数词和主谓一致

数词和主谓一致
一、数词考点透析
1．hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确切的数目时，不能加-s ，如：two hundred students。

如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加-s ，并与of连用，如：hundreds of teachers，thousands of farmers，millions of stars。

2．scores of与dozens of都表示概数，意为“数十，许多”，a score eggs(二十个鸡蛋)、a dozen eggs(十二个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说a score of eggs，不能说a dozen of eggs。

3．年代的表示法有两种，如：20世纪80年代可写成in the 1980s 或in the 1980's。

4．年、月、日的表示法常按月、日、年的顺序，如：2015年6月7日写成July 7，2015。

5．“基数词＋名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。

如：a three-month baby，an 800­word composition。

6．序数词前如有the，表顺序，如：the Second World War，the first question; 如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再，又”。

如：
I've failed six times，but I decided to have a seventh try.
我已经失败了六次了，但是我决定再尝试第七次。

7．常见的含数词的短语：
in twos and threes 三三两两
one or two days没几天；一两天
first of all首先
second to none 首屈一指，不亚于任何人
one by one 一个一个地
ten to one十之八九
one in ten十分之一
fifty fifty对半
强化训练一
根据中文完成句子。

1．我身高1米71，体重75公斤。

I'm ____________ and I weigh ____________．
2．44%的学生认为应当收取费用。

____________________ think that fees should be charged.
3．我很高兴收到你6月7日的来信。

I was very glad to receive your letter___________________.
4．这个故事发生在2014年2月8日早上7点15分。

The story happened ____________________ on the morning of ________________．
5．沿着这条800米的街道有300多家商店。

Along this ____________________ street, there are ____________________．
6．这套房子有25平方米，有一间卧室、一间浴室和一个厨房。

The house occupies________________，with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
7．如图2所示，他们只有10%的业余时间用在体育活动上。

As is shown on ________________，only ____________________ is spent on sports
activities.
8．上周，我们对2，600名学生就“谁是你的偶像”做了一个调查。

Last week, we did a survey among ______________ on “Who is your idol”．
9．图书馆的开放时间是周一到周五的早上9点至晚上7点，周末不开门。

The library is open ________________ from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.
10．这个活动将持续23天，从6月1日至23日。

The activity will last ____________________，from ____________________．
11．你可以搭17路或59路巴士，地铁2号线在那也有一个站。

You may take ____________ and ______________ has a stop there，too.
12．前门大街是一条著名的大街，有600多年的历史。

Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of ________________．
13．昨天气温下降到零下8摄氏度。

Yesterday the temperature dropped to ________________________．
14．澳大利亚人Allan Stewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年获硕士学位，是世界上获得硕士学位年龄最大的人。

Born ____________________, Allan Stewart, an Australian, became the oldest man to obtain a master's degree all over the world________________________________________________________________________.
15．都江堰灌溉工程有2 000多年的历史，今天在灌溉方面仍然发挥着重要的作用。

Dujiangyan Irrigation Project has a history of ________________ and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.
16．调查显示，三分之二的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为偶像，而48%的男孩选择体育明星作为偶像。

The survey shows/indicates that ______________ choose film and TV stars as idols, while __________________ choose sports stars as idols.
17．调查数据显示，“父母”(作为偶像)在女孩中排名第二，在男孩中排名第四。

As the data shows, “parents”(as idols) ranks ____________ for the girls, but ________________ for the boys.
18．这个小镇面积是9.1平方公里，人口有2.3万。

The little town covers a total area of ____________ and has a population of ________________．
19．一年后即2014年，在第17届亚运会上他获得一枚金牌。

今年年初在世界游泳锦标赛中成为世界冠军。

A year later ____________，he won a gold medal at ________________ and became a world champion at __________________ early this year.
20．学生会将在8月15日周六晚上举办一个晚会，欢迎来自美国的朋友。

The Students' Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, ________________，to welcome our friends from the United States.
答案：
1．1.71 meters tall; 75 kilograms
2．Forty-four percent of the students
3．dated of June 7
4．at 7：15 am；February 8th，2014
5．800­meter­long；more than 300 shops
6．25 square meters
7．Chart 2/Table 2; 10% of their spare time
8．2，600 students
9．from 9 am to 7 pm
10．about 23 days; June 1st to 23rd
11．Buses No.17 or 59；Subway Line 2
12．more than 600 years
13．8℃below zero/minus 8℃
14．on March 7th，1915；in 2006
15．more than 2，000 years
16．two­thirds of the girls；48% of the boys
17．the second; the fourth
18．9.1 square kilometers；23，000/23 thousand
19．in 2014；the 17th Asian Games；the World Swimming
Championships
20．August 15th
二、主谓一致考点透析
1．语法一致
主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。

名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。

如：
(1)The boy is clever enough to learn mathmatics well.
这个男孩很聪明，能学好数学。

(2)All the students are listening to their teacher attentively.
所有的学生都在认真听老师讲课。

(3)Collecting stamps gives me pleasure and betters my understanding of the world as well.
集邮给了我乐趣，也让我对世界更加了解。

(4)What you do is different from what you say.
你言行不一。

2．意义一致
有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。

数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the＋形容词”充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。

如：
(1)Five pounds is quite enough for you to buy a radio or a walkman，something like that.
五英镑够你买一台收音机或随身听之类的东西了。

(2)His family was going to have a long journey，but on the day when they were supposed to set off，some family were ill，so they had to cancel the plan.
他们一大家子本打算做一次长途旅行，可是出发的那一天，有些人病了，所以他们只能取消这个计划。

3．就近一致
谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

当not only...but also...，or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not...but...，whether...or...等连词连接两个主语，以及在there be 句型、倒装句中，一般适用就近原则。

如：
(1)He didn't say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.
他没有说是需要一些英语小说还是需要一本英语词典。

(2)Not only you but also he is to blame.
不仅你要挨批评，他也要被批评。

♨温馨提示：
1．a number of＋名词复数＋动词复数形式；
the number of＋名词单/复数＋动词单数形式。

2．a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，two­thirds of，fifty percent of等短语后接名词作主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数；后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。

3．one and a half＋名词复数＋动词复数。

4．many a＋名词单数＋动词单数。

5．every＋名词单数and every＋名词单数＋动词单数。

Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.
6．主语是单数时，尽管后面有with，together with，along with，like，rather than, as well as 等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语仍用单数。

The teacher, as well as the students, was very excited.
强化训练二
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1．A poet and artist ________ (come) to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
2．A survey of the opinions of experts ________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ________ (be) good for one's health.
3．All the employees except the manager ________ (encourage) to work online at home.
4．All the preparations for the task ____________ (complete), and we are ready to start.
5．As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert ________ (cover) the land.
6．As a result of the serious flood, two­thirds of the buildings in the area________ (need) repairing.
7．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ (wear) evening dress.
8．—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area ________ (invite)．
9．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
10．I told him what I was surprised at ________ (be) his attitude towards his study.
11．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
12．Most of what has been said about the Smiths________(be) also true of the Johnsons.
13．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ________ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
14．Such poets as Shakespeare ________ (be) widely read, of whose works, however, some________ (be) difficult to understand.
15．The number of people invited ________ (be) fifty, but a number of them ________
(be) absent for different reasons.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

Our school library, along with many other buildings，1.________ (be) very different from other schools'. There 2.________ (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 3.________ (be) large. It was 2，000，000 dollars that all the books cost our school. It is such a large amount of money that an average family can't afford it, right? But in my view, it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion, many a student 4.________ (have) a thirst for knowledge.
Our library is also a multifunctional building. There are 500 computers in it.Many a student 5.________ (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates，Mike and John, 6.________ (surf) the Internet. How happy they are!
Look! A professor and writer 7.________ (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 8.________ (cheer) up. What lovely children they are! Enter our art room and you will find a teacher with his students 9.______ (paint) in the room.On the wall 10.________ (be) about 500 pictures, which attract many students.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.is coming 2.shows; is 3.are encouraged 4.have been completed 5.has covered 6.need7.wears
8．was invited9.is10.was11.has caused12.is
13．is working14.are；are15.was; were
Ⅱ.1.is 2.are 3.is 4.has 5.surfs 6.are surfing
7．is8.cheer/cheers9.is painting10.are。