英汉翻译笔记

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对考研最有帮助的目前最全面的英汉翻译笔记

对考研最有帮助的目前最全面的英汉翻译笔记

对考研最有帮助的目前最全面的英汉翻译笔记第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。

5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

中翻英课堂笔记

中翻英课堂笔记

趁热打铁: to strike while the iron is hot.浑水摸鱼: to fish in the troubled water如坐针毡: to sit on pins and needles静水流深: still waters run deep奋力图存: to keep one's head above water不知所措/茫然: all at sea我全然不懂公司这些新的规章制度.I am totally/all at sea about the company's new rules & regulations. 在开一家商行之前, 先要了解当地的情况.You should see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.或 It is necessary/wise to see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.hang-hanged- hanged 上吊hang-hung-hung 悬挂在选择接受哪份工作之间他摇摆不定,错过了良机.He lost/ missed good opportunity because/ as he was hung in the wind about which offer to take.nail one's colors (旗帜) to the mast(围杆) : 坚决这家公司的老总在谈判中寸步不让, 导致了谈判破裂.The general manager nailed his colors to the mast in the negotiation and result in the failure of the negotiation.你一定会顺利渡过这些暂时的困境的.You will overcome /come through such temporary difficulty .with flying colors 获得大胜sail under false colors 伪装show one's true colors 原形毕露表面上他装得很绅士,可是一遇到紧急情况,他的真面目就暴露无遗了.He sailed under false colors as a gentleman. But in case of emergency, his true colors was shown./he will show his true colors.a group of peoplea school of fishbig fish 大人物shy fish 羞怯的人like a fish out of water 浑身不自在她不得不和一群陌生得客户一起共进晚餐, 这让她觉得浑身不自在.She had to dine with a group of strange clients, which make her feel like a fish out of water.drink like a fish 牛饮,豪饮a big fish in a little pond在当地,这家公司生意做得最大. 可是与全国同行业得其他公司比起来, 那只能是小巫见大巫.In the local area, the company has a wide business relationships.But compared with other companies in the same industry/field nationwide, it was only a big fish in a little pond.the great fish eat up the small这家公司设备陈旧,技术落后,在市场竞争中很快就被兼并了.The company was eaten up by great fish in the fierce market competition because it was lag behind both in equipment and technology.或With the outdated equipment and technology, the company was eaten by great fish in the competition.雨后春笋: bamboo shoots/like mushrooms after the rain掩耳盗铃: to bury one's head in the sand一箭双雕: to kill two birds with one stone健壮如牛: as strong as a horse一贫如洗: as pour as a church mouselucky dog :幸运儿love me, love my dog: 爱屋及乌狗仗人势: be a bully with the backing of a powerful person.狼心狗肺: ungrateful and heartless瓜熟蒂落: everything comes right when the right time comes瑞雪兆丰年: A timely snow promises a good harvestteach fish to swim: 班门弄斧black sheep: 害群之马,败家子The company lost a big order due to his carelessness. Most of the staffempolyees/colleages thought him as a black sheep, soon he took the blame and resigned.他的大意使得公司失去了一笔大订单. 大多数员工都把他当成是害群之马,不久他就引咎辞职了.come rain or shine: 不见不散不管什么情况下, 他都是一个可以值得信赖得朋友.Rain or shine, he is always a reliable/trustworthly friend.It never rains but pours. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人for a rainy day 未雨绸缪in a fogHis mind was in a fog for a whole day.整整一天, 他的头脑都昏昏沉沉的.have the foggiest idea of他表达能力太差, 雇员们听了半天还是完全不知所云.He could not express himself clearly, and all the employees have the foggiest idea about what he talks about.空中楼阁: castles in the air自食其果: eat the fruit of one's own doing火上浇油: to pour oil on the flame轻如鸿毛: as light as a featherbird of a feather flock together :物以类聚胸有成竹: to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth.剖腹藏珠: penny wise and pound foolish一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳: Once bitten, twice shy.无风不起浪: where there's smoke, there is fire.有志者事竟成: where there's a will, there is a way.新官上任三把火: A new broom (扫把) sweeps clean开门见山: to come straight to the point单枪匹马: to be single-handed in doing sth扬眉吐气: to feel proud and elated风雨飘摇: (of a situation ) being unstable初生牛犊不怕虎: The more wit, the less courage.叶公好龙: professed love of what one really fears.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮: Two heads are better than one.赛翁失马,焉知非福: A loss may turn out to be a gain.初出茅庐: at the beginning of one's career.并驾齐驱: neck and neck不可一世: as proud as a peacock本末倒置: put the cart before the horse隔墙有耳: walls have ears入乡随俗: do in Rome as the Romans do画蛇添足: to paint the lilyRed-letter day(纪念日,喜庆的日子)如圣诞节等,因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标志出来的Roll out the red carpet for sb: 表示盛情欢迎某人Red for danger: 与流血,危险与暴力联系在一起红糖: blown sugar红茶: black tea红榜: honor roll红豆: love pea红运:good luck红利: dividend红颜: a beautiful girlRed ruin: 火灾Red battle: 血战Red sky: 彩霞Red tape: 繁文缛节Green: 表示嫉妒,眼红Green with envy/green as jealousy/green-eyed(红眼病)艾丽斯的女友看到他的新装, 心生嫉妒.Alice's girl friend was green with envy when they saw her new dress. Green:在英文中表示钱财,钞票,有经济实力;还表示没经验,缺乏训练,知识浅薄You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people.戴绿帽子: to be a cuckoldGreen:病态,脸色发青He was green after his boat ship. 他乘船回来,脸色发青。

(完整版)翻译笔记

(完整版)翻译笔记

(完整版)翻译笔记第一次课好英文:主次分明,逻辑严密,主三次八(主则主句主谓主系表,次则从句名形介副非谓三各种短语)好中文:音调和谐,结构匀称,具体表现凡十:双声(声母相同eg 坎坷,迷茫),叠韵(韵母相同eg 彷徨,徜徉),叠音,双音节,四字格,对仗,平仄,量词准(找准比喻角度,活用动量词eg.一本芭蕉),动词活(eg.眉毛一扬,头发一甩general/specific words)活用动词四法:具体,高频,靠近,连用好译文:faithful and smooth 忠通脱读是文章对读没走样(content &style)翻译:技巧,语言比较,相关表达怎么学:reading-observing-imitating-producing (speaking & writing & translating)条件:三语让之间之外技巧全攻略:增减逆顺转类换正反拆合引申难增减-eg.汉译英代词增加逆顺-英文先主后客,中文先客后主拆合-英译汉多拆;汉译英多合引申-深宽抽象事物具体化1.风在吼,马在叫,黄河在咆哮,河东河西高粱熟,万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。

Wind howling,horses neighing,the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains.2.广出猎,见草中石以为虎而射之,中石,没全族,视之,石也,因复更射之,终不能入矣。

(三个左右的动词合一次,取一个最重要的做谓语)Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Laterhe discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it.3.松下问童子,言师采药去。

超全英汉翻译笔记 句型

超全英汉翻译笔记 句型

自己收录一些句子(英汉翻译),大家看看吧:1.As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and m ental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment.分析:该句包含了并列结构被分割的情况。

lack of physical and mental energy和sentiment 是并列结构,作two other reasons的同位语。

但是被非限定性定语从句both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away分割。

译文:人们随着日趋年迈,积存物品还有其它两个原因:一是缺乏体力和精神,两者在清理和扔掉无用之物时不可或缺,二是感情上的原因。

2.Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of.分析:连词as 引导的比较状语从句中,it 代替for two old people to be。

to be 后省略了fond of each other。

to be 做分割成分。

译文:象两位老人一生中没有其它什幺东西可爱而彼此相爱一样,老亨利和他的妻子芬比也互相爱慕。

3.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.分析:insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中间被插入语as a first consideration 分割,做进一步说明。

英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记

英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记

英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记:6.词组的翻译英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记:第六部分词组的翻译1.all+抽象名词/抽象名词+itself =very + adj.He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。

To his superiors, he is humility itself。

对于长辈,他极为谦逊。

分析:该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法,有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义,有时甚至可以译为“。

的化身”、“。

的具体化”。

普通复数名词用于“all”之后,也是表达这种概念。

He is all smiles.他一味地笑。

She is all eyes.她盯着看。

I am all anxiety.我真担心。

He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。

2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) ofMr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲学家风范。

Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。

Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。

Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。

分析:此为表示“程度”的形容词短语,有时可以当作副词翻译。

Something of =to some extent(某程度),在问句和条件句中则用anyting of(略有、多少)。

nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。

相类似的情况:to be something of = to have something of + 名词+in +代名词He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。

汉译英笔记

汉译英笔记

1.例子:现在必须采取措施来保护环境(表目的)分析:找主语->无主语,也就是无主句。

无主语:对应英文三种句型:形式主语、there be 句型、被动句型。

形式主语:It is necessary ['nesəs(ə)rɪ] /essential [ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] / imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/to take/ adopt measures to protect the environment.(不定式表目的)essential, imperative。

能用高级词汇就用高级词汇。

adopt: 有两个意思,采取采纳;收养;there be 句型There is necessity [nə'sɛsəti] to adopt measures to protect the environment.被动句型(找被动句型的主语-:措施)Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.特殊句型:是到做某事的时候了It is time to do sth.... 是到做某事的时候了It is high time to adopt measures to protect the environment.(更加地道)。

使用从句,从句使用虚拟语气,动词用一般过去时It is high time that measures were adopted to protect the environment确定句型、结构1)确定基准时态,能够避免犯大的语法错误比如:记叙文――一般过去时,以及他的变化议论文、说明文――一般现在时。

对照原文,首先检查译文是否正确的转述了原文的内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言上的明显错误,如:时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等,发现错误,及时改正。

62-浙大09春学期《英汉翻译》第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记

62-浙大09春学期《英汉翻译》第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记
例如: 外向型经济export-oriented economy
做事一丝不苟的detail- oriented technician
例如:博士点Doctoral program
例如:我们相信用不了多久我们的家用电器产品就会走向世界。
We believe that soon /it will not before long our electrical appliances go global.
例6那位教师介绍了他教物理的宝贵经验。
The teacher shared /passed on his valuable experience in teaching physics.
例7 她掌握了大量英语词汇。
She masters/possesses a wide vocabulary of English words.
例3:日本以温泉驰名
错误Japan is famous for/boasts warm spring
正确hot spring
例4:我通常睡得很晚
错误:I usually sleep very late
正确:I usually stay up/go to sleep very late
3、英译汉水平的培养
1)提高英语表达能力
2)进行有针对性的翻译实践
3)精读各类英语读物
4、汉译英的必要条件 1)要有Fra bibliotek高的汉语水平
2)要有较高的英语水平
3)要有一定的专业知识和丰富的文化知识
4)要有一定的英语为母语国家的背景知识
看下面几个例子,红色标注处的翻译是容易做错的,要特别注意:
例11她没能赴约,因为她病了。

超全面英汉翻译笔记_2

超全面英汉翻译笔记_2
产的化学药品
4、heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海面
5、heavy sleep:熟睡
6、heavy smoker:烟瘾大的人
7、heavy current:强电流
8、heavy eater:食量大的人
9、heavy task:繁重的任务
10、heavy food:油腻而难消化的食物
11、heavy traffic:拥挤的交通
top charging system炉顶装料装置
设备:loading system转载设备
制:basic hole(shaft) system基孔(轴)制
【数学】组:system of equations
【力学】系:system of forces
【化学】法:acid system酸法
1、intensity:指强烈的程度,多用于磁、电、热、光、声、火、劳动等抽象或非(易于触摸到的)实体。
例:colour intensity intensity of light
2、strength:指坚强的程度,用于可触摸到的具体实物抗拒能力的大小。
strength of cement(水泥标号) engine strength
age structure年龄构成
atomic structure原子结构
steel stucture钢结构
shell stucture薄层结构
brick stucture砖建筑物
geological stucture地质构造
market stucture市场结构
microscopic stucture显微组织
3、rubbish:范围广,真正的废物。也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说!)”

超全面英汉翻译笔记_5

超全面英汉翻译笔记_5
waiting a long time.
He sent the ball flying.
They caught him doing evil.
I can't make myself understood.
His actions make him respected, but not his words.
An old man was represented as standing among his sons.
I was given a dictionary as being the best students.
d.作解释性修饰语得分词
作为解释性修饰语,它常常放在主语后面或前面,由逗号把它和主语分开,就像一个作状语的分词一样。但是作状语的分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步等,可改为一个状语从句,并修饰谓语动词。作解释性修饰语的分词若说明伴随的情况时,不能变为状语从句,这时对主语的说明多于对谓语的说明。对下面两对句子加以比较,就可看出这两种用法的差别:
I have a house built on the mountain.
Please get thie luggage carried into the room.
分词也可由being 开始:
He watched the pictures being hung on the wall.
Bleeding and fainting, he waited for the ambulance.
Closing the door, he shut out the beggar.
Shouting aloud, he called to me.
Walking along the bank, the poet sang a sorrowful song.

英译汉笔记 mti翻译

英译汉笔记 mti翻译

第一节翻译的标准要想译出好的译文,首先要了解翻译的标准。

翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文优劣的尺度。

对于翻译的初学者来说,能达到“忠实”,“通顺”即可。

一、忠实“忠实”是指译文在内容上要与原文保持一致。

然而,仅仅是字面上的一一对应不叫“忠实”。

如“中国重汽集团”的“重汽”自然是“重型汽车”的简称,但照译成“Heavy Truck”,显然没有传达出真正的意思,会被误解成汽车本身很重,所以只有在“heavy”后面加“duty”才会实现真正的“忠实”。

再如“soft drink”应译成“软饮料” 还是“饮料”?这要看汉语的习惯说法或者中国人对饮料的概念,不然就会弄巧成拙。

“soft drink”是指不含酒精的饮料,而中文的“饮料”一般就是不含酒精的,含酒精的就是酒了。

“软饮料”显然是画蛇添足,反而会把读者弄糊涂了。

二、通顺“通顺”主要是指语言。

如果原文是通顺易懂的,那么译文也要尽量通顺、易懂,没有逐词死译、硬译的现象,没有文理不通,结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

这就需要译者有深厚的汉语基础。

试想,如果写不出好文章,怎么可能译出好文章?第二节英汉语言对比一、英汉词汇对比英汉语都有实词(full word)与虚词(form word) 之分,语法作用也大体相同。

但是,也有许多不同点。

1.英语名词有单、复数之分,而汉语没有。

作为补偿,在汉语中,涉及人的复数,可考虑用“们”来翻译。

如:workers 工人们有时,也可在名词前用重叠的量词表示复数。

如:red flowers 朵朵红花smiling faces 一张张笑脸2.然而,有时英语名词的单、复数表达的意义不同,译者需要特别注意:custom 习惯customs 海关ground 场地grounds 理由damage 损害damages 赔偿费3. 对某些抽象名词需增加“现象”、“状况”、“情绪”等范畴词。

unemployment 失业现象tension 紧张局面arrogance 骄傲情绪shortage 短缺情况4.英语连词的使用率远远高于汉语连词,因为英语重形态结构,而汉语重内在联系。

超全面英汉翻译笔记

超全面英汉翻译笔记

第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。

5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

英汉翻译课堂笔记1

英汉翻译课堂笔记1

B. 套话、惯用语或文言句式的转换:翻译时一般应遵循译入语的习惯,尽量找到对应的惯用表达。

(汉语多用四字结构)汉译英时可套用英语的程式化的、特别正式的词语,以保译文和原文意义和风格的一致。

●(15) Thank you for your kind consideration.●承蒙垂注,谨致谢意。

●(16) The extreme shortage of recent goods made us feel regretful being unable to offer theprice.●货源奇紧,歉难报盘。

(17)本人冒昧地邀请贵方光临我方展台,购买与否,悉听尊便。

●I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you may rest assured that you willnot be pressed to buy.●(18)兹通知,海尔公司将采取一切必要的措施,追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有海尔商标的当事人。

●Notice is hereby given that HAIER Co., Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against anyparty manufacturing and/or selling any products bearing the trade mark of "HAIER"without being authorized.●(19)甲方同意向乙方支付以下称为特许权使用的费用,该费用等于售货总额的5%。

●Party A agrees to pay to Party B an amount hereinafter called royalty equal to 5% of thegross sales.●(20)岳阳渔业公司(下称甲方)和厦门海产有限公司(下称已方)通过友好协商与谈判达成如下协议。

英汉笔译课笔记(应该未全)

英汉笔译课笔记(应该未全)

英汉笔译课笔记(应该未全)英汉笔译课笔记(应该未全)据说英汉笔译考试内容都在我们平时的作业上出(上届师兄说的),大家多注意一下吧。

一下是我平时的笔记还有舍友的笔记整理,希望能帮到大家。

(PS:我也发到群邮箱了)A 用词不同Black tea 红茶White coffee/ black coffee 加牛奶/不加牛奶的咖啡a black ship 被罢工工人抵制装卸的船black studies (美国大学中)研究黑人问题的学科black sheep 败家子black widow 黑寡妇black smith 铁匠black bird 画眉black birding (殖民主义的)贩奴活动in the black 盈利in the red 赤字,亏损black and blue 遍体鳞伤look black (前景)暗淡laugh off one’s head 笑掉大牙sister states 兄弟省市green-eyed 嫉妒pink eye 患红眼病stop thief 抓贼啊white sale 床上用品大减价an off season 淡季ID card 身份证B 词的搭配不同make money 挣钱wet snow 雨夹雪Although the morning was young 天气尚早C 语言结构不同No comments 无可奉告We need talking heads.招收电话员启示good team work 配合默契This is VOA, signing on.美国之音,现在开始播音。

He is swimming is money. 他腰缠万贯。

under the rose 秘密地一词多义翻译1. like charger repel, unlike charges attract. 同性相斥,异性相吸。

2. like knows like. 英雄识英雄。

3. like begets like, like father, like son.龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子能打洞。

超全面英汉翻译笔记_4

超全面英汉翻译笔记_4

4. Not so fast. 不要那么快啦.
(10)To this day: (指日期)准确地
It is 40 years to this day that I left university.
(11)Have seen better days: 曾经历过好日子
Palmer was departmental head in that university before he came here. He has seen better days.
In this day and age, no one can expect to get something out of nothing.
(7)Have an off day: 不大成功或顺利的一天
Tom did not do well in yesterday's test.He considered him unlucky euough to have an off day.
(12)Some day: 将来
Everyone hopes to be great some day.
(13)One's days are numbered: 末日将临:
Under computerisation, unskilled workers become redundant. Their days in a company are numbered.
(5)For a rainy day: 为困难的日子作准备
When a person gets older, he will realise the importance of saving for a rainy day.

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记武峰老师配套笔记

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记武峰老师配套笔记

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记武峰老师配套笔记《十二天突破英汉翻译》笔记一、定语从句1、 sth. important (adj修饰不定代词)后置 a cat alive (asleep, awake, alike)a child adopted(V过分,可以后置)2、英文中介词可以译为方位副词和动词。

3、中文:先出主语+废话(定、状、补、插)+最重要成分英文:先出主语+最重要成分+废话(定、状、补、插)主语+废话+主句4、否定转移:但凡是because或by或表原因的词引导的是(从)句子,它一定不转移;是短语时一定转移。

5、译法:前置、后置、句首译法。

的关系词6、一个人或者一群人后接动词+宾从;则此动词常译为认为。

(suggest, assume)7、英汉互译过程中,为了让句子更加通顺,在不影响句意的情况下可适当增加虚词(如果、而、那么),实词的增减必须要有明确的句意。

8、循环套用:中心词+定1+定2+定3+…+定n-1+定n [多个定从套用一定后置]定1+定2≈定3则将前两者放一起译←三个一样长定1≈定2+定3则将后两者放一起译9、非限一定后置且译出关系词。

(难在一定要判断关系词)10、long before 在很久之前 before long 不久后11、inferior to 比…低级 superior to 比…高级junior to 比…年轻 senior to 比…年长prior to 在…之前subject to doing 屈服于 object to doing 反对12、非谓语动词位于名词后相当于定从,需按定从处理。

13、abnormally=extremely 极其的,相当的14、若句子译成中文不通顺则重新断句。

15、并列套用:中心词+定1+定2+定3+…and+定n后置,且关系词只需译一次16、中文先事实后评论,英文先评论后事实。

(差异一)17、It is often said that…人们常说…… It is believed that…人们认为……It is guessed that…人们猜测…… It is thought that…人们认为……It is supposed that…人们推测……It is reported that…据报道…… According to static, 据统计……18、差异二:中文是动态性语言,善于用动词——强势动词(有感情色彩)、形容词和副词英文是静态性语言,善于用名词——弱势动词(动作)在汉译英过程中,若出现强势动词,翻译为英文时不能直接译成强势动词,要找弱势动词对强势动词进行过渡。

超全面英汉翻译笔记

超全面英汉翻译笔记

第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent1higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。

5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

英汉翻译教程笔记

英汉翻译教程笔记

Translation ConclusionUnit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝,留给他的是衰老和幻灭。

2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调,说明自己的身份和经历:他怎样逃出云南,怎样会见孙中山,怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝,怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。

6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续,在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员。

(考研英语翻译)武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结

(考研英语翻译)武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结

武峰十二天英汉翻译技巧笔记总结一、步骤及句子类型1.英译汉主要步骤:1、断句2、翻译3、重读译文2.汉译英主要步骤:1、断句2、找谓语3、翻译4、重读译文3.句子类型●长句,无逗号或很少有逗号●先断句,再翻译,再重读●长句,有大量逗号,无需断句●先判断句与句之间的逻辑关系,再决定哪个先翻译,哪个后翻译,再重读●长句,有大量逗号,有大量生词●直接按照原有顺序翻译,查明每个生词的用法,最后重读让句子更加通顺●短句,无逗号●再短的句子也要有逗号,“剥洋葱”的翻译方法4.断句●原有标点处断句,其次从句处,然后非谓语动词处,再介词短语处,最后主语过长也应断句,而且要单独翻译二、中英文三大差异及个别不同1.语言顺序●中:先出主语➕废话(定语、状语、补语、插入语)➕最重要成分●英:先出主语➕最重要部分➕废话(定语、状语、补语、插入语)2.句子结构●中:善用短句且用标点符号●英:善用长句,不注重标点符号使用3.代词●中文不善用代词(最少用的就是第三人称,因为读音类似)●中文不怕重复●英文善用代词来避免重复,在每个名词前需要有代词或是冠词●英文怕重复4.动静态语言●中文是动态语言,善用动词、形容词和副词●英文是静态语言,善用名词(从句、介词等多)5.意合形合●中文是意合语言,一般没有什么连词,主要通过句子之间的意思来体会相互之间的关系●英文是形合语言,一般有连词,主要通过句与句之间的连词来判断句子之间的关系6.被动●中文中少用被,因为“被”字含贬义●英文中无主语句子比较多,所以被动语态比较频繁7.主语●中文善用人和人体器官做主语●英文善用物体做主语●中文的主语比较长,谓语宾语比较短,称为“非平衡性语言”●英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀,称为“平衡性语言”8.范畴词●中文中一般用大范畴词,例你有多高啊?●英文根据实际情况,该大大该小小,例How tall are you?9.定语排序●中:后置形容词➕前置形容词➕后置名词➕前置名词➕中心词●英:前置形容词➕前置名词➕中心词➕后置名词➕后置形容词三、八种译法1.定语从句的翻译●三种译法●前置译法:将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前,在定语从句后加“的”●八个单词以下的定语从句前置●后置译法:将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后,但需翻译关系词●八个单词以下的定语从句后置●非限制性定语从句后置译法●句首译法:将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面,调整全句语序●循环套用●中心词➕定语1➕定语2➕定语3➕…定语●根据长度判断●定语1➕定语2约等于定语3就把前两者放在一起翻译●定语1约等于定语2➕定语3就把后两者放在一起翻译●并列套用●中心词➕定语1➕定语3➕…➕and➕定语N●后置译法,关系词翻译一个就够2.非谓语动词的翻译●分词位于句首时,相当于一个状语●译法:找出主语,状语放置主语之前●分词位于名词后,可以当作定语从句●译法:短前后长3.被动语态的翻译●译法●当没有宾语时●将英文中原有的被动语态变成中文的被动语态●隐形被动语态●不用“被”字,找“被”的替代词●常见:为…所,是(由)➕动词…的●在科技文献中●用“可以”这两个字来代替“被”●直接省略●有“被”不用“被”4.代词的翻译●一,代词要指明要点●二,代词的翻译不要抽象,不具体5.形容词和副词的翻译●一,使用形容词和副词的延伸含义●不拘泥词汇原本意思●二,“相互转换”●形容词和副词具有相同词根,在翻译时可相互转换●三,长的形容词和副词可以单独成句●四,排序●名词比形容词重要,前置定语更重要,靠近中心词的定语重要6.换主语问题●主语是偏正短语时,取“偏”做主语然后再处理“正”●在中文中找到“隐藏主语”●“就近原则”●无主语时,离动词最近的就是主语7.中文四字短语的翻译●●译为AB●eg:干干净净就是clean;漂漂亮亮就是blond●A●译为:AB●eg:浓妆艳抹就是heavy makeup●ABCD●译法:将中文意思解释清楚●eg:锐意进取就是forge ahead with determination●eg:自强不息就是strive to strengthen oneself constantly8.中国特色词汇的译法●第一种:直接译法,用拼音直接写出这个单词,或是用英文直接翻译●第二种:用增词的方法来进行解释●第三种:在页面的底部用注释的方法解释句子中没有被理解的部分●eg:祖师爷译为the Saint Patron of…,外国人可能看不懂,可在下文进行注释四、翻译规律译法1.“一个原则”●译法●在翻译中:偏正短语翻译为主谓结构或把主谓结构翻译为偏正短语●eg:gleaming eyes,将其翻译为主谓结构,就变成了“双眼炯炯有神”●(注意)●“一个原则”的译法不是到处都能用,而是在句子翻译不通顺的情况下,我们才考虑这种译法,这也是让句子变得更加通顺的一个原则2.偏正互换(文学翻译常见)●一般出现在英译汉中,就是把英文中的“偏正短语”翻译成为中文里的“正偏短语”●eg:this treasury of silt,原本译为“泥沙的宝贵”,将原文中的silt和treasury进行互换,就变成了“宝贵的泥沙”3.谓语动词的过渡●例:我支持你●❌译:I support you(support属强势动词,详见下)●⭕️译:I give you my support●方法:就是将原动词译为名词,又找了一个动词性质相对较弱的动词give作为本句的谓语。

网上汉译英笔记全解

网上汉译英笔记全解

Lecture One英语基本句型与汉译英Basic English Sentence Patterns C-E Translation英语五种基本句型1.S + Vi.2.S + Vi. + P3.S + Vt. + O4.S + Vt. + o + O5.S + Vt. + O + OC1.利用第一句型进行翻译(主语+谓语)1)鸟宿池边树,僧敲月下门。

Birds dwell in a tree by the pond,A monk knocks at the door under the moon.2)卧不安席,食不甘味,心摇摇如悬旌。

(国策)I do not sleep soundly, eat heartily, and my heart leaps all the time.3)臣无祖母,无以至今日;祖母无臣,无以终余年;祖孙二人,相依为命。

(李密)I could not have lived till today without my grandmother, and she would not survive in her later days without me. Both my grandmother and I rely on each other so as to exist in this world. Practice (1)1)浩月当空。

The moon shines brightly.2)日出于东而落于西。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.3)到了春天美丽的花朵开遍原野。

In spring beautiful flowers bloom in the open country.2. 根据第二句型翻译(S+Vi+P)1)他直到最后都是很忠实的。

He remained faithful to the last.2)她渐入老境。

汉翻英笔记

汉翻英笔记

说明:这些笔记是我根据自己的笔记整理出来的,整理好久,一个字一个字敲打出来的,笔记写的不是很好,眼睛都瞅晕了,不是很全,需要大家补充,大伙儿就凑合着看看吧@-@ 希望大家能将自己的资源共享,将补充之后的笔记发到群里,供大家复习参考,并注上自己的名字,将补充的部分用不同的颜色表示出来,有助于查漏补缺嘛人多力量大,五班的同志们踊跃参加呀O(∩_∩)O~------------谭培培第一章第一节不及物动词1、这条河真臭。

2、这年头,不少没文化的人发了财。

3、对于普通老百姓来说,物价实在涨得太快了。

4、实施新规则时出现了许多问题。

5、总共有287人在飞机坠毁事件中丧生。

6、新规则明年起生效。

7、去长城的往返车票要15元。

8、她长得很像我的一个朋友。

9、多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。

10、这种方便面不含防腐剂。

11、她好几分钟说不出话来。

12、地震把村子夷为平地。

13、近几年来,他们家的经济状况每况愈下。

In resent years, the financial situation of his family been going downhill.14、你的月票还能用三年。

You can use your monthly pass/ticket for three more/other days /another 3days.Your monthly ticket /pass can be used for another 3 days.Your monthly pass is valid for 3 days.Your monthly pass/will expire/expires in 3days.Your monthly pass is due to expire in three days.15、这篇文学评论我实在看不懂。

I really can not understand/comprehend this piece of literary criticism.This literary criticism is really very hard/difficult for me to understand/comprehend.It is very difficult for me to comprehend.I found this piece of literary criticism really incomprehensible to me.It can't really figure out this literary reviewThis literary review is beyond me/beyond my comprehensible to me/above my head16、明朝末年,叛乱四起。

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英汉翻译笔记整理第一部分:数词的译法一、数字增减的译法:1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。

5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。

第二部分倍数增加的表示法及译法汉语表示“增加了几倍”时,英语的倍数表示倍数需减一,译成“增加了n-1倍”以表示净增加数。

如果译成“增加到n倍”或“为原来的n倍”,则照译不误。

1.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times“表示成倍地增长,译成”增加到N倍“或”增加n-1倍“注:1倍once; 2倍twice(或double);3倍thrice(或three times)2.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+by+n times,该句式与上述相同3.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+to+n times表示增加到N 倍,译成”增加了n-1倍“4.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+by a factor of +n times5.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+比较级+by a factor of +n times表示增加以后达到的倍数,译成”比。

大(长、宽。

)N-1倍“6.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times+比较级+than。

7.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times +adj./adv. +as....8.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+a +n times(或n-fold) +increase.......表示增加到N倍,译成”增加了N-1倍“9.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+as + adj./adv.+ again as.....译成”比。

大(长、宽。

倍)“例子:Line A is as long again as line B. A线比B线长1倍。

This machine turns half as fast again as that one.这台机器转动比那台机器快半倍。

10.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+half as + adj./adv.+ again as.....译成”比。

大(长、宽。

半倍)“11. 句式特点:用double表示倍数,译成”等于.....的2倍“或”增加了1倍“12.句式特点:用treble表示倍数增加,译成”增加到3倍“或”增加了2倍“13.句式特点:用quadruple表示倍数增加,译成”增加到4倍“或”增加了3倍“第三部分倍数减少的表示方法倍数减少在英译时,需把倍数换算成分数。

成几倍减少,可以改译成”减少到1/N“或减少了”N-1/N“。

而减少了N倍,可改译成”减少到1/N+1“或”减少了N/N+1“。

1.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+N times表示成N倍减少,译成”减少到1/N“或”减少了N-1/N“The length of laser tube was reduced ten times.激光管的长度缩短了十分之九。

2.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+by+N times表示成N倍减少,译成”减少到1/N“或”减少了N-1/N“The bandwith was reduced by two times.带宽减少了二分之一。

3.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+by a factor of + N times表示成N倍减少,译成”减少到1/N“或”减少了N-1/N“4.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+a-N times(N-fold)+ reduction译成”减少到1/N“或”减少了N-1/N“The principal advantage over the old-fashioned machine is a four-fold reduction in weight.与旧式机器比,主要特点是重量减少了四分之三。

5.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+N times+as + adj./adv. .....译成”减少到1/N“或”减少了N-1/N“6.句式特点:表示减少意义的动词+N times+ 比较级+than表示减少了N倍,译成”减少到1/N+1”或“减少了1/N+1“The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one.这个塑料容器比那个玻璃容器轻六分之五。

英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12)等,见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。

现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)A is n times greater (longer,more,…)than B.(②)A is n times the size (length,amount,…)of B.(③)以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,threetimes the length of )that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。

(二)increase to n times(④)increase n times/n-fold(⑤)increase by n times(⑥)increase by a factor of n(⑦)以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three timesas compared with last year.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as againstl986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply 等词所替代。

(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。

这个句型还有其它一些形式:Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。

(⑨)Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)asB.(⑩)应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。

A is half as much (large,1ong,…)again as B.【= A is one and a half times as much (large,1ong,…)as B.】(11)应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。

倍数减少(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)A is n times smaller (lighter,slower,…) than B.(13)以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。

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