上海高考英语新题型Summary的解题技巧—教师版

高考英语新题型解题技巧一、知识讲解知识点1：Summary的概况I.概念: a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details.II.考查内容：Summary 综合考察学生获取文章主要信息的能力、归纳总结的能力、写作的能力。

文章主1）本题总分为10分，其中内容5分，语言5分。

（初定）2）评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

3）词数超过60，酌情扣分。

2.各档次给分要求：1）内容部分A.能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息B.能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。

C.能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。

D.未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

E.几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

2）语言部分A.能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B.能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。

C.基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

D.基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

E.几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

1.知识点2：解题步骤I.Summary解题的关键在于用自己的话及有限的文字综述文章核心主旨，表达贯穿全文的大意，但切不可过于泛化。

此过程可分为三步：1.阅读，2.拟稿，3.定稿1.阅读A.标注文章段落或对文章进行分层。

B.给文章或Summary起一个标题, 一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想，避免偏题。

C.划出文章或段落主题句和关键词，并对重要部分进行简要概括。

2.拟稿A.对主题句进行修正，并使用适当连词将主题句、关键词和所概括的重要内容进行串联，组成完整的一篇Summary。

B.Summary尽量用自己的话完成，切不可加入个人观点或评论。

C. Summary必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

D. 写Summary时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2)避免重复和照搬原文，可以使用近义词或同意句型改写。

3) 对长句和段落进行压缩或总结归纳，进而简化。

如下列两例：a.“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”Summarizing：________________________________________________________________ Key:He was very brave in battle.b.He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”Summarizing：________________________________________________________________ Key: He was in financial difficulties.4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.”Summarizing：________________________________________________________________ Key:She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.”5) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”Summarizing：________________________________________________________________ Key: People have easier access to beautiful mountains like Mount Tai than before,thanks to their better financial condition and transportation service.6）使用最短的连接词。

比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。

通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。

7) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在Summary中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”Summarizing_________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Key:Kate suggested to Paul that he shouldn’t eat too much salt because it would do harm to his health and reduce the real tastes of food, but Paul insisted that salt made food tastier.3.定稿草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。

首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，Summary中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。

其次，如果Summary中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。

第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。

最后，保持语言简单明了。

I.阅读——划论点和论据结合议论文的特点，找出文章的论点和论据，并对论点句做句子成分分析II.草稿——浓缩论点和论据将文中划出的论点和论据利用句子成分分析进行缩字——写出关键句的关键成分。

然后列出。

III.定稿——用符合文章逻辑的连接词把论点及分论点连接成一篇Summary 根据原文中上下文的逻辑关系，添加或利用原文中的连接词。

把列出的内容串联起来，形成一篇小短文。

IV.确保最后的Summary在40-60字内是最好的按照题目的要求，对已完成的小短文进行适当的增加和缩字。

最后让总字数保持在50-60字之间是最好的。

V.议论文Summary开头模板：The article gives the view that …should/shouldn’t…(主题)…（补充论据）The passage highlights the importance of…The author argues that…The article outlines the（harmful）effect of…VI.例文：①In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory(法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths80 percent of their normal pay will benefitthe individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option.②The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional payroll costs(工资成本) because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone(容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.③For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate.④Finally, the option of a four day workweek will be better for individual employees.Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.1.找出文章的论点和论据，并对论点句做句子成分分析Please underline the writer’s viewpoint (VP) and the supporting points (SP1, SP2…) Key:VP：A mandatory(法定的) policy requiring companies to offer(their employees)the option(of working a four-day workweek)[for four-fifths(80 percent) of their normal pay will benefit the individual companies,the economy[as a whole]as well as the employees(who decide to take the option).]SP1：The shortened workweek will increase company profitsmore rested and alert,and as a result,they will make fewer costly errors in their work.]......[because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate].)In the end,companies will have(fewer overworked and error-prone(容易出错的))employees[for the same money],which will increase company profits.SP2：For the economy as a whole,one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is (that it will reduce unemployment rates).SP3：Finally, the option of a four day workweek will be better for individual employees.Employees(who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time)can improve the quality of their lives[by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities].2.列出论点和论据的关键成分VP:___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ SP1:___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ SP2:___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ SP3:___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Key:VP:a four-day workweek will benefit the individual companies,the economy as well asthe employees.SP1:companies will have(fewer overworked and error-prone)employees[for the same money] SP2:it will reduce unemployment ratesSP3:Employees can improve the quality of their lives3.Summarizing_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ Key:The writer argues that a four-day workweek will benefit the individual companies, the whole economy and the employees. Because the shortened workweek will keep employees rested and alert, which will make companies have fewer inefficient panies can hire more staff for the same money, which will reduce the unemployment rates. So employees can also live a better life.(58 words)3.知识点4：说明文summary的解题技巧I.阅读——划主题句和关键词标记段落，快速阅读全文，并划出每段中的主题句或关键词；II.草稿——浓缩主题句和关键词通过句子分析或添减词对关键词及主题句进行适当修改，使其符合英语语法规则和表达习惯。