宁波大学土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷参考答案
2005级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
2、All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：从废水排入江河处的下游取用饮水时,不仅要特别注意从废水中清除有机物,而且要注意进行纯化微生物的消毒处理.也要关注从工厂排出的有机化学污染物,还要关注,沿杀虫剂和除草剂所污染的河流所灌溉的农田流出的排出物。
得
分
五、判断以下各句下画线部分何处有错，并改错。（每句只有一处有错）
（每小题2分，共10分）
答：所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
3、Architecture calls for good proportions—a pleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
3
Where wastewater discharges into rivers from which drinking water is takendownstream(下游), special attention is given not only to the removal of organic matter from the wastes but also to the disinfection processes that inactivatemicroorganisms(微生物). Also of concern are discharges of organic chemical contaminants from industry or runoff from farm lands along the river contaminated bypesticides(杀虫剂) andherbicides(除草剂).
土木工程专业英语课后题答案
英译汉Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.翻译：sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。
测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。
这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像松砂。
(完整word版)15级《土木工程专业英语》复习题库
《土木工程专业英语》复习题库一、Vocabulary（词汇）1、structural engineering 结构工程2、project management 项目管理3、civil buildings民用建筑4、fire—resistant 防火5、dead loads 恒载6、bearing capacity承载力7、soil investigation 土质勘察8、moment—resisting frames 抗弯框架9、lightweight floor systems 轻质楼盖系统10、prestressing concrete预应力混凝土11、providing samples for testing 取样试验12、cement mortar 水泥灰浆13、general contractor 总承包商14、elastic modulus弹性模量15、shear deflections 剪切变形16、geotechnical engineering 岩土工程17、experienced engineer 经验丰富的工程师18、the most severe loading conditions 最不利荷载状态19、geometric nonlinearities 几何非线性20、construction costs施工成本21、 simple beam 简支梁22、原材料 raw materials23、masonry 砌体24、particle size粒径25、 fundamental period基本周期26、consolidation固结27、 permeability渗透性28、subcontractors 分包商29、 internal force内力30、curtain-wall幕墙二、Comprehension.（阅读）Frequently, frames will not be as as shear—wall construction, and therefore may produce excessive deflection for the more slender high—rise building designs。
【免费下载】土建专业英语课后习题答案
1.Geology has a vital part to play in all engineering operations which interact in any way with the ground, and thus the science is critical to the entire field of civil engineering.地质发挥任何方式与地面交互的所有工程业务的一个重要组成部分，因此科学是整个土木工程领域的关键。
2.Environmental impact statements are now often mandatory before construction can be started.环境影响报告书，现在常常是强制性的，才可以开始建设。
3.In London,because the city is built on a great basin of unconsolidated material(including the well-known London clay),tube railways, located far below ground level and built in clay that was easily and economically excavated, have provided an admirable solution to one part of the city's transportation problems.在伦敦，因为这个城市是一个松散材料（包括著名的伦敦粘土），管铁路，位于远低于地面和建在粘土，轻松和经济出土，大盆地建成，提供了一个令人钦佩的解决方案部分城市的交通问题。
4.Courses on foundation engineering and construction methods present excellent opportunities for geologic lessons.基础工程和施工方法的课程，目前地质教训的极好的机会。
土木工程专业英语课后题答案倪宇红版
土木工程专业英语课后题答案倪宇红版1、_______! Jack,the floor is wet. [单选题] *A. Be careful(正确答案)B. Be careful toC. Be careful forD. Be careful with2、Don’t ______. He is OK. [单选题] *A. worriedB. worry(正确答案)C. worried aboutD. worry about3、He was?very tired，so he stopped?_____ a rest. [单选题] *A. to have(正确答案)B. havingC. haveD. had4、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat5、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be6、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how7、Every year Carl _______ most of his time swimming, camping and traveling with his parents. [单选题] *A. is spendingB. spentC. will spendD. spends(正确答案)8、We sent our children to school to prepare them for the time _____ they will have to work for themselves. [单选题] *A. thatB. when(正确答案)C. whileD. as9、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)10、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] *A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have11、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)12、I paid him 50 dollars for the painting, but its real（）must be about 500 dollars. [单选题] *A. feeB. value(正确答案)C. priceD. fare13、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it14、They all choose me ______ our class monitor.（）[单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. inC. withD. on15、If people _____ overanxious about remembering something, they will forget it. [单选题] *A. will beB. would beC. wereD. are(正确答案)16、19．Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] *A．in the future(正确答案)B．on the futureC．at the momentD．in the past17、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared18、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another19、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to20、10．﹣Could you please sweep the floor？I’m going to cook dinner．﹣__________．I’ll do it at once，Mom．[单选题] *A．I’m afraid notB．You’re kiddingC．It’s a shameD．My pleasure(正确答案)21、I shall never forget the days（）we worked on the farm. [单选题] *A. when(正确答案)B. whatC. whichD. on that22、—John, How is it going? —______.（）[单选题] *A. It’s sunnyB. Thank youC. Well doneD. Not bad(正确答案)23、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)24、When we take a trip,we usually have to _______ a hotel. [单选题] *A. takeB. stayC. book(正确答案)D. bring25、--_______ I borrow these magazines?--Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. [单选题] *A. MustB. WouldC. May(正确答案)D. Need26、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't27、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)28、87．—Could you? ? ? ? ? ? me the way to the nearest hospital?—Sure. [单选题] * A．askB．tell(正确答案)C．talkD．speak29、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach30、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if。
土木工程专业英语 题库
土木工程专业英语题库一、单选题（题数：45，共90.0 分）1The material costs make up only about（）of the cost of the completed steel structure in a building（2.0分）0.0 分A、one-thirdsB、one-thirdC、one-thirdlyD、one-three正确答案：C C2Steel and composite construction is often adopted in（）owing to high structural efficiency with large strength-to-self-weight ratios as well as large flexural rigidities against instability and serviceability problems.（2.0分）2.0 分A、super high-rise buildingsB、long span bridgesC、roof structuresD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D3Both elastic theory and plastic theory are used for composite members, the differences being as follows: concrete in tension is （）neglected in elastic theory, and（）neglected in plastic theory.（2.0分）2.0 分A、usually, usuallyB、always, alwaysC、usually, alwaysD、always, usually正确答案：C C4Failure modes include（）and less rigidity of bending（2.0分）2.0 分A、Strength failureB、Lateral-torsional-bucklingC、Local buckling of platesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D5（）, where the column’s failure is due to the crushing of concrete or due to the yielding of the steel bars under the full load capacity of the column.（2.0分）2.0 分A、Short columnsB、Long columnsC、Slender columnsD、None正确答案：A A6（）loaded columns, where the loads are applied at any point on the column section, causing moments about both the x axis and y axis simultaneously（2.0分）2.0 分A、AxiallyB、EccentricallyC、BiaxiallyD、None正确答案：C C7Strictly speaking, all（）nonlinearities of the different materials should be observed in calculating the strength of steel-concrete composite column.（2.0分）2.0 分A、geometrical and physicalB、mechanical and geometricalC、mechanical and physicalD、none正确答案：A A8The main structural forms of steel structure are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Truss structuresB、Frame structuresC、Grids structuresD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D9A tendon with a duct that contains multiple pieces of prestressing steel strand is commonly called a（）tendon.（2.0分）2.0 分A、multistrandB、monostrandC、singleD、strand正确答案：A A10The（）system makes use of either column capitals, drop panels or both to increase the shear and moment resistance of the system at the columns where the shears and moments are greatest.（2.0分）2.0 分A、flat plateB、waffle slabC、flat slabD、two-way slab with. beams正确答案：C C11The height of Khalifa tower is 828m, and the total number of floors is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、100B、130C、162D、188正确答案：C C12It includes（）,keyways, threads, or abrupt changes in plate width or thickness.（2.0分）2.0 分A、holesB、groovesC、notchesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D13Prestressing by（）involves installing and stressing prestressing strand of bar tendons only after the concrete has been placed, hardened and attained a minimum compressive strength for that transfer.（2.0分）2.0 分A、pretensioningB、post-tensioningC、pretensionedD、post-tensioned正确答案：B B14When grease is used, the prestressing steel is permanently free to move relative to the sheathing and the tendon is referred to as an]（）tendon.（2.0分）2.0 分A、bondedB、unbondedC、barD、strand正确答案：B B15In（）members the prestressing strands are tensioned against restraining bulkheads before the concrete is cast.（2.0分）2.0 分A、pretensioningB、post-tensioningC、pretensionedD、post-tensioned正确答案：C C16Yan Fu, a translator at the end of the Qing Dynasty, thinks that the standard of translation is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、faithfulnessB、expressivenessC、eleganceD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D17This section mainly introduces the professional English vocabulary and expression related to（）of steel structure technology（2.0分）2.0 分A、the development levelB、market prospectC、design principleD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D18For walls, a（）is a slab wider than the wall and extending the length of the wall（2.0分）2.0 分A、combined footingB、spread foundationC、grid foundationD、mat foundation正确答案：B B19（）, because there is only one point at the intersection of the center line of the long and narrow section, which is their shear center（2.0分）2.0 分A、Cross sectionB、Angle sectionC、T-sectionD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D20Reinforced concrete beams not included（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Singly reinforced rectangular beamsB、Doubly reinforced rectangular beamsC、Plain concreteD、Singly or doubly reinforced T -beams正确答案：C C21Standard parts can be measured（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、yield strengthB、ultimate strengthC、elastic modulusD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D22The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、0.01B、0.1C、0.001D、正确答案：A A23The classification and grade of steel are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、carbon structural steelB、low alloy structural steelC、quality carbon structural steelD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D24The assumed complete interaction enables definition of（）for the whole inhomogeneous cross-section.（2.0分）2.0 分A、section propertiesB、stiffnessC、slender ratiosD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D25（）are most economical for spans from 4.5 to 6m（2.0分）2.0 分A、Flat platesB、Waffle slabC、Flat slabTwo-way slab with beams正确答案：A A26The "Structural Welding" provides welding processes for（）and SAW.（2.0分）2.0 分A、SMAWB、GMAWC、FCAWD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D27Concrete is assumed to fail when the compressive strain reaches（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、0.3B、0.03C、0.0033D、0.003正确答案：C C28In the（）, the steel mesh reinforcements of 3-4mm in diameter are embedded into the horizontal mortar joints every 2-5 courses.（2.0分）2.0 分A、steel mesh reinforced brick masonryB、reinforced hollow unit masonryC、reinforced grouted cavity masonryD、composite brick masonry正确答案：A A29In steel mesh reinforced brick masonry，the steel mesh reinforcements of 3-4mm in diameter are embedded into the horizontal mortar joints every 2-5（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、layersB、coursesC、piecesD、blocks正确答案：B B30Bending in a main plane is called（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、biaxial flexural memberB、unidirectional bending memberC、platform beamD、castellated beam正确答案：B B31Civil Engineering English is set as a required course to cultivate high-quality civil engineering talents, which is beneficial to（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、improve the students' attention to professional English learningB、promote the construction progress and height of professional English online coursesC、training senior civil engineering talents with international vision and professional English literacy D、All of the above are right正确答案：D D32It is believed that automobile is blamed for such problems as（）and slum conditions in the central areas, and air and noise pollition.（2.0分）2.0 分A、urban expansionB、wasteful land useC、congestionD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D33（）has excellent deep drawing and deep drawing properties（2.0分）2.0 分A、Fire resistant steelB、ultra-low yield point steelC、high friction factor steel plateD、structural casting steel正确答案：B B34According to the load, it can be divided into（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Axially loaded columnsB、Eccentrically loaded columnsC、Biaxially loaded columnsD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D35The compressive capacity of unreinforced masonry is far greater than its（）capacity（2.0分）2.0 分A、tensileB、bendingC、shearD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D36If the bearing soil capacity is different under different foundations—for example, if the foundations of a building are partly on soil and partly on rock—a（）settlement will occur（2.0分）2.0 分A、differentB、differentialC、identicalD、same正确答案：B B37The grade of asphalt is divided according to () technical index（2.0分）2.0 分A、PenetrationB、ductilityC、softening pointD、flash point正确答案：A A38The reinforced concrete confining elements are horizontal members called （）and vertical members called（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、ring beams, structural columnsB、structural columns, ring beamsC、ring beams, ring beamsD、structural columns, structural columns正确答案：A A39The advantages of steel structure residence are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Good seismic performanceB、Low comprehensive costC、Fit with the development direction of housing industrializationD、All of the above are right40Three different types of composite columns:（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、steel reinforced concrete columnsB、rolled section columns partly encased in concreteC、concrete filled steel tubesD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D41（）was founded in 1969（2.0分）2.0 分A、SSCIB、ISSHPC、ISSD、HCV正确答案：A A42Which of the followings is mechanical imperfection of steel members?（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、initial out-of-straightnessB、initial eccentricityC、residual stressD、initial crookedness43The whole instability of solid web compression member refers to（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Flexural bucklingB、Torsion bucklingC、Flexural-torsional bucklingD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D44The section form of compression member is（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、doubly symmetricB、singly symmetricC、unsymmetricD、All of the above are right正确答案：D D45The characteristics of vocabulary are（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Professional vocabulary and semi professional vocabularyB、Get used to using compound wordsC、Get used to using abbreviationsD、All of the above are right二、多选题（题数：5，共10.0 分）1As English majors pay attention to the （）of technical problems, the translation standards of professional English are more focused on "faithfulness" and "expressiveness"（2.0分）2.0 分A、scientificityB、logicalityC、correctnessD、strictness正确答案：ABCD ABCD2Factors affecting the properties of steel include（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、chemical compositionB、process of steelmakingC、time-hardeningD、cold work正确答案：ABCD ABCD3Applications of steel structures include（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Large-span structuresB、Multi-story &high-rise buildingsC、Buildings of heavy duty plantsD、Portal frames正确答案：ABCD ABCD4Masonry structure can be divided into（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Brickwork structureB、stone masonry structureC、Block masonry structureD、Reinforced masonry structure正确答案：ABCD ABCD5Major Courses You will learn（）（2.0分）2.0 分A、Engineering GeologyB、Engineering MeasuremenC、Soil MechanicsD、Foundation Engineering正确答案：ABCD ABCD。
《土木工程专业英语》期末考试重点及参考答案
土木工程civil engineering结构工程structural engineering 土力学soil mechanics现场勘察site investigation项目经理project manager土木工程师civil engineer岩土工程Geotechnical Engineer 施工检查construction inspection 施工监管construction supervision助理工程师assistant engineer多孔材料porous material平衡条件equilibrium condition弹性模量elastic modulus应力张量stress tensor孔隙压力pore pressure有效应力principle of effectivestress专业技术人员professional andtechnical personnel压缩模块compressive modulus各向同性法向应力isotropicnormal stress应力分量stress components施工监管construction supervise1.Despite the essential尽管真正的工程师们在以上进步和人类幸福中所起的作用，但对他们所起作用的理解仍是不完全的。
munication lines道路、铁路、桥梁等交通网线是土木工程师的劳动果实，没有这样的交通网线，社会将不可能得到发展。
3.The principle of 流体力学原理可以用到日常生活中，如：飞机的飞行，水中鱼的游动，以及血管中的血液循环等。
4.Water supply engineering供水工程涉及水的定位和收集、水处理方法、标准极限试验和水的有效供给。
5.The role of an environmental环境工程师的作用是通过将各种技术应用到清理垃圾的工作中，从而在生物与技术之间建造一座桥梁。
土木工程专业英语课后完整答案(1)
Unite 12、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .（1）Compression Members 受压构件（2）critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载（3）the slenderness ratio 细长比（4）stub column 短柱（5）reduced modulus 简化模量（6）Effective length 计算长度（7）Residual stress 残余应力（8）Trial-and-error approach 试算法（9）Radius of gyration 回转半径（10）Tangent modulus 切线模量3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.(1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable.然而，在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有实现，一些荷载偏心是不可避免的(2)In many instances the members are also called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column.在许多情况下，构件同样需要能够抵抗弯矩，在这些情况下，构件被称之为梁柱。
(3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q.如果该构件很细长以至于在压曲前的应力低于比例极限---也就是说，该构件仍然是弹性状态---该构件的该临界屈曲荷载就可以由公式Q给出。
土木工程专业英语试题 (2)
一、选择填空20%1. Between the buildings （ B ）a secondary school.A. standB. standsC. to standD. standing2. Neither I nor he （ B ） fond of music.A. amB. isC. areD. were3.The laws that （ A ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.A. tellB. ellsC. toldD. telling4.It is expensive （ C ）future cities on the sea.A build B. built C. to build D. builds5.The（ A ）cements are widely used on the construction site.A.above-mentionedB.above-mentioningC.above-mentionD.above-mentions6.The production of steel has been increased （ B）70%.A.inB.byC.atD.on7.Let’s discuss only such questions （ C ）concern everyone of us.A.whichB.thatC.asD.those8.He has to know（ D ）strong the materials are.A. thatB.whatC.whichD. how9.The Great Wall of China is the biggest structure（ A ）man has ever built.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10. （ B ）you go, you can see many buildings.A.WhoeverB.WhereverC.WheneverD.Whatever11.We are looking forward to （ C） from you soon.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD. hears12.Five yuan （ A ）too cheap for the dictionary.A.isB.areC.wereD.has been13.We should aim at combining beauty and comfort （ C ）a welcoming friendliness.A.toB.inC.withD.for14.We can see an engineer （ A ）a device in the picture.A.adjustingB.adjustsC.adjustedD.adjust15.You are studying at college,（ B ）.A.so do weB.so are weC.we are soD.we do so16. （ C ）of the English films are familiar to me. I’ve never seen them before.A.BothB.NothingC.NoneD.Any17.If the garden is big, some floodlights can be （ A ）A.installedB.producedC.requiredD.fixture18.Dose your shop （B）rebar ?A.developB.supplyC.settleD.make19.It’s our duty to （ A ）the specification .ply withpleteC.knowD.make20.The bigger quantity you order, ( A ).A. the lower price you will be offeredB. the low price you will be offeredC. you will be offered lower priceD. you will be offer low二、词组互译20%1．小区规范 ( zoning codes) 2.钢筋混凝土 (reinforced concrete)3.供热设备 (the heating system)4.人工费 (labor cost)5.工艺 (workmanship)6.铸铁管 (cast iron pipe)7.承包商 (contractor)8.土木工程 (the civil engineering)9.工程量清单 (the bill of quantities) 10.建筑师 (architect) 11.tripod (三脚架) 12.lighting system (照明系统)13.site safety program (工地安全方案) 14.quality assurance (质量保证)15.bank guarantees (银行担保) 16.material cost (材料费) 17.technical staff (技术人员) 18.the layout of the rooms (房屋布局)19.town planning rules (城市规划) 20.office automation system (办公自动系统)三、选词填空10%( minimum \ insurance \ as well \ vary \ serve \ support \ apply \ foundation \ spread \ protect…from )1. Foreign language can ( serveas )a tool.2. We have to ( support ) the roof with pillars.3. Roofs( vary ) in shape from place to place.4. They are trying to achieve the maximum of efficiency with the ( minimum ) of labor.5. He has found a suitable piece of land and an experienced builder ( as well ).6. As he bought the fire( insurance ), he didn’t suffer severe ly from the great fire.7. As indicated the ( foundation )are bases of the building, which play an important part in construction.8. We should ( apply ) theory to practice.9. The disease( is spreadby )flies.We should ( protect )our plants ( from ) the cold.四．翻译句子（30％）1. Materials used for doors and window frames are timber, iron and aluminum alloys. ( 用于门、窗框的材料可以是木材、铁、铝合金。
土建专业英语课后习题答案
1.Geology has a vital part to play in all engineering operations which interact in any way with the ground, and thus the science is critical to the entire field of civil engineering.地质发挥任何方式与地面交互的所有工程业务的一个重要组成部分，因此科学是整个土木工程领域的关键。
2.Environmental impact statements are now often mandatory before construction can be started.环境影响报告书，现在常常是强制性的，才可以开始建设。
3.In London,because the city is built on a great basin of unconsolidated material(including the well-known London clay),tube railways, located far below ground level and built in clay that was easily and economically excavated, have provided an admirable solution to one part of the city's transportation problems.在伦敦，因为这个城市是一个松散材料（包括著名的伦敦粘土），管铁路，位于远低于地面和建在粘土，轻松和经济出土，大盆地建成，提供了一个令人钦佩的解决方案部分城市的交通问题。
4.Courses on foundation engineering and construction methods present excellent opportunities for geologic lessons.基础工程和施工方法的课程，目前地质教训的极好的机会。
宁波大学土木工程施工考试题库与答案
宁波大学土木工程施工考试题库与答案土木工程施工员考试题库一、单项选择题1．开挖高度大于2米的干燥基坑,宜选用( D )。
A、抓铲挖土机B、拉铲挖土机C、反铲挖土机D、正铲挖土机2．选用平碾,填每层的铺土的厚度和压实遍数应分别是( C )。
A、200～350mm,3～４遍B、200～250mm, 3～４遍C、200～300mm,6～8遍D、200～250mm, 6～8遍3．根据土的坚硬程度，可将土分为八类，其中前四类土由软到硬的排列顺序为（A）。
A、软粘土、普通土、坚土、砾砂坚土B、普通土、软粘土、坚土、砾砂坚土C、软粘土、普通土、砾砂坚土、坚土D、坚土、砾砂坚土、软粘土、普通土4．在土填筑时，常以土的（ C ）作为土的夯实标准。
A、可松性B、天然密度C、干密度D、含水量5．填土的密实度常以设计规定的（ B ）作为控制标准。
A、可松性系数B、隙率C、渗透系数D、压实系数6．填工程中，若采用的填料具有不同透水性时，宜将透水性较大的填料（C）。
A、填在上部B、填在中间C、填在下部D、与透水性小的填料掺杂7．铲运机适用于（B）。
A、中小型基坑开挖B、大面积场地平整C、河道清淤D、挖土装车8．在地下水的处理法中，属于降水法的是( A )。
A、集水坑B、水泥旋喷桩C．地下连续墙D、深层搅拌水泥桩10．正铲挖土机适宜开挖（C）A、停机面以下的Ⅰ～Ⅳ类土的大型基坑B、有地下水的基坑C、停机面以上的Ⅰ～Ⅳ类土的大型基坑D、独立柱基础的基坑11．检查填质量的依据是（B ）A．施工控制干密度 B. 土的最大干密度C．实际干密度 D. 压实系数12．地下水位较低的基坑，深8m，土层为III类干黄土，则选择的挖土机械应为（ B ）。
A．推土机 B. 反铲挖土机 C. 拉铲挖土机 D. 正铲挖土机13．可进行场地平整、基坑开挖、土压实、松土的机械是（ A ）。
A、推土机B、铲运机C、平地机D、摊铺机14．反铲挖土机能开挖（ B ）。
2006级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷B
土木工程专业(建筑工程方向)专业英语期末考试试题
土木工程专业（建筑工程方向）专业英语期末考试试题土木工程专业（建筑工程方向）专业英语期末考试试题考试说明：试卷共80分，考试时间60分钟，采用半开卷方式考核。
第一部分：翻译（20分）1、 Cement is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate (smallstones, crushed rock, or gravel), and water to make concrete. Concrete has a high and its strength depends on the proportion in which cement, and stones and water are mixed. It hardens with age and process of hardening continues for a long time after the concrete has attained sufficient strength.2、用英文给出理论力学的定义。
第二部分：单词（40分）1、高性能商品混凝土2、应力3、脆性4、框架结构5、悬臂梁6、剪力分配法7、材料力学8、工程力学9、永久荷载10、承重墙11、钢筋商品混凝土12、先张法13、挠度14、抗压强度15、砌体16、螺栓连接17、粗骨料18、刚度19、收缩20、桩基础21、内横墙22、踢脚23、屈服强度24、力偶25、伸长率26、素商品混凝土27、高层建筑28、施工机械29、有限元法30、稳定性31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、楼梯大厅上部结构沉降计算简图各向同性结论应力-应变曲线剪力墙建筑施工第三部分：选择题（12分）1、 Who was the first man that called himself a civil engineer?A. John SmeatonB. Thomas ThefordC. sir Benjiamin BakerD.Jamse Brindley2、 Which type of subdiscipline of civil engineer deals with soil, rock andunderground water, and their relation with design, construction and operation of engineering projects?A. structural engineerB. environmental engineeringC. geotechnical engineeringD. survey engineering3、 Building can be classified according to their number of storeys, and thenaccording to this classification, a 12-storey residential building is a building.A．low-rise building B. mid-high-rise buildingC. mid-rise buildingD. high-rise building4、 Nowadays surface.A. RoofB. RoadC. RailwayD. Concrete第四部分：学习专业英语的意见与建议（8分）从教学方法，教材及学习效果和收获方面入手。
土木工程专业英语 测试二
版本二土木工程专业英语测试二（unit4 & unit 5&unit 6 ）得分________________班级_________________ 姓名_________________ 学号___________________Test 2Part 1Section A: Translate the following Chinese items into English (20’)1.承重墙bearing wall2.水平梁horizontal beams3.高层建筑high-storey building4.垂直柱vertical support5.内墙与外墙interior and exterior wall6.总工chief engineer7.项目经理project manager 8.工程部works department9.总部headquarter 10.施工人员constructor11.工作效率work efficiency 12.智能楼宇intelligent building13.混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer 14.质量与安全quality and safety15.地下工程underground works 16.打桩机piling machine17.连续基础continuous foundation 18.软土compressible /soft soil19.剪力实验sheer test 20.独立垫式基础independent foundationSection A: Translate the following Chinese items into English (20’)1.sharply-pointed ridge 尖顶2. honeycomb bricks _空心砖3. qualified engineer合格的工程师4. cleaning up 清场5. at the lowest cost 以最低的成本6. in harmony和谐一致7. plan and speed of the job工程计划与进度8. within the required time在规定的时间内9. superstructure上层结构10. trial operation试验施工11. precast concrete piles预制混凝土桩12. strength variation test 应力变化测试13. vertical tolerance垂直误差14. triaxial tests三轴试验15. a soil mechanics survey土力学勘探16. soil sample土样17. differential settlement不均匀沉降18. soil stratum土层19. steel joists 钢梁20. plain concrete without reinforcement不加钢筋的素混凝土Part 2 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (45’)1．Buildings must be able to carry not only their own load, but also the weight of the people and objects within them. (4)房屋不仅仅能够承担其自身的重量，还能承担屋内人和物的重量。
【VIP专享】土建专业英语课后习题答案
1.Geology has a vital part to play in all engineering operations which interact in any way with the ground, and thus the science is critical to the entire field of civil engineering.地质发挥任何方式与地面交互的所有工程业务的一个重要组成部分，因此科学是整个土木工程领域的关键。
2.Environmental impact statements are now often mandatory before construction can be started.环境影响报告书，现在常常是强制性的，才可以开始建设。
3.In London,because the city is built on a great basin of unconsolidated material(including the well-known London clay),tube railways, located far below ground level and built in clay that was easily and economically excavated, have provided an admirable solution to one part of the city's transportation problems.在伦敦，因为这个城市是一个松散材料（包括著名的伦敦粘土），管铁路，位于远低于地面和建在粘土，轻松和经济出土，大盆地建成，提供了一个令人钦佩的解决方案部分城市的交通问题。
4.Courses on foundation engineering and construction methods present excellent opportunities for geologic lessons.基础工程和施工方法的课程，目前地质教训的极好的机会。
土木工程专业英语试题
《土木工程专业英语》课程试题学生姓名：刘文奇学号： 2015610263原文：Modern Buildings and Structural MaterialsMany great buildings built in earlier ages are still in existence and in use. Among them are the Pantheon and the Colosseum in Rome, Hagia Sophia in Istanbul; the Gothic churches of France and England, and the Renaissance cathedrals, with their great domes, like the Duomo in Florence and St. Peter’s in Rome.They are massive structures with thick stone walls that counteract the thrust of their great weight. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on its other parts.These great buildings were not the product of knowledge of mathematics and physics. They were constructed instead on the basis of experience and observation, often as the result of trial and error. One of the reasons they have survived is because of the great strength that was built into them-strength greater than necessary in most cases. But the engineers of earlier times also had their failure. In Rome, for example, most of the people lived in insulae, great tenement blocks that were often ten stories high. Many of them were poorly constructed and sometimes collapsed with considerable loss of life.Today, however, the engineer has the advantage not only of empirical information, but also of scientific data that permit him to make careful calculations in advance. When a modern engineer plans a structure, he takes into account the total weight of all its component materials. This is known as the dead load, which is the weight of the structure itself. He must also consider the live load, the weight of all the people, cars, furniture, machines, and so on that the structure will support when it is in use. In structures such as bridges that will handle fast automobile traffic, he must consider the impact, the force at which the live load will be exerted on the structure. He must also determine the safety factor, that is, an additional capability to make the structure stronger than the combination of the three other factors.The modern engineer must also understand the different stresses to which the materials in a structure are subject. These include the opposite forces of compression and tension. In compression the material is pressed or pushed together; in tension the material is pulled apart or stretched, like a rubber band. In addition to tension and compression, another force is at work, namely shear, which we defined as the tendency of a material to fracturealong the lines of stress. The shear might occur in a vertical plane, but it also might run along the horizontal axis of the beam, the neutral plane, where there is neither tension nor compression.Altogether, three forces can act on a structure: vertical-those that act up or down; horizontal-those that act sideways; and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion. Forces that act at an angle are a combination of horizontal and vertical forces. Since the structures d esigned by civil engineers are intended to be stationary or stable, these forces must be kept in balance. The vertical forces, for example, must be equal to each other. If a beam supports a load above, the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight. The horizontal forces must also equal each other so that there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left. And forces that might pull the structure around must he countered with forces that pull in the opposite direction.One of the most spectacular engineering failures of modern times, the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940, was the result of not considering the last of these factors carefully enough. When strong gusts of wind, up to sixty-five kilometers an hour, struck the bridge during a storm, they set up waves along the roadway of the bridge and also a lateral motion that caused the roadway to fall. Fortunately, engineers learn from mistakes, so it is now common practice to test scale models of bridges in wind tunnels for aerodynamic resistance.The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tar-like substance or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romans sometimes used iron rods or clamps to strengthen their buildings. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have holes drilled in them for iron bars that have now rusted away. The Romans also used a natural cement called pozzolana, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water.Both steel and cement, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon, had been made up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage of steel is its tensile strength; that is, it does not lose its strength when it is under a calculated degree of tension, a force which, as we have seen, tends to pull apart many materials. New alloys have further increased the strength of steel and eliminated some ofits problems, such as fatigue, which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress.Modern cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture of limestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a powder. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate (small stones, crushed rock, or gravel), and water to make concrete. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with different strength and weight. Concrete is very versatile; it can be poured, pumped, or even sprayed into all kinds of shapes. And whereas steel has great tensile strength, concrete has great strength under compression. Thus, the two substances complement each other.They also complement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tension will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bond-the force that unites them-that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still anotheradvantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.Prestressed concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strength. They are then used to prestress concrete, usually by pretensioning or posttensioning method. Prestressed concrete has made it possible to develop buildings with unusual shapes, like some of the modern sports arenas, with large spaces unbroken by any obstructing supports. The uses for this relatively new structural method are constantly being developed.The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings.Attempts are also being made to produce concrete with more strength and durability, and with a lighter weight. One system that helps cut concrete weight to some extent uses polymers, which are long chainlike compounds used in plastics, as part of the mixture.译文：现代建筑和结构材料许多早期伟大建筑依然沿用至今。
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答：The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function, its environment, and various socioeconomic factors.
3、建筑学要求有恰当的比例，即令人愉快的虚与实、高与宽、长与宽的关系。
1、They coordinate the activities of virtually everyone engaged in the work.
答：事实上，他们协调工程中每个人的活动。
2、They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds.
答：Architecture calls for good proportions—apleasing relationship of voids to solids, of height to width, of length to breadth.
4、许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。
答：他们也可以管理规模从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司。
3、Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required.
答：因为所需墙体的厚度很大，承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。
XX大学2009年下学期2006级
《土木工程专业英语》课程考试试卷（A卷参考答案）
适用年级专业2006级土木工程专业
考试方式（开卷）考试时间120分钟
学院专业班级
学号姓名
题
号
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
总分
阅卷
教师
得
分
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
得
分
一、将下述四个汉语句子翻译成英语（每小题5分，共20分）
3、本科毕业生-----------------------------4、refuse disposal----------------------------垃圾处理
5、水资源工程-------------------------------water resources engineering
4、The system consists of an outer framed tube of very closely spaced columns and an interior rigid shear wall tube enclosing the central service area.
答：Many teaching civil engineers engage in basic research that eventually leads to technical innovations in construction materials and methods.
得
分
二、将下述句子翻译成中文（每小题5分，共20分）
6、framed tube--------------------------------框架筒
7、转包合同-----------------------------------subcontractors
8、as discussed above------------------------如上所述
1、所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态，说得更精确些，这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。
答：All soils beneath the surface are in a state of compaction; that is, they are under a pressure that is equal to the weight of the soil column above it.
答：混凝土体系：尽管钢结构的高层建筑起步早，但钢筋混凝土结构的高层建筑以非常快的速度发展，这足以向用于办公楼和公寓楼的钢结构体系提出严峻的挑战。
2
Pipeline engineering. In this branch of civil engineering, engineers build pipelines and related facilities which transport liquids, gases, or solidsranging fromcoalslurries（泥浆）(mixed coal and water) and semiliquid wastes,towater, oil, and various types of highly combustible and noncombustible gases. The engineersdetermine①pipelinedesign,②the economic and environmentalimpactof a project on regions it must traverse,③the type ofmaterialsto be used-steel, concrete, plastic,④orcombinationsof various materials-installation techniques,⑤methodsfor testing pipeline strength, and⑥controlsfor maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported. When hazardous materials are being carried, safety is a major consideration as well.
答：该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。
得
分
三、翻译下述专业词语（英译汉或汉译英）（每小题2分，共20分）
1、结构工程----------------------------------structural engineering
2、geotechnical engineering---------------岩土工程
9、钢筋混凝土---------------------------------reinforced concrete
10、ultrahigh-rise building--------------------超高层建筑
得
分
四、将下述段落翻译汉语（每小题10分，共40分）
1
Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steelhad an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressedat a fastenough rate to providea competitive challengetostructural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings.