英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1.主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性)Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。
如:It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2.谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)It began to rain.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow,come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
以上两个句型可以互换: He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中,有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义, 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末,有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
英语句子成分及五种基本句型
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
小结
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作. 谓语动词随着主语的不同而变化, 随着时间的不同而变化, 随 着与主语的不同关系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化, 总之,时时 在变.
谓语有三种不同的形式:
1) 动词
They planted many trees on the hill .
2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home .
形容词
The teacher was satisfied with your work.
They are at home now.
介词短语
My job is to teach English.
不定式
Seeing is believing.
动名词
基本句型2: 主+系+表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的 意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
七种句子基本成分:
I saw a tall boy take your
主谓
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
定宾 补
book just now.
状
五种基本句型:
1 主+谓 2 主+系+表 3 主+谓+宾 4 主+谓+间宾+直宾 5 主+谓+宾+宾补
英语句子成分和五个基本句型
名 词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 (五)定语 是修饰___ 前 饰的名词之_____ ;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰 的名词之_____ 后 。
名词 They are woman workers. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格 形容词 adj Mary is a beautiful girl.. 数词 The play has three acts. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式 This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句
七)宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之 外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。
They elected me captain of the team. 名词 We try to make our country strong. 形容词 We found everything in good order there.介词短语 I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式 I saw him going upstairs. 现在分词 doing They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
1)The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 2)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 3)Few students like taking exams. 4)He forgot to close the door. 5)I hope I can speak English fluently.
英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
基本句型二:S+V+P.(主+系+表) 这种句型结构主要指谓 语动词为连系动词的情况。 如: She is Peter's sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。 That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 英语中绝大多数及物 动词只带一个宾语,这种动词叫单宾语及物动词。 如: Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。
定语:定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用, 可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、 形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充 当。 例: His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。 Can you find out the answer to the question? A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。 A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
英语句子成分与基本句式结构
四、表语
位于连系动词的后面,用来说明主语的身份、 特征、状态等。构成主系表结构。
例句: 1. This is an English book. 2. You look happy today. 3. They are from America. 4. I don’t feel well today.
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分
句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分。 主语 谓语 宾语 表语
状语 定语 补语 同位语
一、主语
句子所陈述的主体,一般位于句首,指动作 的发出者。
例句: 1. You are my friend. 2. My father is a teacher. 3. These girls like English.
第四种:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
例句: 1. I can make you happy. 2. They want me to sing. 3. We call him Mr. Smith. 4. The sun keeps us warm.
第五种:主语+连系动词+表语.
例句: 1. My father is happy. 2. She looks beautiful. 3. Her face turns red. 4. My dream(梦想) is to be a scientist.
五、定语
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特 征的词。
例句: 1. This is a red car. 2. The tall boy is my friend. 3. Harbin is a beautiful city. 4. Mr. Black is a kind and interesting teacher.
英语句子成分和基本句型
英语句子成分和基本句型英语句子的基本成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
基本句型有简单句、并列句、复合句和复合并列句。
1. 简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成,可以包含宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
例句:She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好听。
)主语:She谓语:sings表语:beautifully2. 并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过并列连词连接而成。
例句:I like to read, and my brother likes to play video games.(我喜欢读书,而我弟弟喜欢玩电子游戏。
)第一个简单句:I like to read第二个简单句:my brother likes to play video games并列连词:and3. 复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成,从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句。
例句:I know that he is coming tomorrow.(我知道他明天要来。
)主句:I know名词从句:that he is coming tomorrow4. 复合并列句:由两个或多个复合句通过并列连词连接而成。
例句:She said that she was tired, but she still went to the party.(她说她很累,但她还是去了派对。
)第一个复合句:She said that she was tired第二个复合句:she still went to the party并列连词:but在英语句子中,主语通常是句子的主要话题或执行动作的人或事物。
谓语是句子中的动词,表示主语的动作或状态。
宾语是动作的承受者或影响者。
表语是用来描述或说明主语的词或词组。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或词组。
补语是用来补充或说明主语或宾语的词或词组。
英语句子成分大全
英语句子成分大全英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
下面是小编为你整理的有关英语句子成分大全,欢迎阅读!英语五种基本句型列式如下:一: S V (主+谓)二: S V P (主+系+表)三: S V O (主+谓+宾)四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。
英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及therebe句型
英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及t herebe 句型一、S + V(主语+不及物动词)这种句型简称为主谓结构。
不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整,后面不需要接宾语的动词,如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。
如:—Did you go by sea?你们走的是海路吗?—No, we flew. 不,我们是坐飞机去的。
有时,不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。
如:Whydon’tyoucome at once when I call you? 我叫你时,你为什么不马上来?Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子,每空一词。
1. 他在听。
He __________.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗?Did you __________last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。
The rain __________two hours.Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type coststoo much. You’dbetter ______.A. waitB. waitin gC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _____outsid e. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is rainin g C. rained D. has rained( )8. —Did you watchthe basket ballmatchyester day? —Y es, I did. My uncle______in the match.A. is playin gB. was playin gC. has playedD. will play( )9. —What did your father say just now? —Sorry,Idon’tknow. I ______ on the phone.A. am talkin gB. talkC. was talkin gD. have talked( )10. You ______ firstand I ______ behind.A. go; was follow ingB. will go; followC. will go; follow edD. go; will follow二、S + V + P(主语+系动词+表语)系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构。
基本句型与句子成分
五大基本句型与句子成分英语句子长短不一,有简有繁,表面上看,变化万千,但分析其实质,却可发现共同的规律:这些变化万千的句子,从其结构来看,都符合五种基本句型。
1. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语例句:He is very happy. 他很高兴。
注解:is 为连系动词,没有具体动作,只是起连接主语(He)和后边成分(very happy)的作用,系动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,表明主语的性质特征,因此我们把系动词后面的成分叫做主语补足语,也叫做表语。
系动词的主要分类:1)状态系动词:be2)持续系动词:keep, remain, stay, lie, stand3)表像系动词:seem, appear, look4)感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste,5)变化系动词:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.6)终止系动词:prove, turn out, 表达"证实","结果…"2. 主语+ 谓语(+ 状语:表明时间、地点、方式、原因等)例句:They differ widely in the taste. 他们的品味非常不同。
注解:这类动词为不及物动词,这种动词所表示的动作完整,不能带宾语。
动词后面可接副词或介词短语来说明动作的程度,原因,时间等,作状语。
3. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语例句:I can't stand him. 我对他忍无可忍。
注解:这类动词为单宾动词,即只能接一个宾语的及物动词。
4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语例句:He bought me a car. 他给我买了一辆车。
注解:这类动词为双宾动词,即可以接两个宾语的动词。
其中物(a car)是动作的承受者,作直接宾语,而人(me)是动作的接受者,作间接宾语。
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语例句:I find him a good guy. 我发现他是个好人。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。
如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。
如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。
如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型英语的句子成分总共七个英语的句子成分总共七个: : : 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语。
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语。
一、主语主语是一个句子叙述的主体。
我们可以这样理解,我们可以这样理解,主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象,主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象,主语就是一句话主要叙述的对象,或者这句话主或者这句话主要讲的内容。
这句话主要讲什么,这个“什么”就是主语。
例如要讲的内容。
这句话主要讲什么,这个“什么”就是主语。
例如 I am a teacher I am a teacher I am a teacher(我是老师)(我是老师),主要讲的是“I I ””。
而不是“。
而不是“teacher teacher teacher”” . . 所以所以“I”是主语。
“I”是主语。
Chinese is hard Chinese is hard Chinese is hard 这里主要讲的是这里主要讲的是“Chinese Chinese”” ,而不是“hard hard””.所以Chinese Chinese 是主语。
是主语。
一般来说,能够充当主语的词语有:名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子、其他。
1、名词名词都可以做主语。
但是什么是名词?名词就是世间万物的名称。
世间万物,不管看得见的,还是看不见的都有一个名称。
比如我们自己的名称,就是人名。
比如 Tom, Mary. Tom, Mary.地方的名称,就是地名。
地方的名称,就是地名。
比如,比如, China China China、、Guangdong Guangdong、、Puning Puning。
我们生活中,所有可以看见的物品,比如,电脑(我们生活中,所有可以看见的物品,比如,电脑(computer computer computer))、书(book)(book)、房子、房子、房子(house)(house)(house)、、钢笔钢笔(pen)(pen)(pen)等等。
英语中的句子成分及五种基本句型分析
a doctor. 状语阐明了动词的哪些方面的特点?
❖1. 小李回家后,立刻就睡觉去了。
❖Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.
❖ 6.这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。 ______________________________________
❖ 7.我没有笔写字。 ______________________________________
❖ 8.照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。 ______________________________________
P happy.
nice. red.
基本句型三 主谓宾
❖S+V+O ❖We study English everyday. ❖They are playing football. ❖He enjoys reading. ❖She said “Good morning.”
基本句型三 主谓宾
S
V
O
We They He She
❖4. He is a man s_u_it_a_b_l_e_f_o_r_t_h_e_j_ob.
你能归纳出定语的位置吗?
定语阐明名词特点,性质; 状语则阐明 动词何如何.
❖1. We _o_ft_e_n help him. ❖2. I r_e_a_ll_y don’t like the food. ❖3. He did his homework c_a_re_f_u_l_ly ❖a_t_h_o_m__e. ❖4.Her mother goes _o_u_t _to__d_o__s_o_m_e___
句子成分和五种基本句型
定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分
• He is a new student. • China is a developing country. • He is reading a book about how to learn English.
状语: 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分。 按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条 件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等
• • • • •
These books are interesting. Tom is happy. Tom is very happy today. The story sounds interesting. He became a teacher six years ago.
The weather turns cold.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)We made im the manager.
组成句子
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语) He made us stand here quietly yesterday. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
They are painting the door green. What makes him so happy? He tells us funny stories. I am showing him my pictures. I saw them getting on the bus. He passes her nothing. He asked me to come back soon. I will give my car a wash. They find the house empty.
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
以下是英语基本句型的介绍:
1. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词):这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语,但可以跟副词、介词短语等状语作谓语的补足语。
例如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。
)
2. 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语,表示动作的承受者或结果。
宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词等。
例如:I love music.(我喜欢音乐。
)
3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语:这种句型中的谓语动词是系动词,后面跟表语,表示主语的性质、状态或特征。
表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。
例如:She is a beautiful girl.(她是一个漂亮的女孩。
)
4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词可以同时跟两个宾语,其中一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语。
间接宾语表示动作的受益者,直接宾语表示动作的承受者。
例如:Please give me a book.(请给我一本书。
)
5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语:这种句型中的谓语动词后面跟一个宾语,再跟一个宾语补足语,对宾语的性质、状态或特征进行补充说明。
例如:We found him in the park.(我们发现他在公园里。
)
以上是英语的基本句型,通过这些基本句型可以组合成各种复杂的句子。
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英语句子成分及基本句型
1.1 句子成分
A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
He can speak English well.
C.表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有
be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
Who was the first?
He is out of condition.
The book is what I n eed.
D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。
宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。
直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。
Give him a cup of coffee.
E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
Please make yourself at home.
Please keep the dog out.
We must keep it a secret.
F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you known Betty’s sister?
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
I met a friend on my way home.
G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
He always comes late to school.
讲出划线部分的句子成分:
1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.
2.I have a lot to say on this matter.
3.Please give me some advice.
4.She is quite all right now.
5.A lonely person is always alone.
6.A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
7.To travel abroad one must have a passport.
8.He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.
9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.
10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?
1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)
(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.
(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.
(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.
(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.
(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.
分析句子结构:
1.What you said made me happy.
2.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
3.After he finished his homework, he went away.
4. He likes pop music.
5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.
7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.
8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。