万题库权威版-20XX考研《英语1》阅读理解答案解析第2页-考
20xx年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析
20xx年答案试题解析——阅读理解Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.考点分析（the most）本句的意思是"过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落".①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③ To read such books today is to marvel at t he fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.考点分析①to the point of "到...地步" ②转折常考，出21题。
20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析
20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析20xx 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版20xx 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2,in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust inan individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 withone another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9:In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangersthan were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate credible personand a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask,“ What’ s in here?” before looking into the smiling, and exclaiming,“ Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized thetester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 tocooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the cipated “in 20” teste a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2.[A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3.[A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4.[A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5.[A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6.[A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains8.[A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9.[A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D]unsuitable Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’ s view?[A]Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A]creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A]encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A]opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’ s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news fromthe White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’ s socia platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrusthas risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacyskills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of wasfake news, according to the . And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in , , andthe by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people ’ s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately andvalues and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passingalong information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is“ reader error,” more-up so than m stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake newslies in“ misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social med words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal amental discipline in thinking skills –and in their choices on when to share on socialmedia.26.According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people ’ s preference for social media platforms. [C]the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase“ beer up” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28.According to the knight foundation survey, youngpeople [A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on“ distributed trust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problemis [A] readers outdated values.[B]journalists’ biased reporting[C]readers ’ misinterpretation[D]journalists’-upmadestories.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B]A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C]The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D]The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will becarefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked ofpatients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons aboutinformed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case andnot even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on theNHS trust, since under existing law it“ controlled” the data and DeepMind “ processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing andaggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’ s rights.[C]It fell short of the latter's expectations[D]It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdictwith [A] empty promises.[B]tough resistance.[C]necessary adjustments.[D]sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A]privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B]leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C]making profits from patients' data is illegal.34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A]the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B]the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C]the uncontrolled use of new software.[D]the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A]ambiguous.[B]cautious.[C]appreciative.[D]contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exertself-interested pressure on the USPS ’ s ultimate-C o ngve r essseer-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A].its unbalanced budget.[B].its rigid management.[C].the cost for technical upgrading.[D].the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A].the interference from interest groups.[B].the inadequate funding from Congress.[C].the shrinking demand for postal service.[A].removing its burden of retiree health care.[B].making more investment in new vehicles.[C].adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D].attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A]respect.[B]tolerance.[C]discontent.[D]gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A].The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B].The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C].The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D].The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)C. The State, War, and , as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in , with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing . In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.à C42à. à 43. à F 44à à 45. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：20xx年考研英语一真题及答案解析Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attendthe graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and otherrelevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use stead“.(10LiMing”inpoints)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, youshould20xx 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】 [B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析
考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后叶催产素), oftencalled"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite介词辨析。
20xx年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)
20xx年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and_____（2）to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____（5）over 400 healthyadults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold,and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects ofhugging_____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficialeffect._____（11）among those who got a cold,the ones who feltgreater social support and received more frequent hugs had lesssevere_____（12）."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____（13）risk for colds that's usually_____（14）with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Hugging"isa marker of intimacy and help_____（15）the feeling that othersare there to help_____（16）difficulty."Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing,health-relatedbenefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"thebonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment inrelationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part ofthe brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.Butsome of it_____（19）in the brain,where it_____（20）mood,behavior and physiology.1.A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2.A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3.A．view B．Host C．lesson D．choice4.A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5.A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6.A．on B．in C．at D．of7.A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8.A．along B．across C．down D．out9.A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．Restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests13.A．Highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．Presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared15.A．assess B．Generate C．moderate D．record16.A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influencesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.（40 points）Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation SecurityAdministration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time theytried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how muchmore effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bringthe price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading majorU.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,P ara.5)is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii's last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerfultelescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land anda painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to theislands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize thetelescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragra ph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth istranslated into meaningful improvements for itscitizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or educationoutcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge inMr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But underanti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is notan“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their const ituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access foraverage people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the s truggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonn ell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz" in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himselfshorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickens later concealed their background.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.In Oliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London.Nicholas Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position ofEnglish as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address。
20XX年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案(海文版)第2页-考研.doc
2017年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案（海文版）第2页-考研“2017年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案（海文版）”发布，更多2017考研答案、2017考研真题等信息，请关注考研网或搜索公众微信号“考研”!Text2“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”w roteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatchers wereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHa waiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastrono myinHawaiitoday.Protestshaveeruptedover constructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(T MT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevol utionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvol canoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,t hatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheaven s.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtele scopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothi ngnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansan denvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenc easdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulremi nderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelong stoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbigg ertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonly wayofunderstandingtheworld.Theydidnotal waysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland’sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofth epast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withroots goingbacktothedawnofcivilization.Thesame curiositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonth atfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploret heheavens.Callstodisassemblealltelescopeso nMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentther eignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiia nculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsabou twhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewea regoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestar ryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknow ourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.Theastronomycommunityismakingcompro misestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTs itewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchae ologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthe numberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswi llberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandthei rsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreas onwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaun aKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.【答案】[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto[A]itsgeographicalfeatures[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.[C]itsreligiousimplications.[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】[A]itsgeographicalfeatures28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.【答案】[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof[A]severecriticism.[B]passiveacceptance.[C]slighthesitancy.[D]fullapproval. 【答案】[D]fullapproval.。
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版【考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版】考研英语一真题及答案解析已成为考研复习的重要内容之一。
对于考生来说，了解历年真题以及解析对于备考至关重要。
本文将为大家提供考研英语一真题及答案解析的完整版，旨在帮助考生更好地复习备考。
一、阅读理解以下是一道考研英语一真题的阅读理解部分，附有答案解析：Passage 1In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production, with the telephone expanding the market for products of all kinds. But it was also clear at once that the telephone brought with it the disadvantage of the growing number of interruptions in the intimacy (亲密)of family life.As long as only telegrams could be received over the telephone, this disadvantage only concerned business and politicians who could be interrupted at home. But as soon as relatives and friends began to telephone one another, people had to start struggling with new difficulties and new obligations (义务). As many other important inventions in the course of history, the telephone became a burden (负担)for persons of culture who would not easily yield their privacy (隐私权).With the invention of the telephone, ways had to be found to establish rules as to when and by whom telephone calls could be made without interrupting. The telephone, in order to be acceptable, had to bear certain qualities which were also valid for other cultural goods – mainly the quality to bring people toward one another and to integrate (整合)them into the common world.These results could, however, be achieved only by the contribution of a large number of people who followed certain rules of behavior with regard to the telephone. But such rules had to be collectively established, they had to be known and accepted by everyone; it would not have been sufficient if only a few informed persons, acting in a purely academic capacity =by themselves, had found them out and had spread (传播)them – that is, if people had known the rules only in the abstract.As soon as propriety (礼节)became a matter of public interest, the invention of the telephone brought about the establishment of a teachers of telephone behavior – professors who explained the norms (规范)of telephone behavior, who taught people how to accept messages, how to make a call politely and yet firmly (委婉), how to end calls courteously (谦虚地), and how to use a telephone correctly. These professors were also at the service of companies and private persons for individual consultation on the same topics. Thanks to these people the invasion of privacy by telephone could be tempered (缓和), the annoyance (麻烦) of being interrupted by telephone calls could be reduced.11. According to the passage, the advent of the telephone led to ______.A) an almost immediate invasion of privacyB) the formation of new obligationsC) the integration of business and politicsD) the expansion of the market for various products答案解析：D) the expansion of the market for various products.解析：根据文章的第一句“In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production.”可知，电话的出现推动了商品市场的扩大。
万题库权威版-20XX考研《英语二》阅读理解答案解析第2页-考
万题库权威版:2017考研《英语二》阅读理解答案解析第2页-考研万题库权威版:2017考研《英语二》阅读理解答案解析，更多2017考研答案、2017考研真题等信息，请关注考研网或搜索公众微信号“考研”!Text2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,i t’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscre enuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRad eskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaxi malengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,a ndleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesan dtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpa irsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmothe rswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted2 0percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernon verbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.During aseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbec ameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswo uldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildren wouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotryt ounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareb lankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhen absorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconc ertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitest he“stillfa ceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsyc hologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotheris askedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwayb eforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivin gthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbec omesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapt ur ehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thave tobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,buttherene edstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberespon siveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcerne dthatt heworriesaboutkids’useofscreensareb ornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemands thatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”with theirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantas ized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideol ogythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchild to30,000wordsy ouareneglectingthem.”Troni ckbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearnin gfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluet oit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveas hower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfro mtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutof usingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsom eworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelha ppier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.【题干】AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.【选项】A.simplifyroutinemattersB.absorbuserattentionC.betterinterpersonalrelationsD.increaseworkefficiency【答案】B【解析】由题干中的关键词JennyRadesky,可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的第一段第二行，接着题干中说digitalproductsaredesignedto..可以知道，考查的是数码产品的目的，回归到文中第一段第二行，可知JennyRadesky说了这样一句话：Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,anddigit alproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengag ement....电子产品就是为了促进最大程度的参与性，由此可以得出答案B为了吸引用户的注意力。
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析考研英语(一)阅读理解部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
下面是店铺整理的考研英语(一)阅读理解练习试题，欢迎阅读!Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severepunishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析（2）
考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析（2）考研英语一阅读理解练习试题及答案解析Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise an d regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Cor rupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those withthe most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval【答案】[B]【解析】观点态度题。
2020年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解1完整篇.doc
2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解一【- 考研英语】Passage 1In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks’ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in becameincredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).Today McDonald’s is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald’s had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1. This passage mainly talks about.A)the development of fast food servicesB)how McDonald’s became a billion-dollar businessC)the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD)Ray Kroc’s business talent2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except.A) a drive-inB) a cinemaC) a theaterD) a barbecue restaurant3. We may infer from this passage that.A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocB)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsD)Ray Kroc was a good businessman4. The passage suggests that.A)creativity is an important element of business successB)Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersC)Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray KrocD)California is the best place to go into business5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans.A)specialB)financialC )attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you rea lly need; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying,most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people.To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.6. The main idea of this passage is that.A)employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB)lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC)college degrees can now be purchased easilyD)employers are no longer interested in college degrees7. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where.A)students attend a school only part-timeB)students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC)students purchase false degrees from commercial filmsD)students attended a famous school8. We can infer from the passage that.A)performance is a better judge of ability that a college degreeB)experience is the best teacherC)past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD) a degree from a famous school enables an applicantto gain advantage over others in job petition9. This passage implies that.A)buying a false degree is not moralB)personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschoolsC)most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD)society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications10. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means.A)addressB)thoroughC)ultimateD)decisive重点推荐：2014年考研大纲 2014年考研报名 2014年考研时间2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解二【- 考研英语】Passage 3Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character,developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks wer stopped in Washington, D.C. Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.11. This passage is mainly about.A)the New Madrid fault in MissouriB)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faultsD)current scientific knowledge about faults12. The New Madrid fault is.A) a horizontal faultB) a vertical faultC) a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD)responsible for forming the Mississippi River13. We may conclude from the passage that.A)it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB)the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC)California will become an island in futureD) A big earthquake will occur to California soon14. This passage implies that.A)horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.B)Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC)Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake15. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means.A) greatlyC) basicallyB) extremelyD) necessarilyPassage 4Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said thattunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-classticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.16. All boys and girls in large families know that.A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB)people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD)Railway leads the world to peace17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except.A)the railway enables people travel fastB)the railway brings comfort to peopleC)the railway makes the world peacefulD)the railway leads the world to war as well.18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but.A)tunnels are dangerous to public healthB)the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people’s nervesC)the rapid speed through the air does damage to people’s lungsD)to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die19. We may safely conclude that.A)the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB)the author belongs to the for-railway groupC)the author speaks highly of the railwayD)the author may never take train because of its potential dangers20. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)Exaggerated相关推荐：2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解（汇总）2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解三【- 考研英语】Passage 5In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date issimply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one’s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by thepeople, should at least be for the people.21. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because.A)the government greatly encouraged peasantsB)rains favored the growth of cottonC)Chad gained independence in the previous yearD)Both A)and B)22. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually.A) on June 15thB) on July 15thC) on July 1stD) on July 20th23. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to.A) breakfastB)bread and butterC)riceD)millet24. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to.A)sell cotton in advanceB)be encouraged to save moneyC)sow cotton in timeD)plant millet first25. Which of the following is NOT true?A)Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.B)Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.C)Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.D)Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.Passage 6We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. DidJerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? And Paul-why didn’t pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car? When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, You’re a lucky dog. That’s being friendly. But lucky dog? There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the dog bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that the doesn’t think you deserve your luck.Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people toyou may save another mistake.26. This passage is mainly about.A)how to interpret what people sayB)what to do when you listen to others talkingC)how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleD)Why we go wrong with people sometimes27. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that.A)We fail to listen carefully when they talkB) People tend to be annoyed when we check what they sayC)People usually state one thing but means anotherD)We tend to doubt what our friends say28. In the sentence Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. in the second paragraph, the pronoun it refers to.A) being friendlyC) lucky dogB) a bit of envyD) your luck29. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is.A)notice the way the person is talkingB)take a good look at the person talkingC)mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyesD)examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture30. The author most probably is a.A) teacherC) philosopherB) psychologistD) doctor相关推荐：2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解（汇总）2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解四【- 考研英语】Passage 7A moment’s drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand theneedle- a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it’s true that the human body has developed it s millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without ournerves - and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn’t know what’s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧)who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation(感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.31. The passage is mainly about.A) how to suffer painB) how to avoid painC) how to handle painD) how to stop pain32. The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity. in the second paragraph implies that.A)we should pay a debt for our feelingB)we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC)our pain is worth feelingD)when we feel pain, we are suffering it33. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that.A)Indians are not at all afraid of painB)people may be senseless of painC)some people are able to handle painD)fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms34. the most important thing to handle pain is.A) how we look at painB) to feel pain as much as possibleC) to show an interest in painD) to accept the pain reluctantly35. The author’s attitude towards pain is.A) pessimisticB) optimisticC) radical (极端的)D) practicalPassage 8Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow man?Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two step s before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is itsteam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that hemust help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to betested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on thetests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’strouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.36. The purpose of this passage is.A) to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB) to explain when people wil act in emergenciesC) to explain what people will do in emergenciesD) to explain how people feel in emergencies37. Which of the following is NOT true?A) When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B) When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey are worth his help.C) A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D) A person with a heart attack needs the most.38. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when.A) they are in pairsB) they are in groupsC) they are aloneD) they are with their friends39. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that.A) they are afraid of emergenciesB) they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC) others will act if they themselves hesitateD) they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help40. The author suggests that.A) we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB) a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC) people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD) when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway相关推荐：2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解（汇总）2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解五【- 考研英语】Passage 9People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears,the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.。
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析
2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析2023考研英语一阅读理解Text1部分试题及答案解析：Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathises with views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These could emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit g roup that monitors public education, “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debates reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages–such as earth and space sciences in high schools–it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to ______.[A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools[B] stress the consequences of climate change[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting[D] draw the public’s attention to energy shortages22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?[A] She exaggerates the existing panic.[B] She denies the value of scientific work.[C] She shows no concern for pre-teens.[D] She expresses self-contradictory views.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 indicates that ______.[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools[B] policy makers have little drive for science education[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US ______.[A] call for regular revision[B] require urgent application[C] have limited influence[D] cater to local needs25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools ______.[A] agree to major public demands[B] reflects teachers' personal bias[C] may misrepresent the energy sector[D] can be swayed by external forces答案解析：21.【答案】[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting【解析】本题为细节题。
考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
考研英语(一)真题及参考答案20XX年考研英语（一）真题及答案解析（网络版）Section I Use of LanguageDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word（S）for each numbered blank and mark A，B ，C orD on ANSWER SHEET．（10 Points）As many people hit middle age，they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be．We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago，or an old acquaintance's name，or the name of an old band we used to love．As the brain 2 ，we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments．" 3 seemingly innocent，this loss of mental focus can potentially have a （an） 4 impact on our professional，social，and personal 5 ．Neuroscientists，experts who study the nervous system，are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done．It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do，and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive8 ．Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain．To a certain extent，our ability to 10 in making the connections that driveintelligence is inherited．11 ，because these connections are made through effort and practice，scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort．Now，a new Web－based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 ．The Web－based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills．The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement．Most importantly，it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing－－much like a （n）20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use．1．[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2．[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3．[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4．[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5．[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6．[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7．[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8．[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9．[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10．[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11．[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12．[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13．[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14．[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15．[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16．[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17．[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18．[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19．[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20．[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1－5 ABDCA6－10 ACBDC11－15 DABAD16－20 BDCCB1．[标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
20xx年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析(1)
20xx年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultCome on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the soci al cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really wo rks. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionable26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices. [B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals. [D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection. [B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom. [D]persistent innovation.[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Team sters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget ispatrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.[A] illegally secured. [B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased. [D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.Part CThe most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III Writing2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, andYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
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万题库权威版:2017考研《英语一》阅读理解答案解析第2页-考研“万题库权威版:2017考研《英语一》阅读理解答案解析”发布，更多2017考研答案、2017考研真题等信息，请关注考研网或搜索公众微信号“考研”!Text2“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”w roteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigning monarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongth emostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety. Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiito day.Protestshaveeruptedoverconstructionof theThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobse rvatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaun aKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeH awaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiia nIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsoh ometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelesco pes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’sp eakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseat mosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopesto obtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothi ngnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansan denvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpres enceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulr eminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelong stoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbigg ertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheo nlywayofunderstandingtheworld.Theydidno talwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisl ands’inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthe past;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withroots goingbacktothedawnofcivilization.Thesame curiositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonth atfirstbroughtearlyPolynesia nstoHawaii’ssh oresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheh eavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonM aunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereign oretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiiancul turebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwh oweare,wherewecomefromandwhereweareg oing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarrys kies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowour selvesandourtrueancestralhomes.Theastronomycommunityismakingcompro misestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTs itewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibil ityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologica landenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumbe roftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillbere movedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsites returnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwh yeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeat oembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.【题干】QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates_____【选项】A.herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.B.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.C.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.D.herappreci ationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.【答案】A【解析】本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的关键词QueenLiliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian社会中最受尊重的成员。
正确选项B的theimportanceofastronomy是原文starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的总结概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原词出现。
干扰项A的historicalrole属于原文信息的曲解，选项C的regrettabledecline未提及，过度推理，选项D不是inhertime，是她评论ancient的观星者。
下载考研万题库观看逐题权威视频解析【估分】下载考研万题库在线估分27.【题干】MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto_____【选项】A.itsgeographicalfeatures.B.itsprotectivesurroundings.C.itsreligiousimplications.D.itsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】B【解析】本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的大写字母MaunaKea，以及关键词idealastronomicalsite定位到第二段But后面的内容。
But后面说MaunaKea是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。
本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到MaunaKea的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。
选项A中的geographicalfeatures就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。
干扰项B 的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰;选项C的宗教暗示根据本段首句worship进行干扰，不在定位句里;选项D现有的基础设施未提及。
下载考研万题库观看逐题权威视频解析【估分】下载考研万题库在线估分28.【题干】TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysome localspartlybecause_____【选项】A.itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.B.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.C.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.D.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】B【解析】本题目属于原因细节题。
根据题干关键词theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第四段第二句，这里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwa sonceasovereignnation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。
选项B中的remind是原文的原词复现，ahumiliatinghistory(令人耻辱的历史)是对theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnati on的同义转化及总结概括。
下载考研万题库观看逐题权威视频解析【估分】下载考研万题库在线估分29.【题干】ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogres s intoday’sastronomy_____【选项】A.isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.B.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.C.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.D.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.【答案】A【解析】本题目属于细节推断题。
根据题干定位到第5段，关键词progressintoday’sastronomy再第五段中没有。
此种情况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句。
先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答。
选项C首先may是对原文asif的解读，uncover同义替换answer，theoriginofHawaiianculture是原文ourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes的同义转化。