化学工程与工艺专业英语试题

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济南大学成人教育《化学工程与工艺专业英语(224201)》期末考试复习题及参考答案

答案： D
9.钠：（）
A、sodium，Na B、iron，Fe C、gold，Au D、iodine，I E、nitrogen，N F、tin，Sn
答案： A
10.氧：（）
A、calcium，Ca B、carbon，C C、oxygen，O D、silver，Ag E、hydrogen，H F、chlorine，Cl
氧答案：二化硫
13. aluminum oxide：（）
氧铝答案：化
四、句式改写
请两简单为导 1. 将个句合并 which或that引的从句
The peak of graphene oxide was shifted to 22.5°. This is due to partial reduction of graphene oxide to graphene caused by coprecipitation reaction of iron ions.
苯答案：三甲基
3. calcium hypochlorite：（）
氯钙答案：次酸
4. sodium perchlorate：（）
氯钠答案：高酸
5. copper sulphate：（）
铜答案：硫酸
6. 2-hexene：（）
烯答案： 2-己
7. dichloromethane：（）
单词两答案： therefore、hence、consequently、thus,在表示“因此”的任意个
4. replace：（）、（）
单词两答案： displace、substitute,在表示“替代”的任意个
5. in addition to：（）、（）

化学工程与工艺专业英语课后习题参考答案

Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries1.the Industrial Revolutionanic chemicals3.the contact process4.the Haber process5.synthetic polymers6.intermediates7.artificial fertilizers 8.pesticides (crop protection chemicals)9.synthetic fibers10.pharmaceutical11.research and development12.petrochemicalputers(automatic control equipment)14.capital intensiveSome Chemicals Used In Our Daily LifeUnit 2 Research and Development1.R&D2.ideas and knowledge3.process and products4.fundamental5.applied6.product development7.existing product8.pilot plant9.profitbility10.environmental impact11.energy cost 12.technical support13.process improvement14.effluent treatment15.pharmaceutical16.sufficiently pure17.Reaction18.unreacted material19.by-products20.the product specification21.Product storageUnit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers1.Mechanical2.electrical3.civil4.scale-upmercial-size6.reactors7.distillation columns8.pumps9.control and instrumentation10.mathematics11.industry12.academia13.steam 14.cooling water15.an economical16.to improve17.P&I Drawings18.Equipment Specification Sheets19.Construction20.capacity and performance21.bottlenecks22.Technical Sales23.new or improved24.engineering methods25.configurationsUnit 4 Sources of Chemicals1.inorganic chemicals2.derive from (originate from)3.petrochemical processes4.Metallic ores5.extraction process6.non-renewable resource7.renewable sources8.energy source9.fermentation process10.selective 11.raw material12.separation and purification13.food industry14.to be wetted15.Key to success16.Crushing and grinding17.Sieving18.Stirring and bubbling19.Surface active agents20.OverflowingUnit 5 Basic Chemicals 1. Ethylene 2. acetic acid 3.4. Polyvinyl acetate5. Emulsion paintUnit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes 1. Ammonia 2. ammonia absorber 3. NaCl & NH 4OH 4.5. NH 4Cl6. Rotary drier7. Light Na 2CO 3Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea 1. kinetically inert 2. some iron compounds 3. exothermic 4. conversion 5. a reasonable speed 6. lower pressures 7. higher temperatures 8.9. energy 10. steam reforming 11. carbon monoxide 12. secondary reformer 13. the shift reaction 14. methane 15. 3:1Unit 8 Petroleum Processing 1. organic chemicals 2. H:C ratios3. high temperature carbonization4. crude tar5. pyrolysis6. poor selectivity7. consumption of hydrogen8. the pilot stage9. surface and underground 10.fluidized bed 11. Biotechnology 12. sulfur speciesUnit 9 PolymersUnit 10 What Is Chemical EngineeringMicroscale (≤10-3m)●Atomic and molecular studies of catalysts●Chemical processing in the manufacture of integrated circuits●Studies of the dynamics of suspensions and microstructured fluidsMesoscale (10-3－102m)●Improving the rate and capacity of separations equipment●Design of injection molding equipment to produce car bumpers madefrom polymers●Designing feedback control systems for bioreactorsMacroscale (>10m)●Operability analysis and control system synthesis for an entire chemicalplant●Mathematical modeling of transport and chemical reactions ofcombustion-generated air pollutants●Manipulating a petroleum reservoir during enhanced oil recoverythrough remote sensing of process data, development and use of dynamicmodels of underground interactions, and selective injection of chemicalsto improve efficiency of recoveryUnit 12 What Do We Mean by Transport Phenomena?1.density2.viscosity3.tube diameter4.Reynolds5.eddiesminar flow7.turbulent flow 8.velocity fluctuations9.solid surface10.ideal fluids11.viscosity12.Prandtl13.fluid dynamicsUnit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering 1. physical 2. unit operations 3. identical 4. A. D. Little 5. fluid flow6. membrane separation7. crystallization8. filtration9. material balance 10. equilibrium stage model 11. Hydrocyclones 12. Filtration 13. Gravity 14. VaccumUnit 14 Distillation Operations 1. relative volatilities 2. contacting trays 3. reboiler4. an overhead condenser5. reflux6. plates7. packing8.9. rectifying section 10. energy-input requirement 11. overall thermodynamic efficiency 12. tray efficiencies 13. Batch operation 14. composition 15. a rectifying batch 1 < 2 < 3Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption 1. a liquid solvent 2. solubilities 3. leaching 4. distillation 5. extract 6. raffinate 7. countercurrent 8. a fluid 9. adsorbed phase 10. 400,000 11. original condition 12. total pressure 13. equivalent numbers 14. H + or OH –15. regenerant 16. process flow rates17. deterioration of performance 18. closely similar 19. stationary phase 20. mobile phase21. distribution coefficients 22. selective membranes 23. synthetic24. ambient temperature 25. ultrafiltration26. reverse osmosis (RO).Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying 1. concentrate solutions 2. solids 3. circulation 4. viscosity 5. heat sensitivity 6. heat transfer surfaces 7. the long tube8. multiple-effect evaporators 9.10. condensers 11. supersaturation 12. circulation pump 13. heat exchanger 14. swirl breaker 15. circulating pipe 16. Product17. non-condensable gasUnit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering1.design2.optimization3.control4.unit operations (UO)5.many disciplines6.kinetics7.thermodynamics,8.fluid mechanics9.microscopic10.chemical reactions 11.more valuable products12.harmless products13.serves the needs14.the chemical reactors15.flowchart16.necessarily17.tail18.each reaction19.temperature and concentrations20.linearUnit 18 Chemical Engineering Modeling1.optimization2.mathematical equations3.time4.experiments5.greater understanding6.empirical approach7.experimental design8.differing process condition9.control systems 10.feeding strategies11.training and education12.definition of problem13.mathematical model14.numerical methods15.tabulated or graphical16.experimental datarmation1.the preliminary economics2.technological changes3.pilot-plant data4.process alternatives5.trade-offs6.Off-design7.Feedstocks 8.optimize9.plant operations10.energy11.bottlenecking12.yield and throughput13.Revamping14.new catalystUnit 19 Introduction to Process Design1. a flowsheet2.control scheme3.process manuals4.profit5.sustainable industrial activities6.waste7.health8.safety9. a reactor10.tradeoffs11.optimizations12.hierarchyUnit 20 Materials Science and Chemical Engineering1.the producing species2.nutrient medium3.fermentation step4.biomass5.biomass separation6.drying agent7.product8.water9.biological purificationUnit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment1.Atmospheric chemistry2.stratospheric ozone depletion3.acid rain4.environmentally friendly products5.biodegradable6.harmful by-product7.efficiently8.power plant emissions 9.different plastics10.recycled or disposed11.acidic waste solutionsanic components13.membrane technology14.biotechnology15.microorganisms。

化工专业英语试题及答案

2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia ( )4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.___________________________________________________________2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.___________________________________________________________3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.___________________________________________________________4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.___________________________________________________________5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.___________________________________________________________6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.___________________________________________________________三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。

化学工程与工艺专业英语1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、11、12、13、20、21

Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。

可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。

比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。

有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。

20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。

这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。

而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。

这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。

特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。

这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。

1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。

尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。

化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。

石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。

今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。

它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。

这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。

这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。

2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。

化学工程与工艺专业英语有机物命名3-1

把醚看成烃的烷氧衍生物，把余下的碳数较少的烷氧（RO−）作取代基，如有不饱和烃基存在时，选不饱和程度较大的烃基作为母体：
烷氧基的英文名称在相应烷基名称后面加词尾“氧基”即“oxy”，低于5个碳的烷氧基的英文名称将烷基中英文词尾“yl”省略。
1-甲氧基丁烷 1-methoxybutane
苯甲醚 methoxybenzene
对苯二酚 1, 4-benzenediol
烷基词尾-e
+
-ol
=
相应的醇
邻苯二酚 1, 2-benzenediol
间苯二酚 1, 3-benzenediol
2-萘酚 2-naphthalenol
1-萘酚 1-naphthalenol
3-溴苯酚 3-bromophenol
4-甲基苯酚 4-methylphenol
CH CH3 OH
1-苯基乙醇 1-phenyl-hexanol
分子中含有两个或多个相同官能团时，命名应选官能团最多的长链为主链，然后根据主链的碳原子数称为某n醇（或某n醛、某n酮、某n酸等），n是主链上官能团的数目。英文命名时，用di表示二，tri表示三，di、tri插在特征词尾前。例如二醇（−diol）、三醇（−triol）。编号时要使主链上所有官能团的位置号尽可能小。最后按名称格式写出全名。
苯甲醇 phenylmethanol
3-苯基-2-丁醇 3-phenyl-2-butanol
2-氯甲基-1-丁醇 2-chloromethyl-1-butanol
C H3C H2C H2C H C H2O H C H C H C H3 C H3 C H3
3，4-二甲基-2-丙基-1-戊醇
3,4-dimethyl-2-propyl-1-pentanol

化学工程与工艺英语考试试题

四、翻译，40分
1、常用工程材料包括金属、水泥、混凝土建筑材料、粘土制品、绝缘材料、木料。对其中的一些在这儿从发生、制造、性质、检验方法和用途方面加以描述。 2、材料可转变成工具、装置、机器、房屋和街道。在现代，革命性的技术进步就材料来说是接二连三地出现。像印刷、雷达、收音机、电话、卫星、火箭等的重大进步极大地促进了人类舒适生活水平的提高。
一，把下列物质或者短ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ译成英文，20分。
1、Na2CO3 2、Cu(CH3COO)2 3、 NiSO4 4、 CoCl2· 6H2O 5、CO2 6、 3，5-二氯水杨醛 7、金属有机框架 8、簇合物 9、八面体 10、超级电容器 11、铁电性质 12、磁学性质 13、金属有机化学 14、乙酸乙酯 15、石油醚 16、柱层色谱、17、配位聚合物 18、超分子化学 19、分子间氢键 20、X-射线单晶衍射
二，写出下列化合物的分子式，10分。
1、 Potassium sulfite；2、calcium permanganate 3、barium phosphate；4、copper (I) sulfate 5、sodium peroxide； 6、phosphorus trichloride 7、diboron trioxide； 8、pyrazole-1H-3-carboxylic acid 9、potassium azide 10、zinc oxide
五、写作 15分
给你的朋友写一封信，介绍你所学的专业，谈谈学好该专业有哪些经验或者方法。不少于120词
3. The considerable attention for coordination polymers (CPs), especially porous CPs, stems from not only their intrinsic topological network, but also their potential applications due to their molecular separation, magnetism, chiral catalysis, gas storage and photo-luminescence properties. 4. Over the last at least three decades, the science of porous solid materials has become one of the most intense areas of study for chemists, physicists, and materials scientists. These materials have found a large number of applications in many fields, such as adsorption, separation and purification, as well as catalysis.

化工专业英语试卷参考答案

化学工程与工艺专业英语试题卷参考答案一．Put the following into English or Chinese.1.石油化学制品2. alkali3. sodium carbonate4. 聚合作用5. ammonia6. 药物7. antioxidant8. 聚四氟乙烯9. 环己烷10..carbonmonoxide 11. 乙醇胺12. thermodynamics 13. 光谱学14. refinery 15. 多相的16. isothermal17. 聚氧化亚甲基18. chloride 19. ethanol 20. 聚氯乙烯二.Translation.1. 4 generations under one roof2. to be a winner of the family3. 教务处4.国家助学金5.Principles of chemistry(unit operations)6.生产实习7.graduation thesis8.妇产医院9.transport phenomena10.金窝，银窝，不如自己的狗窝11.normal university 12.综合性大学13.应试教育14.master of business administrator 15.分析化学16.税务局17.party committee 18.专卖店19.chain store(multiple shop) 20.主任医生三、Put the following sentences underlined into ChineseA在20世纪六、七十年代，由于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚酯环氧树脂等聚合物合成需求量的大量增加，石油化工产品产量呈现爆炸式的增长。

B单一的化工厂产量有从精细化工领域的每年几吨到肥料、石油领域的化工巨头的每年500，000吨。

C一方面，化学生产工业的扩张，另一方面，化学工程与工艺科学的先进，这些使为化工生产奠定了理论基础成为了可能。

化学化工英语试题及答案

化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。

化学工程与工艺专业英语

Aspects of synthesis could involve either developing new, more specific reagents for controlling particular functional group interconversions, i.e. developing synthetic methodology or complete synthesis of an entirely
the development. 2. Types of Industrial Research and Development The applied or more targeted type of research and
development commonly carried out in industry can be of several type and we will briefly consider each. They are: (i) product development, (ii) process development, (iii) process improvement and (iv) applications development. Even under these headings there are a multitude of aspect so only a typical example can be quoted in each case. The emphasis on each of these will vary considerably within the different sectors of the chemical industry. Product development. Product development

化工专业英语练习题参考答案

练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。

化学工程与工艺专业英语试卷

南华大学2014 –2015学年度第一学期化学工程与工艺专业英语课程试卷(A卷12级化学工程与工艺专业）考试日期：2014年11月28日考试类别：考试考试时间：120分钟命题人：审阅人：一、将下列句子翻译成汉语（20分）1. Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate, although this has slowed sign ificantly in recent years.2. The chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the lates t advances in electronics and engineering.3 Indeed the level of a country’s development may be judged by the production level and sophistic ation of its chemical industry.4. chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the des ign, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.5.In addition to processes that result in materials with specific high-performance properties, chemi cal engineers continue to design new processes for the low-cost manufacture of polymers.第1页二、将下列单词翻译成汉语（10分）1.polyethylene2. acetic acid3.benzene4. impurity5. precipitate6.filtration7. spontaneous 8. solution9. immiscible 10. reactor三、将下列词语翻译成英语（10分）11.扩散12. 碳13. 连续的14. 强碱的15. 盐酸16. 还原17. 平衡18. 沉降19. 硫酸盐20. 溶解度四、选择正确的单词填入下文划线部分(20分)machines machinery properties branches adapts equipment separateddesign production chemical industrial increase foundation engineering tecahniclIn a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical 1refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical 2 are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on 3and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the4 , manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes. Chemical engineering is above all based on the chemical sciences, such as physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In doing so, however, it does not simply copy their findings, but them to bulk chemical processing. The principal objectives that set chemical engineering apart from chemistry as a pure science, is to find the most economical route of operation and to design commercial 6 and accessories that suit it best of all. Therefore, chemical engineering is inconceivable without close ties with economics, physics, mathematics, cybernetics, applied mechanics, and other 7 sciences.第2页increase in the number of chemical manufactures. Today, petroleum for example serves as the source material for the of about 80 thousand chemicals. The expansion of the chemical process industries on the one hand and advances in the chemical and technical sciences on the other have made it possible to lay theoretical 9 for chemical processing.As the chemical process industries forged ahead, new data, new relationships and new generalizations were added to the subject-matter of chemical engineering. Many 10in their own right have separated from the main stream of chemical engineering, such as process and plant design, automation, chemical process simulation and modeling, etc.五、根据你所学的关于聚合物的知识完成下面表格（20分）六、根据你对化学工程与工艺的了解，用英语写一篇不少于200字的短文（20分）1、化学工程与工艺的内容2、化学工程与工艺的前景3、你对化学工程与工艺的看法第3页化学化工学院化工班学号：姓名：参考答案一、1.1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。

化学工程与工艺专业英语最全版

1.The explosives growth in petrochemicals in the 1960s and 1970s was largely due to the enormous increase in demand for synthet ic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyesters and epoxy resins.石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。

2.The difficulty cones in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities. 困难在于如何决定在一些特殊的生产过程中哪一个环节不再属于化学工业的活动范畴。

举一个特殊的例子来描述一下这种困境。

3.The chemical engineer must also work closely with mechanical, electrical, civil, and metallurgical engineers in order to design and operate the physical equipment in a plant--the reactors, tanks, distillation columns, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, Control and instrumentation devices, and so on. 化学工程师还必须与机械、电子、土木建筑和冶金工程师密切协作以设计和操作工厂的机械设备—反应器、槽、蒸馏塔、热交换器、泵、压缩机、控制器和仪器设备等等。

化学工程与工艺专业英语二

We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic , rather than the
the deesearch and Development
The applied or more targeted type of research and development commonly carried out in industry can be of several type and we will briefly consider each. They are: (i) product development, (ii) process development, (iii) process improvement and (iv) applications development. Even under these headings there are a multitude of aspect so only a typical example can be quoted in each case. The emphasis on each of these will vary considerably within the different sectors of the chemical industry.
Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. In may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world ”will be apparent. Not that it will be provide a valuable training in defining and solving problems, i.e. research methodology for the research student who carries it out, under supervision. however, later “spin offs” from such

化学工程与工艺专业英语unit1

PPT文档演模板
化学工程与工艺专业英语unit1
The latter required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture ) with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years(1918-1939).
Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800,and developed to provide chemicals for use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking.

化学工程与工艺专业英语练习参考答案

11.raw material
12.separation and purification
13.food industry
14.to be wetted
15.Key to success
16.Crushing and grinding
17.Sieving
18.Stirring and bubbling
Key to Exercise
Unit 1 Chemical Industries
1.the Industrial Revolution
anic chemicals
3.the contact process
4.the Haber process
5.synthetic polymers
6.intermediates
glassmaking,
sodium silicate;
as an alkali
Chlorine
brine
2Na++ 2Cl-+2H2O→NaOH +Cl2+H2
as water purification, bleaching of wood pulp; production of
vinyl chloride, solvents, inorganic chlorine-containing products
polymers, plastics
Unit 2 Research and Development
1.R&D
2.ideas and knowledge
3.process and products
4.fundamental
5.applied
6.product development

化工英语试题及答案

化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。

《化学工程与工艺专业英语》全本

Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。