华农农学院专业英语考试题目答案

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兽医专业英语试题及答案

兽医专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common symptom of canine distemper?A) FeverB) Loss of appetiteC) Both A and BD) Neither A nor B2. The term "parvovirus" refers to a virus that affects:A) DogsB) CatsC) BirdsD) Humans3. What is the primary mode of transmission for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?A) AirborneB) Direct contactC) Blood-sucking arthropodsD) Contaminated food4. The correct term for the surgical removal of the ovaries in female animals is:A) OophorectomyB) OrchiectomyC) CastrationD) Spaying5. Which of the following is a type of veterinary diagnostic imaging?A) UltrasonographyB) ThermographyC) RadiographyD) All of the above6. The abbreviation "CPV" stands for:A) Canine ParvovirusB) Chronic Pancreatitis VirusC) Canine PapillomavirusD) Canine Polyomavirus7. What is the purpose of a vaccine in veterinary medicine?A) To treat existing diseasesB) To prevent the occurrence of diseasesC) To enhance the immune systemD) To diagnose diseases8. The term "endemic" in veterinary epidemiology refers to:A) A disease that is constantly present in a particular areaB) A disease that is spreading rapidlyC) A disease that is new to a particular areaD) A disease that has been eradicated9. In veterinary medicine, the term "zoonosis" refers to a disease that is:A) Transmitted from animals to humansB) Transmitted from humans to animalsC) Unique to a particular speciesD) Caused by a deficiency in the diet10. Which of the following is a common treatment for heartworm disease in dogs?A) AntibioticsB) AntiparasiticsC) AnticoagulantsD) Antihistamines二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. The _______ is responsible for the regulation of thebody's water and electrolyte balance.2. The _______ is a type of bacteria that can cause mastitis in cows.3. A _______ is a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the intestine.4. The _______ is a blood test used to determine the presence of antibodies or antigens.5. The _______ is a common method for the artificial insemination of livestock.6. _______ is the study of the diseases of animals.7. The _______ is a vaccine that is given to prevent rabies.8. A _______ is a condition where an animal is unable to produce enough red blood cells.9. The _______ is a virus that affects the respiratory system of pigs.10. _______ is the process of identifying and treating health issues in animals.三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. What are the main differences between viral and bacterialinfections in animals?2. Describe the process of a typical veterinary physical examination.四、翻译题（每题15分，共30分）1. 将以下句子翻译成英文：- 疫苗接种是预防动物疾病的重要手段之一。

农业英语试题及答案

农业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common agricultural tool?A. TractorB. ScytheC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. What is the term for the process where plants convert sunlight into energy?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. Fermentation3. The primary purpose of crop rotation is to:A. Increase yieldB. Prevent soil depletionC. Attract pollinatorsD. Improve soil structure4. What is the main component of fertilizers used to promote plant growth?A. NitrogenB. PhosphorusC. PotassiumD. All of the above5. In agriculture, what does the term "drought" refer to?A. A prolonged period of insufficient rainfallB. A type of irrigation systemC. A method of soil preparationD. A type of crop disease6. Which of the following is not a type of greenhouse gas?A. Carbon dioxideB. MethaneC. Nitrous oxideD. Oxygen7. What is the role of bees in agriculture?A. PollinationB. Pest controlC. Soil aerationD. Crop harvesting8. The practice of organic farming involves:A. The use of synthetic pesticidesB. The use of genetically modified organismsC. The avoidance of chemical fertilizersD. The use of monoculture9. What is the term for the process of selecting and breeding plants to achieve desired traits?A. CroppingB. CultivationC. Plant breedingD. Harvesting10. The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to farming practices that:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Focus solely on crop yieldC. Are environmentally friendly and economically viableD. Rely on non-renewable resources答案：1. C2. A3. B4. D5. A6. D7. A8. C9. C10. C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The process of _______ is essential for plant growth, where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.(Answer: Photosynthesis)2. In agriculture, a _______ is a machine used for plowing and turning the soil.(Answer: Plow)3. The _______ is a period of the year when the weather is typically warm and dry, which is ideal for growing crops. (Answer: Growing season)4. The use of pesticides can sometimes lead to _______, where pests develop resistance to the chemicals.(Answer: Pesticide resistance)5. _______ farming is a method of farming that does not rely on artificial fertilizers or pesticides.(Answer: Organic)6. _______ is the process of preparing the soil for planting by removing weeds and loosening the soil.(Answer: Tilling)7. A _______ is a structure used in agriculture to protect crops from harsh weather conditions.(Answer: Greenhouse)8. The _______ is the part of a plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.(Answer: Root)9. _______ is the practice of planting different crops in the same field in successive seasons.(Answer: Crop rotation)10. _______ is a type of farming that involves the use of technology and machinery to increase efficiency.(Answer: Industrial)三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the benefits of crop rotation?(Answer: Crop rotation helps to maintain soil fertility by preventing the depletion of certain nutrients, reduces the build-up of pests and diseases specific to certain crops, and can improve soil structure.)2. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.(Answer: Integrated pest management is a strategy that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods to control pests in an environmentally friendly way, aiming to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the impact on non-target organisms.)3. What are the main challenges faced by organic farmers?(Answer: Organic farmers face challenges such as lower yields due to the absence of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, higher labor costs for manual pest control and soil management, and the need to find alternative methods for pest and disease control.)4. Describe the role of genetic modification in modern agriculture.(Answer: Genetic modification allows for the creation of crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions, can tolerate certain herbicides, and may have improved nutritional content。

华农微生物英文习题（1）

华农微生物英文习题（1）Test 1: Development of MicrobiologyMultiple Choice (choose one answer)1. The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the:■.membrane■.cell■.nucleus■.cell wallc2. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as:■.fungi■.eukaryotic■.prokaryotic■.nankaryoticc3. The three kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed by:■.Pasteur■.Bacon■.Winogradsky■.Woesed4. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composedof , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan.■.chitin■.phospholipid■.protein■.glucosaminea5. The first microscopes were developed by:■.Ehrlich■.Metchnikoff■.Leewenhoek■.Listerc6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to: ■.Lister■.Fleming■.Ehrlich■.Kochc7. The term "antibiotic" means:■.a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits othermicroorganisms■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds■.a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cellsc8. The first documented use of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physician:■.Lister■.Florey■.Fleming■.Jennerd9. Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires:■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antigens■.Flemingdevelopment of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one' s own body■.development of antigens in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodiesb10. The process of nitrification by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts:■.ammonia to nitrate ions■.nitrate ions to ammonia■.N2 to ammonia■.ammonia to ureaa11. The transfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to as:■.electroporation■.conjugation■.transformation■.transductionb12. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule:■.RNA■.DNA■.protein■.lipidbFill in the Blank1. Organisms that contain a true nucleus are called_______2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _______3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _______and the _______.4._______ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called _______.6. ______ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.7. ______ require organic compounds for growth.8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred to as______. answer9. ______ are organisms that produce methane from CO2.10. ______organisms grow under conditions of high salinity.11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four:a.______b.______c.______d.______12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the following characteristic:_______ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _______.14. Viruses consist of ______surrounded by a protein coat.15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _____.16. The theory _______of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating is called:_______ .18. The process of tyndallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_______ microorganisms from solutions.19.An _______is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_______.21. White blood cells that engulf foreign particles are referred to as______.22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as ______or ______.23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called ______ that inhibits viral replication. answer24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of ______.25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as______.26. ______ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria toanother.Test2 Methods for Studying MicroorganismsMultiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Light microscopy is dependent on the interaction of light with on object. The ability of light to pass through an object is referred to as:■.transported light■.transmitted light■.reflected light■.refracted lightb2. The resolving power (R) of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light (;~) and the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens. The formula for R is: ■.R = 0.5~. xNA■.R = 0.5;~/NA■.R = NA/0.5Jr■.R = Square root of 0.5)./NAb3. The gram stain uses ~ as a mordant to fix the primary stain:■.iodine■.alcohol■.acetone■.safranina4. The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the following organisms:■.Staphylococcus aureus■.Mycoplasma mycoides■.Mycobacteria tuberculosis■.Moraxella osloensisc5. Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of food containing bacterial spores. Which ofthe following genera are capable of producing spores?■.Salmonella■.Listeria■.Escherichia■.Clostridiad6. Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects?■.Nomarski■.TEM■.PCM■.Confocalb7. A mixture of organisms was isolated from a patient suspected of having "Strep Throat." Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspected pathogen?■.defined■.enriched■.selective■.differentiald8. Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. The correct procedure for sterilization with an autoclave is: ■.15 min at 121℃at 15 lb/in2■.15 min at 256℃at 15 lb/in2■.15 min at 121℃at 1 lb/in2■.15 rain at 121℃at 30 lb/in2a9. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you useto determine the efficacy of the antibiotic?■.direct count■.viable count■.turbidimetric count■.absorbanceb10. Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished bya number of techniques. Which of the following requires the growth of the organism?■.enzyme linked assay■.gene probe■.metabolic■.fluorescentcFill in the Blank1. A media where all the ingredients are known is called a ______media.2. ______technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination.3. Sterilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _______.4.A______ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a culture plate.5.______ identification utilizes antibodies for naming of bacterial species.6. Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or______.7. The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a ______ to measure the amountof light passing through a solution.8. The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in therange or______ to______ .9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the______ count of bacteria.10. The ______technique utilizes a labeled complementary strand of nucleic acid to identify specific bacteria in a specimen.Test 3: Organization and Structure of MicroorganismsMultiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain____as part of the lipid component of the membrane.■.phosphates■.fatty acids■.proteins■.sterolsd2. The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the:■.bilayer model■.fluid mosaic model■.trilayer model■.permeable modelb3. The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to a concentration gradient is referred to as: ■.diffusion■.osmosis■.translocation■.transportb4. The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate moleculesthat enter or exit the cell and act as a ____ barrier.■.semipermanent■.semitransparent■.semipermeable■.semidiffusec5. Movement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called:■.facilitated diffusion■.passive diffusion■.osmosis■.permeationa6. Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules without chemical alteration?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transporta7. Which of the following transport mechanism occurs only in Gram-negative bacteria?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transportd8. Which of the following transport mechanisms occurs only in prokaryotes?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transportb9. Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component;penicillin prevents its formation.■.lipopolysaccharide■.phospholipid■.peptidoglycan■.teichoic acidc10. Partial destruction of the cell wall with lysozyme leaves a cell called a:■.protoplast■.spheroplast■.periplast■.capsuleb11. A capsule can be differentiated from a slime layers since the capsule:■.is made up of complex carbohydrates and the slime layer contains protein■.is bound to the cell membrane■.is bound to the cell wall■.is bound to the outer membraned12. The chromatin of eukaryotic cells is composed of DNA and____■.histone proteins■.non histone proteins■.RNA■.ribosomesa13. DNA transfers information to make proteins in molecules referred to as:■.i RNA■.mRNA■.rRNA■.tRNAb14. Mitochondrial ribosomes are____in size.■.40S■.60S■.70S■.80Sc15. The process whereby ATP is generated by the flow of protons across a membrane is:■.substrate level phosphorylation■.chemiosmosis■.protokinesis■.glycolysisb16. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous structure within eukaryotic cells. It is the site for protein synthesis and for storage and transportation of molecules out of the cell. Which part of the ER is used for protein synthesis?■.golgi apparatus■.rough ER■.smooth ER■.microbodyb17. Flagella of bacteria are composed of protein subunits called flagellin; eukaryotic flagella are composed of subunits called:■.flagellin■.cilin■.spectrin■.tubulind18. Flagella are used to propel the cell in response to an environmental signal. Bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella can be differentiated since the formermoves by:■.rotating around its base■.pulling itself once it is attached to a surface or mate■.waving or whipping to move the cell■.twisting and releasing similar to a rubber banda19. Endospores are multilayered structures that provide protection from environmental stress and are composed of: ■.peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide■.peptidoglycan and calcium dipicolonate■.peptidoglycan and calcium bicarbonate■.lipopolysaccharide and succinic acidb20. Gram-positive bacteria can be differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria since the peptidoglycan layer of later comprises____% of the cell wall.■.90■.50■.30■.10dFill in the Blank1. Most cells use energy in the form of______ to run the cell.2. Phospholipids of eubacterial cells are composed of a ______group and a _____on a glycerol backbone.3. Membrane proteins found on the surface are called ______ proteins.4.The energy source for active transport in eukaryotes is derived from ATP.The energy for active transport in prokaryotes is derived from ______.5. The region between the outermembrane in Gram-negative bacteria and the cell wall is called the _______.6. Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria are called________.7. Ribosomes are structures composed of _______ and ______.8. The fluid inside a cell is referred to as the ________.9.The hereditary organelle of eukaryotic cells is called the ______.10. The process by which a cell engulfs and internalizes particles such as bacteria or other cells is called ______.Test 5 EukaryotesMultiple Choice (choose one answer)l. Fungi are considered heterotrophic because they obtain nutrition through:■. phagocytosis■. endocytosis■. adsorption■. photosynthesisc2. The separation between filamentous fungal cells are referred to as:■. cell walls■. septa■. chitin■. side wallsb3. Fungi that can appear as a yeast or filamentous are referred to as:■. Fungi imperfecti■. Fungi perfecti■. cheterotrophic fungi■. dimorphic fungid4. Thick walled spores formed within fungal cells are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. chlamydosporesd5. Asexual fungal spores that are formed from fragmented hyphae are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. ascospores■. chlamydosporesa6. Asexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. ascosporesb7. Sexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called:■. chlamydospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. ascosporesd8. Which of the following classes of fungi cause hypertrophy of cells similar to the bacterium A. tumifaciens?■. Oomycetes■. Ascomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetesc9. Which of the following fungi are motile by two flagella?■. Oomycetes■. Ascomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetesa10. Common bread mold is caused by Rhizopus stolonifer which is a:■. Deuteromycete■. Ascomycete■. Basidiomycete■. Zygomyceted11. Ascomycetes can be differentiated from zygomycetes since the ascomycetes have hyphae.■. septated■. aseptatedb12. Which of the following fungi have a sexual reproductive phase?■. Coccidio des■. Histoplasma■. Aspergillus■. Alternariab13. Which class of fungi do not have a sexual reproductive phase?■. Deuteromycete■. Ascomycete■. Basidiomycete■. Zygomycetea14. The cell structures of bracket fungi are referred to as:■. septa■. bas idiocarp■. anteridium■. Zygomyceta15. The toxin from which of the following mushroomsinhibits polymerase activity?■. Agaricus bisporous■. Ischnorderma resinosum■. anteridium■. Zygomyceta16. The common mushroom belongs to which group of fungi?■. Ascomycetes■. Basidiomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetesb17. Which of the following Deuteromycetes are often colored green and the conidiospores are arranged in a brush shape?■. Penicillium■. Alternaria■. Coccidiodes■. Geotrichuma18. All of the following algae are green with the exception of■. Euglena■. Volvox■. Spirogyra■. Nemaliond19. Which algae contain a red pigmented area known as the eyespot?■. Euglenoids■. Chlorophycophyta■. Rhodophycophyta■. Phaeophycophytab20. The outer layer of Euglena is called:■. cell wall■. fmstule■. pellicle■. bladec21. Xanthophyll pigments give algae a color.■. red■. blue■. yellow■. greenc22. Which of the following algae are closer phylogenetically to higher plants?■. brown algae■. yellow-green algae■. red algae■. green algaec23. The storage material, paramylon, is made in which of the following groups of algae?■. euglenoid■. red algae■. green algae■. brown algaea24. The mouth of a ciliated protozoa is called a:■. phagosome■. cytosome■. lysosome■. porosomeb25. Sarcodina are protozoa that are propelled by:■. flagella■. cilia■. pseudopodia■. they are technically nonmotileb26. Trypanosomes belong to which group of protozoa: ■. flagellates■. pseudopodia form ers■. ciliates■. spore formersa27. Plasmodium is grouped as a:■. flagellates■. pseudopodia formers■. ciliates■. spore formersd28. The mature form of spore forming protozoa are called: ■. protozoites■. sporozoites■. trophozoites■. cytozoitec29. Paramecium are classified as:■. flagellates■. pseudopodia formers■. ciliates■. spore formersc30. The resting stage of a protozoa are called:■. trophozoites■. sporozoites■. saprozoites■. cystsdFill in the Blank1. Unicellular fungi are called ______.2. Filamentous fungi form branching structures called ______.3. The most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by ______.4.Silica is found in the cell wall of ______.5. The external structures of mushrooms are referred to as _______.6. The growth of fungi can be expressed by _____.7. Red tide is caused by a toxin released by the organism, Gonyaulax, which belongs to the ______ group of fungi.8. Agar is made from this group of algae: ______.9.Trypanosoma gambiense causes the disease ______.answer10. A flagellate protozoa that can be found in mountain streams and causes diarrhea is ______.Test 6: Bacterial Growth and ReproductionMultiple Choice (choose one answer)1. In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in:■.mass■.cell size■.cell number■.cell lengthc2. DNA replication in bacteria is controlled by:■.cell size■.cell division■.cell separation■.cell initiationb3. During which phase of bacterial growth is there an increase in cell size but not in cell number?■.lag■.log■.stationary■.exponentiala4. The generation time for bacteria is determined by:■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from the time the culture was initiated until the beginning of stationary phase ■.meas uring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from lag phase to death phase ■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the end of stationary phase ■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the beginning of stationary phase d5. Most pathogenic bacteria are considered:■.psychrophiles■.mesophiles■.thermophiles■.merophilesb6. Bacteria that grow at low nutrient concentrations are referred to as:■.autotrophs■.phototrophs■.copiotrophs■.oligotrophsd7. In times of nutrient deficiencies, the bacteria Clostridium produce____until conditions are permissive for vegetative growth.■.prosthecae■.spores■.stalks■.fruiting bodiesb8. The temperature of the incubator was raised from 15~(2 to 35~(2. The cultures in the incubator demonstrated a____fold increase in enzymatic activity.■.two■.for■.eight■.twentyb9. Organisms that grow at or near their optimal growth temperature are called:■.stenothermal bacteria■.euthermal bacteria■.cauldoactive bacteria■.mesophilic bacteriac10. All of the following are toxic oxygen products except:■.02■.OH-■.H20■.H202d11. Catalase, which is produced by Staphylococci, catalyzes which of the following reactions?■.202+ 2H+ →2H202 + 02■.2H202→2H20 + 02■.H202 + NADH + H+→2H20 + NAD■.H202 + e- + H+→H2O + OH-c12. A saturated solution of NaC1 has a water activity index of:■.1.0■.0.90■.0.80■.0.70c13. Organisms that can grow at a water index at or below that of NaCI are called:■.xerotolerant■.salt tolerant■.mesotolerant■.salotoleranta14. All of the following organisms will survive an environment of 0.9 Aw except:■.Lactobacillus■.Staphylococcus■.Saccharomyces■.SpiriUumd15. Halophiles are classified as organisms that require ____for growth.■.sugar■.salt■.water■.airb16. Osmophiles require a ____Aw for growth.■.low■.highb17. The pressure exerted on a cell due to high solute concentrations is referred to as:■.osmotic pressure■.hydrostatic pressu re■.barometric pressure■.surface tensiona18. A diver encountered a new bacterial isolate while she was diving at 1000 m. The organism will be classified as:■.marine■.barotolerant■.barophilic■.normald19. Fungi can be differentiated from most bacteria by culturing at:■.marine■.low pH■.neutral pHb20. All phototacfic bacteria respond to light by:■.moving away from the source of light■.moving toward the source of light■.increasing the movement of their flagella■.creating gas vesicles to rise to the surfacedFill in the Blank1. Organisms that grow best above 40oC are called______.2. Organisms that grow best below 20oC are called______.3. Organisms that grow best between 20 and 40oC are called ______.4.Myxobacteria form unique structures called ______ to cope with nutrient deficiencies.5. Bacteria that grow only at reduced oxygen concentrations are called _______.6. Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called_____.7. Bacteria that grow at high nutrient concentrations are called ______.8. Caulobacter is an example of a ______ bacteria.9.At temperatures above the optimum, E. coli and other bacteria induce a change in gene expression called______.10. A change in hydrostatic pressure of 10 atm is experiencewith an increase in depth of ______ m.Test 7 Control of Microbial GrowthMultiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Chemicals used on the body to control microorganisms are called:■.antiseptics■.disinfectants■.antibiotics■.chemotherapeutica2. The most effective way of sterilizing a solution is by:■.incineration■.pasteurization■.filtration■.moist heatd3. An autoclave is an apparatus that is used to sterilize various materials. The appropriate conditions for sterilizing contaminated material is given by which of the following: ■.15 min at 121℃at lpsi■.5 min at 121℃at 15 psi■.15 min at 121℃at 15 psi■.5 min at 131℃at 15 psic4. All of the following are an effect of ionizing radiation except:■.breaks hydrogen bonds■.thymine dimer formation■.generates oxygen radic als■.ring structure destructionb5. A hyperbaric chamber would be useful for treating infections caused by which of the following genera:■.Treponema■.Chlamydia■.Campylobacter■.Clostridiad6. Agents that are used to inhibit bacterial growth are considered:■.bacteriocidal■.bacteriostatic■.antiseptics■.disinfectantsb7. The term used to describe substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microorganisms are called:■.antimicrobics■.antibiotics■.chemotherapeutic agents■.antisepticsb8. Antibiotics must exhibit which of the following to be effective:■.narrow spectrum■.broad spectrum■.selective toxicity■.bacteriocidalc9. Which of the following tests utilizes an antibiotic impregnated disk to test for the efficacy of the antibiotic?■.MIC■.MBC■.Mueller-Hinton■.Kirby-Bauerd10. The MIC assay can determine if an antibiotic agent is:■.bacteriocidal■.bacteriostatic■.aandb■.none of the aboveb11. Penicillins are effective against:■.cells in log phase■.cells in stationary phase■.cells in eclipse phase■.all bacterial cellsa12. Penicillinases inhibit the activity of penicillins by which of the following mechanisms:■.break N. acetylglucosamine:N-acetylmuramic acid bonds ■.break the peptidiglycan■.break the bet a lactam ring。

华农外教期末考试题目(附参考解答)

1.Do you think we should worry about the environment?I think we should not worry too much about the environment, but we are supposed to care about it. It just like our body, we care about our health, many people will run every evening, they go to the gym to become fit and strong, they eat vegetable and fruit for health, andthe problem of environment is big and complex, it contains many aspects, but it’s also small and simple, because it just like the body of every one of us, as long as we care about the environment like we care about our health, we pay more attention to it, do something every day, like use less one-off items, don’t litter the battery and so on. We all know how to do, and we just need more attention, it’s not about worry, but about love and care2.What causes poverty?For a person, I think the reason is they are lazy, they can’t insist on what they want, and they are coward, when the opportunity comes, they always sit in there and wait, but did not try to seize it, which lead to the absence of their ability, the poverty in mind result in the poverty in economy. For the whole society or a country, I think the reason is complex, and some are historical reason, take China for example, before China’s founding, the world war and anti-Japanese war make China lost many people and money, and after China’s founding, the cultural revolution make China’ economy go backwards at least 20 years. Also the lack of welfare and education is important reason, without the welfare, the poor guys lose the life guarantee, and many poor children don’t have a equal opportunity to receive education, and it becomes a bad cycle, and make the poverty more serious.3.Do you think women are discriminated against?To some extent, yes. Take China for example, many parents prefer to have a boy but not girl, because they think a married daughter is just like water has been poured and she doesn’t belongs to her parents any more. And during work, some company will discriminate the pregnant women,They might miss the opportunity or be replaced for they gave birth to a child and have a holiday. And sexual harassment is also a discrimination, it’s a disrespect to them. But I think maybe these thing still happen but our awareness are changing andman y people are working hard for it, like Emma Watson’s speech called “HeForS he”, and everything is getting better.4.What do you think about the one child policy?In my opinion, Itotally support this policy. Maybe giving birth to a child is a right to the parents, but considering the China nation condition, currently there are 1.4 billion people in China, and if the country don’t control the growth of population, it will become horrible and bring the environment more pressure, the problem of society will be amplified, food and other resource will be limited, so I think the one child policy is indispensable for now, but it’s just a temporary policy, along with social development, the policy will be change.5.Are illegal drugs a problem in China?Yes.the problem is st ill serious. And it’s still serious, one of the reason is that China neighbor the Golden Triangle, which is main opium producing area in the world, so many illegal drugs will flow into China. Furthermore, it’s new thing for youth and attract them, once they take drugs, it’s really hard for them to get rid of. Recently some news is also reported that some stars took drugs and caught like Jackie Chen’s son. And the benefit of selling drugs is attractive, making them a millionaire for just several month, so many people prefer to take that risk to sell drug and it’s hard ban thoroughly. So it’s still a serious problem for China.6.What can we do about pollution?About the pollution, there are still many things we can do. About 4 years ago, the classification garbage can was set on the street and in the school In China. But for now, these garbage can has lost its function it supposed to be. Classification is just a simple behavior, but it can recycle about 30% garbage, it’s what we can do. Somebody think that the pollution mainly cause by industry, but actually, according to a report, the Domestic pollution account for about 59% of total amount of pollution. So saving water and food, avoid using the one-off items to reduce waste is also important for environment. And talking about industry, we can also do something, when we find some factories discharge the polluted water or harmful gas, we can make a call to report to relevant department, it’s simple, but it’s effective.7.Should the government help poor people?Of course yes. Because I think many people become wealthy doesn’t mean the society do so, only when the poor people have more money to keep their life, our society can become prosperous. Besides, gap between wealthy and poor is still serious, which will cause the dissatisfaction of poor people and harm to social stability. So considering the social harmony, the government are supposed to help poor people.8.Should rich people help poor people?Yes. In my opinion, whether China or the west, helping each other is advocated. it’s a moral excellence. And obviously, the rich people have more money and influence power, they have more capacity to help the poor guys, they can use their money and power to create more chance for poor people. and maybe it’s al so a social responsibility for them, they become rich not only for their hard work but also depend on the whole society, so they are supposed to take that responsibility in return. So I think the rich people should help the poor people.9.Why are there so many wars?I think some wars happen because of the religion, but it’s very few, the most radical, important reason of war is the conflict of interest. There areno permanent friend between two countries but permanent interests. So countries need to warring to grab interests or protect interests. Take the war in Iraq as example, why the America pay a heavy price to attack Iraq, they said it’s for anti-terrorism, but maybe oil reserves in Iraq is the more important reason, so as long as the interests exist, it’s hard to stop the war.10.Should rich countries help poor ones?Yes. In my opinion, the rich countries do need to offer some help to the poor ones. To some extent, rich countries should take that international responsibility, they are not only help the country but also help millions of poor people, it’s humanitarianism. But as an old saying goes,a country does not have permanent friends, only permanent interests. And the help is helpful for two countries to build a closer relationship, which is also a chance for the rich countries to develop its foreigntrade. And this relationship also create more communication between two countries and make the common prosperity.11.What do you think about the death penalty for serious crimes?In my opinion, death penalty should be abolished because I think the penalty was to stop the crime and reduce the similar crime as a warn, so putting in prison is enough for these purpose.And death penalty is to kill a people, no matter he is criminal or normal person, life is precious and nobody can take one person’s life, and it’s also a crime too. besides, it’s hard to avoid that the court will also has the wrong judgement and some people are wronged, once the death penalty was executed, it can’t be redeem any more. So I totally hope to the death penalty can be abolished.12.What do you think about beggars?In my opinion, if the beggar has the ability to earn his life, he should not to choose to beg to earn his living. And people are not supposed to give them money because it won’t really help them but make them rely more on people’s giving. But if the beggar can’t earn his living by his own for he is disabled or too old to work, I will give money to them, and I will feel pity for them and feel sad for our country because it mean the country still lack the guarantee for people’s fundamental life, which force them to beg, so in this respect, if we hope the beggar would lessen, the country need to do more.。

华南农业大学《高级英语写作（2）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

《高级英语写作（2）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、I owe my current success to David, my best friend since childhood, without whom I have no idea where I ________ today.A．am B．wasC．would have been D．would be2、That children ______meet with setbacks is a matter of necessity as they_____, so parentsdon’t worry about that.A．shall; grew up B．must；grew up C．can; grow up D．will; grow up3、—What did she want to know, Tom?—She wondered we could complete the experimentA．when was it that B．it was when thatC．it was when D．when it was that4、In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.，many people havegone home.A．whose time B．thatC．on which D．by which time5、The young man, ________ in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.A．catching B．caught.C．having caught D．to be caught6、－What does the sign over there read?－“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”A．will B．shallC．may D．mustA．to thank B．thankingC．having thanked D．to have thanked8、As teachers we shouldn’t accept the arg ument given by some people _______ standardized tests restrict educators too much and take the joy out of teaching.A．where B．whatC．how D．that9、He always keeps an eye on shortcomings of his brother’s _________ refusing to admit his own mistakes.A．but B．whileC．although D．though10、---Where is the plane？I can't see it.---It went off its ________________ to keep away from the sudden storm.A．course B．roadC．flight D．direction第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

华农高英试卷

华农高英试卷(A)听录音，选择你所听到的内容。

M: Hello, Mrs. White, what can I do for you?W: I don't know what's the matter with me?I'm always feeling tiredIm usually worn out at the end of the dayQ: What do we learn from the conversation?1、beautiful2、minute3、than4、was5、catch6、police station7、short 8、Run along the road(B)听句子，选出相应的应答句，并将其序号填入题前的括号内。

W: Mary is always complaining about her job.M: Maybe if you try typing letters every day, you'd see what it's like.Q: What does the man mean?1、Which boy is Mike?2、Do the boys run faster than the girls in your class?3、Excuse mewhere is Zhongshan park?4、Who runs faster,Su Yang or Su Hai?5、What's in the bag?(C)根据听到的对话及问题，选择正确的答语。

M: The music is so beautiful that I'd like to dance.But I don't know the steps .W: It doesn't matter. No one will be looking at us in his crowd. Q: What does the woman suggest they do?1、A:Can I help you?B:Yes,I'd like some sweets.How much are they? A:Thirteen yuan.B:OKIll take it.Here’s twenty yuan A:Here's the change.Q:How much is the change?2、A:Helenis this your ruler?B:No,this is Mike’s rulerMine is shorter than his Q:Whose ruler is shorter,Mikes or Helen's?3、A:Who is the woman in redHelen?B:She is my aunt.She is forty.My mother is two years older than her Q:How old is Helenmother?4、A:Where are you from,Mr Black? B:I'm from the USA.Q:Where is Mr Black from?5、AIs the shopping centre far from here?B:No,it's just at the first crossingQ:Which crossing is the shopping centre at?Q:Which crossing is the shopping centre at?(D)根据录音，填入所缺单词。

学位英语试卷华农

学位英语试卷华农1、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] * A．problemB．question(正确答案)C．doorD．plan2、30．I want to find ______ and make much money. [单选题] *A．worksB．jobC．a job(正确答案)D．a work3、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that4、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)5、18．Who is staying at home now? ________, all of them are out. [单选题] *A．NoneB．No one(正确答案)C．EveryoneD．Nothing6、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple7、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance8、( )He gave us____ on how to keep fit. [单选题] *A. some advicesB. some advice(正确答案)C. an adviceD. a advice9、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)10、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)11、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour12、46．The pants look cool.You can ________. [单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them13、It’s raining heavily outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops. [单选题] *A. whileB. sinceC. until(正确答案)D. when14、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)15、I _____ of her since she left school three years ago. [单选题] *A. didn’t hearB. haven’t heard(正确答案)C. was not hearingD. shall not heard16、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to17、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion18、We sent our children to school to prepare them for the time _____ they will have to work for themselves. [单选题] *A. thatB. when(正确答案)C. whileD. as19、All he _______ was a coat. [单选题] *A. had on(正确答案)B. had toC. had a restD. had a good time20、He spoke too fast, and we cannot follow him. [单选题] *A. 追赶B. 听懂(正确答案)C. 抓住D. 模仿21、We will _______ Mary this Sunday. [单选题] *A. call on(正确答案)B. go onC. keep onD. carry on22、There is a bank ______ the street. [单选题] *A. on the end ofB. in the end ofC. at the end of(正确答案)D. by the end of23、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)24、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or asmaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)25、Mr. White likes to live in a _______ place. [单选题] *A. quiteB. quiet(正确答案)C. quickD. quietly26、In fact, Beethoven did something brave than dying. [单选题] *A. 勇敢(正确答案)B. 冒险C. 可怕D. 奇妙27、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientC.validD.effective(正确答案)28、Look at those black clouds! Take ______ umbrella or ______ raincoat with you. （）[单选题] *A. a; anB. an; a(正确答案)C. an; anD. a; a29、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of30、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．change。

大学英语写作(华南农业大学)智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年

第一章测试1.English is a reader-responsible language. （）A:错B:对答案:A2.Chinese is a writer-responsible language. （）A:对B:错答案:B3.English writing should be clear, direct and unambiguous. （）A:对B:错答案:A4.In reader-responsible languages, the reader is responsible for understanding the conte nt of the writing, which is often not stated explicitly. （）A:错B:对答案:B5.The introductory paragraph of an essay should provide the central idea, the thesis of the essay. （）A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.Your first step in writing is to write the thesis out as a single sentence in the introductory paragraph.（）A:对B:错答案:A2.The thesis statement is the central idea of a paragraph.（）A:对B:错答案:B3.The thesis statement includes two parts: a topic and the writer’s point aboutthe topic. （）A:对B:错答案:A4.The following sentence can be a thesis statement: the subject of my paper is family love. （）A:错B:对答案:A5. A good thesis is an announcement. （）A:错B:对答案:A第三章测试1. A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. （）A:对B:错答案:A2.The first sentence usually states the main idea of the paragraph, which is called the topic sentence. （）A:错B:对答案:B3.In English and Chinese essays, a paragraph is a logical unit and can only dealwith one main idea. （）A:错B:对答案:A4.There are mainly two ways to support a paragraph: examples and statistics.（）A:错B:对答案:B5.Each sentence in the body paragraph should clearly support the topic sentence. （）A:错B:对答案:B第四章测试1.Freewriting means writing down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic. （）A:错B:对答案:B2.You should pay attention to errors in spelling, grammar and punctuation in your freewriting. （）A:错B:对答案:A3.In questioning, you generate ideas and details by asking questions about your subject. （）A:错B:对答案:B4.In outlining, also known as brainstorming, you collect ideas and details that relate to your subject. （）A:错B:对答案:A5.An outline should include a thesis statement, major supporting points and the order of these points. （）A:错B:对答案:B第五章测试1.What way is used in writing the following lead-in（）？ What is love? How do we know that we are really in love? When we meet that special person, how can we tell that our feelings are genuine and n ot merely infatuation? And, if they are genuine, will these feelings last? Love, as we all know, is difficult to define. But most people agree that true and lasti ng love involves far more than mere physical attraction. Love involves mutua l respect, the desire to give rather than take, and the feeling of being wholly a t ease.A:use a quotationB:give a definitionC:show statisticsD:ask a questionE:offer relevant examples, facts or reports答案:D2.What way is used in writing the following lead-in?（）。

华南农业大学珠江学院《专业英语（通信）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

站名：年级专业：姓名：学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。

…………………………密………………………………封………………………………线…………………………华南农业大学珠江学院《专业英语（通信）》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、--- How about ______ plan to open a branch? --- I should say it was ______ failure. A ．a; a B ．a; / C ．the; / D ．the; a2、--When will you come home for dinner? I ’ll prepare it for you. --Don’t ________ it. I’ll eat out with my friends. A ．care about B ．worry about C ．bother about D ．talk about3、According to The Sun, British scientists have solved the ancient riddle of ________ came first —chicken or egg? A ．who B ．what C ．which D ．that4、. Some people say more but do less ______ others do the opposite. A ．once B ．when C ．while D ．as5、—Steve, the vacation is coming soon ．Have you found a summer job yet？ —I suppose I can work at the boy’s camp _____ I worked last summe r ． A ．that B ．where C ．whichD ．what6、Some people create jobs, foster excitement and basically make the system work. They see possibilities ________ others see only problems. A ．that B ．what C ．which D ．where7、If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________．A ．noneB ．someC ．manyD ．nothing8、I guess ________ impresses me most about his painting is the colors he uses. A ．whoB ．whichC ．thatD ．what9、Don’t leave the water ______while you bru sh your teeth. A ．racing B ．rushing C ．running D ．rolling10、----What happened to the young trees we planted last week ？ ---The trees_____________ well ，but I didn't water them. A ．might grow B ．needn't have grown C ．would grow D ．would have grown第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

华农英语题库 12

B. applied for
C. called for
D. contributed to
是否存疑
31.The teacher suggested that her students _________________ experiences with ESP.(2分)
A. write a composition on their
A. Which
B. As
C. Why
D. Where
是否存疑
24.Chan’s restaurant on Baker’s street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.(2分)
A. that
B. which
C. who
A. found out
B. to find out
C. finding out
D. to find
是否存疑
4.More than 60 percent of world’s radio programmes ____ in English.(2分)
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. be
是否存疑
A. hundreds
B. hundred
C. a hundred
D. two hundreds
是否存疑
13.He is one of the students who , I am sure, always do ______ best.(2分)
A. his
B. one's
C. my
D. their
是否存疑
35.No boy and no girl ________ waiting for the bus.(2分)

华中农业食品学院英语慕课答案

华中农业食品学院英语慕课答案1、My dog is very _______. It is safe to touch it if you want to. [单选题] *A. luckyB. deliciousC. friendly(正确答案)D. helpful2、Words are windows（）you can look into the past. [单选题] *A. through which(正确答案)B. through thatC. whichD. whose3、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)4、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another5、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with6、--What’s the weather like today?--It’s _______. [单选题] *A. rainB. windy(正确答案)C. sunD. wind7、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)8、Don’t _______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worry(正确答案)B. worried aboutC. worry aboutD. worried9、74．In England people drive________. [单选题] * A．on the left(正确答案)B．in the leftC．on leftD．in left10、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off11、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as12、The soldiers would rather die than give in. [单选题] *A. 呈交B. 放弃C. 泄露D. 投降(正确答案)13、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until14、This kind of banana tastes very _______. [单选题] *A. nice(正确答案)B. wellC. nicelyD. better15、Before you quit your job, （）how your family will feel about your decision. [单选题] *A. consider(正确答案)B. consideringC. to considerD. considered16、--Could you please tell me _______ to get to the nearest supermarket?--Sorry, I am a stranger here. [单选题] *A. whatB. how(正确答案)C. whenD. why17、In 2019 we moved to Boston,（）my grandparents are living. [单选题] *A. whoC. where(正确答案)D. for which18、David ______ at home when I called at seven o’clock yesterday evening. （）[单选题] *A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. wasn’t(正确答案)D. isn’t19、____ of my parents has been to my school, so they know _____ of my classmates. [单选题] *A. Neither, none(正确答案)B. No one, noneC. None, no oneD. Neither, no one20、23．Susan doesn’t like cartoons. She would rather ______ Space War”. [单选题] *A．see (正确答案)B．seesC．seeing21、_____ the project, we'll have to work two more weeks. [单选题] *A. CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD.To complete(正确答案)22、My father?is _______ flowers. [单选题] *A. busy watering(正确答案)B. busy waterC. busy with wateringD. busy with water23、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair24、6．Hi, boys and girls. How are you ________ your posters for the coming English Festival at school? [单选题] *A．getting onB．getting offC．getting with (正确答案)D．getting25、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does26、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment27、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)28、45．—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．with; forB．for; on(正确答案)C．to; onD．for; in29、44．—Hi, Lucy. You ________ very beautiful in the new dress today.—Thank you very much. [单选题] *A．look(正确答案)B．watchC．look atD．see30、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)。

华农微生物题库(英文)22page

Test 1: Development of Microbiology ■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the:■.membrane ■.cell■.nucleus ■.cell wall2. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as:■.fungi ■.eukaryotic■.prokaryotic ■.nankaryotic3. The three kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed by:■.Pasteur ■.Bacon■.Winogradsky ■.Woese4. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composed of , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan.■.chitin ■.phospholipid■.protein ■.glucosamine5. The first microscopes were developed by: ■.Ehrlich ■.Metchnikoff■.Leewenhoek ■.Lister6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to:■.Lister ■.Fleming■.Ehrlich ■.Koch7. The term "antibiotic" means:■.a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds■.a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms ■.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells8. The first documented use of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physician:■.Lister ■.Florey■.Fleming ■.Jenner9. Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires:■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies ■.development of antibodies in one's own body by stimulation with external antigens ■.development of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one' s own body■.development of antigens in one's own body by stimulation with external antibodies10. The process of nitrification by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts:■.ammonia to nitrate ions■.nitrate ions to ammonia■.N2 to ammonia ■.ammonia to urea 11. The transfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to as:■.electroporation ■.conjugation■.transformation ■.transduction 12. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule:■.RNA ■.DNA■.protein ■.lipid■Fill in the Blank1. Organisms that contain a true nucleus are called_______2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _______3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _______and the _______.4._______ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called _______.6. ______ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.7. ______ require organic compounds for growth.8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred to as______.9. __ ____ are organisms that produce methane from CO2.10. ______organisms grow under conditions of high salinity.11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a.______ b.______c.______d.______12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the following characteristic:_______ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _______.14. Viruses consist of ______surrounded by a protein coat.15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _____.16. The theory _______of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating is called:_______ .18. The process of tyndallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_______ microorganisms from solutions.19.An _______is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_______.21. White blood cells that engulf foreign particles are referred to as______.22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as ______or ______.23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called ______ that inhibits viral replication.24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of ______.25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as______.26. ______ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another.■Matchingl. Francis Bacon a. phagocytosis2. Anton Leeuwenhoek b. antibody3. Paul Ehrlich c. nitrification4. Hans Gram d. immunization5. Louis Pasteur e. three kingdom classification based on rRNA6. Robert Koch f. structure of DNA7. Joseph Lister g. first microscope8. Alexander Fleming h. conjugation or transduction9. Edward Jenner i. differential stain for bacteria10. Eli Metchnikoff j. interferon11. Emil von Behring k. rabies vaccine12. Alick Isaacs 1. penicillin13. Sergei Winogradsky m. antiseptic technique14. Joshua Lederberg n. established that bacteria can cause disease15. Watson and Crick o. magic bullet16. Carl Woese p. scientific method1.p2.g3.o4.i5.k6.n7.m8.l9.d 10.a 11.b 12.j 13.c 14.h 15.f 16.e Test 2: Methods for Studying Microorganisms■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Light microscopy is dependent on the interaction of light with on object. The ability of light to pass through an object is referred to as:■.transported light ■.transmitted light ■.reflected light ■.refracted light2. The resolving power (R) of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light (;~) and the numerical aperture (NA) of the lens. The formula for R is:■.R = 0.5~. xNA■.R = 0.5;~/NA■.R = NA/0.5Jr■.R = Square root of 0.5)./NA3. The gram stain uses ~ as a mordant to fix the primary stain:■.iodine ■.alcohol■.acetone ■.safranin4. The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the following organisms:■.Staphylococcus aureus■.Mycoplasma mycoides■.Mycobacteria tuberculosis■.Moraxella osloensis5. Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of food containing bacterial spores. Which of the following genera are capable of producing spores?■.Salmonella ■.Listeria■.Escherichia ■.Clostridia 6. Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects?■.Nomarski ■.TEM■.PCM ■.Confocal7. A mixture of organisms was isolated froma patient suspected of having "Strep Throat." Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspected pathogen?■.defined ■.enriched■.selective ■.differential8. Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. The correct procedure for sterilization with an autoclave is:■.15 min at 121℃at 15 lb/in2■.15 min at 256℃at 15 lb/in2■.15 min at 121℃at 1 lb/in2■.15 rain at 121℃at 30 lb/in29. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you use to determine the efficacy of the antibiotic?■.direct count ■.viable count■.turbidimetric count ■.absorbance 10. Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished by a number of techniques. Which of the following requires the growth of the organism?■.enzyme linked assay■.gene probe■.metabolic ■.fluorescent■Fill in the Blank1. A media where all the ingredients are known is called a ______media.2. ______technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination.3. Sterilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _______.4.A______ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a culture plate.5.______ identification utilizes antibodies for naming of bacterial species.6. Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or______.7. The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a ______ to measure the amountof light passing through a solution.8. The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in the range or______ to______ .9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the______ count of bacteria.10. The ______technique utilizes a labeled complementary strand of nucleic acid to identify specific bacteria in a specimen.■MatchingMatching I:l. Primary stain for gram stain a. Negative stain2. Stains bacterial cell b. Carbohl fuchsin3. Used to fix stain c. Crystal violet4. Decolorize d. Malachite green5. Spore stain e. Safranin6. Acid-fast stain f. Positive stain7. Gram- bacteria take up this counterstain g. Alcohol8. Stains background h. MordantMatching II:1. Media used to inhibit growth of unwanted organisms a. Enrichment2. Media where all components are not known b. Selective3. Media used to contrast organisms on same plate c. Differential4. Media used to enhance growth d. ComplexMatching I: 1.c 2.f. 3.h 4.g 5.d. 6. b 7.e 8.aMatching II: 1.b 2.d 3 .c 4.aTest 3: Organization and Structure of Microorganisms■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain____as part of the lipid component of the membrane.■.phosphates ■.fatty acids■.proteins ■.sterols2. The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the:■.bilayer model■.fluid mosaic model■.trilayer model■.permeable model3. The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to a concentration gradient is referred to as:■.diffusion ■.osmosis■.translocation ■.transport4. The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate molecules that enter or exit the cell and act as a ____ barrier.■.semipermanent■.semitransparent■.semipermeable■.semidiffuse5. Movement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called:■.facilitated diffusion■.passive diffusion■.osmosis■.permeation6. Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules without chemical alteration?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transport7. Which of the following transport mechanism occurs only in Gram-negative bacteria?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transport8. Which of the following transport mechanisms occurs only in prokaryotes?■.active transport■.group translocation■.facilitated diffusion■.binding protein transport9. Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component;penicillin prevents its formation.■.lipopolysaccharide■.phospholipid■.peptidoglycan■.teichoic acid10. Partial destruction of the cell wall with lysozyme leaves a cell called a:■.protoplast ■.spheroplast■.periplast ■.capsule11. A capsule can be differentiated from a slime layers since the capsule:■.is made up of complex carbohydrates and the slime layer contains protein■.is bound to the cell membrane■.is bound to the cell wall■.is bound to the outer membrane 12. The chromatin of eukaryotic cells is composed of DNA and____■.histone proteins■.non histone proteins■.RNA■.ribosomes13. DNA transfers information to make proteins in molecules referred to as:■.iRNA ■.mRNA■.rRNA ■.tRNA14. Mitochondrial ribosomes are____in size.■.40S ■.60S■.70S ■.80S15. The process whereby ATP is generated by the flow of protons across a membrane is:■.substrate level phosphorylation■.chemiosmosis■.protokinesis■.glycolysis16. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous structure within eukaryotic cells. It is the site for protein synthesis and for storage and transportation of molecules out of the cell. Which part of the ER is used for protein synthesis?■.golgi apparatus ■.rough ER■.smooth ER ■.microbody 17. Flagella of bacteria are composed of protein subunits called flagellin; eukaryotic flagella are composed of subunits called:■.flagellin ■.cilin■.spectrin ■.tubulin18. Flagella are used to propel the cell in response to an environmental signal. Bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella can be differentiated since the former moves by:■.rotating around its base■.pulling itself once it is attached to a surface or mate■.waving or whipping to move the cell■.twisting and releasing similar to a rubber band19. Endospores are multilayered structures that provide protection from environmental stress and are composed of:■.peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide■.peptidoglycan and calcium dipicolonate ■.peptidoglycan and calcium bicarbonate ■.lipopolysaccharide and succinic acid20. Gram-positive bacteria can be differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria since the peptidoglycan layer of later comprises____% of the cell wall.■.90 ■.50■.30 ■.10■Fill in the Blank1. Most cells use energy in the form of______ to run the cell.2. Phospholipids of eubacterial cells are composed of a ______group and a _____on a glycerol backbone.3. Membrane proteins found on the surface are called ______ proteins.4.The energy source for active transport in eukaryotes is derived from ATP.The energy for active transport in prokaryotes is derived from ______.5. The region between the outermembrane in Gram-negative bacteria and the cell wall is called the _______.6. Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria are called________.7. Ribosomes are structures composed of _______ and ______.8. The fluid inside a cell is referred to as the ________.9.The hereditary organelle of eukaryotic cells is called the ______.10. The process by which a cell engulfs and internalizes particles such as bacteria or other cells is called ______.■Matchingl. prokaryotes a. hook and basal body2. eukaryotes b. end of cell3. hydrophobic c. microtubles4. hydrophilic d. pill5. permease e. eukaryotes6. eubacteria f. surrounding cell7. archeobacteria g. 9 + 2 arrangement8. cellulose h. prokaryotes9. chitin i. fatty acid10. circular chromosome j. algae11.linear chromosome k. transport protein12. 70 S ribosomes 1. lack organelles13. 80 S ribosomes m. posses nucleus14. polar flagella n. water loving15. peritrichous flagella o. fungi16.bacterial flagella p. L-amino acids17. eukaryotic flagella q. D-amino acids18. fimbria19. cilia20. cytoskeleton1.l2.m,j,o3.n4.i5.k6.p7.q8.j9.o 10.h 11.e,j,o 12.h,j,o 13.e 14.b 15.f 16.a 17.g 18.d 19.e 20.cTest 4 : Prokaryotes■Genus Match: (Match the Genus with the Appropriate Group)Match the Genus with the Appropriate Group:l. Spirochete a. Halococcus2. Gm- aerobic, motile, vibroid b. Clostridium3. Gm- aerobic cocci c. VeiUonella4. Gm- facultative rod d. Caulobacter5. Gm- anerobic rod e. Treponema6. Gm- anaerobic cocci f. Myxococcus7. Budding/appendaged g. Streptococcus8. Fruiting body h. Pyrobaculum9. Gm+ cocci i. Campylobacter10. Gm+ rods (no spores) j. Methanococcus11. Gm+ rods (endospores) k. Listeria12. Gm+ irregular rod 1. Bacteroides13. Halophile m. Neisseria14. Thermophile n. Salmonella15. Methanogen o. Corynebacterial.e 2.I 3.m 4.n 5.1 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.g 10.k ll.b 12.o 13.a 14.h 15.j■Characteristic Match: (Match the Characteristic with the Appropriate Genus or Group) Match the Characteristic with the Appropriate Genus or Group:l. Borrelia a. sulfur reducing2. Helicobacter b. acid fast3. Shigella c. Gm+ rod, aerobic, endospores4. Desulfovibrio d. gliding5. Chlamydia e. psedomurein6. Anabaena f. cyanobacteria7. Chemolithotrophic g. helical rod, no central fibrils8. Caulobacter h. helical rod, central fibrils9. Cytophaga i. filamentous10. Staphylococcus j. obligate intracellular parasite11. Bacillus k. Gm+ cocci in clusters12. Actimomycetes 1. Enterobacteriacea13. Mycoplasma m. Nitrobacter14. Mycobacteria n. prosthecae15. Methanogen o. fried egg1.h2.g3.14.a5.j6.f7.m8.n9.d 10.k 11.c 12.f 13.o 14.b 15.eTest 5: Eukaryotes■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)l. Fungi are considered heterotrophic because they obtain nutrition through:■. phagocytosis■. endocytosis■. adsorption■. photosynthesis2. The separation between filamentous fungal cells are referred to as:■. cell walls■. septa■. chitin■. side walls3. Fungi that can appear as a yeast or filamentous are referred to as:■. Fungi imperfecti■. Fungi perfecti■. cheterotrophic fungi■. dimorphic fungi4. Thick walled spores formed within fungal cells are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. chlamydospores5. Asexual fungal spores that are formed from fragmented hyphae are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. ascospores■. chlamydospores6. Asexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called:■. arthrospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. ascospores7. Sexual fungal spores formed within a sac-like structure are called:■. chlamydospores■. sporangiospores■. blastospores■. ascospores8. Which of the following classes of fungi cause hypertrophy of cells similar to the bacterium A. tumifaciens?■. Oomycetes■. Ascomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetes9. Which of the following fungi are motile by two flagella?■. Oomycetes■. Ascomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetes10. Common bread mold is caused by Rhizopus stolonifer which is a:■. Deuteromycete■. Ascomycete■. Basidiomycete■. Zygomycete11. Ascomycetes can be differentiated from zygomycetes since the ascomycetes have hyphae.■. septated■. aseptated12. Which of the following fungi have a sexual reproductive phase?■. Coccidiodes■. Histoplasma■. Aspergillus■. Alternaria13. Which class of fungi do not have a sexual reproductive phase?■. Deuteromycete■. Ascomycete■. Basidiomycete■. Zygomycete14. The cell structures of bracket fungi are referred to as:■. septa■. basidiocarp■. anteridium■. Zygomycet15. The toxin from which of the following mushrooms inhibits polymerase activity?■. Agaricus bisporous■. Ischnorderma resinosum■. anteridium■. Zygomycet16. The common mushroom belongs to which group of fungi?■. Ascomycetes■. Basidiomycetes■. Chytridiomycetes■. Deuteromycetes17. Which of the following Deuteromycetes are often colored green and the conidiospores are arranged in a brush shape?■. Penicillium■. Alternaria■. Coccidiodes■. Geotrichum18. All of the following algae are green withthe exception of■. Euglena ■. V olvox■. Spirogyra ■. Nemalion19. Which algae contain a red pigmented area known as the eyespot?■. Euglenoids■. Chlorophycophyta■. Rhodophycophyta■. Phaeophycophyta20. The outer layer of Euglena is called:■. cell wall ■. fmstule■. pellicle ■. blade21. Xanthophyll pigments give algae a color.■. Red ■. blue■. yellow ■. green22. Which of the following algae are closer phylogenetically to higher plants?■. brown algae■. yellow-green algae■. red algae■. green algae23. The storage material, paramylon, is made in which of the following groups of algae?■. euglenoid ■. red algae■. green algae ■. brown algae 24. The mouth of a ciliated protozoa is called a: ■. Phagosome ■. cytosome■. lysosome ■. porosome25. Sarcodina are protozoa that are propelled by: ■. Flagella ■. cilia■. pseudopodia■. they are technically nonmotile 26. Trypanosomes belong to which group of protozoa:■. Flagellates ■. pseudopodia formers ■. ciliates ■. spore formers27. Plasmodium is grouped as a:■. flagellates■. pseudopodia formers■. ciliates ■. spore formers 28. The mature form of spore forming protozoa are called:■. protozoites ■. sporozoites■. trophozoites ■. cytozoite29. Paramecium are classified as:■. flagellates■. pseudopodia formers■. ciliates■. spore formers30. The resting stage of a protozoa are called:■. Trophozoites ■. sporozoites■. saprozoites ■. cysts■Fill in the Blank1. Unicellular fungi are called ______.2. Filamentous fungi form branching structures called ______.3. The most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by ______.4.Silica is found in the cell wall of ______.5. The external structures of mushrooms are referred to as _______.6. The growth of fungi can be expressed by _____.7. Red tide is caused by a toxin released by the organism, Gonyaulax, which belongs to the ______ group of fungi.8. Agar is made from this group of algae: ______.9.Trypanosoma gambiense causes the disease ______.10. A flagellate protozoa that can be found in mountain streams and causes diarrhea is ______.Test 6: Bacterial Growth and Reproduction■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in: ■.mass ■.cell size ■.cell number ■.cell length2. DNA replication in bacteria is controlled by:■.cell size ■.cell division■.cell separation ■.cell initiation3. During which phase of bacterial growth is there an increase in cell size but not in cell number?■.lag ■.log■.stationary ■.exponential4. The generation time for bacteria is determined by:■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from the time the culture was initiated until the beginning of stationary phase■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from lag phase to death phase■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the end of stationary phase■.measuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the beginning of stationary phase5. Most pathogenic bacteria are considered:■.psychrophiles■.mesophiles■.thermophiles■.merophiles6. Bacteria that grow at low nutrient concentrations are referred to as:■.autotrophs■.phototrophs■.copiotrophs■.oligotrophs7. In times of nutrient deficiencies, the bacteria Clostridium produce____until conditions are permissive for vegetative growth.■.prosthecae■.spores■.stalks■.fruiting bodies8. The temperature of the incubator was raised from 15~(2 to 35~(2. The cultures in the incubator demonstrated a____fold increase in enzymatic activity.■.two ■.for■.eight ■.twenty9. Organisms that grow at or near their optimal growth temperature are called:■.stenothermal bacteria■.euthermal bacteria■.cauldoactive bacteria■.mesophilic bacteria10. All of the following are toxic oxygen products except:■.02 ■.OH-■.H20 ■.H20211. Catalase, which is produced by Staphylococci, catalyzes which of the following reactions?■.202+ 2H+ →2H202 + 02■.2H202→2H20 + 02■.H202 + NADH + H+→2H20 + NAD■.H202 + e- + H+→H2O + OH-12. A saturated solution of NaC1 has a water activity index of:■.1.0 ■.0.90■.0.80 ■.0.7013. Organisms that can grow at a water index at or below that of NaCI are called: ■.xerotolerant■.salt tolerant■.mesotolerant■.salotolerant14. All of the following organisms will survive an environment of 0.9 Aw except: ■.Lactobacillus■.Staphylococcus■.Saccharomyces■.SpiriUum15. Halophiles are classified as organisms that require ____for growth.■.sugar■.salt■.water■.air16. Osmophiles require a ____Aw for growth.■.low■.high17. The pressure exerted on a cell due to high solute concentrations is referred to as: ■.osmotic pressure■.hydrostatic pressure■.barometric pressure■.surface tension18. A diver encountered a new bacterial isolate while she was diving at 1000 m. The organism will be classified as:■.marine■.barotolerant■.barophilic■.normal19. Fungi can be differentiated from most bacteria by culturing at:■.marine■.low pH■.neutral pH20. All phototacfic bacteria respond to light by:■.moving away from the source of light■.moving toward the source of light■.increasing the movement of their flagella■.creating gas vesicles to rise to the surface■Fill in the Blank1. Organisms that grow best above 40oC are called______.2. Organisms that grow best below 20oC are called______.3. Organisms that grow best between 20 and 40oC are called ______.4.Myxobacteria form unique structures called ______ to cope with nutrient deficiencies.5. Bacteria that grow only at reduced oxygen concentrations are called _______.6. Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called_____.7. Bacteria that grow at high nutrient concentrations are called ______.8. Caulobacter is an example of a ______ bacteria.9.At temperatures above the optimum, E. coli and other bacteria induce a change in gene expression called______.10. A change in hydrostatic pressure of 10 atm is experience with an increase in depth of ______ m.■MatchingCell Cycle Matching:l. C a. cell enlargement2. M b. condensation of chromosomes3. G1 c. replication of the genome4. G2 d. separation of chromosomes5. S e. cell division1.e2.d3.a4.b5.cTest 7: Control of Microbial Growth■Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Chemicals used on the body to control microorganisms are called:■.antiseptics ■.disinfectants ■.antibiotics■.chemotherapeutic2. The most effective way of sterilizing a solution is by:■.incineration■.pasteurization■.filtration■.moist heat3. An autoclave is an apparatus that is used to sterilize various materials. The appropriate conditions for sterilizing contaminated material is given by which of the following: ■.15 min at 121℃at lpsi■.5 min at 121℃at 15 psi■.15 min at 121℃at 15 psi■.5 min at 131℃at 15 psi4. All of the following are an effect of ionizing radiation except:■.breaks hydrogen bonds■.thymine dimer formation■.generates oxygen radicals■.ring structure destruction5. A hyperbaric chamber would be useful for treating infections caused by which of the following genera:■.Treponema■.Chlamydia■.Campylobacter■.Clostridia6. Agents that are used to inhibit bacterial growth are considered:■.bacteriocidal■.bacteriostatic■.antiseptics■.disinfectants7. The term used to describe substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microorganisms are called:■.antimicrobics■.antibiotics■.chemotherapeutic agents■.antiseptics8. Antibiotics must exhibit which of the following to be effective:■.narrow spectrum■.broad spectrum■.selective toxicity■.bacteriocidal9. Which of the following tests utilizes an antibiotic impregnated disk to test for the efficacy of the antibiotic?■.MIC■.MBC■.Mueller-Hinton■.Kirby-Bauer10. The MIC assay can determine if an antibiotic agent is:■.bacteriocidal■.bacteriostatic■.aandb■.none of the above11. Penicillins are effective against:■.cells in log phase■.cells in stationary phase■.cells in eclipse phase■.all bacterial cells12. Penicillinases inhibit the activity of penicillins by which of the following mechanisms:■.break N. acetylglucosamine:N-acetylmuramic acid bonds■.break the peptidiglycan■.break the beta lactam ring■.break cycloserine13. Aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the:■.tRNA■.mRNA■.30S ribosomal subunit■.50S ribosomal subunit14. Trimethaprim is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase which is important is which of the following:■.vitamin metabolism■.1-carbon transfers■.protein synthesis■.membrane integrity15. HIsoniazid is used in the treatment of:■.Pneumococcal infections。

华中农业大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题

华中农业大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题一、大学英语三级翻译英译汉1．The general manager public relations person as well as the head of the company’s management.A) 总经理不仅要当好公关人员，而且要领导好公司。

B) ，也一定要当好公司的领导。

C) 总经理不仅是公司的管理首脑，还必须起某种公关人物的作用。

D) 总经理要管理好自己的公司，首先必须管理好公司的公关人员。

【答案】C2．There is no way we’ll get lost in the mountains, since the tour guide has figured out the return route.A) 我们根本不会在山里迷路，因为导游已回到了原来的路线上。

B) 既然导游已经弄清了返程的路线，我们就绝不会在山里迷路。

C) 因为我们在山里迷失了方向无路可走，导游只好按原路返回。

D) ，所以导游一直都在寻找返回的路线。

【答案】B3． With all its disadvantages, the new design they have submitted should still be considered as one of the best at present.A) 尽管他们提交的这个新设计有种种不足，但仍应视为目前最佳设计之一。

B) 尽管有许多不利因素，他们做出的新设计仍然被视为目前最佳设计之一。

C) 如果没有这些缺陷，他们的新设计就应该被视为迄今为止最佳的一种设计。

D) 如果没有这么多不利因素，他们的新设计就应该作为目前最佳的一个方案。

【答案】A4． If you require , your application should be in the Student Financial Aid Services at least three weeks before your registration date.A) 如果你需要资助学费，应向助学办公室提出申请，。

华农英语题库本科

48.Do you remember __________ to Dr. Green during your last visit?Certainly I do.(2分)
D. rather than
是否存疑
12.The worker agreed to ______ the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.(2分)
A. call for
B. call forth
C. call off
D. call up
B. whom、was
C. whomever、were
D. whoever、be
是否存疑
16.Be quiet! It’s rude to _____ people when they are speaking.(2分)
A. interfere
B. introduce
C. prevent
D. interrupt
是否存疑
17.It seems difficult to _________“hurt”from“injure”in meaning.(2分)
A. judge
B. tell
C. divide
D. separate
是否存疑
18.The government has received many reports about the threat of the disease over the _____ few months.(2分)
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many

华南农业大学珠江学院《高级综合英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

《高级综合英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、—You were not listening；what troubled you?—I my coming math exam．A．am thinking about B．was thinking about C．had thought about D．will think about 2、________ two hours daily has made considerable difference to my physical condition. A．To walk B．WalkingC．Walked D．Having walked3、—Are you ready to leave?—Almost, I’ll be ready to go just as soon as I ________ putting the clean dishes away.A．get through B．give upC．carry out D．set about4、If you think that the illness might be serious, you should not _________ going to thedoctor.A．put off B．set aboutC．hold back D．give away5、_______ travelling expenses rising a lot, we had to change all our plans for the tour．A．As B．By C．Since D．With6、As ______ healthier lifestyle is being promoted, the bicycle has also become a tool thatkeeps people on ______ go.A．the; a B．a; aC．a; the D．a; /7、— How do you find your trip to Sanya during the three-day New Year Holiday ?—________ I can’t speak too highly of it.A．Oh, wonderful indeed! B．It’s awful!C．Don’t mention it．D．You said it.8、Along with the email was my brother’s promise ______ I came first in the competition, he would buy me an MP4.A．what B．that C．that if D．whether9、You can’t imagine how excited we were ________ that our schoolmates had won the first place in National Robot Competition.A．learning B．having learnedC．to be learning D．to learn10、— What happened to the young trees we planted last week?—The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them.A．might grow B．would have grownC．needn’t have grown D．would grow第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

华南农业大学《大学英语中级Ⅱ》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、一Which T—shirt do you like best?一．They are both out of fashion and expensive．A．None B．Neither C．Any D．Both2、It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatreseats an audience of approximately 4, 000.A．where B．whoseC．which D．when3、—What do you think of the movie last night?—When I got there it _______, so I only watched the end.A．finished B．had finishedC．was finishing D．has finished4、The disaster-stricken village was inaccessible ___________ by helicopter, and the stormadded to the rescuers’ difficulty.A．instead of B．other than C．rather than D．regardless of5、After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all thepeople who had helped in her career.A．to thank B．thankingC．having thanked D．to have thanked6、--- To be a promising student is not an easy job. It takes time.--- I can’t agree more. _______. There is no short cu t.A．All roads lead to Rome B．Slow but sure wins the raceC．Practice makes perfect D．Rome was not built in a dayA．prove B．implyC．demand D．predict8、---May I help you？You seem to be having some trouble.----____________，thanks. I think I can manage.A．No problem B．It's all rightC．ok D．No way9、With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT.A．has introduced B．is being introducedC．is introduced D．was introduced10、Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing ________ the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.A．breaks B．blocksC．bonds D．beats第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

华南农业大学学位英语2022考试真题

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《专业英语》课程试卷(B)及答案

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This effect is achieved by use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required to completely block activity or synthesis.1.In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:(1)the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes(2)that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence2.In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by(1)several kinds of end-products(2)only one kind of end-product3.The isoenzymes means:(1)the enzymes have different functions(2)the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction4.With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:(1)complete inhibition and repression(2)partial inhibition or repression(二）Immobilization of enzymesEnzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed. Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery andre-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However, there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effective procedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.Are the following statements true or false?（1）Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )（2）The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )（3）By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions continuously ( )（4）In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word “carrier”四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) Controls over the enzymes of different pathways allow cells to direct the flow of nutrients, building materials, waste products, hormones, and so on in suitable ways. When you eat too much sugar, enzymes in your liver cells act on the excess, converting it first to glucose and then to glycogen or fat. When your body uses up glucose and needs more, enzymes break down glycogen to release its glucose subunits. In this case, a hormone called glucagon(胰高血糖素) acts as a control over enzyme activity. It stimulates the key enzyme in the pathway by which glycogen is degraded, and it inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes glycogen formation..(2) For a virus to multiply. It must first infect a cell. At the onset of infection, the virus introduces into the cell its genetic material—RNA or DNA—accompanied in many instances by essential proteins. They replicate inside specific host cells by using the biosynthetic systems of the host under the direction of the viral genomes. Bacterial viruses which infect fermentation process microbial strains have caused serious problems particularly in the cheese starter culture and the glutamic acid fermentation.五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 很显然，要通过这些途径增加并引导代谢物质流向，在必要时，就必须除去这些限制。

华中农业大学英语mooc艾蓉答案

华中农业大学英语mooc艾蓉答案1、判断题：The author thinks that students' language deficits should be blamed on schools because the schools never teach grammar. 选项：A：正确B：错误答案：【错误】2、判断题：The schools fail to set high standards of English proficiency because the younger teachers don't want to be tedious oddities in eyes of students.选项：A：正确B：错误答案：【错误】3、判断题：The son feels curious about his father's grammar lesson because his father handles different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions delicately.选项：A：正确B 错误答案：【正确】4、判断题：The author uses "road map" and "car engine" to describe grammar and vocabulary.选项：A：正确B：错误答案：【正确】5、判断题：Both the interjection "whoa!" in paragraph 4 and paragraph 17 are used in the same situations and with the same feelings. 选项：A：正确B：错误答案：【错误】6、填空题：Directions：Fill in the blank in the following sentence with an exact word from the text.There are many different storiesabout the downturn in the proper use of English. ____ students should be able to distinguish。

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South China Agricultural University华南农业大学
agricultural college农学院
domestic and overseas国内外
Agricultural administrative departments管理部门
Distinguished著名的
Advanced university 高等大学
research institution研究机构
Ministry of Agriculture of China中国农业部
International Rice Research Institute国际水稻研究所
China Agricultural University中国农业大学
Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）联合国粮农组织
United States Department of Agriculture美国农业部
Purdue University普度大学
Agricultural college of South China Agricultural University（SCAU）is closely linked with agricultural administrative departments from domestic and overseas、distinguished advanced universities and other research institutions.Such as Ministry of Agriculture of China、International Rice Research Institute、China Agricultural University、Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)、United States Department of Agriculture and Purdue University.
In southern China中国南方地区maturity 熟性growth and development 生长发育manufacturing experience 生产经验
Rice is the principal cereal crops in southern China，after long-term domestication，it’s maturity、growth、development、etc have adapted to the climate conditions of local region, the farmers of the local region have extensive manufacturing experiences of rice growing, moreover great progress has been made in rice breeding, in short the rice growing of local region is going in the direction of low-power、high-quality and high-yield.
参与亚太经全组织对中国的影响是多方面的。

Our participation in APEC will influence China in several aspects.
Global warming全球气候变暖rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加
Global warming and rising levels of CO2influence crops in several aspects, therefore, in order to guarantee global food security, the favorable aspects of climate change to crop growth should be taken full advantage of, while the negative effects to crop should be reduced.
I come from Heshan City, which locates in the hinterland of Pearl River Delta. It is a geomantic omen precious place, where climate is mild, land is fecund. Heshan City is a big agricultural city, the amount of rural population is 0.23 million, which accounts for the entire city nearly 70%. The fields here are very fertile yielding two crops a year, the principal crops being rice, beans, rape, maize and tobacco. In the recent years, based on the stability of grain production, our city is energetically developing the animal husbandry, fishery, and forestry sectors, and a number of standardized agricultural products demonstration bases have been set up. That is my hometown and welcome to your arrival.
Tell you the truth, before I saw this topic, I have never thought about this problem “why I choose
other profession, fewer students choose agriculture as they are major, so I believe that I will get a job easily if I choose agriculture as my major when I graduate. Secondly, I prefer calm country life instead of the modernized life of city, therefore, majoring in agriculture enables to work in the countryside. In the end, when I was young, I always dreamed that one day I would have my own farm, and now, because of majoring in agriculture, I am closer to my dream.。