研究生英语期末考题-A
03研究生英语水平测试A卷(含答案)
English Qualification Examination PaperFor the Postgraduates of Information Engineering UniversityPaper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section 1:Directions: In this section, you are going to listen to an IT professional discussing the dangers of the internet. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once.Questions 1--7Complete the table below. Write no more than three words for each answer.Questions 8--10Choose the correct letters A-C.8. What do email service providers do to protect you?A. issue expensive phone billsB. provide filter functionsC. provide an identity9. How do offenders avoid detection?A. They take a lot from many people.B. They take a little from one person.C. They take a little from many people.10. Who can you seek for assistance?A. the victimsB. institutions and organizationsC. an internet officeSection 2: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 111. A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.B. The differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language.C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of languagedevelopment.D. The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.12. A. To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.13. A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire language earlier than thoseto a single language.B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.C. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.D. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.14. A. They understand the rhythm.B. They enjoy the sounds of them.C. They can remember them easily.D. They focus on their parents’ work.Passage 215. A. The new system the immigration office hasB. The tips for applicants to line upC. The information immigrants have to provideD. The procedure applicants have to obey16. A. They are scared of the thieves.B. They are more careful than before.C. They are afraid of being sent back home.D. There are no thieves now.17. A. They start lining up outside the building at 6:00 p.m.B. They can finish their application in an hour.C. They have to make an appointment 15 minutes before.D. 40 applicants can be processed in an hour.Passage 318. A. It won’t have any side-effectB. It can be as effective as conventional treatmentsC. It can kill drug-resistant tumoursD. It can stop cancer cells from spreading in the body19. A. How to strengthen the body’s immune systemB. How to inject viruses directly into tumoursC. How to allow viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs doD. How to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours effectively20. A. To use it to cure 75% of the patients with malignant cancersB. To apply it to treat all kinds of cancersC. To make it accepted by the patients with incurable cancersD. To apply it to those with secondary cancersSection 3: Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.From a personal 21. _______, to doing searches on the Internet, to the autopilot function, simple artificial intelligence, or AI, has been around for some time, but is quickly getting more 22. _______ and more intelligent.“If we are going to make systems that are going to be more intelligent than us, it’s absolutely essential for us to understand how to absolutely 23. _______ that they only do things that we are happy with.”Computer science professor Stuart Russell says, many present-day jobs that are labor 24. _______, or require data analysis, such as in the financial industry, will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence.“But if we replaced all the jobs that require human physical labor and then we replace all the jobs that require human mental labor, then you have to ask about what, what’s left?”Guruduth Banavar of IBM sees a future in which new jobs skills will be 25. _______.“The future will require everybody to work with these learning reasoning machines. So I think the skill set for many of these jobs will end up being different in the future.”Russell envisions that AI will change the economy and the 26. _______life.“Most people will be employed, possibly even self-employed, in providing 27. _______ personal services to other human beings, that we won’t have mass employment in manufacturing or in financial services. The kinds of scenarios where there is a giant factory or a giant office building with thousands of people doing the same thing will go away.”Artificial intelligence is already transforming the health care industry. AI can process huge 28. _______ data and have the most up-to-date research to help doctors diagnose and treat patients. IBM’s Watson 29. _______________________________________________________ in North and South America, Europe and Asia.“The difference between going to a doctor who has Wats on versus not having Watson is very big, because when you go to a doctor today you might find somebody who is 10 years out of date.”But there is also a dangerous side of artificial intelligence-autonomous weapons out of drone technology .“The risk with a utonomous weapons is that people will use them as a kind of poor man’s weapon of mass destruction-a poor man’s nuclear weapon.”Russell says 30. _______________________________________________ to ban this type of weapon.“It is a race against time because the weapons are starting to emerge, the research is moving into development, development is moving into production.”While it is up for debate whether artificial intelligence will hurt or benefit mankind, researchers say, it is a fact that 31. __________________________________________________ many aspects of life.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)AI-spyARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is barging its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are harnessing AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22bn on AI related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank, reckons that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7trn over the next 20 years. Google’s boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.Such forecasts kindle anxiety as well as hope. Many fret that AI could destroy jobs faster than it creates them. Barriers to entry from owning and generating data could lead to a handful of dominant firms in every industry.Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Using AI, managers can gain extraordinary control over their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that tracks the hand movements of warehouse workers and uses vibrations to make them more efficient. Workday, a software firm, sums up around 60 factors to predict which employees will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID cards that can track employees around the office and reveal how well they interact with colleagues.Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes surveillance worthwhile, because every bit of data is potentially valuable. Few laws govern how data are collected at work, and many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when they sign their employment contract. Where does all this lead?Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.Employees will gain, too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms, if designed correctly, can be more impartial. Software can mark patterns that people might miss. Textio, a startup that uses AI to improve job descriptions, has found that women are likelier to respond to a job that mentions “developing” a team rather than “managing” one. Algor ithms will pick up differences in pay between genders and races, as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers consciously or unconsciously overlook.Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers. They can also have unintended consequences. The length of a commute may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity.And surveillance may make us feel being controlled. People have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. Companies are starting to monitor how much time employees spend on breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computers in order to judge how committed they are to their company. Firms can use AI to sift through not just employ ees’ professional communications but their social-media profiles, too.Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far. If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially vulnerable. That could fuel a revival of labour unions seeking to represent employees’ interests and to set norms. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their work places and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it restricts and dehumanizes employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity.Section A: Questions 32-36 (5×1=5 points)Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-36 on your answer sheet, chooseA for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.32.Google’s boss has gone too far to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fi re orelectricity.33.People are worried that with the development of AI, every industry will be controlled by onlya few companies because obstacles exist in owning and generating data.34.Many employees disagree with the surveillance when they sign their employment contract.35.Algorithms, if designed correctly, can entirely avoid biases in workplace.bour unions seeking to represent employe es’ inte rests oppose the application of AI inworkplace.Section B: Questions 37-44 (8×1=8 points)Directions: Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in blanks 37-44 on your answer sheet.37.Predictions on AI brought us not only _______, but also hope.38.__________ at work has existed for a long time. For example, time recorders are widely usedin factories and offices; workers are observed by their bosses on computers.39.Machines can help ensure _________ in pay rises and promotions if algorithms are designedcorrectly.40.If your skills are not in demand, you will be especially _________, and are less likely to beable to resist the surveillance.41.In ________ the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to be consideredto guide its spread.42.To keep personal privacy, data should be __________ where possible.43.Individuals should be allowed to _______ their own data, no matter they are ex-workers orjobseekers.44.The application of AI in the workplace calls for a _________ between privacy and efficiency.Section C: Question 45 (2 points)Directions: Paraphrase the following sentence. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.45. The choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.______________________________________________________________________________ ———————————————————————————————————————Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)46.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.A claim more often made by mathematicians is that mathematics is one of the finest flowerings of the human spirit, a temple of enduring knowledge built piece by piece over the ages. But if so it is a temple with few worshipers, unknown to most of humankind. Mathematics plays no role in mass culture, it cannot evoke the emotions and inspire the awe that music and sculpture do, it is not a significant companion in the lives of more than a very few. And yet it is worth asking whether mathematics is essentially remote, or merely poorly communicated. Perhaps it is a remediable ignorance, not an inability that now limits appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics by a wider audience.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)47.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on the Answer Sheet.物联网是由物理对象，例如：设备、车辆和建筑等等，连接而成的网络。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读a完型期末复习填空汇总
完型填空A套一单元1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our villageon the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个水恒的志愿。
那就是当轮船上的水手．我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的、马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小又第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活。
我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上。
品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。
这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。
研究生英语期末考题-A
PART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Goal Setting is extremely important to __________ and success.A. mediationB. initiationC. motivationD. adaptation32. The Football Club recognizes that in the competitive world of professional football, they must be ambitious, creative and _________ to change.A. originalB. potentialC. adaptiveD. intellectual33. No longer confined to working in the bedroom, wireless ________ to the Internet has been made available in most hotels.A. accessB. pursuitC. peerD. acquisition34. With regard to fuel, the urgent _______ is to save and replace oil.A. allotmentB. priorityC. competencyD. efficacy35. Scientists ________ spacemen to all kinds of tests before they send them up in rockets.A. subjectB. adoptC. ensureD. restore36. English is one of the world’s _________ languages, so we must try to learn it well.A. moderateB. obviousC. predominantD. undeniable37. Before getting it printed, she went through the typescript carefully to _______ all errors from it.A. diminishB. eliminateC. indicateD. extend38. There have been studies showing that smoking and lung cancer are closely __________.A. interactedB. overlappedC. emphasizedD. correlated39. His speech _________ the difficulties involved in the Project Hope.B. computerizedC. mobilizedD. subsidized40. The President has promised his hope in his speech the ________ of economic growth.A. abilityB. sustainabilityC. mobilityD. productivity41. The government has _________ the task of building the Olympic stadium to the construction team.A. assignedB. assessedC. assistedD. assembled42. I think we should be able to ________ the airplane ticket so that you can start tomorrow.A. struggleB. mingleC. wangleD. double43. Schools were located in the same campus to ________ the sharing of resources.A. facilitateB. appreciateC. illustrateD. evaluate44. The budget of constructing the across-sea bridge between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao was ______ by the respective governments.A. assembledB. approvedC. appointedD. applauded45. His mother was hard-working and ________ for her four children.A. carefulB. ambitiousC. regardlessD. influential46. Older people are more ________ to the virus.A. linkedB. involvedC. susceptibleD. protective47. The company said the debt was _______ during its acquisition of nine individual businesses.A. reducedB. paidC. cancelled48. Many people are still complaining that there are so many _______ in our education system.A. defectsB. variationsC. programsD. tests49. Financial experts have _______ signs that the economy is beginning to improve.A. detectedB. designedC. influencedD. predicted50. As many as 100 species of fish, some _______ to these waters may have been affected by the pollution.A. uniqueB. dependentC. dispensableD. essential51. He excels at _________ language games that can be used for students in class.A. devotingB. accountingC. cultivatingD. devising52. The newspaper gives a somewhat _______ report of what actually happened.A. fascinatedB. distortedC. depressedD. devised53. In fact, there is a greater _______ of wildlife of the four-footed in the more temperate southern regions.A. influenceB. abundanceC. effectD. importance54. Our company aims to continue operating in this way next year and welcome your feedback on this _________ of delivery.A. traitB. modeC. resourceD. goal55. Manpower resource building is a key to _________ competitive capacity and service quality.A. allocatingB. reactingC. overwhelmingD. upgrading56. Tickets will be _______ on a first come, first served basis on the day of the event according to the capacity of the venue.B. upgradedC. allocatedD. achievedPART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Summaries can be obtained for free; you need to _______ to get the full reports.A. adaptB. participateC. enhanceD. subscribe32. With great efforts and __________, he successfully obtained his Ph.D.A. acquisitionB. flexibilityC. persistenceD. intellectuality33. I reminded children of how we did this and we clapped the _________ together.A. outletB. rhythmC. accessD. priority34. Although Grandma is 80 years old, she _________ a clear memory of her schooldays.A. attainsB. retainsC. obtainsD. attends35. New research suggests that species that grow too large may be more _______ to extinction.A. viableB. proneC. likelyD. suffering36. Disappointed at failing the test, Peter lay there _______ for a long time.A. moralB. immoralC. mobileD. immobile37. “We will ________ this physics problem in the next class”, said Prof. Huang.A. combatB. confessC. sustainD. address38. The pupils have been told that breathing exercises can help to ________ stress.A. relieveB. tripleD. divert39. It is a common practice that on the eve of Chinese Spring Festival, all night long fireworks _______into the sky.A. easeB. soarC. combatD. swell40. The refugees of the flood have been living in _________ housing provided by the authorities.A. sustainedB. mobilizedC. subsidizedD. eased41. She turned her head, _________ to his grin with a smile.A. respondingB. leadingC. objectingD. devoting42. They are working to ensure that their market share remains ________ against competition.A. consequentB. alternativeC. sureD. secure43. Mr. Baker’s assistant telephoned to _______ his appointment with the chairman.A. confirmB. orderC. questionD. appoint44. Japanese food has been presented as expensive and ________ for special occasions.A. gatheredB. reservedC. collectedD. relieved45. Much later, he ________ with his son Michael on the English translation of a text on anti-aging.A. dealtB. collaboratedC. agreedD. compared46. The operation ________ putting a small tube into your heart.A. conductsB. managesC. involvesD. performs47. The ________ of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.B. probabilityC. aspectD. sequence48. For the sake of convenience, the photographs are shown in chronological __________.A. sequenceB. processC. activityD. schedule49. It was dangerous to visit earthquake-hit area, but she set out _______ of the risk.A. recklessB. regardC. regardlessD. hideously50. We can solve our _______ affairs by our own intelligence.A. indoorB. insideC. outdoorD. internal51. The new Prime Minister is _______ relationships with old Eastern Bloc countries.A. accountingB. excludingC. cultivatingD. pursuing52. He came in with four shopping bags and _______ them on the table.A. tookB. devotedC. pursuedD. dumped。
武汉大学研究生英语期末试题-2010(含答案及评分)
English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
长安大学研究生期末英语考试题（答案）
长安大学研究生期末英语考试题（答案）长安大学研究生期末英语考试题(答案)长安大学2011-2012 学年第一学期硕士研究生英语试题（A）卷考生注意事项:一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。
两份试卷合并装订成试题册。
二．试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB 或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。
三．试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。
请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。
四．答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。
答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。
试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。
考[A] on drug [B] dopedout[C] onwelfare[D] onpension2. His speech was made with such greatambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true position.[A] neatnes s [B]acquisition[C]vagueness[D]perception3. The eating process is a time to show humilityand concern for others.[A] mode sty [B]abuse [C]responsibility [D]passion4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again.[A] in the black [B] in thered[C] in theblue[D] in thegreen5. While participation in business teams canoffer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also cause great distress.[A] spiritual [B]physical[C]natural[D]equitable6. Even when government regulations appearspecially formulated to support the culture of cuisine, they often go astray.[A] defined [B]collected[C] studied [D] stated7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one ofthe longest surviving philosophical systems.[A] living [B]existing[C] having [D]acting8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparingoneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge.[A]self-insi ght. [B]self-satisfaction[C]self-esteem[D]self-respect9. Under pressure, or change of interest,Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time;but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.[A] expand [B]formulate [C]wipeout[D] getout10. Government employees living in remotecommunities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.[A] welfare [B]reduction[C] dole [D]subsidySection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section.Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from thefour choices given to best completeeach sentence.11.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of ________that you can count on to get the job done.[A] science [B] technology [C] expertise [D]ability12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between ________and industry.[A] academia [B]specialization [C]major [D]school13. Guangdong Province is located in southernChina，with a_______climate and abundant produce all year round.[A] harsh [B] mild [C]excessive [D]humid14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo Riverafter being politically_________.[A] sentenced [B] abused [C] treated unjustly [D] banished15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _________and concern for others.[A] hospitality [B] vigor [C] carefulness [D] humility16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed loversmay wonder where the “spark ”in their relationship has gone and may________regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.[A] reminisce [B] expect [C] wish [D] cuddle17. These misconceptions often lead tounrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _________.[A][B] disappearance [C] discourage [D] disillusionmentdisapproval18. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _________but on the home-front as well.[A] battlefront [B]endeavor [C] majesty [D] battlefield19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in______ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , and the same aspirations as the men and women of today.[A] aspiration [B] antiquity [C] happiness [D] order20. Human nature is the basis of character, thetemperament and _________; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built.[A] alteration [B] improvement [C] disposition [D] naturePart II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back andchoose one item of suitableword(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]for each blank in the passage. Markthe corresponding letter of the word(s)you have chosen with a single baracross the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited __21__. No two people will have ever __22__ the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and __23__ them into the mosaic of his own life pattern. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to the systems of faith or education. Each __24__ to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities __25__ in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change ofinterest, they can partially or wholly __26__ from view for considerable periods of time; but __27__ can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.Although man is potentially __28__ he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be __29__ for preachers, teachers and humanitarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. __30__ while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed and this should be the supreme __31__ of our religious, educational and social institutions.Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally. The spirit is perfect, but when it __32__ human structures, it participates in the imperfections of __33__; and during its association with matterstakes on a mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man---the personality and the physical body---becomes imperfect, due to ignorance,wrong thinking and __34__ of the laws of being. The outer man, too, was originally perfect, __35__ man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far __36__ from the original model. Man’s inherent goodness, moreover, is __37__ by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Human nature does not and cannot __38__ but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its __39__ can be known. We can only endeavor __40__ man as he is.21. [A] power [B] control [C]privilege[D]management22.[A] draw [B] take [C]withdraw[D]acquire23.[A] put [B] mold [C] fit [D] match24.[A]stick[B] form [C] shape [D] hold25.[A] born [B]produced[C]developed[D] bought26.[A] [B] peep [C] behold [D] appear disappear27.[A] something [B] anything[C]nothing[D]everything28. [A] perfect [B]common[C]ordinary[D]general29.[A]much [B]nominal[C]nothing[D]minority30.[A]Althou gh [B] Therefore[C]Providing[D]Nevertheless31.[A] purpose [B]assignment[C]accomplishment[D]function32.[A] accommod ates [B] inhabits[C]shelters[D]dormers33.[A] the latter [B]theforme r[C] thebetter[D] thelater34.[A] realization [B]fulfillment[C]violation[D]accomplishment35.[A] and [B] but[C] thus [D] then36.[A] cry [B] shout [C] scream [D] criterion37.[A] hidden [B]covered[C]revealed[D]disclosed38.[A] develop [B] change [C] reform [D]disappear39.[A] laws[B] crust [C]principles [D] appearanc e40.[A] understan ding [B] to beunderstood[C] beingunderstood[D] tounderstandPart III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Readeach passage carefully, and then dothe questions that follow. Choose thebest answer [A],[B],[C] or [D], andmark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square bracketon your Machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Passage OneActing is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of goingon the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films ortelevision.Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory.A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.[A] actors are very unusual people[B] the course at the drama school lasts two years[C] acting is really a hard job[D] there are already too many actors42. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.[A] do all kinds of stage work [B] work for long hours[C]wait for a better company[D] act well43. According to the context, the sentence "Butyoung actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.[A] they don't care if their job is hard[B] they like the stage naturally[C] they are born happy[D] they are easily satisfied44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.[A] learning some lessons about the art of speaking[B] playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"[C] successfully matching the most famous actors[D] a cting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time45. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.[A] all at once [B] once for a long time[C] once in a while [D] once and for allPassage TwoDesegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in educationfor all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especiall y at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions,however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.College completion rates for young blacks have increasedsubstantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of。
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。
每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。
以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。
一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。
2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。
3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。
二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。
41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。
云农大学研一专硕英语精读A卷附答案
学号：姓名：云南农业大学2014 —2015 学年 上 学期期末考试 2014级硕士研究生精读（I ）试卷（A 卷） （课程代码 1401210676001-1 ） 本试题满分100分，考试时间120分钟。
Part I Match (15%, 1.5 points each ) Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a number. Writer down your answer on the answer sheet. JUST TAKE AWAY THEIR GUNS (A) The president （William Clinton ）wants still tougher gun control legislation and thinks it will work. The public supports more gun control laws but suspects they won't work. The public is right. (B) Legal restraints on the lawful purchase of guns will have little effect on the illegal use of guns. There are some 200 million guns in private ownership, about one-third of them handguns. Only about 2 percent of the latter are employed to commit crimes. It would take a Draconian, and politically impossible, confiscation of legally purchased guns to make much of a difference in the number used by criminals. Moreover, only about one-sixth of the handguns used by serious criminals are purchased from a gun shop or pawnshop. Most of these handguns are stolen, borrowed or obtained through private purchases that wouldn't be affected by gun laws. (C) What is worse, any successful effort to shrink the stock of legally purchased guns (or of ammunition) would reduce the capacity of law-abiding people to defend themselves. Gun control advocates scoff at the importance of self-defense, but they are wrong to do so. Based on a household survey, Gary Kleck, a criminologist at Florida State University, has estimated that every year, guns are used -- that is, displayed or fired -- for defensive purposes more than a million times, not counting their use by the police. If his estimate is correct,第1页（共 7 页） 密封线this means that the number of people who defend themselves with a gun exceeds the number of arrests for violent crimes and burglaries.(D) Our goal should not be the disarming of law-abiding citizens. It should be to reduce the number of people who carry guns unlawfully, especially in places—on streets, in taverns---where the mere presence of a gun can increase the hazards we all face. The most effective way to reduce illegal gun carrying is to encourage the police to take guns away from people who carry them without a permit. This means encouraging the police to make street frisks.(E) The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution bans ―unreasonable searches and seizures.‖In 1968 the Supreme Court decided (Terry v. Ohio) that a frisk---patting down a person’outer clothing ----is proper if the officer has a ―reasonable suspicion‖ that the person is armed and dangerous. If a pat down reveals an object that might be a gun, the officer can enter the suspect’s pocket to remove it. If the gun is being carried illegally, the suspect can be arrested.(F)The reasonable suspicion test is much less stringent than the probable-cause standard the police must meet in order to make an arrest. A reasonable suspicion, however, is more than just a hunch; it must be supported by specific facts. The courts have held, not always consistently, that these facts include someone acting in a way that leads an experienced officer to conclude criminal activity may be afoot; someone fleeing at the approach of an officer; a person who fits a drug courier profile; a motorist stopped for a traffic violation who has a suspicious bulge in his pocket; a suspect identified by a reliable informant as carrying a gun. The Supreme Court has also upheld frisking people on probation or parole.(G) Some police departments frisk a lot of people, but usually the police frisk rather few, at least for the purpose of detecting illegal guns. In 1992 the police arrested about 240,000 people for illegally possessing or carrying a weapon. This is only about one-fourth as many as were arrested for public drunkenness. The average police officer will make no weapons arrests and confiscate no guns during any given year. Mark Moore, a professor of public policy at Harvard University, found that most weapons arrests were made because a citizen complained, not because the police were out looking for guns.(H)It is easy to see why. Many cities suffer from a shortage of officers, and even those with ample law-enforcement personnel worry about having their cases thrown out for constitutional reasons or being accused of police harassment. But the risk of violating the Constituting or engaging in actual, as opposed to perceived, harassment can be substantially reduced.第2页（共7 页）(I)Each patrol officer can be given a list of people on probation or parole who live on that officer’s beat and be rewarded for making frequent stops to insure that they are not carrying guns. Officers can be trained to recognize the kinds of actions that the Court will accept as providing the ―reasonable suspicion‖ necessary for a stop and frisk. Membership in a gang known for assaults and drug dealing could be made the basis, by statute or Court precedent, for gun frisks.(J)The available evidence supports the claim that self-defense is a legitimate form of deterrence. People who report to the National Crime Survey that they defended themselves with a weapon were less likely to lose property in a robbery or be injured in an assault than those who did not defend themselves. Statistics have shown that would-be burglars are threatened by gun-wielding victims about as many times a year as they are arrested (and much more often than they are sent to prison) and that the chances of a burglar being shot are about the same as his chances of going to jail. Criminals know these facts even if gun control advocates do not and so are less likely to burgle occupied homes in America than occupied ones in Europe, where the residents rarely have guns.(K) Some gun control advocates may concede these points but rejoin that the cost of self-defense is self-injury: Handgun owners are more likely to shot themselves or their loved one than a criminal. Not quite. Most gun accidents involve rifles and shotguns, not handguns. Moreover, the rate of fatal gun accidents has been declining while the level of gun ownership has been rising. There are fatal gun accidents just as there are fatal car accidents, but in fewer than two percent of the gun fatalities was the victim someone mistaken for an intruder.(L)Those who urge us to forbid or severely restrict the sale of guns ignore these facts. Worse, they adopt a position that is politically absurd. In effect, they say, ―Your government, having failed to protect your person and your property from criminal assault, now intends to deprive you of the opportunity to protect yourself.‖(M) Opponents of gun control make a different mistake. The National Rifle Association and its allies tell us that ―guns don’t kill, people kill‖and urge the Government to punish more severely people who use guns to commit crimes. Locking up criminals does protect society from future crimes, and the prospect of being locked up may deter criminals. But our experience with meting out tougher sentences is mixed. The tougher the prospective sentence, the less likely it is to be imposed, or at least to be imposed swiftly. If the Legislature adds on time for crimes committed with a gun, prosecutors often bargain away the add-ons; even when they do not, the judges in many states are reluctant to impose add-ons.(N) Worse, the presence of a gun can contribute to the magnitude of the crime even on the part of those who worry about serving a long prison sentence. Many criminals carry guns not to rob stores but to protect themselves from other armed criminals. Gang violence has become more threatening to bystanders as gang members have第3页（共7 页）begun to arm themselves. People may commit crimes, but guns make some crimes worse. Guns often convert spontaneous outbursts of anger into fatal encounters. When some people carry them on the streets, others will want to carry them to protect themselves, and an urban arms race will be underway.(O)And modern science can be enlisted to help. Metal detectors at airports have reduced the number of airplane bombings and skyjackings to nearly zero. But these detectors only work at very close range. What is needed is a device that will enable the police to detect the presence of a large lump of metal in someone’s pocket from a distance of ten or fifteen feet. Receiving such a signal could supply the officer with reasonable grounds for a pat-down. Underemployed nuclear physicists and electronics engineers in the post-cold-war era surely have the talents for designing a better gun detector.(P)Even if we do all these things, there will still be complaints. Innocent people will be stooped. Young black and Hispanic men will probably be stopped more often than older white Anglo males or women of any race. But if we are serious about reducing drive-by shootings, fatal gang wars and lethal quarrels in public places, we must get illegal guns off the street. We cannot do this by multiplying the forms one fill out at gun shops or by pretending that guns are not a problem until a criminal uses one.1.If a criminal knows that the home owner is equipped with a gun, he may give up the idea of breaking into thehouse. ( )2. A policeman has the right to take the object away from a potential criminal if his patting down the suspect’spocket indicates a possible weapon carrying. ( )3.The fact that many law-abiding citizens buy guns to protect themselves is ignored by those who claim gunpurchase should be controlled. ( )4. A person carrying a gun is likely to kill others when he loses control of his temper even though he didn’tintend to do so. ( )5.It is almost impossible to reduce crimes involving handguns by gun legislation. ( )6.Most people were arrested for being illegally armed with guns largely because the police officers got reportsfrom citizens. ( )7. Sometimes, a person may be accidentally killed because the house owner mistakenly took him as a burglar. ( )8.The policeman can arrest a person if the latter tries to run away when seeing the former walking towards him.( )9. The fear of being put into prison may prevent a criminal from committing a crime. ( )第4页（共7 页）10. People carrying guns illegally in public pose great dangers to others around him ( )Part II. Reading in Depth (30%, 2points each )Directions：In this section, there is a passage with 15 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write down thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.How to live with racial difference has been America’s profound social problem. For the first 100 years or so following emancipation it was controlled by a legally sanctioned inequality that acted as 1 between the races. No longer is this the case. On campuses today, as throughout society, blacks enjoy equality under the law --- a profound social 2 . No student may be kept out of a class or a dormitory or a(n) 3 activity because of his or her race. But there is a paradox here: On a campus where members of all races are gathered, mixed together in the classroom as well as socially, differences are more 4 than ever. And this is where the trouble starts. For members of each race --- young adults coming into their own, often away from home for the first time --- bring to this site of freedom, exploration, and now, today, 5 , very deep fears and anxieties, inchoate feelings of racial shame, anger, and guilt. These feelings could lie dormant in the home, in familiar neighborhoods, in simpler days of childhood. But the college campus, with its structures of interaction and adult-level 6 --- b ig exam, the dorm, the ―mixer‖--- is another matter. I think campus 7 is born of the rub between racial difference and a setting, the campus itself, devoted to interaction and equality. On our campuses, such concentrated micro–societies, all that remains 8 between blacks and whites, all the old wounds and shames that have never been addresses, present themselves for attention --- and present our youth with pressures they cannot always 9 .And there is another, related paradox, stemming from the notion of --- and practice of --- affirmative action. Under the provisions of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, all state governments and institutions (including universities) were forced to 10 plans to increase the proportion of minority and women employees --- in the case of universities, of students too. Affirmative action plans that establish racial quotes were ruled unconstitutional more than ten years ago in University of California Regents v. Bakke. But quotas are only the most 11 aspect of affirmative action; the principle of affirmative action is reflected in various university programs aimed at redressing and overcoming past patterns of discrimination. Of course, to be 12 of the patterns of discrimination--- the fact, say, that public schools in the black inner cities are more crowded and employ fewer top-notch teachers than white suburban 13 schools, and that this is a factor in student performance --- is only reasonable. However, in doing this we also call 14 quite obviously to the difference: in the case of blacks and whites, racial difference. What has emerged on campus in recent years--- as a result of the new equality and affirmative action, in a sense, as a result of progress--- is a politics of difference, a troubling, volatile politics in which each group justifies itself, its sense of worth and its 15 of power, through difference alone.第5页（共7 页）Part III Translation from English into Chinese (20%, 10 points each passage) Directions:Put the following two passages into Chinese. Write your Chinese versions in the corresponding space given on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneI had a long and salutary session with the stuff that night, and as my spiritual bruises became less painful under healing influence, I reviewed the incidents of the past few days. Inescapably, the realization was being borne in upon my preconditioned mind that the centuries-old and universally accepted human concept of wolf character was a palpable lie. On three separate occasions in less than a week I had been completely at the mercy of these ―savage killers;‖ but far from attempting to tear me limb from limb, they had displayed a restraint verging on contempt, even when I invaded their home and appeared to be posing a direct threat to the young pups.Passage twoOpponents of the death penalty frequentl y cite the sixth of the Ten Commandments ―Thou Shalt Not Kill‖ in an attempt to prove that capital punishment is divinely procribed. In the orginal Hebrew, however, the Sixth Commandment reads ―Thou Shalt Not Commit Murder,‖ and the Torah specifies capital punishment for a variety of offenses. The biblical viewpoint has been upheld by philosophers throughout history. Alexis de Tocqueville, For instance, who expressed profound respect for American institutions, believes that the death penalty was indispensable to the support of social order.Part IV Translation from Chinese into English (20%, 10 points each passage )Directions:Put the following two passages into English. Write your English versions in the corresponding space given on your Answer Sheet.Passage One越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。
2013级研究生期末考试英语试卷A-副本
2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷A-副本河北联合⼤学2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷(A)年级：专业：姓名__________ 分数__________Part I Vocabulary (30%)Directions: There are thirty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write the correct answers on your Answer Sheet.1.Theodore Roosevelt was a ____ man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman,explorer, and author.A. ableB. capableC. skillfulD. versatile2. The small town has ____ many changes during last 10 years.A. undergoneB. developedC. involvedD. undertaken3. The old farmer ____ his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. passedB. survivedC. lastedD. endured4. Poor eyesight is a ____ to many students.A. preventionB. backwardnessC. handicapD. shortcoming5. The wheat crop will be ____ without strong spring rains.A. decimatedB. spoiltC. decayedD. delayed6. The various parts of the essays do not adequately ____.A. dependB. interrelateC. relateD. cooperate7. Hot weather ____ the bacteria in the milk rapidly.A. reducesB. decreasesC. multipliesD. enhances8. If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot ____ his office.A. retainB. haveC. obtainD. secure9. We sent him an invitation but he ____.A. refrainedB. declinedC. rejectedD. denied10. The lifeguard pulled the ____ body out of the pool.A. diedB. dyingC. inanimateD. weak11. If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must ____ by its rules.A. agreeB. abideC. confirmD. conform12. ____ you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.A. SinceB. EvenC. IfD. Even if13. The cities were to be ____ and the population distributed in villages.A. deflatedB. reducedC. decayedD. defined14. He gave a ____ account of what has happened.A. discomfortedB. distortedC. dismissedD. discovered15. His speech ____ trouble among the workers.A. firmedB. ferriedC. fermentedD. festered16. The criminal was told he would be ____ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.A. impossibleB. immuneC. improbableD. imminent17. If you ___ the elastic band any more, it will break.A. takeB. graspC. strainD. hold18. The Egyptians ____ an area equal to France and Spain combined.A. inhabitB. liveC. dwellD. settle19. He is ____ considered to be a great explorer.A. after allB. everything butC. by no meansD. all but20. It was a long time before scientists could ____ the mystery of the atom.A. penetrateB. pierceC. permeateD. pervade21. The speaker was a long way ____.A. on the trackB. in the trackC. of the trackD. off the track22. The new government tried to ____ the growing discontent of the people.A. refuseB. defuseC. declineD. deduce23. The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.A. puzzlingB. confusionC. catchD. catching24. They were surprised to see the efficiency of the ____ military machine of that country.A. well-oiledB. well arrangedC. well paidD. well equipped25. He was ____ to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.A. informedB. upsetC. surprisingD. aware26. It is fortunate when a young man?s career goals ____ with what his parents wish for him.A. occurB. happenC. coincideD. take place27. If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs ____.A. break downB. break outC. break awayD. break in28. If your car ____ on a turnpike, wait for assistance.A. rattlesB. is wrongC. worn offD. conks out29. My pencil is ____ to a stump.A. wornB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out30. The waterfall has ____ a hole in the stone.A. worn downB. worn outC. wornD. pierced throughPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Passage 1“My advisor wants me to call him by his first name,” many foreign graduate students in the U.S. have said. “I just can?t do it! It doesn?t seem right. I have to show my respect.”On the other hand, professors have said of foreign students, “They keep bowing and saying …yes, sir, yes, sir.? I can hardly stand it! I wish they?d stop being so polite and just say what they have on their minds.”Differing ideas about formality and respect frequently complicate relationships between American professors and students from abroad, especially Asian students ( and most especially female Asian students).The professors generally prefer informal relationships (sometimes, but not always, including use of first names rather than of titles and family names) and a little acknowledgement of status differences. Many foreign students are used to more formal relationships and sometimes have difficulty bringing themselves to speak to their teachers at all, let alone address them by their given names.The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat , depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationships are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are .But students may show their respect mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem to foreign students to be disrespectful. Americanstudents will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate it. Students, after all, are individuals who have the right to decide for themselves how they are going to act.31. American professors think it ______ to be addressed by their given names.A) acceptable B)disrespectful C) formal D) strange32. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Many foreign students keep informal relationships with their teachers.B) Many foreign students are straightforward with their teachers.C) Many foreign students prefer to be treated differently by their teachers.D) Many foreign students? politeness makes their American professors uncomfortable.33. In the U.S., more formal relationships are typically expected between ____________.A) professors teaching graduate studentsB) graduate students at smaller universitiesC) professors and their students of scienceD) graduate students and their professors at big universities34. The term “status differences” in this passage refers to the fact that___________A) students have different age groupsB) students have different levels of performanceC) teachers are in a higher position of respectD) teachers should change their methods with different students35. American students behave as they please in class because their teachers ___________A) prefer to regard them as their friendsB) hope to make sure they are not nervousC) believe that they should be allowed to do what they likeD) concentrate more on teaching than anything elsePassage 2You and your husband/wife share many of the same points of view and basic values, but you find yourselves continually getting into arguments about significant matters.What's the problem? Is there something wrong with your partner, or the relationship?Before you blame yourself, you should be aware that these arguments may simply be caused by differences in your conversational style, or in how you approach a conversation. According to Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling book You Just Don't Understand, men and women view the world differently, and as a result, they speak and hear things differently."A man sees the world," says Tannen, "as a hierarchical (分等级的) social order in which he's either one up or one down. In this world," she explains, "conversations are negotiations in which people try to achieve and maintain the upper hand if they can, and protect themselves from others' attempts to put them down and push them around."Women, on the other hand, view the world as a network of connections. "In this world," notes Tannen, "conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support. They try to protect themselves from others' attempts to push them away."“These different perspectives are established in childhood. Boys and girls grow up in different …worlds of words?,” Explains Tannen. “They?re talked to differently and take different conversational styles as a result.” These different conversationalstyles continue throughout our adult lives and can lead to a lot of misunderstandings.“Learning about these differences won?t make them go away,”says Tannen. But it can help men and women accept them and understand that each style is valid. It can also help men and women stop blaming themselves and each other when misunderstandings occur, and understand that what seems like bad intentions may actually be good intentions expressed ina different conversational style.36. This passage is written to make the point that ________.A) men and women share the same basic valuesB) men should be blamed for most of the arguments at homeC) appropriate conversational styles are difficult to learnD) different conversational styles may result in misunderstandings37. Judging from Deborah Tannen?s words, it seems that_______.A) men tend to compete with others more than womenB) men are more easygoing than womenC) women tend to live in a world of their ownD) women are more easily hurt than men38. It can be concluded from the passage that a conversational style is formed if one______.A) lives in a particular environment for a long timeB) argues with other people frequentlyC) spends time learning a particular style by painstaking effortsD) tries hard to avoid misunderstandings39. Knowing the differences in conversational styles can help people_________.A) avoid mistakes in their conversationsB) understand each other betterC) tolerate other people?s faultsD) talk more clearly and effectively40. So far as conversational styles are concerned, in the writer?s opinion, ________.A) women?s style is better B) men?s style is betterC) neither is better than the other D) children have the best style because they have none Passage 3Elizabeth's father died when she was nine. Her family was large, and very poor. She struggled for self esteem, but it was difficult when her clothes weren't as nice as the other kids and her new school was still unfamiliar.During a math lesson, Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard and was struggling to understand a concept. With every stroke of the chalk, she became more confused. She had suffered from chronic ear infections (感染), and had missed many days of her fifth grade year. When she finally got the courage to raise her little hand and ask Mr. Thompson how the problem was done, he became very angry. He marched her up in front of the class and told this insecure child that she was "incapable of learning and extremely stupid."This remark plagued (使......困扰）Elizabeth for years.Elizabeth drifted into marriage. After discovering her husband's long time infidelity (不忠），she found herself divorced with three young daughters. She moved back to her home state and tried to pick up the pieces she had left behind.Knowing that she would be the sole support of these children, and having no desire toremarry, Elizabeth started college. Like most good mothers, she wanted the best for her children. She didn't want to deprive them of their mother. She would rise early and stay up late to get every spare minute she could to study.When she received her first "A" she was confused. She thought there must be some mistake. This was Elizabeth, Elizabeth the stupid. When her good grades piled up, she realized for the first time that maybe Mr. Thompson was wrong. She graduated from Brigham Young University, and will soon be receiving her master's degree at California State University in San Bernardino.41. The reason why Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard was that________.A) she had ear infections and could not hear very wellB) she was still overwhelmed by the death of her fatherC) too much homework had made her tired and sickD) what the teacher wrote was beyond her understanding42. Mr. Thompson can be best described as a teacher who was________.A) dull and stupid B) impatient and cruelC) strict with his students D) incapable of making himself understood43. We can learn from the passage that Elizabeth started college because she__________.A) was not a very responsible motherB) needed to be able to support her childrenC) knew she could achieve great success in collegeD) wanted her children to have an educated mother44. Why was Elizabeth confused when she got her first "A"?A) Because she believed that it was a mistake.B) Because she had not studied hard enough.C) Because she felt hurt by other people's comments.D) Because she did not trust her teacher.45. Elizabeth's case shows that_________.A) people can overcome a negative self-image through hard workB) a student can achieve great success even though he or she is stupidC) people who suffer a lot are more likely to work hard and succeed in the end.D) poor children can also receive the best education and rise high in lifePassage 4Keeping out of trouble in marriage by staying quiet is an excellent piece of advice. For example, don't say to your wife, "You forgot to salt the food." You can quietly salt it yourself, as you will not be gaining anything by criticizing your wife. Don't say, "You are always going to your parents, instead of being at home." Instead, if it bothers you, do something interesting with your wife, so that she will want to stay at home.A wife can also cause damage by saying things thoughtlessly. For example, if she says,"Can you stop reading the newspaper and speak to me?" it hurts her husband. Instead, she can get his attention by showing him some affection or telling him something that will interest him. Saying to her husband, "Why do you always leave such a mess after yourself?" only breeds resentment (怨恨) and makes matters worse. Instead of that, she can say, "It would be so great if you would help me by organizing your stuff after you finish." If he has a habit that he cannot change, it is better not to mention it at all, but to learn to live with it, since every word will only aggravate (加剧) the problem more.Most arguments in marriage occur when one spouse expresses a negative opinion of the other. Do not forget that anything you say is well-remembered by your spouse and can cause great damage to your marriage. It is not possible to take back the sting of hurtful words once they have been said; therefore it is much wiser not to say them in the first place.It is always right to praise your spouse. Try to find something nice to say every day. Such words strengthen the bond between a couple, since they show that you care for one another.Saying the right words to your spouse is very important. You very seldom go wrong if you think carefully before you speak.46. In order to keep out of trouble in marriage, one should______.A) point out any mistake one's spouse has madeB) avoid using hurtful wordsC) salt the food oneselfD) stay at home most of the time47.To stop his wife from going to her parents too frequently, the best thing a husband can do is______.A) try to do more housework B) never say anything wrongC) talk to her parents D) do something interesting with her48. To avoid conflict with her husband, it is suggested that the wife_____.A) learn to live with her husband's bad habitB) help her husband in his workC) live away from home for a short whileD) discuss everything with her husband49. The reason why one should not express a negative opinion of his or her spouse is that_____.A) it is very often ignored B) it is actually quite uselessC) nobody can tolerate a negative opinion from othersD) anything that has been said can not be taken back50. To strengthen the bond between a couple, both the husband and the wife should_____.A) praise rather than criticize each otherB) tell frankly what they think of each otherC) find time to talk to each other as often as possibleD) do everything possible to please each otherPart III Cloze (15%)Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary. before depict than not respect marvel at when from used suffer announce as beneath enjoy nearly so longLate next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC, these last few years of high-octane growth may actually ___51___ as the Dark Ages. Historians will ___52___ how we toiled in front of monolithic, beige BUBs (big ugly boxes), ___53___ under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers___54___ our desks.They may also mark 1999 ___55___ the start of the PC renaissance, ___56___ manufacturers finally started to get it; design matters. This holiday season, computer shoppers will ___57___ unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors ------ and not just in Apple?s groundbreaking line of translucent iMascs and iBooks. ___58___ every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market, ___59___ hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base. Among industrial designers, who still think the PC has a long way ___60___ you?llwant to display it on your mantle, the only question is, what took ___61___? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,” says Hartmut Esslinger, founder of Frog Design. “They ___62___ their customers and have underestimated their desires.”PC makers are finally catching on ------ and it?s partly out of desperation. Manufacturers ___63___ used to sell computers by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles, like processor speed and memory. But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop ___64___ we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price ------ a strategy that has dropped most units below $1,000 and slashed profits. Last week IBM limped from the battlefield, ___65___ it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell only on the Web. Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello, president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.Part IV Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following situation:With the development of computer technology, translation of language by machines is highly developed in our current society therefore, some people think it is not necessary for students to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion? Give your reasons.。
研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
专业英语研究生期末考试(四川大学研究生考试样题)
XX大学计算机〔软件〕学院工程硕士考试试题〔2021——2021学年上学期〕课程号： _________课序号： ___________课程名称：专业英语任课教师：于中华适用专业：软件工程适用年级：____学生人数：________印题份数：______学号：______XX：_______考试须知XX大学学生参加由学校组织或由学院承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行 ?XX大学考试工作管理方法?和?XX大学考场规那么? 。
有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照?XX大学学生考试违纪作弊处分规定?进展处理。
XX大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行?XX大学考试工作管理方法?、?XX大学考场规那么?和?XX大学监考人员职责?。
有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照?XX大教学事故认定及处理方法?进展处理。
题号一二三四五六七八九十平时总分得分考试时间年月日阅卷教师签名I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10%)1._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone linesA. keyboardB .modemC. printer D. mouse2.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor3. __________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction4. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer isdoing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic5. _________ are programs that provide access to Web resourcesA. browsersB. databaseC. URLD. E-commerce6._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. Outlook 2003C. Access 2003D. Excel 20037. __________ is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows 2003D. Linux8. A virus is a __________A. programB. computerC. bad manD. beast9. TCP/IP are the two standard protocols for communications on the __________.A. webB. computerC. InternetD. network10. B2C involves individuals selling to ___________.A. clientB. consumerC. corporationD. company1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________。
南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷
南昌大学研究生期末考试英语试题样卷Final Test For Postgraduate Students of Grade 201XPart I. Vocabulary (20%)a.Choose the word or phrase that is closer in meaning to the underlined one.1.During the past decades, the international community usually under the auspices of the United Nation, has struggled to negotiate global standards that can help us achieve many essential goals.A .With the advance of B. with the addition ofC. with the view ofD. with the help of2.The mortality rate of children under five years old is an important indication of the situation of children in a country.A.growthB. birthC. deathD. injury3.The utilities contend that this reduced capacity will result in curtailed service and higher prices some years down the road.A.by the wayB. along the streetC. in the pastD. in the future4.Stability at that level angurs well for the market, analysts say, while a plunge through it could spark renewed selling of stocks.A.fallB. hurdleC. leapD. lead5.Most successful companies all over the world have well-established and identifiable lines of organization.plicatedB. confusingC. recognizableD. formidablek chocolates have a less pronounced taste of chocolate and they are sweeter than dark chocolate and have a lighter color.A.distinctB. spokenC. articulatedD. uttered7.Prepare yourself for immersion into a diverse learning environment in which you’ll be asked to challenge your pre-conveived notions about your own identity and abilities.A.rinsingB. dryingC. shrinkingD. involvement8.With the convenient online shopping services, customers can design and order apparel directly from the virtual shops.A.appliancesB. merchandiseC.utilities D. clothes9. Meanwhile, a poll of Wall Street strategists found that not a single pundit was predicting that American shares would fall this year.A. b rokerB. authorityC.shareholder D. scholarship10. The computer will play the pivotal role either in the basic medicine teaching or in the experimental teaching.A.importantB. crucialC. necessaryD. irreplaceableb. ClozeChoose an appropriate word from the box to fill in each of the following blanks. Change the form where necessary. You may not use any of the words in the box more than once.In the journal Science, Professor Starkey calls for ethical guidelines to (1)______ all aspects of robotic technology, not just in the home and query aerial cognitio nexpression attest robotics meld covervital arise guideli nedeployrecapitulate endow collectionworkplace, but also on the battlefield, where lethal robots such as the missile-armed Predator drones used in Iraq and Afghanistan are already (2)_____ with lethal effect. The US Future Combat System project aims to use robots as “force multipliers”,with a single soldier initiating large-scale ground an (3)______ attacks by a robot droid army. “Robots for care and for war represent just two of many ethically problematic areas that will soon (4)______ from the rapid increase and spreading diversity of robotics applications,” Professor Starkey said ,“Scientists and engineers working in robotics must be mindful of the potential dangers of their work, and public and international discussion is (5)_____ in order to set policy guidelines for ethical and safe application before the guidelines set themselves.”The call for controls over robots goes back to the 1940s when the science-fiction author Isaac Asimov drew up his famous three laws of(6)_____.The first rule stated that robots must not harm people; the second that they must obey the commands of people provided them does not conflict with the first law; and the third law was that robots must attempt to avoid harming themselves provided this was not in conflict with the two other laws.Asimov wrote a (7)______ of science fiction series called I, Robot which exploited the issue of machines and morality. He wanted to counter the long history of fictional accounts of dangerous automatons—from the Jewish Golem to Mary Shelly’s Franken stein—and used his three laws as a literary device to exploit the ethical issues arising from the human interaction with non-human, intelligent beings. But late 20th--century predictions about the rise of machines (8)______ with superior artificial intelligence have not been realized, although robot scientists have given their mechanical protégés (门客) quasi-intelligent(准智能的) traits such as simple speech recognition,emotional (9)______ and face recognition. Professor Starkey believe that even dumb robots ne ed to be controlled.“I’m not suggesting like Asimov to put ethical rules into robots, but to just to have (10)______ on how robots are used ,”he said.“Current robots are not bright enough even to be called stupid. If I even thought they would be superior in intelligence, I would not have these concerns. They are dumb machines not much brighter than the average washing machine, and that’s the problem.”Part II . Reading comprehension(20%)In this part, you will read four passages. You are required to choose the best answer to each question according to the passage and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blacking the letter in the brackets.Passage OneArchaeology(考古学) is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live---and us ourselves in so far as weare each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changed in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The total sum of these constitute what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contract between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they have no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a Dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may “change the course of history,”but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist’s standpoint. What is perhaps worse, mostorganic material are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar material conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to more scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat bogs deserts, and frozen soil is able to fill a good deal of the gap.1. What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?A. To point out the importance of recent advances in archaeology.B. To describe an archaeologist’s education.C. To explain how archaeology is a source of history.D. To encourage more people to become archaeologists.2. The word “succinctly” in line 6 is closest in meaning to ____.A. conciselyB. brieflyC. clearlyD. appropriately3. According to the passage, the archaeological record consists of _____.A. spoken words of great historical significanceB. the fossilized results of human activityC. organic materialsD. ephemeral ideas4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of an organic material?A. stoneB. woolC. grassD. hair5. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses _____.A. techniques for recording oral historiesB. certain battlefield excavation methodsC. some specific archaeological discoveriesD. building materials of the nineteenth and twentieth centuriesPassage TwoThe modern age is age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights,radio,televisions, and televisions that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure,people grope about in flicking candlelight,cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic light to guide them,and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet,people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of recorded,they form an electroencephalogram,which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain,too,sends out brain waves of electricity,which can be recorded in anelectroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small-often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cells are linked together,the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts).As many as four-fifth of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity,and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.1.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Electric eels are potentially dangerous.B. Biology and electricity appear to be closely related.C. People would be at a loss without electricity.D. Scientists still have much to discover about electricity.2.The phrase “grope about”in line 3 could best be replaced by _____.A. feel aboutB. move aboutC.flickerD.run away3.The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT ______.A. refrigerated food items may go badB. traffic light do not workC. people must rely on candlelightD. elevators and escalators do not function4.Why does the author mention electric eels?A. To warn the reader to stay away from them.B. To compare their voltage to that used in houses.C. To give an example of a living electrical generator.D. To describe a new source of electrical power.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the _____ .A. more beneficial it will be to scienceB. more powerful will be its electrical chargeC. easier it will be to findD. tougher it will be to eatPassage ThreeThe difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth.A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface.A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available,it must therefor be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitational field,as in the case of a planet’s atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phase of matter.In the nineteenth century,for example,one theory maintained that a liquid could be “dissolved”in a vapor without losing its identity,and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kids of molecules:liquidons and gasons. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow readily.They are fluids.The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at which the densities become equal is called the critical point.Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished;there is single,undifferentiated fluid phase of uniformdensity.1.According to the passage,the difference between a liquid and a gas under normal condition on Earth is that the liquid ______.A. is affected by changes in pressureB. has a permanent structureC. forms a free surfaceD. is considerably more common2.It can be inferred from the passage that the gases of the Earth’s atmosphere ate contained by ______.A. a closed surfaceB. the gravity of the planetC. the field of spaceD. its critical point3.According to the passage,in the nineteenth century’s some scientists viewed liquidons and gasons as ______.A. fluidsB. dissolving particlesC. heavy moleculesD. different types of molecules4.According to the passage,what happened when the temperature is increased in a closed container holding a liquid?A. the liquid and gas phases become more similar.B. the liquid and gas become less dense.C. the container expands.D. the liquid evaporates out of the container.5.According to the passage, which of the following is the best definition of the critical point?A. When the temperature and the pressure are raised.B. When the densities of the two phases are equal.C. When the pressure and the temperature are combined.D. When the container explodes.Passage FourYou are in a supermarket deciding what you want to buy.The tomatoes and corn lookespecially delicious,but wait! Do you stop and wonder if these vegetables are genetically modified?Wouldn’t you want to know before you bought them? Should they be labeled so that have the right to choose? What are genetically modified foods? Genes are the blueprints.Scientists can transfer the desirable genes of one organism to another,altering its genetic make-up.Scientists now are routinely using genes from bacteria,viruses,insects,fish,and animals to modify food crops.Supporters of genetically modified foods want crops that are resistant to herbicides(除草剂) plant killing chemicals that farmers use to kill unwanted weeds and plants.Supporters also say that these new genetically altered crops,such as corn,potatoes,soy beans are more resistant to certain bacteria,viruses and insects.Other claim that in the future,scientists will develop foods that are nutritious and able to prevent diseases.Opponents of genetically modified foods areworried about the dangers and they list many.They claim that we don’t know what the long-term effects of producing genetically modified foods will be,and once changes are made in the genetic structure of organisms,they cnnot be reversed.At the very last,opponents of genetically modified foods want producers and retailers to clearly mark products that contain genetically modified ingredients.Will all the technology result in better crops and healthier food?Or is there a risk to humans and environment that should not be ignored?Questions:1.What is the passage mainly talking about?2.Scientists can transfer the describe genes of one organism to another _____.3.What do the scientists use to modify food crops?4.Why do some people support genetic modified foods?5. What are the producers and retailers urged to do by the opponents?Part III .Translation (20%)a.Translate the following paragraph into English.巴斯德通过大量科学实验证明，如果生奶加工时温度超过85℃，则其中的营养物质和生物活性物质会被大量破坏，但如果低于85℃时，则其营养物质和生物活性物质被保留，并且有害菌大部分被杀灭，有些有益菌却被存留。
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Instructions:1. This test is divided into three sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing.2. Total test time: 3 hours.3. All answers must be written in English.Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, altering the way we live, work, and communicate. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention and is being integrated into various aspects of our daily lives. Some view AI as a breakthrough technology that has the potential to enhanceefficiency and productivity, while others express concerns about its impact on jobs and personal privacy.Questions:1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. What are the two contrasting views on AI mentioned in the passage?3. How is AI described in terms of its potential impact on society?Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clips and answer the questions that follow.Clip 1: A news report on the latest technological innovations.Questions:1. What new technology is mentioned in the report?2. How is this technology expected to benefit society?Clip 2: An interview with a renowned AI researcher.Questions:1. What are the key challenges faced by researchers in the field of AI?2. How do you see AI evolving in the future?WritingIn 300-500 words, discuss your perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in today's society. Consider both the benefits and challenges associated with the widespread adoption of AI technologies. Provide examples to support your argument.Good luck!篇2华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and answer the questions that follow. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices.Passage 1The Rise of the Gig EconomyIn recent years, the gig economy has been on the rise, transforming the way people work. With the rise of digital platforms like Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit, more and more people are choosing to work as freelancers and independent contractors instead of traditional full-time employment.This shift in the labor market has both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it provides flexibility and autonomy for workers to choose when and where they work. It also creates opportunities for people to earn extra income outside of their regular jobs. On the other hand, it can lead to job insecurity, lack of benefits, and uncertainty about future income.Despite the challenges, the gig economy is here to stay. As technology continues to advance and more people seek flexible work arrangements, the gig economy will only continue to grow in the coming years.1. What is the gig economy?A. Traditional full-time employmentB. Freelance and independent workC. Digital platforms like Uber and AirbnbD. Job insecurity and lack of benefits2. What are some of the positive effects of the gig economy?A. Job insecurity and lack of benefitsB. Flexibility and autonomy for workersC. Uncertainty about future incomeD. Traditional full-time employment3. Why will the gig economy continue to grow in the coming years?A. Technology advancementB. Lack of benefitsC. Job insecurityD. Traditional full-time employmentPassage 2The Benefits of ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both the body and mind. Not only does it help you stay physically fit and healthy, but it also has positive effects on your mentalwell-being.On a physical level, exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also improve your cardiovascular health, strengthen your muscles and bones, and increase your overall energy levels.But the benefits of exercise go beyond just physical health. Research has shown that regular exercise can also have a positive impact on mental health. It can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve cognitive function, and boost your mood.In conclusion, making exercise a regular part of your routine can have a lasting impact on your overall health and well-being.4. What are some of the benefits of exercise on a physical level?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Reduce the risk of chronic diseasesC. Improve cognitive functionD. Decrease overall energy levels5. How can exercise benefit mental health?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Boost your moodC. Strengthen your muscles and bonesD. Reduce the risk of chronic diseases6. What is the conclusion regarding the benefits of exercise?A. Exercise has no impact on overall health and well-beingB. Exercise can have positive effects on both physical and mental healthC. Exercise can only improve cognitive functionD. Regular exercise is not important for maintaining good healthPart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.7. I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before, ______ this one over the ocean.A. asB. likeD. except8. ______ the rain, the game will still go on as planned.A. WhetherB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Since9. The new manager has made some significant changes in the company, ______ morale has improved.A. whateverB. whichC. thatD. whose10. ______ I have known her for years, I still don't know her very well.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. SincePart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1The Rise of Remote WorkRemote work has become increasingly popular in recent years, with more and more companies allowing employees to work from home or other locations outside of the office. This shift has been driven by advances in technology, as well as the desire for more flexible work arrangements.11. What has driven the rise of remote work?A. Advances in technologyB. Lack of desire for flexible work arrangementsC. More companies requiring employees to work from homeD. None of the above12. Why have more companies allowed employees to work remotely?A. To increase employee productivityB. To save on office space and overhead costsC. To give employees more flexibility in their work arrangementsD. To force employees to work longer hours13. What are some of the benefits of remote work?A. More employee surveillanceB. Increased face-to-face interactionsC. Greater flexibility for employeesD. More rigid work schedulesPassage 4The Importance of Work-Life BalanceMaintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for overall well-being. It is important to take breaks and disconnect from work in order to recharge and prevent burnout. Finding time for leisure activities, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones is equally important.16. Why is maintaining a healthy work-life balance important?A. To prevent burnoutB. To work longer hoursC. To increase stress levelsD. To avoid leisure activities17. How can taking breaks and disconnecting from work benefit you?A. Decrease energy levelsB. Increase stress levelsC. Recharge and prevent burnoutD. None of the above18. What should be included in a healthy work-life balance?A. Working longer hoursB. Neglecting leisure activities and hobbiesC. Spending time with loved onesD. None of the aboveConclusion:The gig economy, the benefits of exercise, remote work, and work-life balance are all important topics in today's society. It's crucial for individuals to understand these concepts and howthey can impact their lives both professionally and personally. By staying informed and making conscious choices about how we work and live, we can create a more fulfilling and balanced life for ourselves. Good luck on your exam!篇3华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part A: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Computers are an indispensable part of our contemporary world. Their generality, versatility and performance have made them an important tool in everyday life. While computers offer many benefits, their rapid development has also brought about new challenges to society.1. According to the passage, computers have become an important tool for what reason?A. Their generality and versatility.B. Their rapid development.C. Their performance.D. None of the above.2. What has computers' rapid development brought about, according to the passage?A. Challenges to society.B. Benefits to society.C. More jobs for people.D. Better communication among people.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of computers in our contemporary world.B. The challenges brought about by the rapid development of computers.C. The benefits of computers in everyday life.D. The generality and versatility of computers.4. What word can best describe computers, according to the passage?A. Indispensable.B. Limiting.C. Optional.D. Outdated.5. What is the author's tone in the passage?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent....Part B: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of about 500 words on the following topic. You should first draft your essay, and then proofread it. Your essay should bewell-organized, and your ideas should be clearly stated. Youshould avoid repetition, and use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.Topic: Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society.In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements and has started to permeate various aspects of our lives. Some argue that AI has the potential to revolutionize society, while others fear the consequences of its rapid development. In your essay, discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society. Consider both the positive and negative aspects of this technology and provide examples to support your arguments.Overall, the final exam for the graduate students at Huazhong Normal University covers a range of topics related to English language proficiency and critical thinking skills. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of the material and their ability to analyze and synthesize information effectively. This exam serves as a comprehensive assessment of their academic progress and readiness for future challenges in their academic and professional careers.。
研究生期末英语试题
研究生期末英语试题Vocabulary1 The password will prevent others from tinkering ____ your dataA onB toC withD at2 McDonald refused to elaborate ____ his reasons for resigning.A atB onC toD about3 The ____ for employment in the technology sector sre especially good right now.A prosperityB prosperousC prophecyD prospects4 Experts agreed that it was a truly _____ performanceA sensationalB senseC sensibleD sensitive5 The _____ of the economy is still uncertainA sightB viewC outlookD vision6 The roads were ____ with mud and rainwater.A awashB washingC washedD wash7 Think twice before you _____A springB leapC jumpD hip8 He left a ____ of muddy footprintsA trackB traceC printD trail9 Terri keeps ____ into tears for no reasonA burstingB outburstC breakingD outbreak10 They continue to fight in the face of ____A adversityB adverseC adviseD adversary11_____ the severe cold, tourism was ______ full swing.A.Though.....onB. Despite.......onC. Though.....inD. Despite.......in12 In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ______ concern of state governments.A.extinctB. excludingC. ExcessiveD. Exclusive13 They climbed to the top of the hill _______ they could geta bird’s eye view of the city.A.For fear thatB. In order toC. In caseD. As a result14He found Irene _____ at the piano with her hands on the keys.A.SeatingB. SeatedC. SeatD. To seat15Noise pollution generally receives less attention than _____ air pollution.A.DoesB. It doesC. ReceivesD. It does over16Working under the new expert who always encourages creativity in young people, we have been _____ with better ideas in test design./doc/a711377666.htmling downB. Coming outC. Coming alongD. Coming up17Label on a bottle of medicine: It is dangerous to exceed the stated_______ .A.DropsB. MeasureC. DoseD. Limit18Get him to sign the contract before he has second _____ .A.PlansB. ThoughtsC. IntentionsD. Ideas19It was difficult to ______ a date which was convenient for everyone. A.Decide B. Arrange C. Organize D. Provide 20The poem is difficult to understand because it contains so many ______ references.A.ObscureB. AcuteC. NotableD. Objective Answers:1~5 C B D A C 6~10 A B D A A11~15 D D B B A 16~20 D C B B AReading ComprehensionText 1On July 4, 1776, a secret meeting of insurgent colonists in America passed the Declaration of Independence. War against the British had already been going on for over a year, so the declaration came as the climax of years of stormy events inAmerica.The impetus for the American Revolution was the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which ended the struggle between the British and French for control over North America. Since the colonists were no longer frightened by the French, they ceased to rely upon the British for protection and were not as submissive as they were formerly. On the other hand, the British regarded the colonies as a source of revenue andbegan to impose unfair taxes upon them. The Sugar Act in 1764 and the Stamp Act in 1765 were so eagerly opposed by discontented colonists that rioting broke out. The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 as a result of the riots.The British continued their policy of taxation without collaboration with their once obedient subjects. The Townshend Acts (a series of taxes on glass, lead, paper and tea) created such disgust that the citizens of Boston attacked British soldiers who fired upon them. A new tea tax in 1773 again consolidated Boston residents’ disagreement. About fifty men disguised as Indians boarded British ships and got rid of their cargo of tea in protest against the tea tax. That was the famous Boston Tea Party. In reprisal, the British abolished the Bostonians’right to self-rule, and by passing what were referred to as Intolerable Acts in Boston, they infuriated all of the colonies and caused them to unite in protest.Representatives from twelve colonies gathered in Philadelphia in 1774 to plan a stratagem to avoid British interference in trade and to protest the infamy of taxation without representation. The British responded that the colonies were in rebellion, and, since nothing would soothe either side, both sides prepared for war.1.According to the passage, the first violent protest against the British was made in_______A. 1776B. 1765C. 1770D. 17732.We are told that the colonists did not need the British after the Treaty of Paris, because the former_______A.Were independentB.B. Didn’t like to pay taxesC. Made a treaty with the FrenchD. Didn’t need protection from an enemy3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.About 15 men disguised as Indians boarded British ships.B.The impetus of the American Revolution was the Treaty of Paris in 1776.C.The Stamp Act in 1764 was opposed by discontented colonists.D.A new tea tax in 1773 again consolidated Boston residents’disagreement.4. What did the colonists gather in Philadelphia to do?A. Wrote the Declaration of IndependenceB. Rid a ship of its cargoC. Rioted as a result of the Stamp ActD. Created a plan to avoid British interference in trade.5. The best title for this passage is _______.A.The American RevolutionB.The Temperament of the ColonistsC.The Causes of the American RevolutionD.The Effects of the American RevolutionText 2The invention of the snow house by the Eskimo was one of the greatest triumphs over environment that man has ever accomplished.In the Arctic Circle, it is not that people lack ability or industry, but the surroundings restrict constructive effort to the barest necessities of existence.Agriculture is impossible all along the thousands of miles of the north shore. The only wood is such as drifts in. Other than this driftwood, the only available building materials are snow, ice, stone and bones of animals. All of these have been used for dwellings and storage places, differing in various tribes according to the requirements and skill of the workers.The lack of necessary timbers to build walls and span wide spaces is probably one reason why these tribes construct their houses at least partly beneath the surface of the ground. This device also makes the houses more impervious to the cold. Most of us are inclined to think that the Eskimo lives always in an igloo or snow house. This is not entirely true. After the long cold winter, the family is very apt to move, when the weather permits, into a tent of sealskin. The actual construction of such tents is similar to that used by other, more southerly tribes.The snow house, however, is an interesting and unique habitation.Our summer campers will not build with snow, but the ingeniousness of the art is worth recording, and some of our winter camps in the mountains might try to make snow houses.It is essential that the snow itself be of the right kind. It must be taken from a bank formed by a single storm, or the blocks willbreak when cut. The snow must be very fine-grained but not too hard to be cut with a snow knife.As Point Barrow, Alaska, houses of snow are used only temporarily; for example, at the hunting grounds on the rivers, and occasionally by visitors at the village who prefer having their own quarters. These houses are not built in the dome or beehive shape. The walls are made of blocks of snow, high enough so that a person can stand up inside the rooms.Outside at the south end, a low, narrow, covered passage of snow leads to a low door. Above this is a window made of seal entrails. The door of the house is protected by a curtain of canvas. At the other end, the floor is raised into a kind of settee on which are laid boards and skins. 6.According to the author, the building of the snow house was necessary because of _______A.The inhabitants’ lack of ability and industryB.The extreme cold temperaturesC.The large expense involved in shipping raw materials to the Arctic Circle.D.The surroundings, which restrict any building to what is essential7.Which of the following is NOT commonly available for building houses in the Arctic Circle.A.StoneB. Animal bonesC. TimberD. Snow and ice8.After the long winter, the Eskimo family is likely to__________A. Move into a sealskin tentB. Build an underground dwellingC. Continue living in the snow houseD. Move to town and live in a regular house9.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The construction of a sealskin tent is similar to that used by other tribes who live in more southern regionB. The snow house is an interesting, unique and ingenious habitationC. Snow houses are built partly below the surface of the ground to make the house warmer.D. The window of a snow house is made of thin sealskin.10.The author’s attitude towa rd the invention of snow houses by Eskimo is ________A. ImpartialB. AdmiringC. SympatheticD. CriticalText 3Almost all of us have heard about General Motors trying to sell their Nova model in Latin America and finding out that “ no va” in Spanish literally means “ it doesn’t go”. And of course, there was the famous first try of Coca Cola in China, when the translation of soft drink’s name read “bite the wax tadpole”.But cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation. There are subtleties and nuances to every culture, and there are just plain taboos. Although most people wouldn’t be able to list the rules of their own culture, they certainly know when those rules are violated. Our own culture tends to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or exotic. So how much more difficult is it to discern the unwritten rules of another country?There is still no substitute for a visit to the target market. When in a foreign place, you’ll undou btedly become aware of different aesthetics. What flowers, which colors, are used to attract buyers there? Foods you find unpalatable and decorations you find garish have completely different effects on the natives. Your hosts might ask seemingly rude ques tions such as “How old are you?”and “How much money do you make?” Meals, schedules, transportation, and personal conveniences can’t be taken for granted. Prices for the simplest purchases are subject to negotiation. You haven’t figured out all the small co ins, and you don’tunderstand anyone’s name. And it just doesn’t smell like home.11 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of following sentence from the paragraph. “Cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation.”A Cultural awareness in marketing is virtually equivalent to careful translation.B Careful translation is a fundamental component of cultural awarenessC Cultural awareness in marketing goes beyond mere translation.D Cultural awareness is more easily developed than is careful translation.12 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of following sentence from the paragraph. “Our own cultural tends to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or exotic.”A We usually don’t notice things in our culture, but we are prone to think things in foreign settings are strange, interestingor exotic.B We may not be aware of our own culture whereas foreign cultures may suddenly attract our attentionC Our own culture is intangible to us, but other cultures appear to be eye-catchingD It’s unnecessary for us to notice our own culture, but it is important to study other strange, funny or exotic cultures.13 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of followingsentence from the paragraph. “Prices for the simplest purchases are subject to negotiation.”A It’s easy for people to agree on prices for small items.B Even prices for the simplest purchases tend to fluctuate.C People can also bargain over prices for the simplest purchases.D Prices for the simplest purchases are a constant topic among people14 The example of “the first try of Coca Cola in China” reflected:A Translation of the product is less important.B Translation of the product is not important.C Cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more important.D Cultural awareness in marketing is less important.15 “subtleties and nuances” in paragraph 2 means:A elegance and graceB similarities and samenessC a very slight, hardly noticeable variationsD a very slight, hardly noticeable differenceAnswers:1~5 B D D D C 6~10 D C A D B 11~15 C A C C DWord BankA wolf gives out a deep chesty bawl in the valley one night. It1) _____from rimrock to rimrock. Every living thing 2) _____ the call.Although it has different 3) _____ meanings to different animals, it is only mountains that can listen 4)_____ to the call, because it has lived lone enough. Those who can’t 5) _____ the hidden meaning of the howl can still sense the wolves’ 6)_____ through their tracks, sights or sounds.7) _____ the fact is, I believe that the mountains have a secret opinion about the wolves.This 8) _____ on this score dates 9)_____ the day when I witnessed a wolf die. We thought we saw a doe when we were eating lunch on a high rimrock. When we realized that it was a wolf and there were still a half dozen others, we 10) _____ at them out of excitement and 11) _____ . At that time, I thought I helped the hunters, 12) _____, when I saw the green fire die in the wolf’s eyes, I found I might be wrong.Since then, I have seen the 13) _____ of wolves state 14)_____ state, which eventually lead to nearly 15)_____ mountains. The same is true to16) _____ the herd to fit the range. All creatures in the valley 17) _____ each other, and they should be kept 18)_____ balance. If one link breaks down, it might cause dramatic change to others. We all 19) _____ for safety, prosperity, comfort, long life, and dullness, but too much safety to 20)_____ only danger in the long run.Answers:1 echoes2 pays heed to3 hidden4 objectively5 decipher6 presence7 Whatever8 conviction9 from 10 shot 11 trigger-itch 12however13 slaughter 14 after 15 bare 16 trim17 are connected to 18 in 19 strive 20 yieldWriting：Academic Dishonesty on CampusRecent surveys show that a lot of college students download papers from the Internet to save the trouble of doing the assignments. This kind of academic dishonesty does harm to the students.要求写三段：第一段：明确陈述你的观点第二段：详细说明原因第三段：给出结论Oral English：1 Give some examples to Chinese taboos2 Suppose you have been asked to talk about “Doing business in China”to a group of foreign business people. What tips on doing business in China would you include in your speech?3 Why should we preserve biodiversity? What benefits can it bring about to human beings?4 Do you think it possible to strike a balance between ecological sustainability and the developmental needs of people?5 “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clear to the bone”Do you agree with the saying? Why or w hy not?6 “For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self.”Do you accept his idea? Support your answers with examples.7 “The more you use the Web, the more you have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing.”Do you have su ch problem? How you will cope with the problem?8 As you can see, the human race has made great strides in science and technology, which has dramatically changed our daily lives. In your opinion, do you think science and technology is an angel or a monster? Use examples to illustrate your point.9 Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this?10 What should be the role of schooling in one’s e ducation?。
(完整word版)广东工业大学研究生英语期末考试历年试卷及答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A)2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.26. Whatever your argument, I shallA）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is , as no one believes that a man can fundamentallychange his nature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societaland group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______physical intimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30. Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic _______byselecting certain neighborhoods and schools.A) dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one training program to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German company with a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC) mitigate D) define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborativeand selfless .A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol .A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of ________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s of comfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simply weaken themas individuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officer investigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44. He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45. Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________to management.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC) consecrate D) consent48. In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ by almost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical _.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for the area.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve read in the texts of Extensive Reading.51. Which of the following statements is not true according to text Solemn Ceremony MarksHandover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spoke at theceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played at the ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong Kong Convention andExhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking in public.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______ to show thevalue of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relieve stress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to Living Humanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Nature or Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in the formation of aman’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know the importance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic.(1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (努力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the timecomes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to _______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.” the word “hesitancy”means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student councilPassage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, act ive, energetic, cheerful, conformist （不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s f irm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ________.A）great confusionB）increased productionC） a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司负债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。
研究生考试英语试题及答案
吉林财经大学2018年第一学期研究生期末考试试题及答案一、阅读理解AA new look at an asteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough for the speeding space rock to alter its course.Named 1950DA, the asteroid--1 kilometer wide--is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only adout one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said. "One in 300 is pretty long odds," said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in Califonia. "I'm not personally going to worry about it. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change." There are approximately 1,000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large asteroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don't find any that are greater threats. If 1950DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planet-wide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaure some 65 millions years ago.Asteroid 1950DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 2001 whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth--over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16,2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290, 000 kilometers--a distance closer than the 370, 000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth. 21.Talking about asteroids, the author tells us that ______.A．nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sunB．only about one in 300 asteroids near the sun would hit the EarthC．scientist have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sunD．there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid22.We can infer from the passage that __________________________.A larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the EarthB an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880C asteroids will eventually destroy everything on EarthD no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 195023. Judging from the context, the word \________________________________.A kept turning aroundB went into and out of its orbit quicklyC moved very fastD exploded all the while24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A Scientists have managed to know everything about asteroid 1950 DA.B Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.C Scientists are still quite optimistic about man's future.D The Earth is faced with frequent threats from space.25. The best title for the passage is _____________________________.A Possible Asteroid Smash in 2880B New Discoveries about 1950 DAC Asteroids in the Solar SystemD Earth -- an Unsafe Place for LifeBDid you know that all human beings have a "comfort zone" regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk？This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, some of the Eastern Mediterraneen, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Mrica, there's even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic (强调的) point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide" comfort zone" for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands--not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person' s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling, or an arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance(放心)or stroke a child's head in fondness; they readily take someone's arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar mute. To many people --especially those from Asia or the Moslem(穆斯林) countries--such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simple left and use that hand more.26.In terms of bodily distance, North Americans ______.A．are the same to South AmericansB．stand even closer than GreeksC．feel embarrassed when too closeD．stand nearer during a conversation27.For Asians, the comfort zone _______.A.is deliberately determinedB.measures 21 inchesC.varies according to statusD.implies esteem28.It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman ______.A.would behave in the same way as an American wouldB.would make no particular effort to distance himselfC.would be afraid of bodily contactD.would do his best to leave29.When Americans tell a joke, they often _______.A.pat people on the headB.give people a hugC.dig people in the ribsD.touch people on the arm30.The passage mainly concerns ________.A.distance and bodily contactB.body languageC.cultural differences between the East and the WestD.hand signalsCOne day, when I was on my way to my high school, another young man who was walking past me decided to show off in front of his friends and show them how “manly”he really was. Without saying a word, he walked up to me and began punching me. Once I began fighting back, he pulled out a gun and pointed it straight at me. After seeing this, I ran as fast as I could towards my school, hearing the group of boys laughing badly behind me. While most people hold the belief that inner-city schools can only hinder the learning process, I would argue that these schools provide experiences which enrich one’s education simply because of their location (位置) in the city.To clarify this point, I must first describe the ways in which Saint Ignatius High School is different from the typical inner-city school. This private, Catholic (天主教的) institution consists mostly of white students who come from wealthy families. Although Saint Ignatius is in the city, it also gives its students one of the best education in the state.Society usually tends to focus on the negative side of inner-city schools. Many people like to stereotype (模式化) these schools which, while these general statements may be true in some cases, tend to be worse most of the time.Take Mrs. Borroni, my Spanish teacher, for example. She would often take time out of her class to tell her students about the numerous activities after class with which we should get involved. She loved her job so much that she stayed after school every day to moderate activities such asAmnesty International and the Spanish Club. Her students, including me, joined all of the clubs which she moderated just because she made them so interesting. Because of Mrs. Borroni, I got heavily involved in the school's activities and learned a lot in the process.31.The author's argument that inner-city schools "provide experiences which enrich one's education simply because of their location in the city" is based on ________.A. consensus opinionB. his personal experienceC. a film he sawD. a story he read in a book32.Saint Ignatius High School differs from the typical inner-city school in all the following except __________________.A. minority studentsB. poor studentsC. location in a cityD. inferior education system33.Many people tend to speak more of __________________.A. the negative sides of inner-city schoolB. teachers' lack of love for teaching at St. IgnuatiusC. students' lack of love for learning at St. IgnuatiusD. daily fights at St. Ignatius34.All the following describes Mrs. Borroni except _______________.A. hard-workingB. considerateC. responsibleD. indifferent35.It seems that the author's attitude toward inner-city school is _________________.A. optimisticB. defensiveC. criticalD. BitterDIn 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year die average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.Other members of the autoworker's family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic, security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife havelegal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相当的人), white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no -fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the life of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.36. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A) They had less job security than they do today.B) It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C) Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D) They were better off than workers in other industries.37. What does the author about retired people today?A) They invariably long to return to the golden past.B) They do not depend so much on social welfare.C) They feel more secure economically than in the past.D) They are usually unwilling to live with their children.38. Why couldn't black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?A) They lacked the means of transportation.B) They were subjected to racial inequality.C) They were afraid to break the law.D) They were too poor to afford it.39. What is the result of no-fault divorce?A) Divorce is easier to obtain.B) Domestic violence is lessened.C) It causes little pain to either side.D) It contributes to social unrest.40. What does the author suggest society do?A) Get prepared to face any new challenges.B) Try to better the current social security.C) Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D) Improve the lives of families with problems.二、完形填空When he got the call that his son was ill in California and not expected to live for long, Bill didn't k now [how] (41) he was going to get the money for his wife and himself to makethe trip. Bill had w orked as a truck driver his entire life, but he never managed to have any [savings] (42).So with [embarrassment] (43) Bill walked the mile to the filling station (加油站) and told the owner , "My son is really sick and I've got no cash. Can you trust (赊账给) me for the phone call to California?""Pick up the [phone] (44) and talk as long as you need to," was the answer. As he started to dial (拨电话号码), he was [interrupted] (45) by a stranger, jumping down from the cab (驾驶室) of a truck and asking, "Aren't you Bill Beasley? Your son was one of my best friends when we were growing up together. When I went off to college, I lost [touch] (46)with him. Heard you say h e's sick?"After the call Bill was told that that truck driver had paid for it and left him an [envelope] (47). H e opened it and pulled out two pieces of paper. One read, "You were the first truck driver my dad trusted enough to let me go along with." The second one was a [signed] (48) check with an attache d [message] (49): "Fill out the amount [needed] (50) for you and your wife to make the trip. Merry Christmas!"当他打电话,他的儿子在加利福尼亚生病了,不会长久,比尔不知道[如何](41)他要为他的妻子把钱和自己去旅行。
研究生基础英语期末考试样卷
Graduate English Examination(基础综合英语期末考试时间为2小时30分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (35 points)Section A: Gap-fillingDirections:Please fill in the gaps with the exact words you hear. Write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. The report will be broadcast TWICE.American Mosaic has been broadcasting a series of reports for foreign students who want to attend college in the United States. This is the _____1_____ program in this series.We hope these reports helped students think about their _____2_____ and provided ways to reach them.We explained the kinds of colleges and universities in the United States, how to get information about them and how to ____3______ for admission. We discussed admissions tests and how to prepare for them. We reported about the high cost of attending an American university and told about possible places to seek __________4 __________. We talked about the legal documents that are needed before a student can travel to the United States to attend college. We also discussed the ____5______ of using the computer to take classes at an American college without leaving home.In other programs, we told about some American colleges that are not so well known. Landmark College, for example, teaches students with __________6 __________. Johnson and Wales University offers __________7 __________. We also provided information about _____8_____ colleges and the Masters of Business Administration degree.We would like to thank everyone who wrote to us asking questions that were used in this series. They helped us explain subjects we had not considered. For example, we explained about the need for student __________9 __________. We discussed dormitory life. And we told the difference between an American college and a university.All these reports can be found on the computer by going to the Special English web site. The address is _____10_______. We hope you will continue to listen to American Mosaic for reports about American life and other information about American colleges. In about two years, we will broadcast this series again to provide new information. By then, another group of students will be looking for information about attending college in the United States.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear a passage twice. Then you should give brief answers to the questions printed on the examination paper. Be sure to writeyour answers on the Answer sheet.11. Where did most people live fifty years ago and how many people live in citiesnow?12. Why do many experts worry about the process of urbanization?13. What report did the environmental research group release last week?14. What are unplanned settlements?15. According to Molly O’Meara Sheehan, what should policymakers do?16. Why did Freetown, Sierra Leone establish farming within city limits?17. Why is the bus system created by engineers in Bogota successful?18. What are the reasons forcing people to move out of rural areas?19. What are the two issues that have existed side by side according toOlav Kjorven?Section CDirections: In this section you will hear two passages. Each passage will be read twice. After each passage there will be some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet.Questions for passage one of section C20.Who agrees that foods from healthy cloned animals are safe?A．U.S. Center for Food SafetyB．A news conferenceC．U.S. Agriculture DepartmentD．B ruce Knight21.According to the FDA assessment, meat and milk from cattle, swine andgoat clones _________________________.A. are different from traditionally-bred animalsB. are as safe as food from traditionally-bred animalsC.pose safety concernD.are better than ordinary animals22.Which of the following is true about meat or milk from cloned sheep?A. The FDA has proved the safety of products from cloned sheep.B. Meat and milk from cloned sheep are harmful.C. The FDA is not sure if meat or milk from cloned sheep is safe.D. There are not enough cloned sheep for research.23.According to the FDA, labeling is only required ____________________.A. for products that pose a safety threatB. when people want to know what they are buyingC. for the cloned animal productsD. for meat and milk from cloned sheep24.Reaction from consumer and animal welfare groups has been mainly__________.A.affirmativeB.inconclusiveC.activeD.negative25. According to the center for Food Safety, ________________________.A. the FDA should apologize for having made the announcementB. the FDA’s risk assessment relies on complete and correct researchC. the FDA’s risk assessment was based on studies that are supplied bycloning companies.D. the FDA did an adequate job before making the announcement26. Who have come to the same conclusion about the safety of cloned animalproducts?A. Regulators in the European Food Safety Authority.B. Regulators in New Zealand.C. Regulators in the European Union.D. Both B and C27. The FDA says clones will mainly be used ________________________.A. for their meat and milkB. to improve the quality of the herdC. for scientific purposesD. to produce safe foodQuestions for passage two of section C28. Which of the following factors doesn’t top the list of heart attack risks?A. bad habitsB. fatty diets C . stress D. smoking29. Most of what we know about the causes of heart disease comes fromstudies among people ___________________________.A.in developing countries, mainly old aged white men.B.in western countries, mainly middle aged white women.C.in western countries, mainly middle aged white men.D.in industrial nations, mainly old aged white men30. _______________ account for 90 percent of heart attacks internationally.A. No simply measured risk factorsB. The same factorsC. Three risk factorsD. Nine simply measured risk factors31. Dr. Anand says ______________ is responsible for __________ of heart attacks.A. weight gain ……one fifthB. emotional stress …… one fi fthC. smoking …… one fourthD. high blood pressure …… one sixth32. What is Dr. Anand’s description of the relationship between stress andhaving heart attack?A.DependentB.AdverseC.IndependentD.Unpredictable33. _______________ seems to be responsible for only one percent of heart attackrisk.A. High blood pressureB. Genetic inheritanceC. Poor dietD. Diabetes34. What can help protect against heart disease?A. Regular physical exercise.B. Consumption of fruits and vegetables.C. Moderate amounts of alcohol.D. All of the above.35. Which of the following statements is true according to the report?A. Countries like India and Japan will experience an epidemic of heart disease.B. Death rates have decreased dramatically in low and middle income nations.C. There is a decline in heart disease in industrial countries in the past few decades.D. The studies can not help governments make prevention policies to curb theepidemic.Part II Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: There are Three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C or D. Decide on the best choice，and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One[1] Rubbish may be universal, but it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody knows how much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That may be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in.[2] Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fuss surrounding New York’s infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Americans the false impression that their country’s landfills had run out of space. It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planet—or an expensive waste of time.[3] Rubbish can cause all sorts of problems. It often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. It is the source of almost 4% of the world’s greenhouse gases, mostly in the form of methane from rotting food—and that does not include all the methane generated by animal slurry and other farm waste. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.[4] Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste, according to CyclOpe, a French research institute. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, andespecially with the rate of urbanization. So, waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.[5] Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a future in which things like household rubbish and pig slurry will provide the fuel for cars and homes, doing away with the need for dirty fossil fuels. Others imagine a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled. As Bruce Parker, the head of the National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA), an American industry group, puts it, “Why fish bodies out of the river when you can stop them jumping off the bridge?”[6] Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. Entrepreneurs were queuing up to scour rubbish for anything that could be recycled. There was even talk of mining old landfills to extract steel and aluminium cans. And waste that could not be recycled should at least be used to generate energy, the evangelists argued. A brave new wasteless world seemed nigh.[7] But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.[8] Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.[9] That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive. Britain, meanwhile, has started taxing landfills so heavily that local officials, desperate to find an alternative, are investing in all manner of unproven waste-processing technologies.[10] As for recycling, it is useless to urge people to salvage stuff for which there are no buyers. If firms are passing up easy opportunities to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by re-using waste, then governments have set the price of emissions too low. They would do better to deal with that problem directly than to try to regulate away the repercussions. At the very least, governments should make sure there are markets for the materials they want collected. (844 words)36.Which of the following is True according to the first two paragraphs?A.The author thinks it is a good idea to dump the garbage in the Atlantic.B.The United States’ landfills have already run out of space.C.People are scared of not knowing where to dump the garbage.D.What the New York garbage barge did in 1987 is notorious.37.Almost 4% of the world’s greenhouse gases comes from ___________.a)animal slurryb)farm wastec)municipal wasted)industrial waste38.We can infer from paragraph [4] that _______________________.a)collecting and treating rubbish stimulates a country’s economyb)the higher the rate of urbanization, the less waste the country producesc)the poorer a country is, the more rubbish it producesd)China, India and Brazil will probably spend more money disposing of their municipalwaste39.According to paragraphs [5] and [6], ___________________________.a)Bruce Parker thinks that waste should be routinely recycledb) a large amount of steel and aluminium cans have been extracted from old landfillsc)we no longer need dirty fossil fuels to provide fuel for cars and homesd)waste is a potential natural resource40.The word “plummeting” in paragraph [7] most probably means ______________.a)disappointingb)dropping downc)rocketingd)unexpected41.In the author’s view, governments ___________________________.a)should give the recycling firms financial help as soon as possibleb)should encourage people to buy goods that produce less wastec)should inflict severe punishment on those who create wasted)should only care about politically attractive issues42.From the passage we can conclude that _____________________.A. cooperation between governments is essential to waste managementB. the problem of waste is worse than everC. governments’ policies on treating waste remain largely incoherentD. governments should tax landfills heavily and invest in waste-processing technologiesPassage TwoThere were strangers on our beach yesterday, for the first time in a month. A new footprint on our sand is nearly as rare as in Robinson Crusoe. We are at the very edge of the Atlantic; half a mile out in front of us is a coral reef （珊瑚礁）, and then nothing but 3000 miles of ocean to West Africa. It is a wild and lonely beach, with the same surf beating on it as when Columbus came by. And yet the beach is polluted.Oil tankers over the horizon have fouled it more than legions of picnickers could. The oil comes ashore in floating patches that stain the coral black and gray. It has blighted the rock crabs and the crayfish and has coated the delicate whorls of the conch shells with black goo（黏质物质）. And it has congealed（凝结）upon itself, littering the beach with globes of tar that resemble the cannonballs of a deserted battlefield. The islanders, as they go beachcombing for the treasures the sea has washed up for centuries, now wear old shoes to protect their feet from the oil that washes up too.You have to try to get away from pollution to realize how bad it really is. We have known for the last few years how bad our cities are. Now there is no longer an escape. If there is oil on this island far out in the Atlantic, there is oil on nearly every other island.It is still early here. The air is still clear over the island, but it won’t be when they build the airstrip they are talking about. The water out over the reef is still blue and green, but it is dirtier than it was a few years ago. And if the land is not despoiled, it is only because there are not yet enough people here to despoil it. There will be. And so for the moment on this island we are witnesses to the beginning, as it were, of the pollution of our environment.Until the pollution of our deserted beach, it seemed simple to blame everything on the “population explosion.”If the population of this island, for example, could be stabilized at a couple of hundred, there would be very little problem with the environment in this secluded（与世隔绝的）area. There would be no pollution of the environment if there were not too many people using it, and so if we concentrate on winning the war against overpopulation, we can save the earth for mankind.But the oil on the beach belies this too-easy assumption. Those tankers are not out there because too many Chinese and Indians are being born every minute. They are not even out there because there are too many Americans and Europeans. They are delivering their oil, and cleaning their tanks at see and sending the residue up onto the beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific, in order to fuel the technology of mankind --- and the factories and the power plants, the vehicles and the engines that have enabled mankind to survive on his planet are now spoiling the planet for life.The fishermen on this island are perfectly right in preferring the outboard motor to the sail. Their livelihood is involved, and the motor, for all its fouling smell, has helped increase the fisherman’s catch so that he can now afford to dispense with the far more obnoxious（讨厌的）outdoor privy. But the danger of technology is in its escalation, and there has already been a small amount of escalation here. You can see the motor oil slicks around the town dock. Electric generators can be heard over the sound of the surf. And while there are only about two dozen automobiles for the ten miles of road, already there is a wrecked jeep rusting in the harbor waters where is was dumped and abandoned. The escalation of technological pollution is coming herejust as surely as it came to the mainland cities that are now shrouded（笼罩）by fly ash.If the oil is killing the life along the coral heads, what must it not be doing to the phytoplankton（浮游植物群落）at sea which provide 70% of the oxygen we breathe? The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. Mankind, because of his technology, may require far more space per person on this globe than we had ever thought, but it is more than a matter of a certain number of square yards per person. There is instead a delicate balance of nature in which many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to sustain only a relatively few human beings. We may find, as soon as the end of this century, that the final despoliation of our environment has been signaled not by starvation but by people choking to death. The technology --- the machine --- will then indeed have had its ultimate, mindless, all-unintended triumph over man, by destroying the atmosphere he lives in just as surely as you can pinch off a diver’s breathing tube.Sitting on a lonely but spoiled beach, it is hard to imagine but possible to believe.(868 words)43. Which of the following is the best summary of this essay?A.Pollution has reached even the remotest areas of the globe and will only worsen.B.The solution to pollution problems lies in controlling population growth.C.Outboard motors are the major culprits（元凶）in the pollution of our ocean.D.We can solve pollution problems only when we stop all oil production.44. Before the pollution on the beach, the main environmental problems of the island were being caused by __________.A.overpopulationB. factoriesC. wood stovesD. commercial fishing45. The word “despoliation” as used here means _____________.A.destructionB. definitionC. desperationD. destination46.The pollution in our oceans may be causing phytoplankton to _________.A.increase to a dangerous levelB. be eaten by fish in place of their usual foodC. gradually be destroyedD. poison important species of fish47.The tone expressed throughout this essay is one of ________.A.panic and confusionB. gloom and despairC. enthusiasm and hopeD. humor and lightheartednessPassage ThreeSometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask you pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large doses. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who swallow too many for their young bodies to handle. In adults, excessive use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can cause an upset in the body’s secretion of enzymes,perhaps causing serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care.Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effect of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk hemorrhage（大出血）if he uses aspirin whenever he gets a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug. Sleeping pills and antihistamines（抗组胺药）are two types of drugs that combine with alcohol to produce drowsiness. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.(409 words)48.Adverse reactions to drugs sometimes are called ________.A.side effectsB. overdosesC. withdrawal symptomsD. risks49.When aspirin is used with heart medication, it can __________.A.clot bloodB. thin blood.C. thicken bloodD. damage muscle50.The author implies that alcohol _________.A.can intensify the effects of a drugB. can make a drug uselessC. can cause a person to turn to drugsD. can damage the pancreas（胰腺）51.The author advises parents ________.A.to avoid taking drugs in front of childrenB.to teach their children about drugsC.to throw away old medicinesD.to prevent their children from strenuous exercises after taking drugs52.We can conclude that ________.A.drugs should be bought by prescription onlyB.people react differently to drugsC.aspirin is not considered a drugD.it is not a problem to take large quantities of over-the-counter drugsPart III Translation (25 points)Directions:Please translate into Chinese the following paragraphs from the texts learned in this semester.1.The Information Marketplace will make of us urban villagers—half urban sophisticated,roaming the virtual globe, and half villager, spending more time at home and tending to family, friends, and the routines of the neighborhood. If our psyches tilt toward the crowded urban info-city, we will become more jaded, more oriented toward the self, and more indifferent, fickle, and casual in our relationships with others, as well as less tightly connected to our families and friends.2.Perhaps the most difficult thing to accept in our profession permanent criticism directed atour work. It is the background of our daily activity—and it is as necessary for us as is the plane to the carpenter. In the technological and scientific community, everyone criticizes everyone, continuously and sometimes sharply, irrespective of age or status.plicating things further, the traits a culture values most are not fixed. If cloning hadexisted a few centuries ago, men with strong backs and women with broad pelvises would have been the first ones society would have wanted to reproduce. During the industrial age, however, brainpower began to count for more than muscle power.4.Entrepreneurs are sometimes suspicious of venture capitalists for two other reasons. Thefirst is that they have, for richer or poorer, married a meddlesome outsider. Once a venture firm has taken a stake, it usually sticks around either until it has made the money it wants or until the company fails. Either way, it is deeply involved for five years or more. During that time it will often demand management changes and may even sack the founder for the greater good of the firm.5.We need only consult Aldous Huxley’s prophetic novel Brave New World for a likelyanswer to these questions. There we encounter a society dedicated to homogeneity and stability, administered by means of instant gratifications, and peopled by creatures of human shape but of stunted humanity that makes it all possible. They do not read, write, think, love or govern themselves. Creativity and curiosity, reason and passion exist only in a rudimentary and mutilated form. In short, they are not men at all.Part IV Writing (20 points)Directions:Is it possible to replace dialects with Putonghua in the future? Is it necessary to protect dialects from being restricted?What is your opinion on the issue? Give reasons for your answer.You should write at least 200 words.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your argument with examples and relevant evidence.。
研究生核心英语1期末考试试卷8
研究⽣核⼼英语1期末考试试卷8核⼼英语期终模拟试题（七）Part 1 Translation （30%）Section ADirections: Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. (10%)1. Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas.2.Meanwhile, my two sisters and I, who lived in three different cities, were united once again ina hospital waiting room.3. In the 1980s, scientists established the revolutionary concept that nicotine is extremelyaddictive.4. Yet e-mail---and all online communication—is in fact something truly different.5. Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. (10%)1.年轻⼈往往不够成熟，不会像我的成⼈学⽣们那样重视教育。
2.但是，我投⼊的时间和精⼒越多，万事就越和我过不去。
3.抽烟与否从根本上说是个⼈的选择和责任问题，责任不在烟草公司。
4.如果你没被电⼦邮件淹没，你⼀定是出了问题---这就是20世纪90年代末我们衡量⾃⾝有限价值的⽅式。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读a期末翻译复习
UNIT 1英译汉（1、4段）1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of theMississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.当我还是个小男孩时就一直有一个梦想-成为一名水手.我和小伙伴们生长在密西西比河西岸的一个小村庄,当时所有的伙伴们都梦想有朝一日成为一名水手.当为我们渐渐长大,随着环境和机遇的不同,我们的理想变了又变.当马戏团来表演时,就想当小丑；当黑人的境况每见日下,即使环境糟糕到上帝都允许我们成为海盗,我们还依旧希望能过上幸福的生活.当这些雄心壮志,日见离我们远去,昔日中那个-成为水手的梦想依然永存心间.4.Two or three of the boys had long been person of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now.有两三个男孩长期以来一直是我们中的一员，因为他们曾去过圣路易斯，对它的奇迹有一个笼统的了解，但他们荣耀的日子已经过去了。
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题(A)
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题（A）院系____________________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号___________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共13页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
3.本课程为闭卷考试。
Non-English Major Graduate Student English TestTest Booklet试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. There aren’t enough supplies of fuel for the coming cold winter.B. No fuel is available.C. The cold weather has increased the demand for food.D. They are inexperienced in dealing with a severe winter.2. A. He loves his present job.. B. He is to open a store.C. He is about to retire.D. He works in a repair shop.3. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed early.C. To catch a later flight.D. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. Right now.B. In the physics class.C. After the class.D. In the afternoon.5. A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if they pay is good.D. She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.6. A. He dislikes food from the snack bar.B. He doesn’t need anything.C. He asks the woman to buy a newspaper for him.D. He will go with the woman and hand in his term paper.7. A. $120.B. $ 180.C. $ 90.D. $ 40.8. A. They should take the train instead.B. They have to drive Shanghai for economic reason.C. They’d better drive faster.D. Their watches are too expensive.9. A. The doctor and the patient.B. The mother and the son.C. The customer and the waiter.D.The teacher and the student.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be read to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B. Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C. Because many older people sell their houses after children leave.D. Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones.11. A. They have to do their own maintenance.B. They have to furnish their own houses.C. They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D. They will find it difficult to dispose of their old style furniture.12. A. 160,000.B. 320,000.C. 15,000.D. 30,000.13. A. Due to heat-waves.B. Due to scorching summer.C. Due to mosquitoes.D. Due to warmer temperatures, droughts and floods.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The probability of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice toa full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. meticulousB.trustworthyC. intelligentD.diligent17. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of thebaby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze18. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary lifecould possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate19. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous20. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win afurther U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries21. The analysis suggests that the trade off between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing22. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort23. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, andtelevision commercials.A. potentlyB. sympatheticallyC. generouslyD. unconditionally24. The indignant passengers on the trolley-bus beat the pickpocket black and blue when they caught him.A. impatientB. tolerantC. crudeD. irate25. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made fromspecial clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crudeSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as a prime market, with the result that Hollywoodfilmmakers __________ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.A. obedientlyB. operaticallyC. obsessivelyD. outrageously27. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympicssomehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable28. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ toexpressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions29. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lustfor power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest levelin 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around theworld.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate33. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed34. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out35. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (36)____ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (37)____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (38)______,or by whom. But it began to be (39)_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to(40)______ music. In contrast to classical music, which (41)______ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (42)______ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (43)______like America, and (44)_____ it does today. The (45)______ of this music are as interesting as the music(46)______. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (47)______. They were brought to Southern States (48)______ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (49)______.When a Negro died, his friend and relatives (50)______ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (51)_______.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (52)_______ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (53)______, but the living were glad to belive.The band played (54)_______ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (55)______ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz.36. A. By B. At C. In D. On37. A. music B. song C. melody D. style38. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed39. A. noticed B. found C. listened D. heard40. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light41. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces42. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating43. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded44. A. does B. did C. do D. sounds45. A. origins B. originals C. discoveries D. resources46. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself47. A. players B. followers C. fans D. pioneers48. A. for B. as C. with D. by49. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times50. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed51. A. demonstration B. procession C. body D. march52. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But53. A. number B. members C .body D. relations54. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral55. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between scienceand technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between scienceand technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discovermay shockor anger people —as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the humanfactor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general —so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?56. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC. the former aims to discoverthe inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD. all of the above57. Which of the following may be representative of science?A. The origin of the species.B. The theory of evolution.C. Farming tools.D. Mass production.58. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A. must be strictly objectiveB. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikesC. should conform to popular opinionsD. always appear in perfect and finished forms59. The author states that technology itself _____.A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC. will lead to a better world if put to wise useD. will inevitably be for bad purpose60. What is the suitable title for this passage?A. Science and TechnologyB. Difference Between Science and Technology.C. Science —the way to comprehend the universe.D. Technology —Discovering New Designs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants(契约) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one’s late teens is not usually encouraged because marr ied life is likely to interfere with a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between familie s, villages and communities. And it doesn’t only happen in countries which don’t have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the groom’s family.It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.61. What is the topic of this passage?A.Child brides.B. Early marriages.C. Minimum age for marriage.D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.62. The word ―promiscuity‖(Para. 3) means__________.A. unstable partnershipB. firm partnershipC. diverse relationshipD. single relationship63. __________is likely to marry late.A. Women from less educated backgroundB. Women from rural areasC. Women from Islamic countriesD. Women from cities64. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.A. social positionB. rural customsC. personal arrangementsD. religion65. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.A. reducing a young woman’s educationB. limiting a young woman’s chancesC. causing infant deathD. doing harm to a young woman’s healthB.Passage ThreeQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Tracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. ―Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week—not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,‖ says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all woul d fail.Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation, required to perform community service, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.66. Which of the following can help government agents catch cybercriminals?A. Numbers, symbols and letters.B. Credit card numbers.C. Suspects’ fingerprints.D. The technology used to commit the crimes.67. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?A. Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.B. Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.C. Telephone companies were confused.D. The power in the government building was cut off.68. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author warns hackers of getting away from committing cybercrimes.B. The author complains about cybercrimes.C. The author suggests hackers not to commit cybersrimes.D. The author commands that hackers must stop committing cybercrims.69. What does the FBI agent say about the consequence of a computer crime?A. There would beno more television programs to watch.B. A city would be no more thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the East Coast for a week.D. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cybercriminals?A. Being put into prison.B. Sentenced to death.C. Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.D. Doing something for the company.Passage FourQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.71. This selection can best be titled__________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence72. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence73. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12574. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain75. This passage suggests that an individual’s I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodPassage FiveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear, and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.76. The passage is mainly about________.A. the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC. the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD. the correlation between the sun and the earth77. We can conclude from the passage that_______.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast78. The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because________.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles79. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.80. It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because________.A. the moon passes between the sun and the earthB. the sun gets dark during the dayC. the earth’s shadow falls on the moonD. no light from the sun can reach the moonPassage SixQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the―grand tou r‖, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that i t leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ―Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites‖ of that ―Latin peoples shout a lot‖. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.。
01研究生英语水平测试A卷(含答案)
English Qualification Examination PaperFor the Postgraduates of Information Engineering UniversityPaper APart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section 1:Directions: In this section, you are going to hear a radio cooking show hosted by Pam Waters. She is speaking to a guest about chillies. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once. Then complete the notes below. Write no more than two words and/or a number.Section 2: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage 111. A. Diamond-producing rivers are disappearing because of climate change.B. Diamond couldn’t be formed without great heat and pressure of the volcano.C. Earthquakes brought some diamonds up to the surface of the earth.D. Explosion of the volcano can damage diamonds as well.12. A. Under the lake. B. On the seashore.C. In the volcanoes.D. At the foot of the mountains.13. A. They never came back home with desired diamonds.B. They lost the hard-earned diamonds on their way back.C. They were sentenced to death for stealing diamonds.D. They returned home as content as millionaires.14. A. South Africa. B. Eastern Russia. C. India. D. Congo.Passage 215. A. It interests students in a career in counseling.B. It recruits counselors to work in the placement office.C. It facilitates students to find a part-time job easily.D. It convinces local merchants to hire college students.16. A. Gardening and landscaping. B. Retailing. C. Financing. D. Child-care.17. A. Refine their interviewing techniques. B. Arrange their working schedules.C. Select appropriate practical courses.D. Write cover letters for their resumes.Passage 318. A. Languages people use in international communication.B. The popularity of English as a world language.C. The development of English as a native language.D. The variety of English in spoken and written forms.19. A. How many native speakers it had in Shakespeare’s time.B. The number of people with an adequate working knowledge of it.C. The situations where a common language is needed.D. The purposes for people to learn a second language.20. A. Because they were forced to do so by the British government.B. Because it best serves the needs of its native speakers.C. Because it is the easiest language for internal and international communication.D. Because with multilingual populations they need it for internal communication.Section 3: Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.This may look like just another Silicon Valley company, with people 21.____________ at their desk. But Capella Space has a 22.____________ customer: the U.S. military.“We’d like to work with the government because we think we can help the government save money, bring a capability that doesn’t exist, and through that hopefull y save some lives…”An immigrant from Iran, Payam Banazadeh now builds 23._____________________ satellite that is a bit bigger than a shoebox.“In fact, this is a military type technology. The problem is the satellites that the military uses are 24. ____________.”Capella can build satellites smaller, cheaper and faster than traditional military satellites. Now, the U.S. military can be a customer of Capella Satellite data quickly through a new Defense Department group, called Defense Innovation Unit 25.____________, or DIUx.“So the Department of Defense is the world’s largest bureaucracy. There are some things that are of a secret nature and must be 26.____________. And of course, everything that our soldiers touch could have life or death implication s…”As a result, the military tends to be risk averse, and in many cases, will only 27. ____________ technology when it is perfect. But by then, the technology may be outdated.The tech startup culture is the opposite, where 28.________________________ drive innovation. “Have this minimal viable product that you launch really quickly into the market and learn about it and iterate and try to d o this as quickly as possible…”At the Milken Institute Gobal Conference recently, Silicon Valley 29.______________________________________________________ with technology.“As a broad statement, government systems are not using the latest forms of operating systems, encryptions and mechanisms.”As the most recent global cyber attack proves, 30. ____________________________________. House in this building in the middle of Silicon Valley, DIUx, is a bridge that bring together the different cultures of Silicon Valley startups and the U.S. military to meet national security needs. “Technology is always changing and 31. ________________________, that actually gives the bad guys more time to figure out what the vulnerabilities are. If we’re constantly evolving, it’s a cat and mouse game between attackers and defenders and we want to be on the winning side of that.”That starts with DIUx doing away with much of the paperwork and bureaucracy traditionally involved with having the military as a customer.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)The code war: 21st century cyber weaponsOver the last decade, the wor ld’s understanding of cyber security has irrevocably shifted. Where once cyber crime was seen as the domain of mischief-making, basement-dwelling loners, cyber attacks have now been recognised as the complex, pervasive threat that they really are.Even US Presi dent Barack Obama’s State of the Union address delivered on 24 January 2012 made mention of “the growing dangers of cyber-threats”.As the secretive cyber world continues to mature, the internet has become the scene of a covert, international battleground, the likes of which has never been seen before. On the new digital frontline, the boundaries between the military, civilian and corporate worlds have been confused, as governments, companies and individuals ranging from politically inspired ‘hacktivists’ t o black market freelancers compete for the upper hand to pursue their agendas.Given that hacking has opened up a new frontier of international espionage, sabotage and diplomatic tension, it’s no surprise that this new conflict has been nicknamed by m any a s ‘the Code War’.Cyberwar: from defensive to offensiveOne of the major shifts to have taken place in the cyber landscape over the last decade is the move by many governments, in the West and elsewhere, to complement their cyber defences with offensive capabilities.Although the inherent deniability of cyber attacks makes solid information scarce, examples of alleged state-backed cyber attacks in the last few years indicates that countries are increasingly ready and able to wreak great damage to the networks of their adversaries.Stuxnet, the computer worm that severely disrupted Iran’s uranium enrichment facility at Natanz in the second half of 2010, is widely rumoured to have been the result of a collaboration between Israel and the US to set back the Iranian nuclear programme. Stuxnet, which destroyed some of the nuclear centrifuges at Natanz by taking over control systems and speeding up their rotor speeds, marked a sea-change in the perception of cyber attacks.It highlighted the fact that cyber incursions are no longer designed only to shut down websites and steal digital data, they are now capable of affecting real, physical infrastructure.More recent reports have also highlighted that Stuxnet may only be one of a family of five cyber weapons developed successively. Stuxnet and a recently detected Trojan horse programme called Duqu have been linked to each other and three other malware programmes that have not yet been unleashed.The US gears up for cyberwarfareAs well as the rumours linking the US to Stuxnet, more signs have emerged which suggest the country’s military and intelligence agencies are looking to improve their offensive cyber capabilities.Perhaps the clearest sign is the recent creation of an entirely new brigade, the 780th Military Intelligence Brigade, dedicated to protecting the US from cyber attacks and, in the words of a US Army statement, “providing new and breathtaking capabilities to our army’s already impressive war fighting capabilities”.As well as bolstering its own defences against cyber attacks, the US is looking to stay ahead of the pack when it comes to leveraging cyber weapons on the digitised battlefield of the not-too-distant future. Options being explored include methods of extracting sensitive information from other co untries’ databases without detection, as well as more ambitious plans like disrupting enemy networks or even gain command over enemy control systems.Despite the level of sophistication required to carry out such attacks, many of these tactics have already been use in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to a senior Pentagon officer who spoke to Time magazine in 2010.Cyber weapons, complex issuesThere are many factors that make cyberwarfare a much blurrier and more complex prospect than its conventional counterpart. The very nature of cyber security means the advantage is almost always with the attacker, who succeeds by exploiting a single vulnerability, while the defender must monitor the whole network.With a huge and diverse range of sources from which attacks could be launched, it is also extremely difficult to determine whether a foreign government was even involved.Governments are hardly likely to launch attacks from their own servers, and obscuring techniques like the use of botnets (a group of infected computers operated remotely) further muddy the water.As an entirely unprecedented form of conflict, the use of cyber weaponry is forcingpolicymakers to catch up with technology and find some way of creating a regulatory framework for a new kind of war. In October 2011, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff began reviewing a new doctrine dictating when the country’s cyberwarriors would be authorised to go on the offensive, and how.The doctrine, once adopted, is intended to provide solid guidance on what constitutes an appropriate response to a cyber attack and which of the country’s defence organisations would be responsible for making the call, among other issues.Section A: Questions 32-37 (1×6=6 points)Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-37 on your answer sheet, chooseA for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.32.Cyber crime used to be regarded as a wide-spread threat. ( )33.With the maturity of secretive cyber world, the internet has now become an unprecedentedinternational battlefield. ( )34.Iran’s uranium enrichment facility at Nata nz was severely disrupted by Stuxnet in 2010 due tothe collaboration between Israel and the US to set back the Iranian nuclear programme. ( ) 35.Disrupting enemy networks or gaining command over enemy control systems requiresadvanced level of cyber technology. ( )36.Botnets are created by state-backed cyber attackers. ( )37.The new doctrine adopted dictates which of the country’s defence organisations would beresponsible for making the decision. ( )Section B: Questions 38-44 (1×7=7 points)Directions: Complete the sentences below.Choose One word only from the passage for each blank.Write your answers in the blanks 38-44 on your answer sheet.38.The new conflict in cyber security has been ________ by many people as ‘the Code War’.39.Many countries are ready and able to use cyber weapons to damage the networks of their________.40.Cyber incursions can control websites and influence physical _________.41.Emerging signs suggest that US military and intelligence agencies intend to improve their_________ cyber capabilities.42.The US is trying to use cyber weapons on the future _______ battlefield while strengtheningits own defences against cyber attacks.43.In the field of cyber security, the attacker can successfully launch attacks by exploiting asingle _________, while the defender must monitor the whole network.44.Policymakers are forced to create a _________ framework for cyberwarfare.Section C: Questions 45 (2 points)Directions: Answer the question below. Choose your answer from the passage. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.45.What is one of the major changes made by many goverments in cyber security over the lastten years?_______________________________________________________________________________Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)46. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on theAnswer Sheet.As Alan Turing (艾伦·图灵) put it in his 1950 paper on computing machinery, “we can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.” If we are to face the future honestly, we need both a clear sense of where we are coming from and an accurate description of what is unfolding under our noses. AI (artificial intelligence) extends across a lot of emerging disciplines for which more precise labels exist: machine learning, big data, neural networks, etc. Yet a 60-year-old term obfuscates (v.使模糊) the debate around this development—while encouraging many unhelpful fantasies.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)47. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on theAnswer Sheet.“数据经济”的时代已经到来。
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PART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Goal Setting is extremely important to __________ and success.A. mediationB. initiationC. motivationD. adaptation32. The Football Club recognizes that in the competitive world of professional football, they must be ambitious, creative and _________ to change.A. originalB. potentialC. adaptiveD. intellectual33. No longer confined to working in the bedroom, wireless ________ to the Internet has been made available in most hotels.A. accessB. pursuitC. peerD. acquisition34. With regard to fuel, the urgent _______ is to save and replace oil.A. allotmentB. priorityC. competencyD. efficacy35. Scientists ________ spacemen to all kinds of tests before they send them up in rockets.A. subjectB. adoptC. ensureD. restore36. English is one of the world’s _________ languages, so we must try to learn it well.A. moderateB. obviousC. predominantD. undeniable37. Before getting it printed, she went through the typescript carefully to _______ all errors from it.A. diminishB. eliminateC. indicateD. extend38. There have been studies showing that smoking and lung cancer are closely __________.A. interactedB. overlappedC. emphasizedD. correlated39. His speech _________ the difficulties involved in the Project Hope.B. computerizedC. mobilizedD. subsidized40. The President has promised his hope in his speech the ________ of economic growth.A. abilityB. sustainabilityC. mobilityD. productivity41. The government has _________ the task of building the Olympic stadium to the construction team.A. assignedB. assessedC. assistedD. assembled42. I think we should be able to ________ the airplane ticket so that you can start tomorrow.A. struggleB. mingleC. wangleD. double43. Schools were located in the same campus to ________ the sharing of resources.A. facilitateB. appreciateC. illustrateD. evaluate44. The budget of constructing the across-sea bridge between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao was ______ by the respective governments.A. assembledB. approvedC. appointedD. applauded45. His mother was hard-working and ________ for her four children.A. carefulB. ambitiousC. regardlessD. influential46. Older people are more ________ to the virus.A. linkedB. involvedC. susceptibleD. protective47. The company said the debt was _______ during its acquisition of nine individual businesses.A. reducedB. paidC. cancelled48. Many people are still complaining that there are so many _______ in our education system.A. defectsB. variationsC. programsD. tests49. Financial experts have _______ signs that the economy is beginning to improve.A. detectedB. designedC. influencedD. predicted50. As many as 100 species of fish, some _______ to these waters may have been affected by the pollution.A. uniqueB. dependentC. dispensableD. essential51. He excels at _________ language games that can be used for students in class.A. devotingB. accountingC. cultivatingD. devising52. The newspaper gives a somewhat _______ report of what actually happened.A. fascinatedB. distortedC. depressedD. devised53. In fact, there is a greater _______ of wildlife of the four-footed in the more temperate southern regions.A. influenceB. abundanceC. effectD. importance54. Our company aims to continue operating in this way next year and welcome your feedback on this _________ of delivery.A. traitB. modeC. resourceD. goal55. Manpower resource building is a key to _________ competitive capacity and service quality.A. allocatingB. reactingC. overwhelmingD. upgrading56. Tickets will be _______ on a first come, first served basis on the day of the event according to the capacity of the venue.B. upgradedC. allocatedD. achievedPART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Summaries can be obtained for free; you need to _______ to get the full reports.A. adaptB. participateC. enhanceD. subscribe32. With great efforts and __________, he successfully obtained his Ph.D.A. acquisitionB. flexibilityC. persistenceD. intellectuality33. I reminded children of how we did this and we clapped the _________ together.A. outletB. rhythmC. accessD. priority34. Although Grandma is 80 years old, she _________ a clear memory of her schooldays.A. attainsB. retainsC. obtainsD. attends35. New research suggests that species that grow too large may be more _______ to extinction.A. viableB. proneC. likelyD. suffering36. Disappointed at failing the test, Peter lay there _______ for a long time.A. moralB. immoralC. mobileD. immobile37. “We will ________ this physics problem in the next class”, said Prof. Huang.A. combatB. confessC. sustainD. address38. The pupils have been told that breathing exercises can help to ________ stress.A. relieveB. tripleD. divert39. It is a common practice that on the eve of Chinese Spring Festival, all night long fireworks _______into the sky.A. easeB. soarC. combatD. swell40. The refugees of the flood have been living in _________ housing provided by the authorities.A. sustainedB. mobilizedC. subsidizedD. eased41. She turned her head, _________ to his grin with a smile.A. respondingB. leadingC. objectingD. devoting42. They are working to ensure that their market share remains ________ against competition.A. consequentB. alternativeC. sureD. secure43. Mr. Baker’s assistant telephoned to _______ his appointment with the chairman.A. confirmB. orderC. questionD. appoint44. Japanese food has been presented as expensive and ________ for special occasions.A. gatheredB. reservedC. collectedD. relieved45. Much later, he ________ with his son Michael on the English translation of a text on anti-aging.A. dealtB. collaboratedC. agreedD. compared46. The operation ________ putting a small tube into your heart.A. conductsB. managesC. involvesD. performs47. The ________ of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.B. probabilityC. aspectD. sequence48. For the sake of convenience, the photographs are shown in chronological __________.A. sequenceB. processC. activityD. schedule49. It was dangerous to visit earthquake-hit area, but she set out _______ of the risk.A. recklessB. regardC. regardlessD. hideously50. We can solve our _______ affairs by our own intelligence.A. indoorB. insideC. outdoorD. internal51. The new Prime Minister is _______ relationships with old Eastern Bloc countries.A. accountingB. excludingC. cultivatingD. pursuing52. He came in with four shopping bags and _______ them on the table.A. tookB. devotedC. pursuedD. dumped。