机制造工业aircraft industry电子工业 electronic industry汽车制造工业 car industry娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业 information industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry博彩业 lottery industry制造业 manufacturing industry垄断行业 monopoly industries市场多元化 market diversification市场经济 market economy市场监管 market supervision购买力 purchasing power熊市 bear market牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)-经济增长 economic growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer宏观经济macro economy货币投放量 the size of money supply流动性过剩excess liquidity经济过热 overheated economy通货膨胀inflation抑制通货膨胀curb inflation注入流动性 to inject liquidity贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产 tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability-公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management信用支持 credit support。

英语中宏观经济常用词汇以及实际应用

英语中宏观经济常用词汇以及实际应用1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (国内生产总值)Sentence:The country's Gross Domestic Product grew by 3% this year, indicating economic expansion.中文翻译:该国今年的国内生产总值增长了3%，显示出经济的扩张。

2. Inflation (通货膨胀)Sentence:High inflation rates can erode consumers' purchasing power over time.中文翻译:高通货膨胀率会随着时间的推移侵蚀消费者的购买力。

3. Unemployment Rate (失业率)Sentence:The unemployment rate decreased to 5% last month, signaling a recovering labor market.中文翻译:上个月失业率下降至5%，表明劳动力市场正在恢复。

4. Fiscal Policy (财政政策)Sentence:The government implemented expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth.中文翻译:政府实施了扩张性的财政政策以刺激经济增长。

5. Monetary Policy (货币政策)Sentence:The central bank adjusted its monetary policy by lowering interest rates to encourage borrowing.中文翻译:中央银行通过降低利率调整了货币政策，以鼓励借贷。

6. Balance of Trade (贸易平衡)Sentence:A positive balance of trade occurs when a country's exports exceed its imports.中文翻译:当一个国家的出口超过进口时，就会出现贸易平衡顺差。

中国经济词汇汇总

Economic center 经济中心Economic construction 经济建设Reform and opening-up 改革开放GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值The growth rate 增长率GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值Exchange rate 汇率Equivalent to 相当于Medium-advanced countries 中等发达国家Retail sales volume 零售量Consumer goods 生活消费品Industrial output value 工业总产值Direct foreign investment 外商直接投资Trans-national enterprises 跨国公司The import and export volume 进出口总额The total export volume 出口总额China’s national economy 国民经济Economic performance 经济运行To promote institutional innovation 推进体制创新Productive forces 生产力Socialist market economic structure 社会主义市场经济体制The state-owned economy 国有经济The macro-control system 宏观调控体系The means of macro-control 宏观调控手段The construction of the social security system 社会保障体系建设Endowment insurance 养老保险The medicare insurance system 医疗保险制度The unemployment insurance system 失业保险The foreign capital absorbed 吸收的外资The ascend to a new level 上新台阶Labor service 劳务承包Resources development 资源开发Product research and development 产品研发Satellite telecommunication 卫星通信Overseas business 国际化经营To consolidate and strengthen the primary industry 巩固和加强第一产业Upgrade and transform the secondary industry 提高和改造第二产业Actively develop the tertiary industry 积极发展第三产业Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Boosting domestic demand 扩大内需To increase the income of the medium-and low-income urban residents 增加城镇中低收入居民的收入To encourage more consumption 鼓励增加消费To stimulate economic growth 拉动经济增长To crack down on smuggling 严厉打击走私To achieve a favorable balance of international payments 平衡国际收支To keep the value of RMB stable 稳定人民币币值To guard against and reduce financial risks 防范和化解金融风险社会主义精神文明建设socialist culture and ethics system良好的政治社会环境a good political and social environment零售总额the total value of retail sales外贸总值the value of foreign trade利用外资the amount of foreign capital utilized。

经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语

经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语词汇大全——掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语是专门用于描述经济领域的语言。

掌握经济英语词汇对于从事经济学、国际贸易、金融等相关工作的人来说至关重要。

本篇文章将为您提供一个经济英语词汇大全，帮助您扩充经济领域的专业术语。

一、宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究整体经济活动，包括国家的经济增长、通货膨胀率、失业率等。

在宏观经济学中，以下术语是必须掌握的：1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值，衡量一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。

2. Inflation：通货膨胀，指货币流通量增加，导致商品和服务价格普遍上涨的现象。

3. Unemployment Rate：失业率，表示劳动力市场上正在找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的比例。

4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和政府支出来影响经济活动的手段。

5. Monetary Policy：货币政策，指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制经济增长和通货膨胀的手段。

二、国际贸易（International Trade）国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。

了解以下国际贸易的专业术语可以帮助您更好地理解相关领域的内容：1. Import：进口，指从外国购买商品或服务并引入本国。

2. Export：出口，指本国商品或服务的销售给其他国家。

3. Trade Balance：贸易平衡，指一个国家或地区进口和出口之间的差额。

4. Tariff：关税，是对进口货物征收的税费。

5. Free Trade Agreement：自由贸易协定，是为促进成员国之间贸易自由化而签订的协议。

三、金融（Finance）金融领域涉及金融市场、投资、风险管理等综合性经济活动。

以下是一些金融方面常用的经济英语词汇：1. Stock Market：股票市场，指股票的买卖和交易所的场所。

关于中国经济的英文词汇翻译

关于中国经济的英文词汇翻译For four years in a row(连续四年)a year-on-year increase(比上年增加)reform and opening up policy(改革开放政策)social programs(社会事业)per capita(每人的，人均的)after adjusting for inflation(扣除价格因素)moderately prosperous society(小康社会)macroeconomic regulatory(宏观调控)new socialist countryside(社会主义新农村)pursuant to the law(依法)rural migrant workers in cities(农民工)surplus production capacity(生产力过剩)opened to traffic(通车)energy conservation(节能)state-owned enterprises(国有企业)civil servant(公务员)made breakthroughs(取得突破)compulsory education(义务教育)miscellaneous fees(杂费)boarding schools(寄宿制学校)distance education(远程教育)secondary vocational schools(中等职业学校)incorporated villages(行政村)unincorporated villages(自然村)After years of effort(经过多年努力)basic cost of living allowances(最低生活保障) autonomous regions(自治区)free our minds(解放思想)keep pace with the times(与时俱进)Chinese socialism(中国特色社会主义)social harmony(社会和谐)special administrative regions(特别行政区)prudent fiscal policy。

经济与财务英语词汇大全

经济与财务英语词汇大全一、宏观经济词汇1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值GDP measures the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period of time.2. Inflation：通货膨胀Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over a period of time. It is often measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).3. Monetary Policy：货币政策Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to influence the availability and cost of money and credit in the economy, usually through changes in interest rates or the money supply.4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the overall economy. It can be expansionary (increasing spending and/or reducing taxes) or contractionary (reducing spending and/or increasing taxes) depending on the economic conditions.5. Unemployment Rate：失业率Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.6. Exchange Rate：汇率Exchange rate refers to the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. It is determined by the foreign exchange market and influenced by factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market sentiment.二、财务管理词汇1. Balance Sheet：资产负债表Balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.2. Income Statement：利润表Income statement is a financial statement that shows the company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss over a specific period of time.3. Cash Flow Statement：现金流量表Cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows the changes in a company's cash and cash equivalents over a specific period of time.4. Return on Investment (ROI)：投资回报率ROI measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the gain or loss generated relative to the cost of the investment.5. Earnings per Share (EPS)：每股收益EPS is a financial ratio that indicates the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.6. Dividend：股息Dividend refers to the distribution of a portion of a company's profits to its shareholders. It can be paid in the form of cash or additional shares of stock.三、市场与投资词汇1. Stock Market：股票市场Stock market is a market where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold.2. Bull Market：牛市Bull market refers to a market with rising prices and investor optimism.3. Bear Market：熊市Bear market refers to a market with falling prices and investor pessimism.4. Portfolio：投资组合Portfolio refers to a collection of investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, held by an individual or institution.5. Diversification：多元化投资Diversification is a risk management strategy that involves spreading investments across different asset classes and sectors to reduce exposure to any single investment.6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)：首次公开募股IPO refers to the process by which a private company becomes a publicly traded company by offering its shares to the public for the first time.四、国际贸易词汇1. Free Trade：自由贸易Free trade refers to the unrestricted flow of goods and services between countries without tariffs, quotas, or other barriers.2. Import：进口Import refers to the purchase of goods and services from foreign countries for domestic consumption.3. Export：出口Export refers to the sale of goods and services to foreign countries.4. Trade Deficit：贸易逆差Trade deficit occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.5. Tariff：关税Tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods and services to protect domestic industries or generate government revenue.6. World Trade Organization (WTO)：世界贸易组织WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations, aiming to ensure smooth and predictable trade flows.以上是一些经济与财务方面的英语词汇，涵盖了宏观经济、财务管理、市场与投资以及国际贸易等领域。

关于中国经济的英文词汇翻译

关于中国经济的英文词汇翻译For four years in a row(连续四年)a year-on-year increase(比上年增加)reform and opening up policy(改革开放政策)social programs(社会事业)per capita(每人的，人均的)after adjusting for inflation(扣除价格因素)moderately prosperous society(小康社会)macroeconomic regulatory(宏观调控)new socialist countryside(社会主义新农村)pursuant to the law(依法)rural migrant workers in cities(农民工)surplus production capacity(生产力过剩)opened to traffic(通车)energy conservation(节能)state-owned enterprises(国有企业)civil servant(公务员)made breakthroughs(取得突破)compulsory education(义务教育)miscellaneous fees(杂费)boarding schools(寄宿制学校)distance education(远程教育)secondary vocational schools(中等职业学校) incorporated villages(行政村)unincorporated villages(自然村)After years of effort(经过多年努力)basic cost of living allowances(最低生活保障) autonomous regions(自治区)free our minds(解放思想)keep pace with the times(与时俱进)Chinese socialism(中国特色社会主义)social harmony(社会和谐)special administrative regions(特别行政区) prudent fiscal policy。

一些关于国家经济发展的专业术语

1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believ ed that…6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention.8. 不可否认It is undeniable that…9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion / debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons13. 双方的论点argument on both sides14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in…15. 对…必不可少be indispensable to …16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:17. 对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on…18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.19. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in20. 复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon21. 责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility / achievement22. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation23. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision24. 学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills25. 经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden26. 考虑到诸多因素take many factors into consideration27. 从另一个角度from another perspective28. 做出共同努力make joint efforts29. 对…有益be beneficial to / be conducive to…30. 为社会做贡献make contributions to the society31. 打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…32. 综合素质comprehensive quality33. 致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…34. 应当承认Admittedly,35. 不可推卸的义务unshakable duty36. 满足需求satisfy / meet the needs of...37. 可靠的信息源a reliable source of information38. 宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources39. 因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)40. 方便快捷convenient and efficient41. 在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life42. 环保的材料environmentally friendly materials43. 社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress44. 大大方便了人们的生活Sth has greatly facilitated people's lives.45. 对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue46. 在一定程度上to some extent47. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice48. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…49. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly keen social competition50. 眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest51. 长远利益long-tem interest52. …有其自身的优缺点… has its own merits and demerits / pros andcons53. 对…有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to54. 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas / emotions / information55. 跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…56. …的健康发展the healthy development of…57. 重视attach great importance to…58. 社会地位social status59. 把时间和精力放在…上focus one's time and energy on…60. 扩大知识面expand one's scope of knowledge61. 身心两方面both physically and mentally62. 有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…63. 导致很多问题give rise to / lead to / spell various problems64. 可以替代think的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that65. 缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress / burden66. 优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.67. 与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with68. 可降解的/可分解的材料degradable / decomposable material69. 代替replace / substitute / take the place of70. 提供就业机会offer job opportunities71. 反映了社会进步的mirror the social progress/advance72. 增进相互了解enhance / promote mutual understanding73. 充分利用make full use of / take advantage of74. 承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure75. 保障社会稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society76. 更多地强调put more emphasis o n…77. 适应社会发展adapt oneself to the social development78. 实现梦想realize one's dream79. 主要理由列举如下The main / leading reasons are listed as follows:80. 我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go。

中国经济类英语热词

中国经济类英语热词1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值2. CPI (Consumer Price Index) 消费者价格指数3. PPI (Producer Price Index) 生产者价格指数4. Urbanization 城镇化5. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 外商直接投资6. SOEs (State-Owned Enterprises) 国有企业7. SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) 中小企业8. Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议9. RMB (Renminbi) 人民币10. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织11. BOP (Balance of Payments) 收支平衡表12. Foreign Exchange Reserves 外汇储备13. Financial Reform 金融改革14. Stock Market 股票市场15. IPO (Initial Public Offering) 首次公开发行股票16. A-share Market A股市场17. B-share Market B股市场18. NPL (Non-Performing Loan) 不良贷款19. Shadow Banking 影子银行20. Debt-to-GDP Ratio 债务占GDP比例21. P2P Lending 网络借贷22. One Child Policy 一孩政策23. Employment Rate 就业率24. Poverty Alleviation 扶贫25. Green Energy 绿色能源26. Technological Innovation 技术创新27. Internet Plus 互联网+28. E-commerce 电子商务29. Mobile Payment 移动支付30. Sharing Economy 共享经济。

经济类英语专业词汇汇总

经济类英语专业词汇汇总1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值2. Inflation - 通货膨胀3. Deflation - 通货紧缩4. Unemployment rate - 失业率5. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - 居民消费价格指数6. Interest rate - 利率7. Exchange rate - 汇率8. Balance of trade - 贸易差额9. Stock market - 股市10. Bond market - 债券市场11. Fiscal policy - 财政政策12. Monetary policy - 货币政策13. Supply and demand - 供求关系14. Economic growth - 经济增长15. Recession - 经济衰退16. Depression - 经济萧条17. Entrepreneurship - 创业精神18. Capitalism - 资本主义19. Socialism - 社会主义20. Market economy - 市场经济21. Planned economy - 计划经济22. Globalization - 全球化23. Tariff - 关税24. Subsidy - 补贴25. Monopoly - 垄断26. Oligopoly - 寡头垄断27. Economic inequality - 经济不平等28. Economic development - 经济发展29. Foreign direct investment (FDI) - 外商直接投资30. Macroeconomics - 宏观经济学31. Microeconomics - 微观经济学32. Economic indicators - 经济指标34. Net exports - 净出口35. Gross profit - 毛利润36. Free trade - 自由贸易37. Market equilibrium - 市场均衡38. Demand curve - 需求曲线39. Supply curve - 供给曲线。

经济发展英语表达

经济发展英语表达经济发展是一个国家的重要指标之一，它涉及到人民生活水平的提高、国际竞争力的增强，以及国家综合实力的提升。

为了促进经济发展，政府和企业需要使用一些特定的英语表达。

以下是一些关于经济发展的英语表达：1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值GDP 是一个国家经济产出的总量，它包括消费、投资、政府支出和净出口四个方面。

GDP 是一个国家经济发展的重要指标之一。

Example: The country's GDP has increased by 5% over the last quarter.2. Inflation 通货膨胀Inflation 指的是物价上涨的程度，它会对人民生活产生负面影响，因此政府需要采取相应的措施来控制通货膨胀。

Example: The government has implemented measures to control inflation.3. Unemployment Rate 失业率失业率是指那些在就业年龄内但未能就业的人占劳动力人口的比例。

失业率反映了一个国家的就业状况，它也是经济发展的重要指标之一。

Example: The unemployment rate in the country has decreased by 2% over the last year.4. Trade Deficit 贸易逆差Trade deficit 指的是一个国家的进口超过了出口，导致该国需要从别的国家借钱来支付贸易逆差。

贸易逆差会对该国的经济产生负面影响，因为它会导致该国对外债务的增加。

Example: The country's trade deficit has increased by 10% over the last year.5. Economic Growth 经济增长经济增长指的是一个国家的经济总量在一定时期内的增长。

经济类英语词汇

经济类英语词汇分类：日积月累Eliminate poverty 消除贫困 eliminate poverty/ illiteracy Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Household contract system家庭承包制People’s republic of chinaCoexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision and operation of State assets建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and responsibilities, separating ownership from daily产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，管理科学management and adopting scientific management Regulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprises Laws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the government’s role in economic management经济管理职能Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economy Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组of State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release small enterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN （most-favored-nation) treatment争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governi ng the Settlement of Disputes)《北美自由贸易协定》 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Afric a)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of paymen t实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定） ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)（补贴协议）可诉补贴 actionable subsidy上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level(欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy规避 circumvention反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy粮食安全 food security免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施 grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度） HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)进口许可 import licensing进口渗透 import penetration最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights)最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries)当地含量 local content市场准入 market access专门的营销机构 market boards(服务贸易)自然人 national person国民待遇 national treatment(利益的)丧失和减损 nullification and impairment(争端解决)专家组 panel(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款 peace clause诸边协议 plurilateral agreement(服务贸易)自然人流动 presence of natural person生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption慢性萧条 chronic depression进口环节税 import linkage tax北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 全球配额 global quota祖父条款 grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facili tation)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger垂直兼并 vertical merger垃圾融资 junk financing申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)MMachine 机械，机器Machinery 机械，机器Macro 宏观，巨大的macro approach 宏观方法macro analysis 宏观分析macro forecast 宏观预测Macroeconomic 宏观经济的macroeconomic analysis 宏观经济分析macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策macroeconomic model 宏观经济模型macroecnomic phenomenon 宏观经济现象macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策Maintain 保持maintain a balance between receipts and payments 保持收支平衡maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Maintenance 维修，保养maintenance and repair 维护和修理maintenance cost 维修成本maintenance funds 维修基金maintenance of value 保值Major 重点的，主要的major industries 主要行业major project 重点工程major repair depreciation expenses 大修折旧费major repair fund 大修基金Majority 大多数majority required 规定多数majority shareholding 占有多数股权majority statutory 法定多数majority of votes 表决多数，投票过半数Make 制造，定价，使成为make a deal 成交make money 赚钱make profit 获利Man 人man day 人天man hour 人时man month 人月man year 人年Manage 管理，经营Managrd 管理的，经营的Management 管理central management 集中管理enterprise’s management 企业管理management accounting 管理会计management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理management decision 管理决策management function 管理职能management qualitymanagement information system 管理信息系统personnel management 人事管理Manager 经理，管理人员，经营者accounting manager 会计主管assistant general manager 助理，副总经理general manager 总经理Managerial 管理的managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序managerial economics 管理经济学managerial know-how 管理专门知识Manpower 劳动力manpower market 劳动力市场manpower resource 人力资源Manufacture 制造，制品Manufactured 已加工好的，已制成的manufactured inventory 产成品库存Manufacturing 生产的，制造的manufacturing cost 生产成本manufacturing expenses 制造费用manufacturing industry 制造业manufacturing right 生产权Margin 毛利，边际，定金margin account 保证金帐户margin of profit 边际利润margins desired 期望的毛利Marginal 边际的marginal revenue 边际收益marginal utility 边际效用Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Mass production 大规模生产Matching 配比Material 原材料material account 材料帐户material cost 材料成本material stock 材料库存Matrix 矩阵matrix analysis 矩阵分析matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix organization 矩阵组织结构Mature 到期的，成熟的mature market economy 成熟的市场经济Matured 到期的，成熟的matured bill 到期票据matured bonds 到期债券matured liability unpaid 到期未付债务Maturity 到期maturity structure of debt 债务到期期限结构maturity value 到期值Mean 平均数，方法，手段mean price 平均价mean-square value 均方值Measure 测量，计量，措施administrative measure 行政措施economy measure 经济手段Mediation 调解Mediator 中间人，调解人，经济人Medium 中等的，媒介medium term funds 中期债券medium term capital 中期资本medium term debt 中期债务medium term loan 中期贷款medium-sized enterprise 中型企业Memo 备忘录，便笺Memorandum 备忘录，记要Merchandise 商品，货物merchandise export 商品出口merchandise inventory 商品库存Merger 兼并，合并merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Message 信息massage exchange 信息交换Method 方法method of calculating depreciation 折旧计算法method of comparative analysis 对比分析法method of first-in, first-out 先进先出法method of last-in, first-out 后进先出法method of least square 最小平方法method of weighting 加权方法Microeconomic 微观经济的microeconomic analysis 微观经济分析microeconomic model 微观经济模型microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Mill 工厂Mine 矿山，矿Mining 采矿Ministry 政府的部Minority 少数minority equity 少数股东权益minority share 少数股份Moderately 适度的moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Modern 现代的modern economic management 现代经济管理modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Modernization 现代化Monetary 货币，金融monetary capital 金融资本monetary crisis 金融危机monetary institution 金融机构monetary market 金融市场monetary policy tools 货币政策工具monetary reform 币制改革monetary system 货币制度Money 货币money supply 货币供应Monopolistic competition 垄断性竟争Monopoly 垄断，专利monopoly capital 垄断资本monopoly capitalism 垄断资本主义monopoly enterprise 垄断企业monopoly position 垄断地位monopoly price 垄断价格monopoly right 专利权，专卖权natural monopoly 自然垄断international monopoly 国际垄断pure monopoly 纯垄断Monthly 月monthly plan 月计划monthly pay 月工资monthly report 月报monthly salary 月薪monthly statement 月结Moody’s Industrial M anualMortgage 抵押mortgage bank 抵押银行mortgage bond 抵押债券mortgage credit 抵押信贷mortgage debt 抵押负债mortgage debtor 抵押债务人mortgage interest 抵押利息mortgage liability 抵押负债mortgage loan 抵押贷款Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇Mrrrill Lynch 美林公司（美国）Multicurrency loan 多种货币贷款Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Multilateral 多边的multilateral aid 多边援助multilateral agreement 多边协议multilateral loans 多边贷款multilateral tariff negotiation 多边关税谈判multilateral trade 多边贸易Multinational 跨国的，多国的multinational corporation 跨国公司multinational market group 跨国市场集团Multiple 多样的，多种的multiple budget 复式预算multiple of book value per share 每股帐面资产比multiple of cash flow per share 每股现金流比multiple of sales per share 每股销售比(asset value per share) 每股资产值multiple operation 多种经营multiple regression analysis 多重回归分析multiple tariff 多重关税Municipal 市的municipal bonds 市政债券municipal budget 市政预算municipal enterprises 市属企业municipal government 市政府municipal loan 市政公债municipal monopoly 地方垄断municipal tax 市政税，地方税Mutual 相互的mutual advantage 互利，互惠mutual fund 共同基金，互助基金mutual investment company 共同投资公司mutual obligation 相互债务责任mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行mutual stock holding 相互控股NNational 国家的，国民的national accounting firm 全国性会计公司national assets 国家资产national balance sheet 国家资产负债表national bank 国家银行national bond 国家债券national brand 国家名牌national capital 国家资本national debt management 国债管理national economic budget 国民经济预算national economic plan 国民经济计划national finance 国家财政national income 国民收入national insurance 国家保险national monopoly 国家垄断national policy 国家政策national treatment 国民待遇Nationalization 国有化nationalization of enterprise 企业国有化nationalization of communication 通信国有化nationalization of railroad 铁路国有化Nationalize 收归国有Nationalized 国有化的nationalized bank 国有银行nationalized monopoly 国有化垄断Natural 自然的，天然的natural calamities 自然灾害natural capital 自然资本natural economy 自然经济natural resources 自然资源Negative 负的，相反的negative assets 负资产negative capital 负资本negative credit 负信用negative factor 负因素negative growth rate 负增长率negative vote 反对票Negotiate 商谈，谈判negotiated 商谈的Negotiating 买卖谈判negotiating terms 买卖谈判小组Negotiation 谈判Net 净的net amount of operating loss 营业损失净额net assets 净资产net assets value per share 每股资产净值net balance 净差额net book value of fixed assets 固定资产帐面净值net capital gain 资本净收益net capital to debt ratio 净资产与债务比率net cash flow 净现金流量net current assets 净流动资产net earning 净收益net income after tax 税后净收入net income before tax 税前净收入net income from operation 营业净收入net liability 净负债net loss 净损失net margin 净利net national debt 国债净额Net Natinal Product(NNP) 国民生产净值net present value 净现值net profit after tax 税后净利润net profit or loss 净损益Network 网络information network 信息网络Ninth Five-Year Plan 九五计划Nominal 名义上的nominal assets 名义资产nominal capital 名义资本Non 非..., 不...non-accepted bill 不认付票据non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构non-business property 非营业资产non-cash assets 非现金资产non-cash settlement 非现金结算non-financial business 非金融企业non-governmental entity 非政府机构non-ledger assets 帐外资产non-linear relation 非线性关系non-market factor 非市场因素non-nationalization 非国有化non-operating profit 非营业利润non-profit firm 非营利公司non-registered bond 不记名债券non-registered stock 不记名股票non-state economic sectors 非国有经济部门Noncurrent 非流动的noncurrent asset(NCA) 非流动资产noncurrent liability(NCL) 非流动负债Normal 正常的normal distribution curve 正态分布曲线normal year 正常年度Normed 定额的normed current fund 定额流动资金normed deposit account 限额存款帐户Note 票据，纸币note issuance 货币发行note receivable 应收票据Notice 布告，通知bankruptcy notice 破产公告notice of claim 索赔通知notice of invitation for bids 招标公告OObject 目标，对象，物体object cost 目标成本Objective 目标的，客观的objective factor 客观因素objective laws 客观规律objective value 客观价值Objectivity rule 客观原则Obligation 责任，义务obligation of contract 契约义务Obsolete 过时的，陈旧的，不使用的obsolete equipment 陈旧设备Occupation 占有，职业Occupied 占有的，有职业的occupied rate of current capital 流动资金占有率Occupy 占有Offer 提供，报价，发盘blind offer 盲目要价offer price 要价Office 办公室，办事处，事务所Official 官方的，正式的，官员official approval 官方批准official capital 官方资本official exchange rate 官方汇率，法定汇率official holiday 法定假日official list 官方牌价official seal 官方印章officials at various government levels 各级政府官员On job training 在职训练Open 打开，开放open an account 开设帐户open bid 公开招标open coastal cities 沿海开放城市open competition 公开竟争open door policy 开放政策open domestic market 开放国内市场open economy 开放的经济open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Operating 营业，经营operating capital 经营资本，流动资本operating cost 经营成本operating deficit 营业亏损operating income 营业收入operating license 营业执照operating performance 经营效绩operating profit 营业利润operating strategy 经营战略Operation 经营，营业，操作operation and management 经营和管理operation of capital 资金的运用Operational 经营的operational losses 经营性亏损operational mechanism 经营机制operational research 运筹学Opinion 意见，看法opinion polls 民意测验Opportunity 机会Optimize 优化optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimum 最佳的optimum portfolio 最佳投资组合Option 期权，选择权Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model Black-Scholes 期权定价模型call option 买方期权put options 卖方期权( in the money ) 沽盈价( out of the money ) 沽亏价Order 定货，定单，秩序new international economic order 国际经济新秩序Ordinary 普通的，平常的ordinary share 普通股Organization 机构，组织Organizational 组织的，编制中的organizational chats 组织结构图organizational goals 组织目标organizational structures 组织结构Organized 有组织的Organizer 组织者Organizing 组织organizing ability 组织能力Original 初始的，原本的，正本original capital 原始资本original cost 原始成本original evidences 原始凭证original investment 原始投资original invoice 原帐单，原发票Other 其它的other assets 其它资产other income 其它收入other liability 其它负债Out 在...之外out of balance 不平衡out of control 失去控制out of order 失灵，失效out of service 报废out of work 失业Out-dated 落后的，过时out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Output 输出，产出output method of depreciation 产量折旧法Outside 外面outside capital 外部资本outside dealing 场外交易Outstanding 未兑现的，未偿清的，未完成的，杰出的outstanding account 未清帐目outstanding debt 未清债务outstanding loan 未偿还贷款outstanding obligation 未偿还债务Over 超过，在...之上over capitalization 资本过剩over production 生产过剩Over-the-counter (OTC) 场外交易，柜台交易over-the-counter dealings 场外交易over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Overall 全面的，总的，综合的overall average 总平均overall balance 总余额overall economic situation 总的经济形势overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Overbid 过高出价Overcharge 要价过高Overdraft 透支overdraft interest 透支利息overdraft on bank 向银行透支Overdue 过期的overdue bill 过期票据Overhead 间接费用overhead account 间接费用帐户overhead cost 间接成本overhead expenses 间接费用，经常费用Overheated economy 过热的经济Overseas 海外的overseas branch 海外分支机构overseas assets 海外资产overseas company 海外公司overseas investment 海外投资overseas market 海外市场Overtime 加班时间，额外时间overtime and night differential 加班费和夜班补助Owe 欠（债）taxes owed 应交所得税wages owed to employees 应付职工工资Own 自有，拥有Owner 所有人，物主owner equity 业主权益owner of patent 专利所有人owner’s capital 自有资本Ownership 所有制，所有权collective ownership 集体所有制ownership by the entire people 全民所有制ownership certificate 所有权证书ownership of trade mark 商标所有权ownership system 所有制PPackage 一揽子，包，包装package agreement 一揽子按排，一揽子方案package deal 一揽子交易package mortgage 一揽子抵押贷款package program 一揽子计划Packaged 体揽子的，包装好的package investment 一揽子投资packaged transfer 成套转让Paid 付清的paid cash book 现金支出帐paid check 已付支票paid debt 已还清的债务paid off 付清Paid-in 已缴的，已收到的paid-in capital 实收资本paid-in surplus 缴入公积Paid-up 已缴纳的，已付清的paid-up capital 已缴清的资本paid-up loan 已还清的贷款Paper 纸，纸币，票据，论文paper gold 特别提款权，纸黄金paper money 纸币，票据paper profit 帐面利润paper title 所有权证书Par 与票面价值相等的par issue 平价发行par rate of exchange 平价汇率par value 票面价值，平价Parallel departmentation 平行式的部门划分Parameter 参数Parent 母体，父母parent company 母公司，总公司parent firm 母公司，总公司parent-subsidiary 母公司---子公司Parity 等价，平价，比价parity price 平价parity rate of commodity 商品比价Participating preferred stock 参加分红的优先股Participative management 参与管理Partner 合伙人partner’s equity 合伙人权益Partnership 合伙关系，合伙制general partnership 一般合伙limited partnership 有限责任合伙partnership agreement 合伙契约，合伙协议partnership assets 合伙资产partnership capital 合伙资本partnership enterprise 合伙企业partnership property 合伙财产Patent 专利，专利权patent agent 专利代理人patent application 专利申请patent fee 专利费patent licensing 专利许可patent rights 专利权Patentee 专利权所有人Pay 付钱，付款，偿还，工资pay back period 还本期pay bill 工资单pay check 付工资的支票pay cut 工资削减pay duty 纳税pay freeze 工资冻结pay in 缴款pay in cash 现金支付pay off 清偿pay out 支出pay up 付清Payable 应付的payable account 应付帐目，应付帐款Payback period of investment 投资回收期Payment 付款，支付payment abroad 境外付款payment after delivery 货到付款payment in advance 预付payment in cash 现金支付payment in stock 用股票支付Payroll 工资单P/E ratio 市盈率Penalty 罚款administrative penalty 行政罚款Penny stock 低价股票Pension 退休金，养老金pension fund 养老基金，退休基金Per capita 人均per capita annual income in cities and towns 城镇人均年收入per capita annual net income in rural areas 农村人均年收入per capita assets 人均资产per capita gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值per capita growth 人均增长per capita income of rural residents 农村人均收入per capita income of urban residents 城镇人均收入Per share 每股asset value per share 每股资产值multiple of book value per share 每股帐面资产比multiple of cash flow per share 每股现金流比multiple of sales per share 每股销售比Percentage 百分比percentage depletion method 百分比折耗法percentage of utilization of fixed asset 固定资产利用率Perfect 完全，完美perfect competition market 完全竟争市场perfect monoply 完全垄断Perform 履行perform a contract 履行会同Performance 执行，履行，完成，性能，业绩performance appraisal 效绩评价performance audit 业绩审计performance evaluation 业绩评价performance rating 业绩评级performance report 业绩报告performance record 业绩记录Period 周期period cost 期间成本period of depreciation 折旧期数period of production 生产周期Periodical 周期的，定期的periodical deposit 定期存款periodical inspection 定期检查Permanent 永久的permanent assts 永久性资产permanent income 长期收入Personal 个人的personal account 个人帐户personal capital 个人资本personal holding company 私有股份公司personal income tax 个人所得税personal investment 各人投资personal liability 个人责任personal property 个人财产Personnel 人员，全体雇员personnel administration 人事管理personnel department 人事部门personnel management 人事管理personnel system 人事制度Petty cash 零用现金petty cash account 零用现金帐户petty cash fund 零用备用金Phase 阶段Physical 物理的，实际的physical assets appraisal 实物资产评估physical capital 有形资本physical depreciation 实物折旧，有形损耗physical holding of stock 实际库存physical inventory 实物盘存Piece 件，片，块piece work system 计件工资制piece worker 计件工人Pilot 领航员，带路人，新产品试制pilot project 试点项目pilot program 试点计划Planned 按计划的planned budget 计划预算planned economy 计划经济。

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