美国文学赏析
美国文学教程：欣赏与评析
美国文学教程：欣赏与评析
美国文学是美国文化的重要组成部分，它深刻地反映了美国的历史、社会、文化和政治。
美国文学教程可以帮助学生了解美国文学的不同历史时期，欣赏和评析美国文学作品，以及学习美国文学的主要流派和文体。
首先，美国文学教程应该介绍美国文学的历史渊源，从美国的早期历史到现代文学，介绍美国文学的发展历程，以及美国文学的特点。
学生可以学习到美国文学的不同流派，如自然主义、现实主义、浪漫主义等，以及它们的特点。
其次，美国文学教程应该介绍美国文学的主要作品，包括小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧等，以及美国文学的著名作家，如爱德华·詹姆斯、梭罗、海明威等。
学生可以学习到美国文学作品
的欣赏和评析方法，以及美国文学作品的主要主题和内容。
最后，美国文学教程应该教授学生如何运用文学手法，如讽刺、比喻、拟人等，以及如何分析文学作品的结构、情节、人物和主题。
学生可以学习到如何通过文学作品来反映社会现实，以及如何用文学的方式抒发自己的情感。
美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析
3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)The Wild Honey SucklePhilip FreneauFair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature's self in whitearrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,Thy days declining to repose,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;They died - nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's powerShall leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost4. Success is counted sweetestSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who ne’er succeed.To comprehend a nectarRequires sorest need.Not one of all the purple HostWho took the Flag to-dayCan tell the definition,So clear, of victory,As he, defeated, dying,On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!Interpretation:1. Only those who desire success most can tell howsweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste thesweetness of victory in all their life, they are thosewho know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience andher temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as apiece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.5. The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyThe Soul selects her own Society---Then---shuts the door---To her divine Majority---Present no more---Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---At her low Gate---Unmoved---an Emperor be kneelingUpon her Mat---I’ve known her---from an ample nation---Choose One---Then---close the Valves or her attention---Like Stone---1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. Thisshowed her resolution and determination.2) Unmoved by any other temptation3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and willnever be tempted by other things.Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。
美国当代文学作品特色探析
美国当代文学作品特色探析摘要：美国当代文学作品不胜枚举，《了不起的盖茨比》是其中的一部优秀小说，作者菲茨杰拉德也因为这部作品获得了世界性的声誉。
小说的背景设定是美国一次世界大战后的社会生活，描写了主人公盖茨比人生追求的过程，最终个人的悲剧象征着美国梦的破灭，以及美国迷惘一代困境。
本文将从小说中人物角色的精准刻画，小说中的象征意义，以及文章中的人物思想变化等艺术特色进行分析，解释说明迷惘一代美国梦的必然破灭。
以此作品来分析美国当代文学作品的特色关键词：美国文学盖茨比作品特色美国梦美国的20世纪20年代史称“喧嚣年代”，是一个短暂而特殊的时期。
这个时代的特殊性由以下几个方面的原因。
首先，美国资本主义的迅速发展，使其从农业文明转变为工业化的现代社会。
同时，在一战后的美国，不但没有受到惨烈战争的重创反而大发战争财，由债务国成为了战后债权国。
经济自由运作且效率提高。
国内经济形势一片明朗，不少科技产品带给美国人方便与舒适。
财富成为衡量一个人成功与否的标准，人们追求金钱的动力有增无减，此外，享乐主义的盛行，对传统勤俭节约造成不少冲击。
《了不起的的盖茨比》就在此背景下产生文中以盖茨比的起伏为线索，他对财富的渴望和对黛茜爱情的追求，是其生存的无限动力，然而残酷的现实，注定会以失败而告终，盖茨比的死亡标志着美国梦的破灭。
作品的深刻性让读者印象难忘。
下面将从作品的人物角色、象征意义、思想内容三个方面对其进行阐述分析，来加深对美国当代文学作品特色的理解一、人物角色分析作为主人公的盖茨比，他真诚、善良，对爱情充满幻想，他真诚又浪漫。
为了魂牵梦绕的恋人，他努力营造着享乐与喧闹的氛围，虽然他不感兴趣。
他的笑容给人温暖与放心，让人无法抗拒，有人评价盖茨比英俊潇洒，是个地道的绅士，盖茨比的出身历史在作品中一直被当作悬念，不断被被揭露与否定，自称他是富家子弟的后代，后被发现是个谎言，而且是个弥天大谎。
盖茨比的致富是以不正当手段获得的，但他致富的目的是单纯又浪漫，都是为了能够与梦中的女神相匹配，希望能给她带来快乐。
美国文学 马克吐温及其作品赏析 Mark Twain
movement. The truthful depiction of the common people added strength to the Realism which Howells championed with James and Mark Twain.
2. The local spirit continues to inspire and fertilize the
求自由，反对腐朽的黑奴制度的主题。美国著名作家海明威说，“一切
现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险 记》„„这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它
之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”
Major Themes
slavery and racism. in the novel, by exposing the hypocrisy of
1889
B. 1870s-90s: later works become darker and more obscure,
showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social
reality.
The Gilded Age 1873 Life on Mississippi 1883 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1886
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Local Colorism (Regionalism)
As a literary trend, local colorism first appeared in the late
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到一簇幽生的金银花，于是便有感而发，将这首短诗一气呵成。
美国文学鉴赏
对《汤姆•索亚历险记》的赏析内容摘要：《汤姆·索亚历险记》是著名作家马克吐温于1876年完成的一部文学杰作。
马克吐温使用他幽默的写作风格向我们展示一个生动形象关于汤姆索亚和他的朋友们的故事。
在小说中,马克·吐温写一些关于资产阶级的粗俗主义、保守主义和贪婪、禁忌对中产阶级子女的教育,和宗教。
他还描述了汤姆和他的朋友们在追求冒险、浪漫和幸福的生活来表达美丽的希望和梦想的生活。
在当今众多有关描写少年儿童历险的作品中，著名美国小说家马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》可谓其中的佼佼者。
虽然汤姆·索亚长期以来被认为是美国小说中的男性少年英雄，但是并非这本书仅仅适合较小年龄的男生看，而是适合不同年龄、不同性别的人去品味，尤其是青少年读者。
那么，这本书有着什么样的特殊魅力呢？它又为何如此符合儿童心理并为年青读者所青睐？本论文主要探究《汤姆·索亚历险记》成为儿童文学作品中的巨作并世代流传下去的原因。
关键词:马克吐温、汤姆索亚、童年、天真与幼稚、好奇心、英雄主义一、对作者马克•吐温的简介马克•吐温(l835～1910),美国作家。
本名塞谬尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯。
马克•吐温是其笔名。
出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭,从小出外拜师学徒。
他是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,世界著名的短篇小说大师。
作品以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热,及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。
二、《汤姆·索亚历险记》的主要内容小说主人公汤姆·索亚天真活泼，富于幻想和冒险，不堪忍受束缚个性，枯燥乏味的生活，幻想干一番英雄事业。
汤姆幼年丧母，由姨妈收养。
聪明顽皮的汤姆受不了姨妈和学校老师的管束，常常逃学闯祸。
一天深夜，他与好朋友哈克贝利·芬到墓地玩耍，无意中目睹了一起凶杀案的发生。
因为害怕凶手发现他们知道这件事，汤姆与小伙伴一起逃到一座荒岛上做起了“海盗”，弄得家里以为他们被淹死了，结果他们却出现在了自己的“葬礼”上。
英美文学作品赏析
英美文学作品赏析英美文学作品是世界文学中的重要组成部分，有着独特的文化内涵和艺术风格。
以下是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析：1.《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一，是一部浪漫爱情小说。
小说主要讲述了年轻、美貌、聪明的伊丽莎白·班纳特和富家公子达西之间的故事。
这部小说将绅士风度、家族荣誉、社交礼仪等方面的观念描绘得十分逼真和深刻。
2.《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的代表作之一，也是20世纪美国文学的经典之作。
小说主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德在校园里的种种遭遇中，受到了现实的打击，他失去了对未来的信心，最终选择了离开学校。
小说以青年的视角，生动地反映了当时美国社会的精神恐慌和对青年的关注和热爱。
3.《唐吉诃德》《唐吉诃德》是西班牙作家米格尔·德·塞万提斯的代表作之一，也是世界文学史上最重要的小说之一。
这部小说以一个骑士形象展开了一系列荒诞而幽默的冒险故事，描绘了骑士精神中的理想、信仰、勇气和忠诚等方面的特点。
作者用轻松幽默的笔调，将普通人的奋斗和追求娓娓道来，让读者在欢笑之余，也深深地感受到了生命的意义。
4.《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作之一，是一部魔幻现实主义小说。
小说主要讲述了布恩迪亚家族七代人的故事，涵盖了哥伦比亚社会、政治、经济等多个方面的历史变迁和发展。
这部小说以其独特的文学风格和奇幻的叙事手法，成功地塑造了一幅梦幻般的哥伦比亚社会图景，它深刻地揭示了人类内心世界的各种冲突和矛盾。
以上是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析，每一部作品都有其独特的价值和意义，值得我们去阅读和了解。
美国文学的特点（范文5篇）
美国文学的特点（范文5篇）以下是网友分享的关于美国文学的特点的资料5篇，希望对您有所帮助，就爱阅读感谢您的支持。
美国文学的特点（1）20世纪的美国文学，堪称美国文学史上的“黄金时期”，同时也可以说是又一次“文艺复兴”。
这一时期，现实主义、自然主义和现代主义形成了多元并存的局面，促进了现代美国文学的空前繁荣。
==小说==这一时期的小说创作主旨虽然是现实主义，但不同的作家在创作实践中却呈现出各自的特色。
这一时期的小说创作有几种倾向：1、两种现实主义小说。
在这方面的主要代表是亨利詹姆斯，他的创作继承了19世纪的高雅“现实主义”传统，擅长描写美国东部有闲阶级男女的心理。
他作品描写的民主思想浓厚、独立性强、天真无邪、不拘虚礼但又有些我行我素的美国上层妇女形象，始终被看成是美国文化产物的典型。
与这种创作倾向截然相反的是乡土小说和反映农民心声的作品。
这方面比较有影响的作家哈姆林加兰。
2、乡土作家和幽默小说。
这方面的代表性作家是欧亨利。
他的短篇小说篇幅不长，以情节取胜，一般以写小市民生活为主，充满了蕴含同情的幽默和恢谐之特色。
尤其是那些出人意料的结尾和“情理之中、意料之外”的谋篇布局手法更每每令读者拍案叫绝。
3、“黑幕揭发者”与厄普顿辛克莱。
从19世纪90年代开始，一批以揭露资本家穷奢极欲和政府丑闻为主要内容的暴露文学曾一度发展到高峰。
其中以厄普顿辛克莱的《屠场》最有影响。
4、自然主义和现实主义的交织。
这一时期美国文学的一个重要成就在于出现了一批既具有现实主义倾向同时又受到欧洲自然主义哲学和文学思潮影响的作家。
他们所描写的往往是一些没有文化、出身贫寒的下层人民和社会渣滓。
第一部显示出决定论哲学倾向的作品是斯蒂芬克莱斯的中篇小说《街头妇女郎梅季》。
杰克伦敦参加过美国的社会主义运动，曾有“美国无产阶级文学之父”之称。
实际上，他同时受到马克思主义、尼采的超人哲学和斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的影响，这些均反映在他的主要长短篇小说中。
英美文学赏析--美国文学部分
英美文学赏析--美国文学部分美国文学史复习Colonial and Puritan literature（early American literature）American RomanticismLiterary NaturalismImagism modernismPostwar literature一Colonial and Puritan literature清教徒的思想：puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位，puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步American puritanism（美国清教徒特点）:idealistsMore practical tougherHard work thrift piety sobrietyOne being religions and the other practicalBasis of American literature; contributing to the development of symbolism; influence the style of American literature: simple direct英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet（女）二Early American literature代表作家：Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传十三个美德：Temperance Silence Order Resolution Frugality Industry Sincerity Justice Moderation Cleanliness Tranquility Chastity Humility三American RomanticismThe end of the 18th century (the sketches book 华盛顿欧文) The outbreak of civil war (leaves of grass 惠特曼)Romanticism的特点：pluralistic多元化manifestations varied 表现形式多样Individualistic个人主义conflicting 矛盾frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。
美国红字文学作品赏析
学习美国文学学会鉴赏作品选修课论文美国文学作品赏析——《红字》主要人物及中心简单赏析摘要：作为19世纪前半期美国最伟大的浪漫主义小说家，纳撒尼尔•霍桑。
而其代表作《红字》更已成为世界文学经典，引人深思，向人们展示了一场北美殖民地时期的恋爱悲剧，主人公海兰丝白兰、牧师丁梅斯代尔以及他们的女儿珠儿、医生奇灵渥斯，在他们之间展开的故事体现了当时法典的残酷、宗教的欺骗和充满罪恶的社会。
关键字：原罪；救赎；罪恶；宗教；人性对于作者霍桑本人，他被评为一个生活的旁观者，而这一人生态度，决定了他对人的内心、心理活动的兴趣和洞察力。
他深受“原罪”思想的影响，而且“原罪”代代相传，因而倡导人们以善行来洗刷罪恶，净化心灵。
他自由性格孤高自许，顾虑多疑，童年的不幸和生活氛围使他内心有一种“痛苦的孤独感”，幼年丧父的他寄养在他笃信基督教的清教的外公家，宗教的狂热和宗教的教条所带来的人性的摧残、对人尊严的践踏，都对霍桑产生了深远影响。
他对社会改革毫无兴趣，对资本主义经济迅速发展也无法理解。
因此他的绝大部分作品是以殖民地时期残酷的宗教统治为背景，描写了人们的精神世界、思想意识矛盾和宗教主义压迫下的悲惨遭遇。
他自始至终都没有放弃改造社会、改造人心的企图。
他的大部分小说都有着比较明显的一个倾向，即对人类灵魂深处执着的探索和由此而产生的深沉的忧思。
他更关心的是造成罪恶现实的根本原因①。
霍桑的代表作《红字》的开篇一章《狱门》，映入眼帘的一句话：“新殖民地的开拓者们，不管他们的头脑中起初有什么关于人类品德和幸福的美妙理解，总要在各种实际需要的草创之中，忘不了划出一片未开垦的处女地充当墓地，再划出另一片土地来修建监狱。
”这表明了霍桑的基本态度：人人皆有罪，罪恶与人类如影相随。
从小说中塑造的人物形象来看，也证实了这一点：无论是海丝特·白兰这样的殉道者，还是像罗杰·齐灵渥斯那样畸形毒辣的人；无论是身处要职的州长、受人尊敬的牧师丁梅斯代尔，还是刑台前的普通看客，几乎每个人都是有罪的。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析[修改版]
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第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”. In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully. The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship. When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more. But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that his song was always in the heart of his friend. This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody! Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。
美国文学史期末考试-诗歌赏析
Philip FreneauThe Wild Honeysuckle野忍冬花美好的花呀，你长得，这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎,没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
大自然把你打扮得一身洁白，她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光,她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运-——虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力,会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有，就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样;这来去之间不过是一个钟点-—-这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
（黄皋炘译）CommentaryThe short lyric was written in 1786。
Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston，South Carolina. It was virtually unread in the poet's lifetime, yet it deserves a place among major English and American works of poetry of that time。
This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau。
Generally speaking, it is the best of Freneau’s poems, and the best poem on nature before the appearance of the verses of William Cullen Bryant, William Wordsworth，and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The Rhodora。
美国诗歌赏析
美国诗歌赏析美国诗歌是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝，它不仅反映了美国社会的变迁，也展现了美国人民的精神风貌。
从早期的殖民地时期到现代，美国诗歌经历了从模仿到创新的转变，形成了独特的风格和主题。
在赏析美国诗歌时，我们可以从以下几个方面来深入理解其魅力。
首先，美国诗歌的主题多样，从自然景观到社会问题，从个人情感到国家命运，无不涉及。
例如，19世纪的诗人沃尔特·惠特曼在其代表作《草叶集》中，用自由诗的形式表达了对民主、自由和个人主义的热爱。
他的诗歌充满了对美国广阔土地和人民的赞美，同时也反映了对战争、死亡和生命的深刻思考。
其次，美国诗歌的语言风格独特，它摒弃了传统诗歌的严格韵律和格律，追求自然、直接和口语化的表达。
这种风格在20世纪的现代主义诗歌中尤为明显。
例如，罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌以其简洁、质朴的语言和深刻的寓意著称。
他的《未选择的路》通过描绘两条分叉的道路，隐喻了人生选择的重要性和不可预知性。
再者，美国诗歌的形式创新也是其魅力所在。
许多诗人尝试打破传统的诗歌结构，创造出新的诗歌形式。
例如，艾兹拉·庞德的意象派诗歌强调通过精确、生动的意象来传达情感和思想，他的《地铁车站》就是通过几个简单的意象，捕捉了现代都市生活的瞬间感受。
此外，美国诗歌还具有强烈的社会批判性。
许多诗人通过诗歌来反映社会不公和个人抗争。
例如，艾伦·金斯伯格的《嚎叫》是对20世纪50年代美国社会压抑和物质主义的强烈抗议，它以激昂的语言和强烈的情感，表达了对自由和解放的渴望。
最后，美国诗歌的多样性和包容性也是其吸引人的地方。
美国是一个移民国家，不同文化背景的诗人带来了各自的文化特色和诗歌传统，使得美国诗歌呈现出丰富多彩的面貌。
例如，非裔美国诗人兰斯顿·休斯的作品就深受非洲和黑人文化的影响，他的诗歌充满了对种族平等和社会正义的追求。
总之，美国诗歌以其独特的主题、风格、形式和社会批判性，成为了世界文学中不可或缺的一部分。
英美文学鉴赏--美国文学部分
英美文学鉴赏--美国文学部分1. Transcendentalism is a group of ideas in literature and philosophy that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church. They believe in an ideal spirituality that "transcends" the physical and empirical and is realized only through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions.The major figures in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau Margaret Fuller.2. Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art of architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century, particularly in the years following World War I. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historic tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.3. Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery, and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and artifice typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. This was in contrast to their contemporaries, the Georgian poets, who were by and large content to work within that tradition.The most outstanding figures of the movement were EzraPound, Amy Lowell and Hilda Doolittle.4. Puritanism refers to the movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of the 16th century that sought to purify, or reform, that church and establish a middle course between Roman Catholicism and the ideas of the Protestant reformers. It remained the dominant religious force in New England throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The term Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to attitudes and values considered characteristic of the Puritans.Its representative figures are Anna Bradstreet Franklin, Thomas Paine.5. Naturalism refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectively in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th century scientific thought. Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eye of the individual.Notable writers were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson and Theodore Dreiser.6. Local colorism is a fiction and poetry that focuses on the characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features particular to a specific region. It put emphasis on physical setting and those distinctive qualities of landscape which condition human thought and behavior. It started from1860s to the end of 19th century.Bret Hart e’s The Luck of Roaring Camp marked a significant development in the brief history of local color fiction. Another important figure was Mark Twain.7. The Lost Generation refers to a group of the disillusionedintellectuals and artists,who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. They rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot.8.The Jazz Age describes the period from 1918-1929,the years between the end of World WarI and the start of the Roaring Twenties; ending with the rise of the Great Depression, the traditional values of this age saw great decline while the American stock market soared. The age takes its name from F. Scott Fitzgerald and jazz music, which saw a tremendous surge in popularity among many segments of society.The dominant figure of this period was F. Scott Fitzgerald.9. The American Dream is the concept widely held in the United States of America, that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve prosperity (often associated with the protestant work ethic). Today, in America it generally refers to the idea that one's prosperity depends upon one's own abilities and hard work, not on a rigid class structure, though the meaning of the phrase has changed over America's history. The course of Clinton was the classic example of ―The American Dream‖.10. Psychological realism is a kind of ideological trend of literature which appears in the traditional literature in the course from realism to modernism. It recognizes that what is real to the individual is that which he or she perceives. It is the ground for the use of the centered consciousness, or the first-person narrator, since both of these present reality only as somethingperceived by the focal character.Henry James was the founder whose works are The American, The Portrait of a Lady.诗歌欣赏I．The Wild Honey Suckle (开头：Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, hid in this silent, dull retreat……)1. Writer :Philip Freneau2. Theme: 1.In this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature.2.In the author's opinion, the origin land in America was filled with beauty and myth.3. Technique of this poem :The central image is a native wild flower, which makes a drastic difference from elite flower images typical of tradition English poems.Exaggeration personification Alliteration ,assonance, masculine rhyme used in the poem also produce musical or melodious and harmonious, which matches the beauty of the flower. The poem contains iambics trochaics and spondee.II. Annabel Lee （开头：It was many and many years ago, ina kingdom by the sea……Annabel Lee）1. Writer: Allen Poe2. Theme : Eternal love. The love between the narrator and Annabel Lee is so strong and beautiful and pure that even the seraphs, the highest order of angels in heaven, envy it. The love remains alive–eternal–because the souls of the lovers remain united .3.Techiques of the poem:1)Melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.2)Use of Alliteration to create pleasing sound patterns.3)Imagery and figurative language: Imagery–Darkness and Light Implied and explicit images of darkness and light occur throughout the poem.Poe implies t hat the kingdom by the sea is a bright, cheerful place where the sun shines on two young lov ers, the narrator and Annabel Lee.III. Because I could not stop for death(开头: Because I could not stop for death, he kindly stopped for me…..结尾…were toward eternity)1. Writer Emily Dickinson2 Theme：Religion & Faith Life & Death Beauty & Truth Love & Marriage Nature Friendship Time & Eternity3.Techniques of the poem: Alliteration Anaphora 首语重复, Personification ,Metaphor ,Paradox Imagery and Figurative languageIV. In a Station of the Metro(全诗：The apparition of these faces in the crowded; petals on a wet, black bough)1. Writer: Ezra Pound2.Theme: Although the society is depressed and helpless, there is still hope in everybody’s heart .The lovely face meant a promising future .The poem is just like a mirror which reflects the hopeful song in the soul of human beings3. Techniques of the poem: Metaphor: the petals obviously indicate the lovely faces Contrast: the first line and the second line are using the contrast.V. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening（开头whose woods these are I think I know, his house is in the village though…结尾and miles to go before I sleep）1. Writer: Robert Frost2. Theme: this poem stresses a central conflict between man's enjoyment of natural beauty and his responsibility in society. Thisshows a man's despairing courage to seek out the meaning of life.3.Writing Skills(1) Rhythm and Rhyme (2) Rhetorical Device:Alliteration (头韵sound & sleep; dark & deep 头韵) Personification (拟人―he‖—horse ―My little horse must think it queer.‖ Repetition(重复―and miles to go bef ore I sleep,)and miles to go before I sleep. ‖Images/Symbolism (意象象征)VI．Anecdote of the Jar (开头I placed a jar in Tennessee, and around it was, upon a hill…结尾like nothing else in Tennessee)1. Writer: Wallace Stevens2. Theme: It is only about a jar literally, but figuratively reflect more about the relationship between nature and humans. The jar means humanity, culture, art and artistic imaginations. The nature is a desultory world and only ideas can make it united as a whole. Art is magic. It fantasize the nature. Without art, we are nothing and dead.3. Technique of this poem, the most important one is symbolism and surrealism. For example, the ―I‖ in the poem maybe not refers to the writer Wallace Stevens himself, it can be anyone. And the jar symbolize art, while the wilderness in Tennessee is the symbol of nature.1. What are the stylistic features of Hemingway’s novels?海明威小说的主要特色是什么？Hemingway’s novels are mainly concerned with ―tough‖ people, known for Hemingway hero of athletic prowess and masculinity and unyielding heroism, whose essential courage and honesty are implicitly contrasted with the brutality of civilized society. He deals with a limited range of characters in quite similar circumstances and measures them against anunvarying code, known as ―grace under pressure‖, which is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate in his works. In the general situation of his novels, life is but a losing battle; however it is also a struggle man can demonstrate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.Hemingway once said, ―The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighty of it being above water.‖ Typical of this ―iceberg‖ analogy is Hemingway’s style: Hemingway’s economical writing style often seems simple, but his method is calculated. In his writing, Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters’emotions and thoughts directly. Hemingway was deeply concerned with authenticity in writing . Besides, Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain. The accents and mannerisms of human speech are well presented, and the use of short, simple words and sentences has an effect of clearness, terseness and great care.2. Discuss the symbolism in Melville’s novel Moby-Dick.简述麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象Published in 1851, Moby-Dick is considered a masterpiece by Melville. Holding the thesis that ―All visible objects are but as pasteboard mask‖, Melville strikes through the surface of his adventurous narrative to formulate concepts of good and evil imbedded as allegory in its events. Under Melville’s pen, Moby-Dick turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the un iverse, a spiritual exploration into man’s deep reality and psychology. Melville uses symbols as representations of different ideas, and through facts and incidents to acquire universalmeanings: the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truths. The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolized nature, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab, however, the whale represents only evil; for the author, as well as for the reader and Ishmael, the narrator, Moby Dick is an ultimate mystery of the universe, and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search of the truth.3. What is the theme and the major character in F.S. Fitzgerald’ The Great Gatsby?菲兹杰拉德的小说伟大的盖茨比的主题和主要人物是什么？Consi dered as Fitzgerald’s finest work, The Great Gatsby, written in crisp, concise prose and told by Nick Carraway, a satiric yet sympatheric narrator, it is the story of Jay Gatsby, a young American from the Midwest, Gatsby becomes a bootlegger in order to attain the wealth and lavish way of life he feels are necessary to win the love of Daisy Buchanan, a married upper-class woman who had once rejected him. The story ends tragically with Gatsby’s destruction. The book deals the bankruptcy of the protagonist’s personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality.The hero of the novel, Gatsby , is the last of romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment takes him in search of his personal grail. Gatsby’s failur e magnifies to a great extent the end of the American dream. The protagonist’s pursuit of his dream only proves to be nothing but an illusion. Nevertheless, the affirmation of hope and expectation is self-asserted in the characters.4. What is the theme, stylistic features and the major character in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie?德来塞的《嘉丽妹妹》的主要人物主题结构，语言风格和艺术特点。
第8章 19世纪美国文学 《外国文学经典作品赏析》
19世纪美国文学 —— 概述
埃德加·爱伦·坡（1809—1849）是美国哥特式小说和侦探小说的创始人。他的创作风格独树一帜，反对文学 的功利化，提倡“为艺术而艺术”。他的诗歌既优美又神秘，其诗论对法国象征主义诗歌产生了重大的影响。
法国象征主义诗人波德莱尔是爱伦·坡的权威译者，在创作上深受爱伦·坡启发，其诗歌代表作为诗集《乌鸦和 其他诗篇（1845）、短篇小说集《述异集》（1840），以死亡为创作主题，描写超自然的恐怖、尸体和腐朽， 具有一定的神秘色彩。
19世纪美国文学 —— 概述
《白鲸》是一部关于捕鲸方面的百科全书。小说描写捕鲸的方法、鲸鱼 的习性和种类等内容，重点突出了捕鲸工人处境的艰苦和危险，歌颂了 他们的机智、勇敢、不畏困难等高贵品质，同时反映了资本原始积累的 血腥和残酷。可以说，捕鲸船其实是人类社会的缩影：船长亚哈是主宰 者，他可以对工人们发号施令，强迫其按自己的意愿行事；水手和船长 的活动区域也各有规定，船的后甲板是亚哈船长活动ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้势力范围，船头 楼才是水手们活动的小天地，活动空间决定了船长和水手的身份和地位。
《外国文学经典作品赏析》
第X第章八章XX1X9X世纪美国文学
第一节 概述
目录
第二节 梭罗和《瓦尔登湖》
第三节 霍桑和《红字》
赏析美国文学
境正 义 思想 ， 人 甚 至 在 很 大 程 度 上 牺 牲 了诗 歌 的 艺 术 形 式 。 诗
斯奈 德 的诗 歌大 都 实现 了艺 术 性 和思 想 性 的高 度 统 一 ， 这 首 但 诗歌 是 一个 “ 例外 ” 。为 了表现 环 境 正 义 主题 ， 国环 境 文学 家 美 特别 讲 究隐 喻 的使 用 。隐 喻 是 文 学 作 品 中 常 见 的 一 种 修 辞 手 法 ， 大 部分 文 学 中的 隐 喻是 一 种 语 言 修 饰 方法 或 修 辞 格 。 与 但 此不 同 ， 国环 境文 学 中 常见 的隐 喻 并 没有 局 限于 修 饰 语 言 的 美 功 能 ， 像修 辞 学 中 的 “ 动 理 论 ” 说 的那 样 ， 它 互 所 已经 变 成 一 种 思维 方 式 。具体 地说 ， 反 映 的主 要 是 美 国环 境 文 学 家 的 生 态 它 学思 维 方式 和环 境伦 理 学思 维方 式 。生 态学 中的生 态 系统 理论 和环 境 伦理 学 中 的生态 整体 主 义理 论对 美 国环 境文 学 家建 构 隐
麟
赏析 美 国文 学
沈 阳师 范大 学渤 海 学院 ｏ 级 对 外汉 语 言专 业 ７
“ 境” 环 是美 国 文学 的核 心 主题 ， 它包 括 人 与 自然 之 间 的 环
郑 晓姣
境 和人 与人 之 间 的环境 正 义 。前一 种 环境 正 义要求 人 类超 越 征 服 自然 的人 类 中心 主 义思 维方 式 ， 尊重 自然 的固有 价值 和 尊严 ， 改变 片 面强 调经 济 效益 的经 济 主 义 价值 观 ， 求 人 与 自然 的 和 追
美国浪漫主义文学分析
美国浪漫主义文学分析摘要：本文旨在阐述美国文学的浪漫的特点。
美国浪漫主义文学和欧洲浪漫主义文学之间有衍生相反，启发思路，强调情感，想象力和主观性。
但最重要的美国文学的浪漫作品是典型的美国化产品。
是特定的社会，历史和文化背景下的美国文学的产品。
本文探讨了美国文学的浪漫特征，反映了合众国的“新体验”精神，信仰，个人主义和直觉的价值，追求民主政治上的平等，强调“使命感”。
关键词：浪漫主义文学，美国文学的浪漫主义，文化背景浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止,是美国文学史上最重要的时期。
华盛顿·欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端,惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。
浪漫主义时期的文学是美国文学的繁荣时期,所以也称为“美国的文艺复兴。
”如果你想了解美国浪漫主义文学，必须首先了解美国当时的社会背景，十九世纪美国资本主义迅速发展，经济得以迅速发展，贫富分化日益加剧。
浪漫主义文学就是在此背景下诞生的。
由于作家对于现实社会感到不满，他们往往用更多的笔墨，着重描述自己的理想，并作为反衬，显示出理想与现实之间的差距，用以批评现实社会。
首先，浪漫主义作家不注重创造典型环境和典型人物。
他们强调描述个人的主观世界和内心的感受，并表达强烈的个人感情。
二，浪漫的文学创作大多集中在自然风光的描述，表达了作者内心世界的各种感受。
此外，浪漫主义大多推崇描写特殊情况和异域色彩。
至此，我们可以总结美国浪漫主义文学和欧洲浪漫主义文学之间的关系。
一方面，美国文学的浪漫和欧洲文学的浪漫之间有很多共同点，与启蒙思想相反，浪漫主义文学强调情感，想象力和主观性。
因为在语言方面，美国文学和欧洲文学的母语都是英语，具有相同的文化底蕴，浪漫的美国文学在一定程度上，是欧洲浪漫主义文学的衍生。
另一方面，虽然美国浪漫主义文学深受欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响，但是最典型的美国浪漫主义文学作品是美国本土化的产品。
这是基于具体的社会，历史和文化背景的缘故基于一个新的起点上，没有厚重的历史和传统的束缚，美国这个年轻的国家，迅速发展成为一个政治，经济和文化的独立国家。
美国文学赏析麦田的守望者
美国文学赏析麦田的守望者美国文学赏析麦田的守望者在当时《麦田里的守望者》是当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象，全篇散发着浓郁的青春气息的读本。
作者通过现实主义的笔触生动而细致地描绘了一个中产阶级子弟苦闷、彷徨的精神世界，真实的揭露了资本主义社会精神文明的实质。
在这里是一个混乱的世界，人们自有自的规矩，在物质文明日渐发达的同时精神却越来越空虚，有些年轻人就以消极的方式来对抗现实，本书的作者和他笔下的主人公霍尔顿就是其中一员。
霍尔顿抽烟酗酒，不求上进，但是，他还不至于沦落到吸毒，群居的地步，在他心底，一直还存有美丽而遥远的理想——做一个"麦田里的守望者"。
《麦田里的守望者》这一本著作在1951年问世，立即引起轰动。
主要是因为主人公的经历和思想在青少年中引起强烈共鸣，受到读者，特别是大中学生的热烈欢迎。
他们纷纷模仿主人公霍尔顿的装束打扮，讲“霍尔顿式”的语言，因为这部小说道出了他们的心声，反映了他们的理想、苦闷和愿望。
家长们和文学界也对这本书展开厂争论。
有认为它能使青少年增加对生活的认识，对丑恶的现实提高警惕，促使他们去选择一条自爱的道路；成年人通过这本书也可增进对青少年的理解。
可是也有人认为这是一本坏书，主人公读书不用功，还抽烟、酗酒，搞女人，满口粗活，张口就“他妈的”，因此应该禁止。
但是经过长期的认证之后，发现这本书虽然在语言上有些粗俗，但作品中反映的本质是经得住考验的。
它影响了一代有一代的年轻人。
《麦田里的守望者》之所以能产生如此重大的影响，很重要的一点还由于作者创造了一种新颖的艺术风格。
全书通过第一人称，以一个青少年的口吻叙述了自己的所思所想、所见所闻和行为举止，也以一个青少年的眼光批判了成人世界的虚伪面目和欺骗行径。
作者以细腻深刻的笔法剖析了主人公的复杂心理，不仅抓住了他的理想与现实冲突这一心理加以分析，而且也紧紧抓住了青少年青春期的心理特点来表现主人公的善良纯真和荒诞放纵。
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Ezra Pound (埃兹拉▪庞德)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;人群中这些面孔幽灵般闪现Petals on a wet,black bough、湿漉漉的黑色枝条上的众多花瓣1、Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain、2.What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd、Robert Frost(1)Fire and IceSome say the world will end in fire, 有人说世界将终结于火,Some say in ice、有人说就是冰。
From what I’ve tasted of desire, 从我尝过的欲望之果I hold with those who favor fire、我赞同倾向于火之说。
But if it had to perish twice, 但若它非得两度沉沦I think I know enough of hate、我想我对仇恨了解也够多To know that for destruction ice 可以说要就是去毁灭,Is also great 冰也不错,And would suffice、应该也行。
1、What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war、2.Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here、Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings、3、What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings、Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace、(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1、In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment、2.Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight、It was eager to go home、3.Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do、4、What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life、5 stanza,16lines,Rhyme(押韵格式):aaba bbcb ccdc dddd翻译:Whose woods these are I think I know 我知道林子的主人就是谁,His house is in the village though、虽村落就是她所居之地。
He will not see me stopping here,她不会瞧到我停留于此,To watch his woods fill up with snow、凝视她的林子雪花纷飞。
My little horse must think it queer,我的小马一定以我为怪,To stop without a farmhouse near,近无房舍,为何停伫。
Between the woods and frozen lake, 况只有林子与冰湖,The darkest evening of the year、与一年中最黑之夜。
He gives his harness bells a shake, 她轻摇铃具To ask if there is some mistake、询问有错与否。
The only other sound's the sweep,唯一的回复来自,Of easy wind and downy flake、软雪与清风。
The woods are lovely, dark and deep、林子很美——昏暗而幽深,But I have promises to keep,但我已有约定。
And miles to go before I sleep、沉醉前还有一段路要走And miles to go before I sleep沉醉前还有一段路要走。
(3) The Road Not Taken1.What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads?The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time、2、Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads、Which one does the speaker take? Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,”which implies that it is less traveled by people、The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure、3、What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind?One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties、To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives、Two roads diverged in a yellow wood 黄色的树林里分出两条路And sorry I could not travel both可惜我不能同时去涉足And be one traveler, long I stood我在那路口久久伫立And looked down one as far as I could 我向着一条路极目望去To where it bent in the undergrowth 直到它消失在丛林处Then took the other, as just as fair但我却选了另外一条路And having perhaps the better claim 它荒草萋萋,十分幽寂Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 显得更诱人、更美丽Though as for that the passing there虽然在这两条小路上Had worn them really about the same都很少留下旅人的足迹And both that morning equally lay虽然那天清晨落叶满地In leaves no step had trodden black两条路都未经脚印污染Oh, I kept the first for another day! 呵,留下一条路等改日再见！Yet knowing how way leads on to way, 但我知道路径延绵无尽头I doubted if I should even come back、恐怕我难以再回返I shall be telling this with a sigh也许多少年后在某个地方Somewhere ages and ages hence:。