13 万吨硫铁矿制硫酸转化系统工艺设计

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）说明书

论文题目：年产13万吨硫酸转化工艺设计

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2015年5月31日

目录

摘要...................................................................................................................................... III Abstract .................................................................................................................................... IV 第一章文献综述.. (1)

1.1硫酸介绍 (1)

1.2硫酸的生产方法 (6)

1.3硫铁矿制酸工艺 (7)

1.4方案的选择 (9)

1.5本次设计的目的及意义 (9)

第二章转化工序物料衡算与热量衡算 (10)

2.1 产品规模和规格 (10)

2.2确定各断进口温度及转化率 (10)

2.3转化工序物料衡算 (15)

2.4转化器各段的热量衡算 (23)

第三章设备选型 (33)

3.1换热器计算 (33)

3.2转化器计算 (42)

3.3其他设备的选择 (43)

3.4设备选型一览表 (44)

第四章环境保护与治理建议 (46)

4.1 三废主要来源 (46)

4.2 三废处理方案 (46)

设计小结 (48)

致谢 (49)

参考文献 (50)

附录 (51)

摘要

硫酸作为一种基本的无机化工产品，在国民经济的很多部门如化工、轻工、冶金、化肥等领域都有着广泛的用途。其主要生产过程包括以下工序：硫铁矿的焙烧、炉气的净化、SO2的转化、SO3的吸收和尾气的处理。

本设计是年产13万吨H2SO4转化系统的工艺设计，主要负责硫酸工艺中SO2到SO3的转换过程，转换工艺流程是通过一转一吸收完成的，涉及4台换热器，主要以高温生成气来预热低温反应气，达到热量的有效利用，最大限度的降低能量损失，做到工业生产的低碳化和环保化，以经济、节能、高效、可持续发展为目标来进行设计。本设计的计算部分主要分两块：物料衡算和热量衡算。本次工艺设计的进气体积百分数分别为：SO2=9.0%，N2=80.8%。第一、第二、第三、第四转化工段的进口、出口温度依次设计为380℃→560℃，480℃→510℃，455℃→470℃，390℃→400℃。通过物料衡算与热量衡算，对出口温度进行核算，核算的四个转化工段的出口温度依次为：562.07℃、502.37℃、492.79℃、399.01.℃，与设计温度吻合，说明本设计是合理可行的。本设计说明书的编制包括：硫酸生产原理与生产工艺流程的论证、相关物料衡算与热量衡算、主体设备的设计与选型、转化工段的工艺流程图等内容。

关键词：硫酸；设计；两转两吸；热量衡算；物料衡算

Abstract

As a basic inorganic chemical product, sulfuric acid has extensive applications in many fields of domestic economy such as chemical engineering, light industry, metallurgy and fertilizer etc. The main production process consists of the combustion of sulfur ore, the oxidation of SO 2，the absorption of SO 2and the treatment of exhaust gas.

This design is 150000 tons of sulfuric acid pear year into system design process, is

mainly responsible for the sulfuric acid process of 2SO to 3SO conversion process,

Conversion process can be completed by 1 conversion and to absorption of 1, involving 4 heat exchangers, mainly in the high temperature gas is generated in response to low temperature gas preheating, effectively use to heat, to maximize the reduction of energy losses, to achieve industrial production of low carbon and environmental protection, energy saving, high

efficiency, economy, sustainable development objective to design. There are three main part of the calculation: the material balance, heat balance and heat transfer area

calculation.The first,second,third,fourth import and export of the transforming section ,is desi gned to a temperature of 380 ℃ to 560 ℃, 480 ℃ to 510 ℃, 455 ℃ to 470 ℃, 390 ℃ to 400 ℃ in turn . By material balance and heat balance, calculating the outlet temperature ,the calcu lation of four order of conversion and outlet temperature is: 562.07℃、502.37℃、

492.79℃、 to 399.01 ℃, in accordance with the design temperature, which means this design is feasible. The specification of the design consists: introduction, demonstration of the

method of producing vitriol, calculation of materials balance and energy balance, design and selection of main equipments, the layout of oxidation process of the plant, anticorrosion and security etc. Finally completed the process specification, safety memorandum, completed the design specification.

Keywords ：sulfuric acid ；design ；2conversion and to absorption of 2；heat balance ；material bal