老师非谓语动词题三原则
老师非谓语动词解题三原则
非谓语动词解题三原则1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，以判断是否使用非谓语动词。
（高中学习中，一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语，如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语）2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态）3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。
高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧一. 非谓语动词的句子结构分析技巧1_____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB. ToldC. He was toldD. Though he had been told分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个独立句子成分，故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。
句子结构练习3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 答案ACC二. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析技巧确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。
若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B1._______no buses , we had to walk home.2. ______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A. There beingB. It wereC. There wereD. It being分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。
非谓语动词十大实用解题原则
非谓语动词十大实用解题原则非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十二条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。
根据这些原则，相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。
原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词。
例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told 例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。
例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed 形式。
例3. ______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d pre fer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。
非谓语动词解题策略三步法3-语态与时态的确定原则
D. 完成进行式
在非谓语动词中，只有不定式存在完成进行主动式。其表示不定式所表示的动 作/状态一直延续到句中谓语动词所表示的动作(记作符号“→∣”)。如: She is said to have been living abroad these years. 据说这些年来他一直在国外生活。
非谓语动词解题策略之三步法
B. 当非谓语动词在句中作定语时，应考虑非谓语动词和所修饰n./pron.之间的 关系；
C. 当非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语时，应考虑非谓语动词和宾语之间的关系；
非谓语动词解题策略之三步法
第三讲非谓语动词语态时态的确定原则
Ⅱ. 非谓语动词 时态的确定原则
非谓语动词的时态是指谓语动词所表示的动作或状态与主要动词(谓语动词)所表示 的动作或状态比较时，两者在发生时间上的先后关系。 A. 一般式 1. 不定式 a. 表示经常性动作/状态或没有明确的先后关系。如: To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 She hates to be flattered. 她不喜欢被奉承。
Ⅰ. 非谓语动词语态的确定原则
非谓语动词的语态是指非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。一般地，如果二 者是主谓关系，则非谓语动词用主动式，如果二者是动宾关系，则非谓语动词 使用被动式。 非谓语动词的逻辑主语与其句法功能相关，一般地，
A. 当非谓语动词在句中作表语、宾语、主语补足语和状语时，应考虑非谓语 动词和句子主语的关系；
高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(推荐)
高考英语非谓语动词语法讲解(名师总结基础语法知识点，值得下载)【非谓语动词作状语】一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语.二.不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中.Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her.Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等.I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.I'm too tired to stay up longer.备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等.I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.3.不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等.You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.三.分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义v-ing(doing) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生having+v-ed(having done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生v-ed(done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成being+v-ed(being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生having been+v-ed(havingbeen done)2.分词作状语的句法功能分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用.When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间)Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因)Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件)He glanced at her,nothing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)四.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有:generallyspeaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据....来判断;considering.../taking....into consideration考虑到.....;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with与....相比.Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.Considering your health,you'd better have a rest.To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.五.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构.独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系.③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开.独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+分词②名词/代词+不定式③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.I stood before her with my heart beating fast.【练一练】①Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn't fit.②Clearly and thoughtfully (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their ownanswers.③Group activities will be organized after class (help)children develop team spirit.④(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than thoseof her age.⑤The lecture (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.【非谓语动词作定语】一.不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词.The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.He had no place to live.2.用不定式作定语的几种情况:①不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister.②用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系.He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.③有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等.I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plans to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.二.分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing,being+过去分词和过去分词.当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词.The houses being built are for the teachers.(被动,正在进行)2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing和过去分词.v-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成.boiling water沸腾的水(表示正在进行)boiled water白开水(表完成)falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallen leaves已经落下的叶子(表完成)developing countries发展中国家(表正在进行)developed countries发达国家(表完成)三.to be done,done和being done作定语的区别to be done表被动,将来;done表被动,完成;being done表被动,正在进行.Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被动,完成)Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动,正在进行)The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.(表被动,将来)【练一练】①There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.②Prices of daily goods (buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.③The flowers (smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.【非谓语动词作宾语,补语,主语,表语】一.非谓语动词(不定式,动名词)作宾语1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语.2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想.避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏.禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡.consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can't help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语.3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意.to do sth.忘记要做某事forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事to do sth.记着要做某事rememberdoing sth.记得曾经做过某事to do sth.努力做某事regretdoing sth.后悔做过某事to do sth.努力做某事trydoing sth.试着做某事to do sth.打算做某事meandoing sth.意味着做某事4.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语sb.to do sth.allow/permit/forbid/advise/considerdoing sth.Smoking is forbidden here so we don't allow you to smoke.We don't allow smoking in the wall.5.动词need,require,want作"需要",deserve作"应受,应得"解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义.be worth后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义, 而worthy则需用被动形式.此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示"需要/要求/想要某人做某事".to be done(需要)need/require/want doingsb.to do sth.(需要/要求/想要)名词deserve doingto be done名词be worth doingto be donebe worthy名词(表钱数或表价格的名词除外)ofbeing doneto be cleanedThe window needs/requires/wantscleaningworth visitingto be visitedThis place is worthya visitofbeing visitedconsideringThese proposals deserveto be considered6.不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式.备注:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句.He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work)I don't know what to do.(=I don't know what I should do.)We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we'll stay or go)Can you tell me why do it?①The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize).②One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct)them.③In some parts of London,missing a bus means (wait)for another hour.二.非谓语动词作补语1.后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,tea ch,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等.You are not allowed to smoke here.The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.注意:think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,appoint,judge等后常用"to be..."作宾补/主补People considered him to be a great leader.They found the answer to be quite satisfactory.Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world.He imagines himself to be an able man.2.非谓语动词作感官动词(词组),使役动词的宾补listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:doing sth.看见....正做....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)do sth.看见...做了....see+宾语+ being done看见....正在做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)done看见....被做I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行)I'd like to see the plan carried out.(被动,没有一定的时间性)2.使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况.do让...做....（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）①make+宾语+done让...被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.He tried to make himself understood.do让.....做.....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)②let+宾语+be done让....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)Don't let your child play with matches.Let the work be done immediately.do sth.让...做某事doing sth.使....持续做某事(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系) ③have+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)备注: ⑴.have sth. done还表示"使....遭受..."之意Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.⑵have sb. doing常用于否定句中,其中have有"允许,容忍"之意.I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.⑶have还可用于have sth. to do结构,该结构中have作"有"讲,不定式作定语.I have something urgent to inform you.to do sth.使....做doing sth.使...做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)⑷.get+宾语+done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)He got me to post the letter for him.The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to;它们是"吾看三室两厅一感觉"-5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.(三)动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况:sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/物一直处于某种状态(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)sth. undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)1.leavesb. To do sth.让某人去做某事（不定式表示将来的动作）sth. To be done.留下某事要做It's wrong to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn't taste delicious.(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.(被动,将来)sb./sth. doing使某人/物一直做某事2.keepsb./sth. done使某人/物被......(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)Keep the engine running.You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.sb. doing发现某人正在做某事3.find sb/sth. done发现某人/物.....(表完成或状态)sb./sth.(to be)...发现某人/物....We found him(to be)dishonest.Often I found her quietly weeping alone.I found him buried in a novel.4.catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事I caught John reading my private letters.sb./sth. doing(表主动且进行,或表特征)sth. being done(表被动且进行)5.with sth. done(表被动且完成,或表状态)sth. to do(表示将来)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.(四)常用不定式作主语补足语的句型Sb. be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done+其他.He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)Heat is considered to be a form of energy.You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday.④The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry)out the next year.11。
非谓语动词解题三原则
非谓语动词解题三原则1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，以判断是否使用非谓语动词。
（高中学习中，一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语，如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语）2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态）3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。
高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧一. 非谓语动词的句子结构分析技巧1_____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB. ToldC. He was toldD. Though he had been told分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个独立句子成分，故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。
句子结构练习3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 答案ACC二. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析技巧确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。
若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B1._______no buses , we had to walk home.2. ______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A. There beingB. It wereC. There wereD. It being分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。
非谓语动词题的八条经典原则(学生)
三步解非谓语动词遇到有关非谓语动词的单选题，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。
第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。
非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语；2).现在分词完成式不作定语。
1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。
其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。
例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us.2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North.3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment .4).Please show us how to do that.2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。
例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock.（“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.）2).He came here only to say good-bye to us.（不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号）3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic.（不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果）第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。
非谓语动词解题技巧
非谓语动词练习一．非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1. 辨别―谓与非谓‖1.）先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.）看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3.）看有没有连接词（引导词）。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语3. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用V ed形式。
4. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to havedone/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。
二．非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：1）在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.3.______hard , you will succeed in the exam.A. StudyB. T o studyC. S tudyingD. Studied2）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made3）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. T o work4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut5）在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
初中英语中考复习 秘籍05 非谓语动词-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍(原卷版)
5.【2020·包头市第二十九中学九年级三模】There are still many problems_____before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
2.【2020·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校九年级其他模拟】There are no ways she can come up_____herself out.
A．with to helpB．to helpC．with helpingD．to helping
3.【2020·长沙市南雅中学九年级开学考试】If you have difficulty_____with your classmates, you may consider_____your teacher for help.
No matter what happened,I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语
用于名词前，起修饰说明作用
There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。
（三）动名词的特殊用法
Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？
作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To do a good job,we must have the right tools.要干好活工具要对头。
非谓语动词十大解题原则---学生版
非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。
一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _____(close) my bookand walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake.4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us.5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have agood knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health.7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8.(spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress.9.(spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study.10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset.11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1. _________ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _________ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1. A great number of students _________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ (repair) first is the library.十大解题原则A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldA. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedA．produced B．being producedC．to be produced D．having been produced例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downA. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedA. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedA. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let例22.How glad I am ___________ you!A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.A. don’t goB. to not goC. not goingD. not to go考点突破，真题演练单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
非谓语动词使用三原则
主动
被动
进行或 doing
being done
一般
完成 having done having been done
(3) -ed形式(-ed分词，过去分词)
done
非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词可以从时间关系、主 被动关系和动词句型(以及名词句型、 形容词句型、介词等)来考虑。时间 关系、主被动关系主要需要理解。各 种句型主要靠背诵。
非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时，一般 用-ing形式(doing)，
被动关系时一般用-ed形式(done)
3. 非谓语动词句型 很多时候，非谓语动词的形
式是由固定结构决定。这种固定 结构我们简称为非谓语动词句型。 这些句型主要涉及动词句型、名 词句型、形容词句型和介词
(1) 形容词句型。很多形容词一般跟不定 式，如:
非谓语动词使用三原则
动词 英语动词几乎可以做各种句子成分。
作谓语时叫谓语动词。
作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和 状语时叫非谓语动词。
也就是说，英语动词既可以做谓语， 也可以做非谓语。
做不同成分时形式不一样。谓语动词 有谓语动词的形式，非谓语有非谓语的形 式。
谓语动词 做谓语的动词就是谓语动词。谓语动词有时态和
easy/difficult/happy/sorry/surprised to do
sth (个别跟ing形式如be busy doing) (2) 名词句型。有一些名词专跟不定式
如: the ability/chance/opportunity/way
/urge to do
(3) 介词、疑问词、序数词 介词+doing, 如for coming, by riding,
1. 时间关系 三种非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间 有不同的先后关系。也就是把谓语动词发生的时间 作为参照物，看看非谓语动词是发生在谓语动词之 前、之后，还是同时。
(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。
不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。
一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。
.。
.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。
.。
浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so。
It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。
主谓一致,非谓语动词语法
语法主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
2 主谓一致中的就近原则1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
4 谓语需用单数1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。
(用复数也可，意思不变）。
5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
非谓语动词知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) 3
非谓语动词知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）考点一动词不定式的用法功能【特别提示1】不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, when, how, where (why除外)等连用, 构成不定式短语, 在句子中作主语、宾语或表语等。
例如:How to get there is not decided yet. 怎样去那里还没有定下来。
Can you tell me what to say at the meeting? 你能告诉我在会上说些什么吗?我们也经常利用这一结构进行复合句与简单句之间的转换。
例如:I don’t know what I should do next time. → I don’t know what to do next time.【图解】【特别提示2】巧记跟不定式作宾语的动词想要、拒绝、忘记,(want, refuse, forget)需要、努力、学习。
(need, try, learn)选择、同意、帮助,(choose, agree, help);希望、决定、开始。
(hope, wish, expect, decide, begin, start)考点二动名词的用法功能【特别提示3】常接动名词作宾语的动词(词组): finish(完成); practice(实践); be worth(值得); be busy(忙于); keep(一直), enjoy(喜欢); give up(放弃); can’t help(情不自禁); mind(介意); avoid(避免); miss(错过); suggest(建议)。
我们可简记为:完成、实践、值得忙,一直、喜欢、别放弃。
情不自禁、需介意,避免、错过、好建议。
考点三动名词和不定式作宾语的区别有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可, 但意义有所不同。
例如:①try to do sth. 设法或努力去做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事①go on to do sth. 接着去做另一件事go on doing sth. 连续做某事①remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(动作尚未发生)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(动作已发生)①forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(动作尚未发生)forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事(动作已发生)【图解】考点四分词的用法功能【拓展】现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别①在语态上, 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词表示被动意义。
非谓语动词
辅导材料10 非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点。
近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，学生常常对此感到头疼。
其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。
那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：（一）非谓语动词的基本概念1. 什么叫非谓语动词？在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
翻译句子，分析句子成分1.他昨天来迟。
2.他昨天来迟使他的老师很生气。
2. 非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词、和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
翻译句子，分析句子成分1.说谎是错的。
2.这本书很有趣。
3.我对这本书感兴趣。
（三）谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别（找出句子的谓语）The book interests me. The book is interesting. I am interested in this book.I am sleeping. The sleeping boy often sleeps here. His exam results are disappointing.[高考题点击]1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily __________(point) to the notice.2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ ___ (seize) the girl and took her away,(disappear) into the woods.（四）非谓语动词作主语和表语Reading is learning. To read is to learn. The story is exciting. We are excited. [高考题点击]1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and (collect) coins also gives him great pleasure.2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.(have) the answers ready will be of great help.第二需要注意一些结构：A) 常用动名词做主语的句型有：1. It’s no good (use, fun ,value; importance) doing.2. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.3.It’s worth while doing.翻译：跟这样的家伙吵架是没用的。
非谓语动词七大原则,四个步骤图文
根据时态选择非谓语动词
现在分词
表示正在进行的动作或状态， 常与现在进行时连用。
过去分词
表示已经完成的动作或状态， 常与过去完成时连用。
不定式
表示将要发生的动作或状态， 常与一般将来时连用。
根据位置确定成分
在句首
通常作主语、状语或定语 。
在句中
通常作表语、宾语或补足 语。
在句末
通常作状语或定语。
03
动名词的特殊用法
动名词作宾语
许多动词后面可以接动名词作 宾语，如：like doing sth，
enjoy doing sth。
动名词的被动语态
在表示被动意义时，动名词要 用被动语态，如：reading to
be finished。
动名词的逻辑主语
动名词的逻辑主语通常与句子 主语相同，但有时也可能不同
02
非谓语动词的四个步骤
确定句子主谓宾
主语
句子中的主语部分，通常由一 个名词、代词或名词短语表示
。
谓语
句子中的动词，表示动作或状态 。
词、代词或名词短语表示。
判断主被动关系
主动语态
句子中的主语是动作的执行者，即主语是动作的发起者。
被动语态
句子中的主语是动作的承受者，即主语是动作的接受者。
04
非谓语动词的特殊用法
不定式的特殊用法
省略to的不定式
在某些动词或短语后，不定式 可以省略to，如：see sb do
sth，watch sb do sth。
不定式的被动语态
在表示被动意义时，不定式要用 被动语态，如：to be given a present。
不定式的逻辑主语
不定式的逻辑主语通常与句子主语 相同，但有时也可能不同，如：to help sb to do sth。
非谓语动词使用的七大经典原则
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是， 用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。 不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 4. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,________ the students to return to their classrooms. (江苏卷） A. enabling B. having enabled
－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比 谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。
用括号里的词的适当形式填空
1）. Write to the editor, ________ hoping that the editor would be able to help her．（ hope ） 2）.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _________ to rest on a big rock．( rest ) 3）.The secretary worked late into night , preparing ______ a long speech. ( prepare ) To keep 4）. ___________ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )
to catch up the first bus.
原则二： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.
需要牢记的非谓语动词做题口诀 附练习题及答案
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别（1）不定式作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
9.-非谓语动词(动词-ing形式和动词-ed-形式)
4．作宾语 When he came in, we all stopped talking.
注意： mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)，
advise, appreciate, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, pay attention to等 动词以及介词后接动名词作宾语。
若make在被动语态中要还原to4have带宾语补足语的结构have宾语done意为有要做的事情不是主语本人做do意为让某人做某事doing意为让某人一直做某事done意为让人做了某事或遭遇某事5keepleave宾语doing主动且持续进行done被6catch宾语doing表示发现某人正在做某事宾语与doing为主动关系且动作正在进行
4. 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作发生，且有具 体的过去时间，不可用v.-ing一般被动式或完成被动式。例 如：Built in 1192 , the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体的过去时间状语，可用过去分词或v.-ing完 成 被 动 式 。 例 如 ： Discussed( ＝ Having been discussed) many times, the problem was settled at last.
【解析】选B。 句中逗号后没有任何连词，因此不是并列谓
语，可排除A项；C项时态不对也可排除；现在分词killing可
作状语表示飞机坠毁的结果，而不定式作结果状语时往往用
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老师非谓语动词题三原则————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：非谓语动词解题三原则1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，以判断是否使用非谓语动词。
（高中学习中，一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语，如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语）2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态）3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。
高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧一. 非谓语动词的句子结构分析技巧1_____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB. ToldC. He was toldD. Though he had been told分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个独立句子成分，故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。
句子结构练习3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 答案ACC二. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析技巧确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。
若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B1._______no buses , we had to walk home.2. ______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A. There beingB. It wereC. There wereD. It being分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。
句2. 同理选D。
三. 非谓语动词的语态分析技巧分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______from space , the earth looks blue .2.______from space , we can see the earth is blueA. SeenB. SeeinC. To seeD. See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。
句2.我们"主动看......"即表主动，故选B。
3. The dirty clothes ____ , the girl hung them up outside .4. ____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outsideA. was washedB. washedC. were washedD. having washed分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣被洗“，故选B。
句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语”the girl“，表示”女洗衣服"，为主动关系，故选D。
四.非谓语动词的时态分析技巧The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B. to be built C. being built D. built分析: 句1中now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。
句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。
句3中last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词, 选D非谓语动词2011年高考题1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen答案 B 解析：考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。
句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。
”rise 升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。
选B。
2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined答案 C 解析：句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。
”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。
选C。
3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A. saysB. saidC. to sayD. saying答案 D 解析：句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。
”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。
4.（2011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated答案 A 解析：句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。
”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly 表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。
for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。
5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept答案B解析：句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。
老这么站着你会累的。
”A项to keep是表示将来。
C项having kept 和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。
make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。
6.（2011天津卷,7）Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried答案A解析：句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。
”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passengers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。
8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.A. lookedB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking答案C解析：句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。
”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。
9.（2011上海春招,36）______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened答案A解析：句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。
”open开业，与Disneyland 之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。
10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before.A. to workB. to be workingC. to have workedD. to have been working答案C解析：句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。
”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。
因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。
11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path _________ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead答案A解析：句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。